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Sun L, Francis DJ, Nagai Y, Yoshida H. Early development of saliency-driven attention through object manipulation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104124. [PMID: 38232506 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In the first years of life, infants progressively develop attention selection skills to gather information from visually clustered environments. As young as newborns, infants are sensitive to the distinguished differences in color, orientation, and luminance, which are the components of visual saliency. However, we know little about how saliency-driven attention emerges and develops socially through everyday free-viewing experiences. The present work assessed the saliency change in infants' egocentric scenes and investigated the impacts of manual engagements on infant object looking in the interactive context of object play. Thirty parent-infant dyads, including infants in two age groups (younger: 3- to 6-month-old; older: 9- to 12-month-old), completed a brief session of object play. Infants' looking behaviors were recorded by the head-mounted eye-tracking gear, and both parents' and infants' manual actions on objects were annotated separately for analyses. The present findings revealed distinct attention mechanisms that underlie the hand-eye coordination between parents and infants and within infants during object play: younger infants are predominantly biased toward the characteristics of the visual saliency accompanying the parent's handled actions on the objects; on the other hand, older infants gradually employed more attention to the object, regardless of the saliency in view, as they gained more self-generated manual actions. Taken together, the present work highlights the tight coordination between visual experiences and sensorimotor competence and proposes a novel dyadic pathway to sustained attention that social sensitivity to parents' hands emerges through saliency-driven attention, preparing infants to focus, follow, and steadily track moving targets in free-flow viewing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX, United States.
| | - David J Francis
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hanako Yoshida
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX, United States.
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Kobayashi R, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Okamoto T, Hashimoto Y, Sato K, Seki S, Hata U, Esaki K, Tanigawa R, Mitsuoka A, Funaki A, Niki Y, Hashiguchi T, Negoro H. Habitual isomaltulose intake reduces arterial stiffness associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in middle-aged and elderly people: a randomized controlled trial. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:123-134. [PMID: 37777673 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), produced by vascular endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of vascular tone. Isomaltulose, a naturally occurring sweetener and structural isomer of sucrose, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia, but its effect on arteriosclerosis due to hyperglycemia is unknown. The effects of 12 weeks of isomaltulose administration on ET-1 levels, a peptide that regulates arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and vascular tone, were tested before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. Fifty-four healthy middle-aged and older adults (30 men and 24 women) were divided into two groups: (1) a 25 g isomaltulose jelly drink intake group (Group I, 27 participants, mean age 55 ± 1 years) and (2) a sucrose jelly drink intake group (Group S, 27 participants, mean age 55 ± 1 years), each consuming isomaltulose or sucrose daily for 12 weeks, and a randomized, controlled study was conducted. Participants visited the laboratory before the intervention and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the intervention to measure carotid-femoral (cf) and brachial-ankle (ba) pulse wave velocity (PWV), systolic blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose (PG), insulin, and ET-1 levels before and 60 and 120 min after a 75-g OGTT. baPWV, and ET-1 levels before intervention were significantly increased after 75-g OGTT compared to before 75-g OGTT in both groups (p < 0.05). The post-intervention baPWV, and ET-1 levels were significantly increased after 75-g OGTT in Group S compared to before 75-g OGTT (p < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed in Group I. These results suggest that consumption of isomaltulose, which has a lower GI than sucrose, is more effective in preventing the increases in systemic arterial stiffness associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of Natural & Environmental Science, Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senju, Sakuragi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-0045, Japan.
| | - Miki Sakazaki
- Life Energy Business Development Unit, Mitsui DM Group R&D Center, Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd., 2-28-7 Kamiochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 161-0034, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Life Energy Business Development Unit, Mitsui DM Group R&D Center, Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd., 2-28-7 Kamiochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 161-0034, Japan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Health and Physical Education Program, International Christian University, 3-10-2, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-0015, Japan
| | - Shotaro Seki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Urara Hata
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Kazuki Esaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Ryuya Tanigawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Amane Mitsuoka
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Akiko Funaki
- Department of Judo Therapy, Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara-shi, Yamanashi, 409-0193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Niki
- Department of Sport Management, Shobi University, 1-1-1 Toyodacho, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-1110, Japan
| | - Takeo Hashiguchi
- Department of School Education, Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senju, Sakuragi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-0045, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Negoro
- Department of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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Yamamoto N, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Shoji M, Kawashima R. The effects of palatinose on attention and cerebral blood flow in healthy adults: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148553. [PMID: 37633356 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary energy source for the brain is glucose, and a continuous supply is required for the brain to work longer. This study aimed to verify the effects of palatinose on attention and cerebral blood flow in healthy adults. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study included 64 healthy Japanese adults. Participants performed the Digit Vigilance Task (DVT) 60 min pre-ingestion (14:00) and 0 (15:00), 60 (16:00), 120 (17:00), and 180 (18:00) min after ingestion of 10 g of either palatinose or glucose. Cerebral blood flow was measured using a wearable 2CH functional near-infrared spectrometer (fNIRS) during each DVT. The participants underwent the Uchida-Kraepelin (UK) test between each DVT to control for fatigue. RESULTS DVT reaction times with palatinose intake were significantly shorter than those with glucose intake at 16:00, 17:00, and 18:00 (p = 0.0015, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The change in cerebral blood flow as a function of total hemoglobin level was significantly higher in the palatinose group than in the glucose group (p = 0.018). Regarding the post-UK mood questionnaire, "physically fatigued" and "annoyed" were significantly lower in the palatinose intake group compared to the glucose intake group at 17:00 (p = 0.0445 and p = 0.0318, respectively). Furthermore, "physically fatigued" was significantly lower, and "seriously" was higher in the palatinose intake compared to the glucose intake group at 18:00 (p = 0.00652 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 10 g of palatinose has favorable effects on attention and cerebral blood flow. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000046182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Yamamoto
- Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd., 2-28-7, Kamiochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-0034, Japan.
| | - Miki Sakazaki
- Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd., 2-28-7, Kamiochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-0034, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Mitsui DM Sugar Co., Ltd., 2-28-7, Kamiochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-0034, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- NeU Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0048, Japan; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0872, Japan
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4
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Daikoku T, Kumagaya S, Ayaya S, Nagai Y. Non-autistic persons modulate their speech rhythm while talking to autistic individuals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285591. [PMID: 37768917 PMCID: PMC10538692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
How non-autistic persons modulate their speech rhythm while talking to autistic (AUT) individuals remains unclear. We investigated two types of phonological characteristics: (1) the frequency power of each prosodic, syllabic, and phonetic rhythm and (2) the dynamic interaction among these rhythms using speech between AUT and neurotypical (NT) individuals. Eight adults diagnosed with AUT (all men; age range, 24-44 years) and eight age-matched non-autistic NT adults (three women, five men; age range, 23-45 years) participated in this study. Six NT and eight AUT respondents were asked by one of the two NT questioners (both men) to share their recent experiences on 12 topics. We included 87 samples of AUT-directed speech (from an NT questioner to an AUT respondent), 72 of NT-directed speech (from an NT questioner to an NT respondent), 74 of AUT speech (from an AUT respondent to an NT questioner), and 55 of NT speech (from an NT respondent to an NT questioner). We found similarities between AUT speech and AUT-directed speech, and between NT speech and NT-directed speech. Prosody and interactions between prosodic, syllabic, and phonetic rhythms were significantly weaker in AUT-directed and AUT speech than in NT-directed and NT speech, respectively. AUT speech showed weaker dynamic processing from higher to lower phonological bands (e.g. from prosody to syllable) than NT speech. Further, we found that the weaker the frequency power of prosody in NT and AUT respondents, the weaker the frequency power of prosody in NT questioners. This suggests that NT individuals spontaneously imitate speech rhythms of the NT and AUT interlocutor. Although the speech sample of questioners came from just two NT individuals, our findings may suggest the possibility that the phonological characteristics of a speaker influence those of the interlocutor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Daikoku
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kumagaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ayaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Abe K, Akhlaq N, Akutsu R, Ali A, Alonso Monsalve S, Alt C, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Arihara T, Asada Y, Ashida Y, Atkin ET, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barrow D, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M, Bench F, Berardi V, Berns L, Bhadra S, Blanchet A, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bonus T, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Bravar A, Bronner C, Bron S, Bubak A, Buizza Avanzini M, Caballero JA, Calabria NF, Cao S, Carabadjac D, Carter AJ, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Chakrani J, Cherdack D, Chong PS, Christodoulou G, Chvirova A, Cicerchia M, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cook L, Cudd A, Dalmazzone C, Daret T, Davydov YI, De Roeck A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Delogu CC, Densham C, Dergacheva A, Di Lodovico F, Dolan S, Douqa D, Doyle TA, Drapier O, Dumarchez J, Dunne P, Dygnarowicz K, Eguchi A, Emery-Schrenk S, Erofeev G, Ershova A, Eurin G, Fedorova D, Fedotov S, Feltre M, Finch AJ, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fiorillo G, Fitton MD, Franco Patiño JM, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda Y, Fusshoeller K, Giannessi L, Giganti C, Glagolev V, Gonin M, González Rosa J, Goodman EAG, Gorin A, Grassi M, Guigue M, Hadley DR, Haigh JT, Hamacher-Baumann P, Harris DA, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hassani S, Hastings NC, Hayato Y, Henaff D, Hiramoto A, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Holin A, Holvey T, Hong Van NT, Honjo T, Iacob F, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Ishida T, Ishitsuka M, Israel HT, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Izumi N, Jakkapu M, Jamieson B, Jenkins SJ, Jesús-Valls C, Jiang JJ, Jonsson P, Joshi S, Jung CK, Jurj PB, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Kasetti SP, Kataoka Y, Katayama Y, Katori T, Kawaue M, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kikawa T, Kikutani H, King S, Kiseeva V, Kisiel J, Kobata T, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Kodama S, Konaka A, Kormos LL, Koshio Y, Kostin A, Koto T, Kowalik K, Kudenko Y, Kudo Y, Kuribayashi S, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Kuze M, La Commara M, Labarga L, Lachner K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Lamers James M, Lamoureux M, Langella A, Laporte JF, Last D, Latham N, Laveder M, Lavitola L, Lawe M, Lee Y, Lin C, Lin SK, Litchfield RP, Liu SL, Li W, Longhin A, Long KR, Lopez Moreno A, Ludovici L, Lu X, Lux T, Machado LN, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Mandal M, Manly S, Marino AD, Marti-Magro L, Martin DGR, Martini M, Martin JF, Maruyama T, Matsubara T, Matveev V, Mauger C, Mavrokoridis K, Mazzucato E, McCauley N, McElwee J, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McKean J, Mefodiev A, Megias GD, Mehta P, Mellet L, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Miller E, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Miura M, Molina Bueno L, Moriyama S, Moriyama S, Morrison P, Mueller TA, Munford D, Munteanu L, Nagai K, Nagai Y, Nakadaira T, Nakagiri K, Nakahata M, Nakajima Y, Nakamura A, Nakamura H, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakano Y, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Naseby CER, Ngoc TV, Nguyen VQ, Niewczas K, Nishimori S, Nishimura Y, Nishizaki K, Nosek T, Nova F, Novella P, Nugent JC, O’Keeffe HM, O’Sullivan L, Odagawa T, Ogawa T, Okada R, Okinaga W, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Ospina N, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Paolone V, Pari M, Parlone J, Parsa S, Pasternak J, Pavin M, Payne D, Penn GC, Pershey D, Pickering L, Pidcott C, Pintaudi G, Pistillo C, Popov B, Porwit K, Posiadala-Zezula M, Prabhu YS, Pupilli F, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Radics B, Ramírez MA, Ratoff PN, Reh M, Riccio C, Rondio E, Roth S, Roy N, Rubbia A, Ruggeri AC, Ruggles CA, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Santucci G, Schloesser CM, Scholberg K, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaykina A, Shiozawa M, Shorrock W, Shvartsman A, Skrobova N, Skwarczynski K, Smyczek D, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Soler FJP, Sonoda Y, Speers AJ, Spina R, Suslov IA, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Sztuc AA, Tada M, Tairafune S, Takayasu S, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Takifuji K, Tanaka HK, Tanihara Y, Tani M, Teklu A, Tereshchenko VV, Teshima N, Thamm N, Thompson LF, Toki W, Touramanis C, Towstego T, Tsui KM, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vagins M, Vargas D, Varghese M, Vasseur G, Vilela C, Villa E, Vinning WGS, Virginet U, Vladisavljevic T, Wachala T, Walsh JG, Wang Y, Wan L, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wood K, Wret C, Xia J, Xu YH, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yanagisawa C, Yang G, Yano T, Yasutome K, Yershov N, Yevarouskaya U, Yokoyama M, Yoshimoto Y, Yoshimura N, Yu M, Zaki R, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zaremba K, Zarnecki G, Zhao X, Zhu T, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Zsoldos S. Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6×1021 protons on target. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:782. [PMID: 37680254 PMCID: PMC10480298 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in δ CP , and just below 2 σ using a flat prior in sin δ CP . When the external constraint on sin 2 θ 13 is removed, sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - N. Akhlaq
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R. Akutsu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - A. Ali
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Antonova
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Aoki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Arihara
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Asada
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Ashida
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. T. Atkin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Barbi
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - G. J. Barker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Barrow
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - F. Bench
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V. Berardi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - L. Berns
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Bhadra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Blanchet
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Blondel
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bonus
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Bordoni
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. B. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Bravar
