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Soto-Rodríguez FJ, Moya AP, Bobadilla-Agouborde CJ, Pérez-Mármol JM. Effect of Exercise Prior to Sedentary Behavior on Vascular Health Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Trials. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38853205 PMCID: PMC11162984 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior has been shown to negatively affect parameters of endothelial function and central hemodynamics, both of which are closely associated with vascular health. Exercise prior to sedentary behavior has demonstrated potential as a preventive strategy to mitigate these detrimental effects. To evaluate the impact of exercise prior to sedentary behavior on vascular health parameters in the adult population, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, synthesizing the available body of knowledge. METHODS A literature search was carried out in 6 databases. For each outcome, standard error and mean difference or standardized mean difference were calculated, as appropriate. An analysis was performed using a random effects model with a 95% confidence interval, using the inverse variance statistical method. Risk of bias assessment was performed using ROB2 and considerations for crossover trials. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. RESULTS Exercise performed prior to prolonged sedentary behavior resulted in increased flow-mediated vasodilation at the first and third hours of sedentary time, compared with the control condition of sedentary behavior without prior exercise [MD: 1.51% (95% CI: 0.57 to 2.45) and MD: 1.36% (95% CI: 0.56 to 2.16), respectively]. Moreover, prior exercise led to increased shear rate at the first and third hours of sedentary time [MD: 7.70 s^-1 (95% CI: 0.79 to 14.61) and MD: 5.21 s^-1 (95% CI: 1.77 to 8.43), respectively]. Furthermore, it increased blood flow at the third hour [SMD: 0.40 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.72)], compared with the control condition of prolonged sedentary behavior without prior exercise. Regarding hemodynamic parameters, exercise prior to prolonged sedentary behavior decreased mean arterial pressure during the first and third hours of sedentary behavior [MD: -1.94 mmHg (95% CI: -2.77 to -1.11) and MD: -1.90 mmHg (95% CI: -3.27 to -0.53), respectively], and an increase in heart rate during the first hour [MD: 4.38 beats per minute (95%CI: 2.78 to 5.98)] compared with the control condition of prolonged sedentary behavior without prior exercise. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research suggest that prior exercise may prevent the impairment of vascular health parameters caused by sedentary behavior. However, the quality of the evidence was estimated as moderate. Therefore, further experimental studies and high-quality clinical trials are needed in this field to strengthen the results and conclusions drawn. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023393686.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Soto-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Alicia Peris Moya
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Pérez-Mármol
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Effect of Prior Exercise on Postprandial Lipemia: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:501-518. [PMID: 36028221 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the results from current literature examining the effects of prior exercise on the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to evaluate current literature and provide future direction. A quantitative review was performed using meta-analytic methods to quantify individual effect sizes. A moderator analysis was performed to investigate potential variables that could influence the effect of prior exercise on postprandial TG response. Two hundred and seventy-nine effects were retrieved from 165 studies for the total TG response and 142 effects from 87 studies for the incremental area under the curve TG response. There was a moderate effect of exercise on the total TG response (Cohen's d = -0.47; p < .0001). Moderator analysis revealed exercise energy expenditure significantly moderated the effect of prior exercise on the total TG response (p < .0001). Exercise modality (e.g., cardiovascular, resistance, combination of both cardiovascular and resistance, or standing), cardiovascular exercise type (e.g., continuous, interval, concurrent, or combined), and timing of exercise prior to meal administration significantly affected the total TG response (p < .001). Additionally, exercise had a moderate effect on the incremental area under the curve TG response (Cohen's d = -0.40; p < .0001). The current analysis reveals a more homogeneous data set than previously reported. The attenuation of postprandial TG appears largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure (∼2 MJ) and the timing of exercise. The effect of prior exercise on the postprandial TG response appears to be transient; therefore, exercise should be frequent to elicit an adaptation.