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Bronner
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Bron
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - A. Bubak
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Buizza Avanzini
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. A. Caballero
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - N. F. Calabria
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S. Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - D. Carabadjac
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. J. Carter
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - S. L. Cartwright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. G. Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cervera
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Chakrani
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Cherdack
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. S. Chong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A. Chvirova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Cicerchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
| | - J. Coleman
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. Collazuol
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Cudd
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Dalmazzone
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - T. Daret
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yu. I. Davydov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G. De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - T. Dealtry
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C. C. Delogu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Densham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Dergacheva
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Di Lodovico
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D. Douqa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Doyle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - O. Drapier
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. Dumarchez
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Dunne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K. Dygnarowicz
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Eguchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Emery-Schrenk
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Erofeev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Ershova
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Fedorova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Fedotov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Feltre
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. J. Finch
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - G. Fiorillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. D. Fitton
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - J. M. Franco Patiño
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fujii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
| | - K. Fusshoeller
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Giannessi
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Giganti
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - V. Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - M. Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - J. González Rosa
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E. A. G. Goodman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Gorin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Grassi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Guigue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D. R. Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. T. Haigh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - D. A. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. Hartz
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Hassani
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. C. Hastings
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Hayato
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - D. Henaff
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Hiramoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Hogan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - J. Holeczek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Holin
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Holvey
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - N. T. Hong Van
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. Honjo
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - F. Iacob
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. K. Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - M. Ikeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - H. T. Israel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. Iwamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Izumi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - M. Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - B. Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. J. Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - J. J. Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - P. Jonsson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Joshi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. K. Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. B. Jurj
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Kabirnezhad
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. C. Kaboth
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Kajita
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Kakuno
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Kataoka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Katayama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T. Katori
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - M. Kawaue
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. Kearns
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Kikutani
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. King
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - V. Kiseeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - J. Kisiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - T. Kobata
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - L. Koch
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Kodama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - L. L. Kormos
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Koshio
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Kostin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Koto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kowalik
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Kudo
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - R. Kurjata
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - M. Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. La Commara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Labarga
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Lachner
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. Lagoda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. M. Lakshmi
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Lamers James
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Lamoureux
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Langella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J.-F. Laporte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Last
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M. Laveder
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Lavitola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Lawe
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. Lin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S.-K. Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - R. P. Litchfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. L. Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - W. Li
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Longhin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K. R. Long
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Lopez Moreno
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - L. Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - X. Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - L. N. Machado
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L. Magaletti
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - K. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Manly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - A. D. Marino
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - L. Marti-Magro
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - M. Martini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - J. F. Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T. Maruyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - T. Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - V. Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Mavrokoridis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. S. McFarland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - C. McGrew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - J. McKean
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. D. Megias
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P. Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Mellet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Metelko
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Mezzetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Miller
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - A. Minamino
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Mine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - M. Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Moriyama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. Morrison
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Th. A. Mueller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Munford
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Munteanu
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K. Nagai
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Nagai
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Nakahata
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. D. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Y. Nakano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Nakayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Nakaya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K. Nakayoshi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - T. V. Ngoc
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V. Q. Nguyen
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - K. Niewczas
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Nishimori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - K. Nishizaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Nosek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Nova
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Novella
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. C. Nugent
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | | | - L. O’Sullivan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Odagawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - R. Okada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - W. Okinaga
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Okumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - T. Okusawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Ospina
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. A. Owen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y. Oyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - V. Palladino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - M. Pari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Parlone
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Parsa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Pasternak
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - D. Payne
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. C. Penn
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - L. Pickering
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - C. Pidcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G. Pintaudi
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - C. Pistillo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Popov
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. Porwit
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Y. S. Prabhu
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Pupilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - B. Quilain
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - T. Radermacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - E. Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B. Radics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. A. Ramírez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - P. N. Ratoff
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M. Reh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Riccio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - E. Rondio
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Roth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Roy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Rubbia
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. C. Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C. A. Ruggles
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Rychter
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - F. Sánchez
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Santucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - C. M. Schloesser
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y. Seiya
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - T. Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - H. Sekiya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Sgalaberna
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Shaikhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Shaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Shaykina
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Shiozawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - W. Shorrock
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Shvartsman
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Skrobova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D. Smyczek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Smy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - J. T. Sobczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - H. Sobel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - F. J. P. Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y. Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A. J. Speers
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - R. Spina
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I. A. Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - S. Suvorov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - S. Y. Suzuki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - A. A. Sztuc
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Tada
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Tairafune
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Takayasu
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Takeuchi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - K. Takifuji
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - H. K. Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Tanihara
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M. Tani
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Teklu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | | | - N. Teshima
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Thamm
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L. F. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - W. Toki
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - C. Touramanis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Towstego
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. M. Tsui
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Tzanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Vagins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Varghese
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E. Villa
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Virginet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. G. Walsh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - L. Wan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Weber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Wendell
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. J. Wilking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. R. Wilson
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - C. Wret
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Xia
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Y.-H. Xu
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - K. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C. Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - G. Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - T. Yano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - K. Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - U. Yevarouskaya
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Yoshimura
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Yu
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - R. Zaki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Zalewska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. Zalipska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Zaremba
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Zarnecki
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - X. Zhao
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Zhu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Ziembicki
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. D. Zimmerman
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Zito
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Zsoldos
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - T2K Collaboration
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
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Tsujita M, Homma M, Kumagaya SI, Nagai Y. Comprehensive intervention for reducing stigma of autism spectrum disorders: Incorporating the experience of simulated autistic perception and social contact. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288586. [PMID: 37531327 PMCID: PMC10395970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a crucial factor leading to a lower quality of life for individuals with ASD. This research evaluated an intervention effect for the stigma through an experience of simulated autistic visual perception and video-based social contact. The intervention was conducted as an experiential workshop for the ASD simulator. Participants (N = 217; 156 women, 61 men; a mean age of 41.3) voluntarily attended the workshop. In the workshop, they received a short lecture on autistic perception, a simulated experience using the ASD simulator, a narrative video of individuals with ASD, and a group discussion. They completed the multidimensional attitudes scale, which was developed to measure four attitudes toward ASD: negative affect, calm, cognitions, and behaviors. The attitudes were measured three times: the period of registration with the workshop, during participation in the workshop, and six weeks after the workshop. With regard to the measure during participation in the workshop, attendees responded to the attitudes at the beginning or end of the workshop, to confirm whether attitudes changes were attributed to the effectiveness of the intervention or artifacts resulting from participation in the workshop. A significant reduction was observed in negative affective attitudes at the end of the workshop and persisted even six weeks afterward, even though not observed in calm, cognitive, and behavioral attitudes. Our findings suggest that implementation of our intervention can bring about reduction of the stigma associated with ASD. Further studies with a random sampling method are needed to validate its generalizability and elaborate the components of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tsujita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Homma
- LITALICO Laboratory, LITALICO Inc., Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kumagaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Onuma N, Shindo D, Matsuo E, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Yamanaka K. Pre-exercise isomaltulose intake affects carbohydrate oxidation reduction during endurance exercise and maximal power output in the subsequent Wingate test. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:89. [PMID: 37488656 PMCID: PMC10364385 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingestion of low-glycemic index (GI) isomaltulose (ISO) not only suppresses subsequent carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation but also inversely retains more CHO after prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, ISO intake may affect anaerobic power output after prolonged endurance exercise. This study aimed to clarify the time course of CHO utilization during endurance exercise after a single intake of ISO or sucrose (SUC) and the anaerobic power output at the end of endurance exercise. METHODS After an intake of either ISO or SUC, 13 athletes were kept at rest for 60 min. Thereafter, they performed a 90-min of treadmill running at their individual target level of % [Formula: see text]max. During the experimental session, the expired gas was recorded, and the energy expenditure (EE) and CHO oxidation rate were estimated. Immediately after 90 min of running, a 30-s Wingate test was performed, and the maximal anaerobic power output was compared between the ISO and SUC conditions. RESULTS The percentage of CHO-derived EE increased rapidly after CHO intake and then decreased gradually throughout the experiment. The slopes of the regression lines calculated from the time course in the CHO-derived EE were significantly (negatively) larger in the SUC condition (-19.4 ± 9.6 [%/h]) than in the ISO condition (-13.3 ± 7.5 [%/h]). Furthermore, the maximal power output in the Wingate test immediately after the endurance exercise was significantly higher in the ISO condition than in the SUC condition (peak power: 12.0 ± 0.6 vs. 11.5 ± 0.9 [W/kg]). CONCLUSION Compared with SUC intake, ISO intake does not produce an abrupt decline in the percentage of CHO-derived EE during prolonged endurance exercise; it remains relatively high until the final exercise phase. Additionally, anaerobic power output at the end of the exercise, largely contributed by anaerobic glycolysis, was greater after ISO intake than after SUC intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Onuma
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shindo
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Matsuo
- College of Sports Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Philippsen A, Tsuji S, Nagai Y. Quantifying developmental and individual differences in spontaneous drawing completion among children. Front Psychol 2022; 13:783446. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.783446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how children's drawings can provide insights into their cognitive development. It can be challenging to quantify the diversity of children's drawings across their developmental stages as well as between individuals. This study observed children's representational drawing ability by conducting a completion task where children could freely draw on partially drawn objects, and quantitatively analyzed differences in children's drawing tendencies across age and between individuals. First, we conducted preregistered analyses, based on crowd-sourced adult ratings, to investigate the differences of drawing style with the age and autistic traits of the children, where the latter was inspired by reports of atypical drawing among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Additionally, the drawings were quantified using feature representations extracted with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), which allowed an analysis of the drawings at different perceptual levels (i.e., local or global). Findings revealed a decrease in scribbling and an increase in completion behavior with increasing age. However, no correlation between drawing behavior and autistic traits was found. The network analysis demonstrated that older children adapted to the presented stimuli in a more adult-like manner than younger children. Furthermore, ways to quantify individual differences in how children adapt to the presented stimuli are explored. Based on the predictive coding theory as a unified theory of how perception and behavior might emerge from integrating sensations and predictions, we suggest that our analyses may open up new possibilities for investigating children's cognitive development.
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9
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Sakuma R, Nagai Y, Nakajima H, Lin KT, Kajihara Y. Passive dual-probe near-field microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113708. [PMID: 36461468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and simultaneous multiposition near-field measurements are essential to study the time-dependent local dynamics, including heat and carrier transfer. The existing passive long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) systems with a single probe cannot perform precise near-field measurements of the heat or carrier transporting process at the nanoscale level. Therefore, in this study, we developed a passive LWIR s-SNOM system with two probes. To test the effectiveness of the proposed passive LWIR dual-probe s-SNOM system, each probe was precisely controlled using a shear-force feedback system, and the mechanical interference between the probes was used to monitor the distance between the probes. We achieved simultaneous near-field measurements at two different positions 500 nm apart using the proposed passive LWIR dual-probe s-SNOM system. The simultaneously detected near-field signals from two different points were extracted individually, making this technique an effective nanoscale analysis tool for local carrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakuma
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Y Nagai
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - H Nakajima
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - K-T Lin
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Y Kajihara
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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10
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Tamaki S, Nagai Y, Shutta R, Masuda D, Yamashita S, Seo M, Yamada T, Yano M, Hayashi T, Yasumura Y, Hikoso S, Sotomi Y, Sakata Y. Relation of lymphopenia to comorbidity burden and its prognostic value in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a multicentre study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Systemic inflammation resulting from comorbidities is postulated to play a central role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Lymphopenia is a common manifestation of systemic inflammation and a prognostic factor in patients with HF. However, the association of lymphopenia with the comorbidity burden is unknown, and its prognostic value in patients with HFpEF admitted due to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) also remains elusive.
Purpose
We sought to clarify the relation of lymphopenia with the comorbidity burden, as well as its prognostic value and complementarity with the Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score in ADHF patients with HFpEF.
Methods
Patients' data were extracted from the Prospective mUlticenteR obServational stUdy of patIenTs with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (PURSUIT-HFpEF), which is a prospective multicentre registry for patients with ADHF with a LVEF ≥50%. We analysed data of patients admitted between June 2016 and December 2020 who survived to discharge. The total lymphocyte count (per μL) and GWTG-HF risk score were obtained on admission, as previously reported. Comorbidity burden was defined as the number of comorbidities from the following: atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anaemia, and obesity. The study endpoint was all-cause death.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 417 days, 181 of the 1013 included patients died. The proportion of patients with a total lymphocyte count in the lowest tertile was increasing with the increase in comorbidity burden (Figure 1). In the multivariate Cox analysis, a total lymphocyte count in the intermediate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.41, p=0.0486) and lowest tertile (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.47–3.38, p=0.0002) was independently associated with all-cause death. There was a significant difference in the all-cause death rate among the groups stratified by total lymphocyte count tertile (Figure 2). The total lymphocyte count had a higher C-statistic value (0.627) for the prediction of all-cause death than the GWTG-HF risk score, and the C-statistic value of the GWTG-HF risk score was improved when the total lymphocyte count was added (0.613 to 0.636, p=0.0260).
Conclusions
Lymphopenia was significantly associated with comorbidity burden. Furthermore, it was a useful marker of poor prognosis in hospitalised patients with acute HFpEF and was shown to be complementary to the contemporary HF prognostic score.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Roche Diagnostics K.K.Fuji Film Toyama Chemical Co. Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamaki
- Rinku General Medical Center , Izumisano , Japan
| | - Y Nagai
- Rinku General Medical Center , Izumisano , Japan
| | - R Shutta
- Rinku General Medical Center , Izumisano , Japan
| | - D Masuda
- Rinku General Medical Center , Izumisano , Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Rinku General Medical Center , Izumisano , Japan
| | - M Seo
- Osaka General Medical Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Osaka General Medical Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - M Yano
- Osaka Rosai Hospital , Sakai , Japan
| | - T Hayashi
- Osaka Police Hospital , Osaka , Japan
| | - Y Yasumura
- Amagasaki Chuo Hospital , Amagasaki , Japan
| | - S Hikoso
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Japan
| | - Y Sotomi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Japan
| | - Y Sakata
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Japan
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11
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Sciutti A, Barros P, Castellano G, Nagai Y. Editorial: Affective shared perception. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:1024267. [PMID: 36159089 PMCID: PMC9504656 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1024267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sciutti
- Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies (CONTACT) Unit, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Sciutti
| | - Pablo Barros
- Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies (CONTACT) Unit, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ginevra Castellano
- Uppsala Social Robotics Lab, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Tsfasman M, Philippsen A, Mazzola C, Thill S, Sciutti A, Nagai Y. The world seems different in a social context: A neural network analysis of human experimental data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273643. [PMID: 36040911 PMCID: PMC9426934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perception and behavior are affected by the situational context, in particular during social interactions. A recent study demonstrated that humans perceive visual stimuli differently depending on whether they do the task by themselves or together with a robot. Specifically, it was found that the central tendency effect is stronger in social than in non-social task settings. The particular nature of such behavioral changes induced by social interaction, and their underlying cognitive processes in the human brain are, however, still not well understood. In this paper, we address this question by training an artificial neural network inspired by the predictive coding theory on the above behavioral data set. Using this computational model, we investigate whether the change in behavior that was caused by the situational context in the human experiment could be explained by continuous modifications of a parameter expressing how strongly sensory and prior information affect perception. We demonstrate that it is possible to replicate human behavioral data in both individual and social task settings by modifying the precision of prior and sensory signals, indicating that social and non-social task settings might in fact exist on a continuum. At the same time, an analysis of the neural activation traces of the trained networks provides evidence that information is coded in fundamentally different ways in the network in the individual and in the social conditions. Our results emphasize the importance of computational replications of behavioral data for generating hypotheses on the underlying cognitive mechanisms of shared perception and may provide inspiration for follow-up studies in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsfasman
- Interactive Intelligence Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Artificial Intelligence Department, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anja Philippsen
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlo Mazzola
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- DIBRIS, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Serge Thill
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Sciutti
- Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Philippsen A, Tsuji S, Nagai Y. Simulating Developmental and Individual Differences of Drawing Behavior in Children Using a Predictive Coding Model. Front Neurorobot 2022; 16:856184. [PMID: 35795004 PMCID: PMC9251405 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.856184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive coding has recently been proposed as a mechanistic approach to explain human perception and behavior based on the integration of perceptual stimuli (bottom-up information) and the predictions about the world based on previous experience (top-down information). However, the gap between the computational accounts of cognition and evidence of behavioral studies remains large. In this study, we used a computational model of drawing based on the mechanisms of predictive coding to systematically investigate the effects of the precision of top-down and bottom-up information when performing a drawing completion task. The results indicated that sufficient precision of both signals was required for the successful completion of the stimuli and that a reduced precision in either sensory or prediction (i.e., prior) information led to different types of atypical drawing behavior. We compared the drawings produced by our model to a dataset of drawings created by children aged between 2 and 8 years old who drew on incomplete drawings. This comparison revealed that a gradual increase in children's precision of top-down and bottom-up information as they develop effectively explains the observed change of drawing style from scribbling toward representational drawing. Furthermore, individual differences that are prevalent in children's drawings, might arise from different developmental pathways regarding the precision of these two signals. Based on these findings we propose a theory of how both general and individual development of drawing could be explained in a unified manner within the framework of predictive coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Philippsen
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Anja Philippsen
| | - Sho Tsuji