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Fewkes JJ, Kellow NJ, Cowan SF, Williamson G, Dordevic AL. A single, high-fat meal adversely affects postprandial endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:699-729. [PMID: 35665799 PMCID: PMC9437993 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a predictive risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and is assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Although it is known that NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction occurs after consuming a high-fat meal, the magnitude of the effect and the factors that affect the response are unquantified. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the quantitative effects of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function and determined the factors that modify the FMD response. METHODS Six databases were systematically searched for original research published up to January 2022. Eligible studies measured fasting and postprandial FMD following consumption of a high-fat meal. Meta-regression was used to analyze the effect of moderator variables. RESULTS There were 131 studies included, of which 90 were suitable for quantitative meta-analysis. A high-fat meal challenge transiently caused endothelial dysfunction, decreasing postprandial FMD at 2 hours [-1.02 percentage points (pp); 95% CI: -1.34 to -0.70 pp; P < 0.01; I2 = 93.3%], 3 hours [-1.04 pp; 95% CI: -1.48 to -0.59 pp; P < 0.001; I2 = 84.5%], and 4 hours [-1.19 pp; 95% CI: -1.53 to -0.84 pp; P < 0.01; I2 = 94.6%]. Younger, healthy-weight participants exhibited a greater postprandial reduction in the FMD percentage change than older, heavier, at-risk groups after a high-fat meal ( P < 0.05). The percentage of fat in the meals was inversely associated with the magnitude of postprandial changes in FMD at 3 hours (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A single, high-fat meal adversely impacts endothelial function, with the magnitude of the impact on postprandial FMD moderated by the fasting FMD, participant age, BMI, and fat content of the meal. Recommendations are made to standardize the design of future postprandial FMD studies and optimize interpretation of results, as high-fat meals are commonly used in clinical studies as a challenge to assess endothelial function and therapeutics. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020187244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita J Fewkes
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie F Cowan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Petridou A, Mougios V. Exercise to lower postprandial lipemia: why, when, what and how. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1013-1022. [PMID: 35345016 DOI: 10.1055/a-1810-5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We review recent findings on the ability of exercise to lower postprandial lipemia (PPL). Specifically, we answer why exercise is important in lowering PPL, when it is most effective to exercise to achieve this, what the preferred exercise is and how exercise reduces PPL. Most findings confirm the power of exercise to lower PPL, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is most effective when performed on the day preceding a high- or moderate-fat meal. This effect lasts up to approximately two days; therefore, one should exercise frequently to maintain this benefit. However, the time of exercise relative to a meal is not that important in real-life conditions, since one consumes several meals during the day; thus, an exercise bout will inevitably exert its lowering effect on PPL in one or more of the subsequent meals. Although moderate-intensity continuous exercise, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), resistance exercise and accumulation of short bouts of exercise throughout the day are all effective in lowering PPL, submaximal, high-volume interval exercise seems to be superior, provided it is tolerable. Finally, exercise reduces PPL by both lowering the rate of appearance and increasing the clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Petridou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Papadakis Z, Garcia-Retortillo S, Koutakis P. Effects of Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation and High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Network Interactions. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:869787. [PMID: 36926086 PMCID: PMC10013041 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.869787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is deemed effective for cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system (ANS) health-related benefits, while ANS disturbance increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Postprandial lipemia and acute-partial sleep deprivation (APSD) are considered as CVD risk factors due to their respective changes in ANS. Exercising in the morning hours after APSD and have a high-fat breakfast afterwards may alter the interactions of the cardiovascular, autonomic regulation, and postprandial lipemic systems threatening individuals' health. This study examined postprandial network interactions between autonomic regulation through heart rate variability (HRV) and lipemia via low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in response to APSD and HIIE. Methods: Fifteen apparently healthy and habitually good sleepers (age 31 ± 5.2 SD yrs) completed an acute bout of an isocaloric HIIE (in form of 3:2 work-to-rest ratio at 90 and 40% of VO2 reserve) after both a reference sleep (RSX) and 3-3.5 h of acute-partial sleep deprivation (SSX) conditions. HRV time and frequency domains and LDL were evaluated in six and seven time points surrounding sleep and exercise, respectively. To identify postprandial network interactions, we constructed one correlation analysis and one physiological network for each experimental condition. To quantify the interactions within the physiological networks, we also computed the number of links (i.e., number of significant correlations). Results: We observed an irruption of negative links (i.e., negative correlations) between HRV and LDL in the SSX physiological network compared to RSX. Discussion: We recognize that a correlation analysis does not constitute a true network analysis due to the absence of analysis of a time series of the original examined physiological variables. Nonetheless, the presence of negative links in SSX reflected the impact of sleep deprivation on the autonomic regulation and lipemia and, thus, revealed the inability of HIIE to remain cardioprotective under APSD. These findings underlie the need to further investigate the effects of APSD and HIIE on the interactions among physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Clinical Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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Kobayashi R, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Asaki K, Hashiguchi T, Negoro H. Effects of Different Types of Carbohydrates on Arterial Stiffness: A Comparison of Isomaltulose and Sucrose. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124493. [PMID: 34960045 PMCID: PMC8707962 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness during acute hyperglycemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the type of carbohydrate that inhibits it is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of low-glycemic-index isomaltulose on arterial stiffness during hyperglycemia in middle-aged and older adults. Ten healthy middle-aged and older adult subjects orally ingested a solution containing 25 g of isomaltulose (ISI trial) and sucrose (SSI trial) in a crossover study. In the SSI trial, the brachial-ankle (ba) pulse wave velocity (PWV) increased 30, 60, and 90 min after ingestion compared with that before ingestion (p < 0.01); however, in the ISI trial, the baPWV did not change after ingestion compared with that before ingestion. Blood glucose levels 30 min after intake were lower in the ISI trial than in the SSI trial (p < 0.01). The baPWV and systolic blood pressure were positively correlated 90 min after isomaltulose and sucrose ingestion (r = 0.640, p < 0.05). These results indicate that isomaltulose intake inhibits an acute increase in arterial stiffness. The results of the present study may have significant clinical implications on the implementation of dietary programs for middle-aged and elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kobayashi
- Center for Fundamental Education, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-9193-3605
| | - Miki Sakazaki
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8423, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8423, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kenji Asaki
- Department of Tokyo Judo Therapy, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan;
| | - Takeo Hashiguchi
- Department of School Education, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Negoro
- Harvard PKD Center for Polycystic Kidney Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Zheng C, Zhang X, Sheridan S, Ho RST, Sit CHP, Huang Y, Wong SHS. Effect of sedentary behavior interventions on vascular function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1395-1410. [PMID: 33655660 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) results in hemodynamic alterations within the vasculature, leading to vascular dysfunction that may be attenuated by various interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of SB interventions on vascular function in adults using seven databases searched on December 17, 2020. All types of SB interventions were included such as short- and long-term interventions (≥7 days) in participants aged ≥18 years. The pooled effect (mean difference) of intervention on three outcomes, namely, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), shear rate (SR), and pulse wave velocity (PWV), was evaluated using random effects meta-analyses. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was employed to assess the quality of the included studies. Twenty-six studies (21 short-term and six long-term interventions) involving 669 participants from eight countries were included. Evidence from meta-analysis showed that short-term interventions targeting SB improved FMD by 1.50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.99) and increased SR by 12.70 S-1 (95% CI 7.86-17.54); no significant pooled effect was found for PWV. Long-term SB interventions resulted in a 0.93% increase in FMD (95% CI 0.25-1.62) and had no significant effect on PWV. Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that both short- and long-term SB interventions improved FMD but had no effect on PWV. Short-term interventions had a greater effect in improving lower extremity arterial function. Further studies targeting long-term SB interventions on vascular function in adults are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sinead Sheridan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy Hui-Ping Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Costa VAB, Midgley AW, Carroll S, Astorino TA, de Paula T, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Is a verification phase useful for confirming maximal oxygen uptake in apparently healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247057. [PMID: 33596256 PMCID: PMC7888616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'verification phase' has emerged as a supplementary procedure to traditional maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) criteria to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). OBJECTIVE To compare the highest VO2 responses observed in different verification phase procedures with their preceding CPET for confirmation that VO2max was likely attained. METHODS MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed), Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane (accessed through Wiley) were searched for relevant studies that involved apparently healthy adults, VO2max determination by indirect calorimetry, and a CPET on a cycle ergometer or treadmill that incorporated an appended verification phase. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the pooled effect of the CPET and verification phase on the highest mean VO2. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects assumptions due to the diversity of experimental protocols employed. I2 was calculated to determine the heterogeneity of VO2 responses, and a funnel plot was used to check the risk of bias, within the mean VO2 responses from the primary studies. Subgroup analyses were used to test the moderator effects of sex, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise modality, CPET protocol, and verification phase protocol. RESULTS Eighty studies were included in the systematic review (total sample of 1,680 participants; 473 women; age 19-68 yr.; VO2max 3.3 ± 1.4 L/min or 46.9 ± 12.1 mL·kg-1·min-1). The highest mean VO2 values attained in the CPET and verification phase were similar in the 54 studies that were meta-analyzed (mean difference = 0.03 [95% CI = -0.01 to 0.06] L/min, P = 0.15). Furthermore, the difference between the CPET and verification phase was not affected by any of the potential moderators such as verification phase intensity (P = 0.11), type of recovery utilized (P = 0.36), VO2max verification criterion adoption (P = 0.29), same or alternate day verification procedure (P = 0.21), verification-phase duration (P = 0.35), or even according to sex, cardiorespiratory fitness level, exercise modality, and CPET protocol (P = 0.18 to P = 0.71). The funnel plot indicated that there was no significant publication bias. CONCLUSIONS The verification phase seems a robust procedure to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a ramp or continuous step-incremented CPET. However, given the high concordance between the highest mean VO2 achieved in the CPET and verification phase, findings from the current study would question its necessity in all testing circumstances. PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID CRD42019123540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. B. Costa
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, England
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Tainah de Paula
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinics of Hypertension and Associated Metabolic Diseases, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Papadakis Z, Forsse JS, Peterson MN. Acute partial sleep deprivation and high-intensity interval exercise effects on postprandial endothelial function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2431-2444. [PMID: 32803383 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute-total and chronic-partial sleep deprivation increase the risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular function assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) is reduced after sleep deprivation. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves postprandial FMD. Sleep-deprived individuals may practice HIIE followed by a high-fat breakfast. This study investigated the acute-partial sleep deprivation (APSD) and HIIE interaction on postprandial FMD. METHODS Fifteen healthy males (age 31 ± 5 years) participated in: (a) reference sleep (~ 9.5 h) with no HIIE (RS), (b) RS and HIIE (RSX), and (c) APSD and HIIE (SSX). HIIE was performed in 3:2 min intervals at 90% and 40% of VO2 reserve. FMD was assessed the night before (D1), the morning of the next day (D2), 1 h (1hrPE) and 4 h post HIIE (4hrPE). RESULTS FMD% change was lower at RS compared to both RSX (F1,14 = 23.96, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.631) and SSX (F1,14 = 4.8, p = 0.47, η2 = 0.253) at 1hrPE. RSX and SSX did not differ at 1hrPE (F1,14 = 0.2, p = 0.889, η2 = 0.001), but SSX elicited greater FDM responses. Absolute FMD change was lower at RS compared to both RSX (F1,14 = 21.5, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.606) and SSX (F1,14 = 7.01, p = 0.019, η2 = 0.336) at 1hrPE. RSX and SSX did not differ at 1hrPE (F1,14 = .03, p = 0.858, η2 = 0.002), but SSX elicited greater FDM responses. CONCLUSIONS HIIE short-term effects on cardiovascular function remain cardioprotective even after an acute-partial sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Forsse
- Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technologies, Health Human Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX, 76798-7311, USA
| | - Matthew N Peterson
- Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technologies, Health Human Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX, 76798-7311, USA
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The Postprandial Appearance of Features of Cardiometabolic Risk: Acute Induction and Prevention by Nutrients and Other Dietary Substances. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091963. [PMID: 31438565 PMCID: PMC6770341 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of diets, food, and food components that affect postprandial inflammation, endothelial function, and oxidative stress, which are related to cardiometabolic risk. A high-energy meal, rich in saturated fat and sugars, induces the transient appearance of a series of metabolic, signaling and physiological dysregulations or dysfunctions, including oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which are directly related to the amplitude of postprandial plasma triglycerides and glucose. Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are also known to cluster together with insulin resistance, a third risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type-II diabetes, thus making a considerable contribution to cardiometabolic risk. Because of the marked relevance of the postprandial model to nutritional pathophysiology, many studies have investigated whether adding various nutrients and other substances to such a challenge meal might mitigate the onset of these adverse effects. Some foods (e.g., nuts, berries, and citrus), nutrients (e.g., l-arginine), and other substances (various polyphenols) have been widely studied. Reports of favorable effects in the postprandial state have concerned plasma markers for systemic or vascular pro-inflammatory conditions, the activation of inflammatory pathways in plasma monocytes, vascular endothelial function (mostly assessed using physiological criteria), and postprandial oxidative stress. Although the literature is fragmented, this topic warrants further study using multiple endpoints and markers to investigate whether the interesting candidates identified might prevent or limit the postprandial appearance of critical features of cardiometabolic risk.