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D'Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Elagin A, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Farrington S, Fernández Ramos JP, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, González López O, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grosso-Pilcher C, Guimaraes da Costa J, Hahn SR, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim SB, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Kimura N, Kirby M, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen AT, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee HS, Lee JS, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Lucà A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Menzione A, Mesropian C, Miao T, Michielin E, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Redondo Fernández I, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner JL, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Song H, Sorin V, St Denis R, Stancari M, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vázquez F, Velev G, Vellidis K, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizán J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang SM, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wilbur S, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfmeister H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Zanetti AM, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S. High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector. Science 2022; 376:170-176. [PMID: 35389814 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, MW, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain [Formula: see text], the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Aaltonen
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Amerio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Amidei
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Anastassov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Annovi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Antos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - G Apollinari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J A Appel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - A Artikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - J Asaadi
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W Ashmanskas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - B Auerbach
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - A Aurisano
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - W Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - T Bae
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A Barbaro-Galtieri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - V E Barnes
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - B A Barnett
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - P Barria
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - P Bartos
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Bauce
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Bedeschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Behari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Bellettini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Bellinger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - A Beretvas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K R Bland
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - B Blumenfeld
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - A Bocci
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - A Bodek
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - D Bortoletto
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Boudreau
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - A Boveia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - L Brigliadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E Brucken
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Budagov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - H S Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - K Burkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Busetto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Bussey
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - P Butti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Buzatu
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - A Calamba
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - S Camarda
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - B Carls
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - D Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R Carosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Carrillo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - B Casal
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Casarsa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Castro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Catastini
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D Cauz
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - V Cavaliere
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A Cerri
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - L Cerrito
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Y C Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - M Chertok
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - G Chiarelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Chlachidze
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Cho
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - D Chokheli
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - A Clark
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - C Clarke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Conway
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Corbo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Cordelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C A Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D J Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Cremonesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Cruz
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - J Cuevas
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - R Culbertson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N d'Ascenzo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Datta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P de Barbaro
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - L Demortier
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Deninno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M D'Errico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Devoto
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Di Canto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Di Ruzza
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - S Donati
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M D'Onofrio
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - M Dorigo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Driutti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Ebina
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - R Edgar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Elagin
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Erbacher
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Errede
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B Esham
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - J P Fernández Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Field
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G Flanagan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - R Forrest
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Franklin
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J C Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - H Frisch
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - C Galloni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P Garosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Gerberich
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - E Gerchtein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Giagu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Giakoumopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - K Gibson
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - C M Ginsburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N Giokaris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - P Giromini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - D Glenzinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - D Goldin
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - A Golossanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Gomez
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | | | - M Goncharov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - O González López
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gorelov
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - K Goulianos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E Gramellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Grosso-Pilcher
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - S R Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Y Han
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - F Happacher
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - K Hara
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Hare
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - R F Harr
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | - C Hays
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - J Heinrich
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Herndon
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Hocker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W Hopkins
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Hou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - R E Hughes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - U Husemann
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M Hussein
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Huston
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G Introzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.,University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M Iori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.,Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ivanov
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Jang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - B Jayatilaka
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Jindariani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Jones
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - K K Joo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Y Jun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T R Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Kambeitz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Kamon
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - P E Karchin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A Kasmi
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - W Ketchum
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J Keung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B Kilminster
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D H Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J E Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S H Kim
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S B Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - M Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Kondo
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - D J Kong
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J Konigsberg
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - M Kreps
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kroll
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Kruse
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - T Kuhr
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kurata
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A T Laasanen
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S Lammel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - K Lannon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G Latino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - S Leone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - E Lipeles
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Lister
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Q Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - T Liu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Lockwitz
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - A Loginov
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - D Lucchesi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - J Lueck
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Lujan
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - G Lungu
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Lys
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Lysak
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Malik
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - G Manca
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | | | - L Marchese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Margaroli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P Marino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Matera
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Mattson
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Mazzanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - R McNulty
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - A Mehta
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - P Mehtala
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Menzione
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Mesropian
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Michielin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Mietlicki
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Mitra
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - H Miyake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Moed
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - N Moggi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - C S Moon
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - R Moore
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M J Morello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mukherjee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Th Muller
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Murat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - M Mussini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Nachtman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Y Nagai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | | | - I Nakano
- Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - A Napier
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J Nett
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - T Nigmanov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - L Nodulman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Y Noh
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - O Norniella
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - L Oakes
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - S H Oh
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Y D Oh
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - T Okusawa
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - R Orava
- Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Ortolan
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - C Pagliarone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Palencia
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - P Palni
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - V Papadimitriou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - W Parker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G Pauletta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Paulini
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - C Paus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - G Piacentino
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Pianori
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Pilot
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Pitts
- University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C Plager
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - L Pondrom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Poprocki
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Potamianos
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Pranko
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Prokoshin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - F Ptohos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Punzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Redondo Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Renton
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - M Rescigno
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Rimondi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ristori
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Robson
- Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - T Rodriguez
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Rolli
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - M Ronzani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Roser
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J L Rosner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - F Ruffini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Russ
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V Rusu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - W K Sakumoto
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - L Santi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - K Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - V Saveliev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - A Savoy-Navarro
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E E Schmidt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - T Schwarz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Scodellaro
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - F Scuri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Seidel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Y Seiya
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - A Semenov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - F Sforza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Z Shalhout
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - T Shears
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - P F Shepard
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - M Shimojima
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - M Shochet
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - I Shreyber-Tecker
- Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A Simonenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - K Sliwa
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J R Smith
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - H Song
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - V Sorin
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - M Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Stentz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Strologas
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Y Sudo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - A Sukhanov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - I Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna RU-141980, Russia
| | - K Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Tecchio
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P K Teng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - J Thom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - E Thomson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - V Thukral
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - D Toback
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - S Tokar
- Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - K Tollefson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Tomura
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Torre
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - D Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - P Totaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Trovato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ukegawa
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - S Uozumi
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - F Vázquez
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G Velev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Vellidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - C Vernieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Vidal
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Vizán
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Vogel
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - G Volpi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Wagner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R Wallny
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
| | - D Waters
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - W C Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - D Whiteson
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A B Wicklund
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S Wilbur
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - H H Williams
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P Wilson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - B L Winer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P Wittich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - S Wolbers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | | | - T Wright
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - X Wu
- University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Wu
- Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - K Yamamoto
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Yamato
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - U K Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y C Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - W-M Yao
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G P Yeh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Yi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - J Yoh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - K Yorita
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - G B Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.,Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.,Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - A M Zanetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Y Zeng
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - C Zhou
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - S Zucchelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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15
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Taniguchi T, Nagai T, Shimoda S, Cangelosi A, Demiris Y, Matsuo Y, Doya K, Ogata T, Jamone L, Nagai Y, Ugur E, Mochihashi D, Unno Y, Okanoya K, Hashimoto T. Special issue on symbol emergence in robotics and cognitive systems (II). Adv Robot 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2022.2042892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenji Doya
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
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16
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Taniguchi T, Nagai T, Shimoda S, Cangelosi A, Demiris Y, Matsuo Y, Doya K, Ogata T, Jamone L, Nagai Y, Ugur E, Mochihashi D, Unno Y, Okanoya K, Hashimoto T. Special issue on Symbol Emergence in Robotics and Cognitive Systems (I). Adv Robot 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2022.2023401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenji Doya
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
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17
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Matsuzaki J, Kagitani-Shimono K, Aoki S, Hanaie R, Kato Y, Nakanishi M, Tatsumi A, Tominaga K, Yamamoto T, Nagai Y, Mohri I, Taniike M. Abnormal cortical responses elicited by audiovisual movies in patients with autism spectrum disorder with atypical sensory behavior: A magnetoencephalographic study. Brain Dev 2022; 44:81-94. [PMID: 34563417 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical sensory behavior disrupts behavioral adaptation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, neural correlates of sensory dysfunction using magnetoencephalography (MEG) remain unclear. METHOD We used MEG to measure the cortical activation elicited by visual (uni)/audiovisual (multisensory) movies in 46 children (7-14 years) were included in final analysis: 13 boys with atypical audiovisual behavior in ASD (AAV+), 10 without this condition, and 23 age-matched typically developing boys. RESULTS The AAV+ group demonstrated an increase in the cortical activation in the bilateral insula in response to unisensory movies and in the left occipital, right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS), and temporal regions to multisensory movies. These increased responses were correlated with severity of the sensory impairment. Increased theta-low gamma oscillations were observed in the rSTS in AAV+. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that AAV is attributed to atypical neural networks centered on the rSTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sho Aoki
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Hanaie
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakanishi
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aika Tatsumi
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Yamamoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Hsieh JJ, Nagai Y, Kumagaya SI, Ayaya S, Asada M. Atypical Auditory Perception Caused by Environmental Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Approach to the Evaluation of Self-Reports. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:888627. [PMID: 35770058 PMCID: PMC9236639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that atypical sensory perception is common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is considered a potential cause of social difficulties. Self-reports by individuals with ASD have provided great insights into atypical perception from the first-person point of view and indicated its dependence on the environment. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and environmental causes of atypical auditory perception in individuals with ASD. Qualitative data from subject reports are inappropriate for statistical analysis, and reporting subjective sensory experiences is not easy for every individual. To cope with such challenges, we employed audio signal processing methods to simulate the potential patterns of atypical auditory perception. The participants in our experiment were able to select and adjust the strength of the processing methods to manipulate the sounds in the videos to match their experiences. Thus, the strength of atypical perception was recorded quantitatively and then analyzed to assess its correlation with the audio-visual stimuli contained in the videos the participants observed. In total, 22 participants with ASD and 22 typically developed (TD) participants were recruited for the experiment. The results revealed several common patterns of atypical auditory perception: Louder sounds perceived in a quiet environment, noise perception induced by intense and unsteady audio-visual stimuli, and echo perception correlated with movement and variation in sound level. The ASD group reported atypical perceptions more frequently than the control group. However, similar environmental causes were shared by the ASD and TD groups. The results help us infer the potential neural and physiological mechanisms of sensory processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Jong Hsieh
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kumagaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ayaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,International Professional University of Technology in Osaka, Osaka, Japan.,Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Kobayashi R, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Asaki K, Hashiguchi T, Negoro H. Effects of Different Types of Carbohydrates on Arterial Stiffness: A Comparison of Isomaltulose and Sucrose. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124493. [PMID: 34960045 PMCID: PMC8707962 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness during acute hyperglycemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the type of carbohydrate that inhibits it is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of low-glycemic-index isomaltulose on arterial stiffness during hyperglycemia in middle-aged and older adults. Ten healthy middle-aged and older adult subjects orally ingested a solution containing 25 g of isomaltulose (ISI trial) and sucrose (SSI trial) in a crossover study. In the SSI trial, the brachial-ankle (ba) pulse wave velocity (PWV) increased 30, 60, and 90 min after ingestion compared with that before ingestion (p < 0.01); however, in the ISI trial, the baPWV did not change after ingestion compared with that before ingestion. Blood glucose levels 30 min after intake were lower in the ISI trial than in the SSI trial (p < 0.01). The baPWV and systolic blood pressure were positively correlated 90 min after isomaltulose and sucrose ingestion (r = 0.640, p < 0.05). These results indicate that isomaltulose intake inhibits an acute increase in arterial stiffness. The results of the present study may have significant clinical implications on the implementation of dietary programs for middle-aged and elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kobayashi
- Center for Fundamental Education, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-9193-3605
| | - Miki Sakazaki
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8423, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8423, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kenji Asaki
- Department of Tokyo Judo Therapy, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan;
| | - Takeo Hashiguchi
- Department of School Education, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Negoro
- Harvard PKD Center for Polycystic Kidney Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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20
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Horii T, Nagai Y. Active Inference Through Energy Minimization in Multimodal Affective Human-Robot Interaction. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:684401. [PMID: 34901166 PMCID: PMC8662315 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.684401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During communication, humans express their emotional states using various modalities (e.g., facial expressions and gestures), and they estimate the emotional states of others by paying attention to multimodal signals. To ensure that a communication robot with limited resources can pay attention to such multimodal signals, the main challenge involves selecting the most effective modalities among those expressed. In this study, we propose an active perception method that involves selecting the most informative modalities using a criterion based on energy minimization. This energy-based model can learn the probability of the network state using energy values, whereby a lower energy value represents a higher probability of the state. A multimodal deep belief network, which is an energy-based model, was employed to represent the relationships between the emotional states and multimodal sensory signals. Compared to other active perception methods, the proposed approach demonstrated improved accuracy using limited information in several contexts associated with affective human–robot interaction. We present the differences and advantages of our method compared to other methods through mathematical formulations using, for example, information gain as a criterion. Further, we evaluate performance of our method, as pertains to active inference, which is based on the free energy principle. Consequently, we establish that our method demonstrated superior performance in tasks associated with mutually correlated multimodal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Horii
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Friston K, Moran RJ, Nagai Y, Taniguchi T, Gomi H, Tenenbaum J. World model learning and inference. Neural Netw 2021; 144:573-590. [PMID: 34634605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding information processing in the brain-and creating general-purpose artificial intelligence-are long-standing aspirations of scientists and engineers worldwide. The distinctive features of human intelligence are high-level cognition and control in various interactions with the world including the self, which are not defined in advance and are vary over time. The challenge of building human-like intelligent machines, as well as progress in brain science and behavioural analyses, robotics, and their associated theoretical formalisations, speaks to the importance of the world-model learning and inference. In this article, after briefly surveying the history and challenges of internal model learning and probabilistic learning, we introduce the free energy principle, which provides a useful framework within which to consider neuronal computation and probabilistic world models. Next, we showcase examples of human behaviour and cognition explained under that principle. We then describe symbol emergence in the context of probabilistic modelling, as a topic at the frontiers of cognitive robotics. Lastly, we review recent progress in creating human-like intelligence by using novel probabilistic programming languages. The striking consensus that emerges from these studies is that probabilistic descriptions of learning and inference are powerful and effective ways to create human-like artificial intelligent machines and to understand intelligence in the context of how humans interact with their world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Rosalyn J Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tadahiro Taniguchi
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Gomi
- NTT Communication Science Labs., Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, Kanawaga, Japan.
| | - Josh Tenenbaum
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Asakura H, Nakahara Y, Nagai Y, Sakuraba Y. O-130 The influence of vaginal microbiota on frozen blastocyst implantation after transfer: a prospective study through next-generation 16S rRNA sequencing. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab126.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
A prospective study to investigate the relationship between the composition of vaginal microbiota through next-generation sequencing and the efficacy of single frozen blastocyst transfer in the same cycle.
Summary answer
Dominant presence of lactobacillus and other lactate producing microbes in the upper vagina was highly correlated with implantation of transferred blastocyst in this pilot study.
What is known already
Next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA detected microbes in the uterine cavity and recent studies indicated that dominant presence of Lactobacillus correlated highly with successful implantation of the transferred embryos. Aberrant vaginal microbiota has been known to cause poor obstetrical outcomes, however little is known for its effect on embryo implantation in assisted reproduction.
Study design, size, duration
A prospective study with 25 female subjects transferring a frozen blastocyst using autologous oocyte, over 14 months period in 2019-2020.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
25 female patients without tubal and uterine pathology and no history of multiple miscarriages and implantation failures were recruited with consent at a private ART clinic. Transdermal estrogen was used to prepare endometrium. Upper vaginal fluid was obtained in follicular phase of the the same cycle and analyzed through next-generation sequencing, but the result was reported after pregnancy confirmation. Single frozen blastocyst transfer and standard luteal phase support were performed. Institutional IRB approved the protocol.
Main results and the role of chance
The mean age was 36.2 y.o.(range 29-41 y.o.), and 14 gestational sacs (implantation rate 56%), and 3 miscarriage (21.4%) were observed. Next-generation sequencing for 16S rRNA revealed average 69.2% presence of Lactobacillus (0-100%) and average 78.0% (0.2-100%) lactate producing microbes (LPM: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus) in the vaginal fluid. Using 90% as cut-off, implantation rates were 11/15 (73.3%) and 3/10 (30%) with Lactobacillus dominant and non-dominant, 12/16 (75%) and 2/9 (22.2%) with LPM dominant and non-dominant microbiota, respectively. The difference in each group were not statistically significant. The relative risks for pregnancy were 2.63 (95%CI 1.03-6.67, P=0.04) for Lactobacillus and 3.11 (95%CI 1.24-7.79, P=0.02) for LPM. As for ROC analysis for embryo implantation and dominant microbes, AUC and associated criterion were 0.62 and 90.7% (sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 72.7%) for Lactobacillus, 0.69 and 96.6% (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 72.7%) for LPM, respectively. The difference of AUC was not significant (P=0.24).
Limitations, reasons for caution
Despite prospective nature of the study, small sample size limited the analytical power of the study. Aneuploidy screening was not performed to remove confounding factor.