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Brown M, McClean CM, Davison GW, Brown JCW, Murphy MH. Preceding exercise and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia: effects on lymphocyte cell DNA damage and vascular inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:125. [PMID: 31138221 PMCID: PMC6540450 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has proved effective in attenuating the unfavourable response normally associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG) and accompanying oxidative stress. Yet, the acute effects of prior exercise and PHTG on DNA damage remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine if walking alters PHTG-induced oxidative damage and the interrelated inflammatory mechanisms. Methods Twelve apparently healthy, recreationally active, male participants (22.4 ± 4.1 years; 179.2 ± 6 cm; 84.2 ± 14.7 kg; 51.3 ± 8.6 ml·kg− 1·min− 1) completed a randomised, crossover study consisting of two trials: (1) a high-fat meal alone (resting control) or (2) a high-fat meal immediately following 1 h of moderate exercise (65% maximal heart rate). Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately post-exercise or rest, as well as at 2, 4 and 6 h post-meal. Biomarkers of oxidative damage (DNA single-strand breaks, lipid peroxidation and free radical metabolism) and inflammation were determined using conventional biochemistry techniques. Results DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, free radical metabolism and triglycerides increased postprandially (main effect for time, p < 0.05), regardless of completing 1 h of preceding moderate intensity exercise. Plasma antioxidants (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) also mobilised in response to the high-fat meal (main effect for time, p < 0.05), but no changes were detected for retinol-binding protein-4. Conclusion The ingestion of a high fat meal induces postprandial oxidative stress, inflammation and a rise in DNA damage that remains unaltered by one hour of preceding exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Brown
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB. .,School of Nursing & Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL.
| | - Conor M McClean
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
| | - John C W Brown
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport & Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB
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12
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Wang A, Han TL, Chen Z, Zhou X, Yu X, Qi H, Baker PN, Zhang H. Metabolic analysis of adipose tissues in a rodent model of pre-pregnancy maternal obesity combined with offsprings on high-carbohydrate diet. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:29-38. [PMID: 31071317 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with adverse effects on the health of offsprings. Consumption of a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet has been found to promote abnormal fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue. Therefore, we hypothesised that maternal obesity combined with an offspring HC diet would alter the fatty acid metabolism of adipose tissue and subsequently contribute to offspring obesity. Leprdb/+ mice were used to model pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and the C57BL/6 wildtype were used as a control group. Offspring were fed either HC diet or a normal-carbohydrate (NC) diet after weaning. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) were collected from offspring at 20 weeks of age and their fatty acid metabolome was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that HC diet increased the body weight of offspring (males increased by 14.70% and females increased by 1.05%) compared to control mothers. However, maternal obesity alone caused a 7.9% body weight increase in female offspring. Maternal obesity combined with an offspring HC diet resulted in dynamic alterations of the fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue in male offspring. Under the impact of a HC diet, the fatty acid metabolome was solely elevated in female WAT, whereas, the fatty acid metabolites in BAT showed a similar trend in the male and female offsprings. 6,9-octadecadienoic acid and 12,15-cis-octadecatrienoic acid were significantly affected in female WAT, in response to offspring consumption of a HC diet. Our study demonstrated that maternal obesity and offspring HC diet have different metabolic effects on adipose tissue in male and female offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Qiao Hospital, The Second Medical College of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Patik JC, Tucker WJ, Curtis BM, Nelson MD, Nasirian A, Park S, Brothers RM. Fast-food meal reduces peripheral artery endothelial function but not cerebral vascular hypercapnic reactivity in healthy young men. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13867. [PMID: 30221831 PMCID: PMC6139709 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a representative fast-food meal (FFMeal) acutely impairs peripheral conduit artery vascular function; however, the effect on cerebral vascular function remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that a FFMeal would impair cerebral vascular function as indexed by an attenuated increase in cerebral vascular conductance (CVCI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during a hypercapnic challenge. Ten healthy men (age: 24 ± 3 years, BMI: 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2 ) were studied under two conditions; a standardized FFMeal (990 kcals, 50% fat, 36% carbohydrate, 14% protein, and 2120 mg sodium) and a fasting control condition. Basal hemodynamics, cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVMR), and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BA FMD) were completed after an overnight fast (Pre) and again 2 h and 4 h later both days. To assess CVMR, subjects rebreathed from a 5-L bag while MCA velocity (MCAVmean ) was measured using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound and converted into CVCI (MCAVmean /mean arterial pressure). Peripheral artery endothelial function was assessed via BA FMD following a standard 5-min occlusion protocol. As expected, BA FMD was reduced at 2 h (Pre: 6.6 ± 1.7% vs. 5.2 ± 1.8%, P = 0.01). However, despite significant impairment in BA FMD, neither peak CVCI%baseline nor CVMR was affected by the FFMeal (Control-Pre: 1.9 ± 1.1, 2 h: 2.1 ± 1.1, 4 h: 1.7 ± 1.1 ∆CVCI%·∆PET CO2-1 vs. FFMeal-Pre: 2.1 ± 1.1, 2 h: 2.2 ± 0.7, 4 h: 1.9 ± 0.9 ∆CVCI%·∆PET CO2-1 , time × condition P = 0.88). These results suggest that cerebral vascular reactivity to hypercapnia in healthy young men is not altered by an acute FFMeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C. Patik
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Wesley J. Tucker
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Bryon M. Curtis
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Michael D. Nelson
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Aida Nasirian
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Suwon Park
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Robert M. Brothers
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
- College of Nursing and Health InnovationThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
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De Lorenzo A, Van Bavel D, de Moraes R, Tibiriça EV. High-intensity interval training or continuous training, combined or not with fasting, in obese or overweight women with cardiometabolic risk factors: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019304. [PMID: 29705753 PMCID: PMC5931292 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical inactivity and increased caloric intake play important roles in the pathophysiology of obesity. Increasing physical activity and modifying eating behaviours are first-line interventions, frequently hampered by lack of time to exercise and difficulties in coping with different diets. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a time-efficient method compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (CT). Conversely, diets with a fasting component may be more effective than other complex and restrictive diets, as it essentially limits caloric intake to a specified period without major diet composition changes. Therefore, the combination of HIIT and fasting may provide incremental benefits in terms of effectiveness and time efficiency in obese and sedentary populations. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of HIIT versus CT, combined or not with fasting, on microcirculatory function, cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometric indices, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in a population of sedentary overweight or obese women with cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Sedentary women aged 30-50 years, with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and cardiometabolic risk factors, will be randomised to HIIT performed in the fasting state, HIIT performed in the fed state, CT in the fasting state or CT in the fed state. Cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometric indices, cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life and microvascular function (cutaneous capillary density and microvascular reactivity evaluated by laser speckle contrast imaging) will be evaluated before initiation of the interventions and 16 weeks thereafter. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the local ethics committee (Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). All patients provide written informed consent before enrolment and randomisation. The study's results will be disseminated to the healthcare community by publications and presentations at scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03236285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Lorenzo
- Research and Teaching Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Van Bavel
- Research and Teaching Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roger de Moraes
- Physical Education Department, Estacio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V Tibiriça
- Research and Teaching Department, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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