Wider implications of the findings
Our pilot study revealed possible relationship between vaginal microbiota and embryo implantation. Dominance of Lactobacillus or other lactate producing microbes may be advantageous for successful ART. Sampling vaginal fluid for microbe analysis is less invasive than endometrial sampling and can obtain more abundant RNA with possible higher accuracy of analysis.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asakura
- Ohgimachi Ladeis’ Clinic, Reproductive Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakahara
- Ohgimachi Ladeis’ Clinic, Reproductive Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nagai
- Varinos- Inc., DNA Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sakuraba
- Varinos- Inc., DNA Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Bugur S, Oztop E, Nagai Y, Ugur E. Effect Regulated Projection of Robot’s Action Space for Production and Prediction of Manipulation Primitives Through Learning Progress and Predictability-Based Exploration. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2019.2933900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Daikoku T, Wiggins GA, Nagai Y. Statistical Properties of Musical Creativity: Roles of Hierarchy and Uncertainty in Statistical Learning. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640412. [PMID: 33958983 PMCID: PMC8093513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is part of human nature and is commonly understood as a phenomenon whereby something original and worthwhile is formed. Owing to this ability, humans can produce innovative information that often facilitates growth in our society. Creativity also contributes to esthetic and artistic productions, such as music and art. However, the mechanism by which creativity emerges in the brain remains debatable. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that statistical learning contributes to creativity. Statistical learning is an innate and implicit function of the human brain and is considered essential for brain development. Through statistical learning, humans can produce and comprehend structured information, such as music. It is thought that creativity is linked to acquired knowledge, but so-called "eureka" moments often occur unexpectedly under subconscious conditions, without the intention to use the acquired knowledge. Given that a creative moment is intrinsically implicit, we postulate that some types of creativity can be linked to implicit statistical knowledge in the brain. This article reviews neural and computational studies on how creativity emerges within the framework of statistical learning in the brain (i.e., statistical creativity). Here, we propose a hierarchical model of statistical learning: statistically chunking into a unit (hereafter and shallow statistical learning) and combining several units (hereafter and deep statistical learning). We suggest that deep statistical learning contributes dominantly to statistical creativity in music. Furthermore, the temporal dynamics of perceptual uncertainty can be another potential causal factor in statistical creativity. Considering that statistical learning is fundamental to brain development, we also discuss how typical versus atypical brain development modulates hierarchical statistical learning and statistical creativity. We believe that this review will shed light on the key roles of statistical learning in musical creativity and facilitate further investigation of how creativity emerges in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Daikoku
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Geraint A. Wiggins
- AI Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Sener MI, Nagai Y, Oztop E, Ugur E. Exploration with Intrinsic Motivation using Object-Action-Outcome Latent Space. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2021.3062728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Fujii S, Nagai Y, Hirata A. Classification of various types of sugar products by mineral composition. FSTR 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Fujii
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Akio Hirata
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
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27
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Abstract
Predictive coding is an emerging theoretical framework for explaining human perception and behavior. The proposed underlying mechanism is that signals encoding sensory information are integrated with signals representing the brain's prior prediction. Imbalance or aberrant precision of the two signals has been suggested as a potential cause for developmental disorders. Computational models may help to understand how such aberrant tendencies in prediction affect development and behavior. In this study, we used a computational approach to test the hypothesis that parametric modifications of prediction ability generate a spectrum of network representations that might reflect the spectrum from typical development to potential disorders. Specifically, we trained recurrent neural networks to draw simple figure trajectories, and found that altering reliance on sensory and prior signals during learning affected the networks' performance and the emergent internal representation. Specifically, both overly strong or weak reliance on predictions impaired network representations, but drawing performance did not always reflect this impairment. Thus, aberrant predictive coding causes asymmetries in behavioral output and internal representations. We discuss the findings in the context of autism spectrum disorder, where we hypothesize that too weak or too strong a reliance on predictions may be the cause of the large diversity of symptoms associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Philippsen
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Kawai Y, Oshima Y, Sasamoto Y, Nagai Y, Asada M. A Computational Model for Child Inferences of Word Meanings via Syntactic Categories for Different Ages and Languages. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2018.2883048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Sakazaki M, Miyasaka K, Nagai Y. The Effect of Palatinose on Inhibiting Postprandial Hyperglycemia: A Qualitative Systematic Review. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.67.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sakazaki
- Research Section, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Kiyoaki Miyasaka
- Research Section, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research Section, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
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30
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Feichtinger M, Urban L, Falch S, Nagai Y, Ulm PA, Hengstschläger M, Oberle A. Oxford Nanopore Sequenzierung zur Bestimmung des Endometrium-Mikrobioms. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Urban
- Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger
| | - S Falch
- Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger
| | - Y Nagai
- Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger
| | - P A Ulm
- Wunschbaby Institut Feichtinger
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31
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Abe K, Akutsu R, Ali A, Alt C, Andreopoulos C, Anthony L, Antonova M, Aoki S, Ariga A, Asada Y, Ashida Y, Atkin ET, Awataguchi Y, Ban S, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barrow D, Barry C, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M, Beloshapkin A, Bench F, Berardi V, Berkman S, Berns L, Bhadra S, Bienstock S, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bourguille B, Boyd SB, Brailsford D, Bravar A, Bravo Berguño D, Bronner C, Bubak A, Buizza Avanzini M, Calcutt J, Campbell T, Cao S, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Chappell A, Checchia C, Cherdack D, Chikuma N, Christodoulou G, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cook L, Coplowe D, Cudd A, Dabrowska A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Denner PF, Dennis SR, Densham C, Di Lodovico F, Dokania N, Dolan S, Doyle TA, Drapier O, Dumarchez J, Dunne P, Eklund L, Emery-Schrenk S, Ereditato A, Fernandez P, Feusels T, Finch AJ, Fiorentini GA, Fiorillo G, Francois C, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fujita R, Fukuda D, Fukuda R, Fukuda Y, Fusshoeller K, Gameil K, Giganti C, Golan T, Gonin M, Gorin A, Guigue M, Hadley DR, Haigh JT, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hastings NC, Hayashino T, Hayato Y, Hiramoto A, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Hong Van NT, Iacob F, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Ishida T, Ishii T, Ishitsuka M, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Jakkapu M, Jamieson B, Jenkins SJ, Jesús-Valls C, Jiang M, Johnson S, Jonsson P, Jung CK, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Karlen D, Kasetti SP, Kataoka Y, Katori T, Kato Y, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kikawa T, Kim H, Kim J, King S, Kisiel J, Knight A, Knox A, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Koga T, Konaka A, Kormos LL, Koshio Y, Kostin A, Kowalik K, Kubo H, Kudenko Y, Kukita N, Kuribayashi S, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Kuze M, Labarga L, Lagoda J, Lamoureux M, Laveder M, Lawe M, Licciardi M, Lindner T, Litchfield RP, Liu SL, Li X, Longhin A, Ludovici L, Lu X, Lux T, Machado LN, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Manly S, Maret L, Marino AD, Marti-Magro L, Martin JF, Maruyama T, Matsubara T, Matsushita K, Matveev V, Mavrokoridis K, Mazzucato E, McCarthy M, McCauley N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, Mefodiev A, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Miura M, Molina Bueno L, Moriyama S, Morrison J, Mueller TA, Munteanu L, Murphy S, Nagai Y, Nakadaira T, Nakahata M, Nakajima Y, Nakamura A, Nakamura KG, Nakamura K, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Nantais C, Ngoc TV, Niewczas K, Nishikawa K, Nishimura Y, Nonnenmacher TS, Nova F, Novella P, Nowak J, Nugent JC, O'Keeffe HM, O'Sullivan L, Odagawa T, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Oser SM, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Parker WC, Pasternak J, Paudyal P, Pavin M, Payne D, Penn GC, Pickering L, Pidcott C, Pintaudi G, Pinzon Guerra ES, Pistillo C, Popov B, Porwit K, Posiadala-Zezula M, Pritchard A, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Radics B, Ratoff PN, Reinherz-Aronis E, Riccio C, Rondio E, Roth S, Rubbia A, Ruggeri AC, Ruggles CA, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Schloesser CM, Scholberg K, Schwehr J, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shah R, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaykina A, Shiozawa M, Shorrock W, Shvartsman A, Smirnov A, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Soler FJP, Sonoda Y, Steinmann J, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Sztuc AA, Tada M, Tajima M, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Tanaka HK, Tanaka HA, Tanaka S, Thompson LF, Toki W, Touramanis C, Towstego T, Tsui KM, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Uno W, Vagins M, Valder S, Vallari Z, Vargas D, Vasseur G, Vilela C, Vinning WGS, Vladisavljevic T, Volkov VV, Wachala T, Walker J, Walsh JG, Wang Y, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wilson RJ, Wood K, Wret C, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Yanagisawa C, Yang G, Yano T, Yasutome K, Yen S, Yershov N, Yokoyama M, Yoshida T, Yu M, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zaremba K, Zarnecki G, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Zsoldos S, Zykova A. Search for Electron Antineutrino Appearance in a Long-Baseline Muon Antineutrino Beam. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:161802. [PMID: 32383902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam operation to constrain parameters of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. T2K observes 15 candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3 events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored with a significance of 2.40σ and no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abe
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - R Akutsu
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - A Ali
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C Alt
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - L Anthony
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Antonova
- IFIC (CSIC & University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - S Aoki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - A Ariga
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y Asada
- Yokohama National University, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Ashida
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E T Atkin
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Awataguchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ban
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Barbi
- University of Regina, Department of Physics, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - G J Barker
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - G Barr
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Barrow
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Barry
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Beloshapkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Bench
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V Berardi
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Bari, Italy
| | - S Berkman
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Berns
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Bhadra
- York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Bienstock
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
| | - A Blondel
- University of Geneva, Section de Physique, DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
| | | | - B Bourguille
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - S B Boyd
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Brailsford
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A Bravar
- University of Geneva, Section de Physique, DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Bravo Berguño
- University Autonoma Madrid, Department of Theoretical Physics, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Bronner
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A Bubak
- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Buizza Avanzini
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Calcutt
- Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - T Campbell
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - S Cao
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S L Cartwright
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - M G Catanesi
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Bari, Italy
| | - A Cervera
- IFIC (CSIC & University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Chappell
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Checchia
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - D Cherdack
- University of Houston, Department of Physics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - N Chikuma
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Christodoulou
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - J Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - G Collazuol
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - L Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Coplowe
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Cudd
- Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - A Dabrowska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - G De Rosa
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Fisica, Napoli, Italy
| | - T Dealtry
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - P F Denner
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S R Dennis
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Densham
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- King's College London, Department of Physics, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - N Dokania
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - S Dolan
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - T A Doyle
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - O Drapier
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Dumarchez
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
| | - P Dunne
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Eklund
- University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Ereditato
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Fernandez
- IFIC (CSIC & University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - T Feusels
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A J Finch
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - G A Fiorentini
- York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Fiorillo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Fisica, Napoli, Italy
| | - C Francois
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Fujii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - R Fujita
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Fukuda
- Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
| | - R Fukuda
- Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Fukuda
- Miyagi University of Education, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Fusshoeller
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Gameil
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Giganti
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
| | - T Golan
- Wroclaw University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Gonin
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Gorin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Guigue
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
| | - D R Hadley
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J T Haigh
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Hartz
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N C Hastings
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Hayashino
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Hayato
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A Hiramoto
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Hogan
- Colorado State University, Department of Physics, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Holeczek
- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland
| | - N T Hong Van
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - F Iacob
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - A K Ichikawa
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Ikeda
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Ishii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Ishitsuka
- Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Iwamoto
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Izmaylov
- IFIC (CSIC & University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - B Jamieson
- University of Winnipeg, Department of Physics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S J Jenkins
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - C Jesús-Valls
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - M Jiang
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Johnson
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - P Jonsson
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - C K Jung
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - M Kabirnezhad
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A C Kaboth
- Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - T Kajita
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - H Kakuno
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Kameda
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - D Karlen
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S P Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Y Kataoka
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T Katori
- King's College London, Department of Physics, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Kato
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - E Kearns
- Boston University, Department of Physics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Kikawa
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Kim
- Osaka City University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Kim
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S King
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Physics and Astronomy, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Kisiel
- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Knight
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Knox
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - T Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - L Koch
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Koga
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Konaka
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L L Kormos
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Y Koshio
- Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
| | - A Kostin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kowalik
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Kubo
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Kukita
- Osaka City University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kuribayashi
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Kurjata
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - M Kuze
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Labarga
- University Autonoma Madrid, Department of Theoretical Physics, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Lagoda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Lamoureux
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - M Laveder
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - M Lawe
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - M Licciardi
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
| | - T Lindner
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R P Litchfield
- University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S L Liu
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - X Li
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - A Longhin
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - L Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - X Lu
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Lux
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - L N Machado
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Fisica, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Magaletti
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Bari, Italy
| | - K Mahn
- Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - M Malek
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - S Manly
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - L Maret
- University of Geneva, Section de Physique, DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A D Marino
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - L Marti-Magro
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - J F Martin
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Maruyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Matsushita
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Mavrokoridis
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M McCarthy
- York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N McCauley
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K S McFarland
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C McGrew
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - A Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Metelko
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Mezzetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy
| | - A Minamino
- Yokohama National University, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama, Japan
| | - O Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Mine
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, California, USA
| | - M Miura
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - L Molina Bueno
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Moriyama
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - J Morrison
- Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Th A Mueller
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Munteanu
- IRFU, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Murphy
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y Nagai
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - T Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Nakahata
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A Nakamura
- Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama, Japan
| | - K G Nakamura
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Nakayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T Nakaya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Nakayoshi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - C Nantais
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T V Ngoc
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - K Niewczas
- Wroclaw University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K Nishikawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- Keio University, Department of Physics, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T S Nonnenmacher
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Nova
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - P Novella
- IFIC (CSIC & University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Nowak
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - J C Nugent
- University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H M O'Keeffe
- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - L O'Sullivan
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - T Odagawa
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Okumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - T Okusawa
- Osaka City University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan
| | - S M Oser
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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- Queen Mary University of London, School of Physics and Astronomy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Oyama
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- Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - J Pasternak
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
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- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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- Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - A Pritchard
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- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
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- IRFU, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
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- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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- Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
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- University of California, Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, California, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
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- IRFU, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, United Kingdom
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- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
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- University of Winnipeg, Department of Physics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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- Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - M O Wascko
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
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- Oxford University, Department of Physics, Oxford, United Kingdom
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
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- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Bern, Switzerland
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- King's College London, Department of Physics, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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- Colorado State University, Department of Physics, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, USA
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- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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- Osaka City University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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- University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
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- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan
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- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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- University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
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- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan
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- York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
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- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
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- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France
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- Queen Mary University of London, School of Physics and Astronomy, London, United Kingdom
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- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Abe K, Akutsu R, Ali A, Alt C, Andreopoulos C, Anthony L, Antonova M, Aoki S, Ariga A, Arihara T, Asada Y, Ashida Y, Atkin ET, Awataguchi Y, Ban S, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barrow D, Barry C, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M, Beloshapkin A, Bench F, Berardi V, Berkman S, Berns L, Bhadra S, Bienstock S, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bourguille B, Boyd SB, Brailsford D, Bravar A, Berguño DB, Bronner C, Bubak A, Avanzini MB, Calcutt J, Campbell T, Cao S, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Chappell A, Checchia C, Cherdack D, Chikuma N, Cicerchia M, Christodoulou G, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cook L, Coplowe D, Cudd A, Dabrowska A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Denner PF, Dennis SR, Densham C, Di Lodovico F, Dokania N, Dolan S, Doyle TA, Drapier O, Dumarchez J, Dunne P, Eguchi A, Eklund L, Emery-Schrenk S, Ereditato A, Fernandez P, Feusels T, Finch AJ, Fiorentini GA, Fiorillo G, Francois C, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fujita R, Fukuda D, Fukuda R, Fukuda Y, Fusshoeller K, Gameil K, Giganti C, Golan T, Gonin M, Gorin A, Guigue M, Hadley DR, Haigh JT, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hassani S, Hastings NC, Hayashino T, Hayato Y, Hiramoto A, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Hong Van NT, Iacob F, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Ishida T, Ishii T, Ishitsuka M, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Jakkapu M, Jamieson B, Jenkins SJ, Jesús-Valls C, Jiang M, Johnson S, Jonsson P, Jung CK, Junjie X, Jurj PB, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Karlen D, Kasetti SP, Kataoka Y, Katori T, Kato Y, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kikawa T, Kikutani H, Kim H, Kim J, King S, Kisiel J, Knight A, Knox A, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Koga T, Konaka A, Kormos LL, Koshio Y, Kostin A, Kowalik K, Kubo H, Kudenko Y, Kukita N, Kuribayashi S, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Kuze M, Labarga L, Lagoda J, Lamoureux M, Laveder M, Lawe M, Licciardi M, Lindner T, Litchfield RP, Liu SL, Li X, Longhin A, Ludovici L, Lu X, Lux T, Machado LN, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Manly S, Maret L, Marino AD, Marti-Magro L, Martin JF, Maruyama T, Matsubara T, Matsushita K, Matveev V, Mavrokoridis K, Mazzucato E, McCarthy M, McCauley N, McElwee J, McFarland KS, McGrew C, Mefodiev A, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Miura M, Bueno LM, Moriyama S, Morrison J, Mueller TA, Munteanu L, Murphy S, Nagai Y, Nakadaira T, Nakahata M, Nakajima Y, Nakamura A, Nakamura KG, Nakamura K, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Nantais C, Naseby CER, Ngoc TV, Niewczas K, Nishikawa K, Nishimura Y, Noah E, Nonnenmacher TS, Nova F, Novella P, Nowak J, Nugent JC, O’Keeffe HM, O’Sullivan L, Odagawa T, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Oser SM, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Pari M, Parker WC, Parsa S, Pasternak J, Paudyal P, Pavin M, Payne D, Penn GC, Pickering L, Pidcott C, Pintaudi G, Guerra ESP, Pistillo C, Popov B, Porwit K, Posiadala-Zezula M, Pritchard A, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Radics B, Ratoff PN, Reinherz-Aronis E, Riccio C, Rondio E, Roth S, Rubbia A, Ruggeri AC, Ruggles CA, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Santucci G, Schloesser CM, Scholberg K, Schwehr J, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shah R, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaykina A, Shiozawa M, Shorrock W, Shvartsman A, Smirnov A, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Soler FJP, Sonoda Y, Steinmann J, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Sztuc AA, Tada M, Tajima M, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Tanaka HK, Tanaka HA, Tanaka S, Thompson LF, Toki W, Touramanis C, Towstego T, Tsui KM, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Uno W, Vagins M, Valder S, Vallari Z, Vargas D, Vasseur G, Vilela C, Vinning WGS, Vladisavljevic T, Volkov VV, Wachala T, Walker J, Walsh JG, Wang Y, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wilson RJ, Wood K, Wret C, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Yanagisawa C, Yang G, Yano T, Yasutome K, Yen S, Yershov N, Yokoyama M, Yoshida T, Yu M, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zaremba K, Zarnecki G, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Zsoldos S, Zykova A. Constraint on the matter–antimatter symmetry-violating phase in neutrino oscillations. Nature 2020; 580:339-344. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
What is a fundamental ability for cognitive development? Although many researchers have been addressing this question, no shared understanding has been acquired yet. We propose that predictive learning of sensorimotor signals plays a key role in early cognitive development. The human brain is known to represent sensorimotor signals in a predictive manner, i.e. it attempts to minimize prediction error between incoming sensory signals and top–down prediction. We extend this view and suggest that two mechanisms for minimizing prediction error lead to the development of cognitive abilities during early infancy. The first mechanism is to update an immature predictor. The predictor must be trained through sensorimotor experiences because it does not inherently have prediction ability. The second mechanism is to execute an action anticipated by the predictor. Interacting with other individuals often increases prediction error, which can be minimized by executing one's own action corresponding to others’ action. Our experiments using robotic systems replicated developmental dynamics observed in infants. The capabilities of self–other cognition and goal-directed action were acquired based on the first mechanism, whereas imitation and prosocial behaviours emerged based on the second mechanism. Our theory further provides a potential mechanism for autism spectrum condition. Atypical tolerance for prediction error is hypothesized to be a cause of perceptual and social difficulties. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Nagai
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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Baba Y, Yagi T, Kosumi K, Okadome K, Nomoto D, Eto K, Hiyoshi Y, Nagai Y, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Komohara Y, Watanabe M, Baba H. Morphological lymphocytic reaction, patient prognosis and PD-1 expression after surgical resection for oesophageal cancer. Br J Surg 2020; 106:1352-1361. [PMID: 31414718 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as antibody against programmed cell death protein (PD-1), have demonstrated antitumour effects in patients with malignancies, including oesophageal cancer. A lymphocytic reaction observed by pathological examination is a manifestation of the host immune response to tumour cells. It was hypothesized that a stronger lymphocytic reaction to tumours might be associated with favourable prognosis in oesophageal cancer. METHODS Using a database of resected oesophageal cancers, four morphological components of lymphocytic reactions (peritumoral, intranest, lymphoid and stromal) to tumours were evaluated in relation to clinical outcome, PD-1 expression by immunohistochemistry and total lymphocyte count in blood. RESULTS Resected oesophageal cancer specimens from 436 patients were included in the study. Among the four morphological components, only peritumoral reaction was associated with patient prognosis (multivariable P for trend <0·001); patients with a higher peritumoral reaction had significantly longer overall survival than those with a lower reaction (multivariable hazard ratio 0·48, 95 per cent c.i. 0·34 to 0·67). The prognostic effect of peritumoral reaction was not significantly modified by other clinical variables (all P for interaction >0·050). Peritumoral reaction was associated with total lymphocyte count in the blood (P < 0·001), supporting the relationship between local immune response and systemic immune competence. In addition, higher morphological peritumoral reaction was associated with high PD-1 expression on lymphocytes in tumours (P = 0·034). CONCLUSION These findings should help to improve risk-adapted therapeutic strategies and help stratify patients in the future clinical setting of immunotherapy for oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan.,Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - T Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - K Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - K Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - D Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - K Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - Y Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - Y Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - T Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - M Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - S Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - Y Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - N Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - Y Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan.,Centre for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Ageing, Kumamoto University, Kumumato, Japan
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Lanillos P, Oliva D, Philippsen A, Yamashita Y, Nagai Y, Cheng G. A review on neural network models of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Neural Netw 2020; 122:338-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Fujii
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Akio Hirata
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
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Miyazaki K, Nagai Y. Predicting Sugar Caking Using Dynamic Vapor Sorption Isotherms. FSTR 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyazaki
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research Section, Research and Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
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Okada M, Nagai Y, Matoba S, Sakuraba Y, Sugimura S. 74 Analysis of chromosomal abnormality of bovine IVF embryos based on next-generation sequencing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that bovine IVF embryos have a higher frequency of occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities than invivo-fertilised embryos, which may explain low pregnancy success, but the details have not been clarified (Yao et al. 2018 Sci. Rep. 8, 7460). In this study, chromosomal aneuploidy in blastocysts of bovine IVF and invivo-fertilised was analysed by copy number variations (CNVs) based on next-generation sequencing. The IVF bovine embryos were cultured in well of-the-well culture dishes (LinKID micro25: Dai Nippon Printing) containing 125µL of CR1aa supplemented with 5% calf serum at 38.5°C in 5% O2 and 5% CO2 for 8 days after insemination. Invitro development of embryos was monitored using time-lapse cinematography (Sugimura et al. 2010 Biol. Reprod. 83, 970-78). Invivo embryos were produced by collection of a superstimulated Japanese Black cow. Embryos that reached the blastocyst stage were divided into inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) fractions by a micromanipulator with a blade. The TE and ICM samples were biopsied individually from 10 IVF and 4 invivo-derived embryos, and extracted DNA was amplified using the SurePlex DNA amplification System (Illumina). The whole-genome amplified DNA libraries were sequenced using MiSeq (Illumina). The sequencing reads were mapped onto the Bos taurus reference genome ARS-UCD1.2, obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. In all 29 autosomal chromosomes and the X chromosome, CNV analysis was performed by CNV-seq (Xie and Tammi 2009 BMC Bioinformatics 10, 80). Male or female Japanese Black cattle DNA sequence was used for the reference genome. The parameter of CNV-seq was run with P-value=0.001, log2=0.6, and window size=1M. Four IVF embryos showed chromosomal duplications or deletions in either ICM- or TE-cell samples (4/10, 40%). The CNV loci between ICM and TE cells were relatively similar in each embryo. One of them was a code 1-expanded blastocyst with normal cleavage. Interestingly, CNV was not identified in another code 1-expanded blastocyst that underwent direct cleavage from 1 cell to 3 or more cells. In invivo embryos, only one embryo had a CNV (1/4, 25%). Observed CNVs in both IVF and invivo embryos were segmental duplication or deletion in each chromosome. Hence, to improve pregnancy success in bovine IVF embryos, cytogenetic evaluation may be useful for quality evaluation of embryos that are prone to chromosomal abnormalities, as well as morphological scoring.
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Philippsen A, Nagai Y. A predictive coding account for cognition in human children and chimpanzees: A case study of drawing. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2020.3006497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Kobayashi R, Sato K, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Iwanuma S, Ohashi N, Hashiguchi T. Acute effects of difference in glucose intake on arterial stiffness in healthy subjects. Cardiol J 2019; 28:446-452. [PMID: 31702047 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2019.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-prandial hyperglycemia is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, which causes arterial stiffening and impaired function. Although post-prandial increases in blood glucose are proportional to the level of intake, the acute effects of different glucose intakes on arterial stiffness have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to determine the acute effects of differences in glucose intake on arterial stiffness. METHODS Six healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals (mean age, 60.0 ± 12.1 years) were orally administered 15, 20, and 25 g of glucose on separate days in a randomized, controlled, cross-over fashion. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, heart-brachial pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, brachial and ankle blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations before and 30, 60, and 90 min after glucose ingestion were measured. RESULTS Compared to baseline, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was higher at 30, 60 and 90 min after ingestion of 25 g glucose, and higher at 90 min after ingestion of 20 g glucose, but at no time points after ingestion of 15 g. Cardio-ankle vascular index was higher at 60 min than at baseline after ingestion of 25 g glucose, but not after ingestion of 15 or 20 g. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index is affected by the quantity of glucose ingested. Proposed presently is that glucose intake should be reduced at each meal to avoid increases in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index during acute hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kobayashi
- Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senju, Sakuragi, Adachi- ku, 120-0045 Tokyo,, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Soichiro Iwanuma
- Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senju, Sakuragi, Adachi- ku, 120-0045 Tokyo,, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohashi
- Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senju, Sakuragi, Adachi- ku, 120-0045 Tokyo,, Japan
| | - Takeo Hashiguchi
- Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senju, Sakuragi, Adachi- ku, 120-0045 Tokyo,, Japan
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Ohyanagi F, Nagai Y, Kasai T, Koyama N, Kobayashi K, Hoshi E, Nakayama M, Mori K. P2.01-95 Updated Data of KRSG 1302 Study: Nedaplatin and Nab-Paclitaxel for Patients with Previously Untreated Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kawashima Y, Yamaguchi O, Kozuki T, Furuya N, Kurimoto F, Okuno T, Yamada T, Komiyama K, Ko R, Nagai Y, Ishikawa N, Harada T, Watanabe K, Seike M, Yoshimura K, Kobayashi K, Kagamu H. Phase II study to evaluate the peripheral blood mononuclear cell biomarker for nivolumab efficacy on previously treated non-small cell lung cancer subjects (NEJ029B: IMMUNITY-ONE). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fujii S, Shiomi K, Furuta T, Nagai Y, Kawai T, Hirata A. Taste Evaluation of Kokuto (Non-centrifugal Cane Sugar) Using Taste Sensing System. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.66.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fujii S, Shiomi K, Furuta T, Nagai Y, Kawai T, Hirata A. Evaluation of Sugar Products Derived from Sugar Cane Using Taste Sensing System. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.66.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Koyama N, Watanabe Y, Iwai Y, Miwa C, Nagai Y, Aoshiba K, Nakamura H. Effectiveness of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel plus carboplatin in non-small lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion. Neoplasma 2019; 65:132-139. [PMID: 29322797 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2018_170206n78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication occurring in cancer patients, and its management affects the prognosis of these patients. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported that treatment with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus carboplatin (CBDCA) is effective against intraperitoneal malignant tumors. To investigate the effectiveness of nab-paclitaxel plus CBDCA therapy for MPEs arising in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of 40 patients with stage IIIb or IV NSCLC who were treated with nab-paclitaxel plus CBDCA from 2013 to 2016. Out of 26 patients with MPEs who were treated with nab-paclitaxel plus CBDCA in this study, 21 patients (80.8%) had effective responses in MPEs; 6 of 21 patients exhibited complete responses (23.1%) and 15 of 21 had partial responses (57.7%). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests to evaluate the effectiveness of nab-paclitaxel plus CBDCA therapy against MPEs showed longer median progression-free survival (323 days vs. 26 days; p=0.009) and overall survival (not reached vs. 199 days; p=0.047) in patients with complete responses compared with those who achieved no response. There were no statistical differences between therapeutic effects on MPEs and those on systemic lesions. Nab-paclitaxel plus CBDCA therapy may be a preferred therapeutic option for patients with NSCLC who experience MPEs, and its effectiveness in treatment of MPEs may need to be evaluated separately from its therapeutic responses in systemic lesions.
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Aoki S, Kagitani-Shimono K, Matsuzaki J, Hanaie R, Nakanishi M, Tominaga K, Nagai Y, Mohri I, Taniike M. Lesser suppression of response to bright visual stimuli and visual abnormality in children with autism spectrum disorder: a magnetoencephalographic study. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 31200639 PMCID: PMC6570891 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual abnormality is a common sensory impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which may cause behavioral problems. However, only a few studies exist on the neural features corresponding to the visual symptoms in ASD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cortical responses to visual stimuli and visual abnormality to examine the neurophysiological mechanisms of the visual abnormality in ASD. METHODS Twenty-two high-functioning children with ASD (10.95 ± 2.01 years old) and 23 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (10.13 ± 2.80 years old) participated in this study. We measured the cortical responses (i.e., activated intensity and attenuation ratio) elicited by the Original visual image and other two types of bright images (the Dot noise or Blind image, which includes overlapped particles onto the Original image or the enhanced-brightness version of the Original image, respectively) using magnetoencephalography. RESULTS The severity of visual abnormalities was significantly associated with behavioral problems in children with ASD. In addition, we found the increased cortical activation in response to the Original image in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and middle temporal gyrus in children with ASD. However, there were no inter-group differences in the primary visual and medial orbitofrontal cortices. Furthermore, when we compared cortical responses according to the type of images, children with ASD showed lesser attenuation of the activated intensities than children with TD in response to the bright images compared with the Original image in the right SMG. These attenuation ratios (Dot noise/Original and Blind/Original) were also associated with the severity of visual abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that dysfunction of stimulus-driven neural suppression plays a crucial role in the neural mechanism of visual abnormality in children with ASD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first magnetoencephalography study to demonstrate the association between the severity of visual abnormality and lower attenuation ratios in children with ASD. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying visual abnormality in children with ASD, and may therefore lead to more effective diagnosis and earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Aoki
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Hanaie
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakanishi
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Nagai Y, Takekuma M, Kitagawa R, Kobayashi E, Tozawa A, Nagao S, Nishio S, Toita T, Mikami M, Sugiyama T. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) multicenter retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Onuma N, Shindo D, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Yamanaka K. Pre-Exercise Ingestion of Isomaltulose Increases Energy Expenditure with Enhancing Fat Oxidation in Healthy Young Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562644.99026.f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tárkányi FT, Ignatyuk AV, Hermanne A, Capote R, Carlson BV, Engle JW, Kellett MA, Kibédi T, Kim GN, Kondev FG, Hussain M, Lebeda O, Luca A, Nagai Y, Naik H, Nichols AL, Nortier FM, Suryanarayana SV, Takács S, Verpelli M. Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic positron emitters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Hiyoshi Y, Miyamoto Y, Kato R, Sawayama H, Eto K, Nagai Y, Iwagami S, Baba Y, Yoshida N, Baba H. Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy and double-stapling technique anastomosis via needlescopic surgery - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:122-123. [PMID: 30387927 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Y Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - R Kato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - H Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - K Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Y Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - S Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Y Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - N Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - H Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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