1
|
Dénes V, Kovacs K, Lukáts Á, Mester A, Berta G, Szabó A, Gabriel R. Secreted key regulators (Fgf1, Bmp4, Gdf3) are expressed by PAC1-immunopositive retinal ganglion cells in the postnatal rat retina. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35477223 PMCID: PMC9087371 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identified as a member of the secretin/glucagon/VIP superfamily, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP1-38) has been recognized as a hormone, neurohormone, transmitter, trophic factor, and known to be involved in diverse and multiple developmental processes. PACAP1-38 was reported to regulate the production of important morphogens (Fgf1, Bmp4, Gdf3) through PAC1-receptor in the newborn rat retina. To follow up, we aimed to reveal the identity of retinal cells responsible for the production and secretion of Fgf1, Bmp4, and Gdf3 in response to PACAP1-38 treatment. Newborn (P1) rats were treated with 100 pmol PACAP1-38 intravitreally. After 24 h, retinas were dissected and processed for immunohistochemistry performed either on flat-mounted retinas or cryosections. Brn3a and PAC1-R double labeling revealed that 90% of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expressed PAC1-receptor. We showed that RGCs were Fgf1, Bmp4, and Gdf3- immunopositive and PAC1-R was co-expressed with each protein. To elucidate if RGCs release these secreted regulators, the key components for vesicle release were examined. No labeling was detected for synaptophysin, Exo70, or NESP55 in RGCs but an intense Rab3a-immunoreactivity was detected in their cell bodies. We found that the vast majority of RGCs are responsive to PACAP, which in turn could have a significant impact on their development or/and physiology. Although Fgf1, Bmp4, and Gdf3 were abundantly expressed in PAC1-positive RGCs, the cells lack synaptophysin and Exo70 in the newborn retina thus unable to release these proteins. These proteins could regulate postnatal RGC development acting through intracrine pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Dénes
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs.
| | - Kármen Kovacs
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs.
| | - Ákos Lukáts
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs; Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest.
| | - Adrienn Mester
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs.
| | - Gergely Berta
- Institute of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs.
| | - Arnold Szabó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest.
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang JG, Wang LL, Ma DC. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors on megakaryocytes and platelets and related diseases. Br J Haematol 2017; 180:321-334. [PMID: 29076133 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, VEGFRs) are expressed in different tissues, and VEGF-VEGFR loops regulate a wide range of responses, including metabolic homeostasis, cell proliferation, migration and tubuleogenesis. As ligands, VEGFs act on three structurally related VEGFRs (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 [also termed FLT1, KDR and FLT4, respectively]) that deliver downstream signals. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), megakaryocytic cell lines, cultured megakaryocytes (MKs), primary MKs and abnormal MKs express and secrete VEGFs. During the development from HSCs to MKs, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 are expressed at different developmental stages, respectively, and re-expressed, e.g., VEGFR2, and play different roles in commitment, differentiation, proliferation, survival and polyplodization of HSCs/MKs via autocrine, paracrine and/or even intracrine loops. Moreover, VEGFs and their receptors are abnormally expressed in MK-related diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes and acute megakaryocytic leukaemia (a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia), and they lead to the disordered proliferation/differentiation of bone marrow cells and angiogenesis, indicating that they are closely related to these diseases. Thus, targeting VEGF-VEGFR loops may be of potential therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gang Yang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong-Chu Ma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Re RN. A Pathogenic Mechanism Potentially Operative in Multiple Progressive Diseases and Its Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57:1507-1518. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Re
- Division of Academics-Research; Ochsner Clinic Foundation; New Orleans LA USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Heart failure and chronic renal diseases are usually progressive and only partially amenable to therapy. These disorders can be the sequelae of hypertension or worsened by hypertension. They are associated with the tissue up-regulation of multiple peptides, many of which are capable of acting within the cell interior. This article proposes that these peptides, intracrines, can form self-sustaining regulatory loops that can spread through heart or kidney, producing progressive disease. Moreover, mineralocorticoid activation seems capable of amplifying some of these peptide networks. This view suggests an expanded explanation of the pathogenesis of progressive cardiorenal disease and suggests new approaches to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Re
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Division of Research, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Expanded View of Progressive Cardiorenal Disorders. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:626-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
A possible mechanism for the progression of chronic renal disease and congestive heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:54-63. [PMID: 25539896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neurologic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as various forms of chronic renal disease and systolic congestive heart failure, are among the most common progressive degenerative disorders encountered in medicine. Each disease follows a nearly relentless course, albeit at varying rates, driven by progressive cell dysfunction and drop-out. The neurologic diseases are characterized by the progressive spread of disease-causing proteins (prion-like proteins) from cell to cell. Recent evidence indicates that cell autonomous renin angiotensin systems operate in heart and kidney, and it is known that functional intracrine proteins can also spread between cells. This then suggests that certain progressive degenerative cardiovascular disorders such as forms of chronic renal insufficiency and systolic congestive heart failure result from dysfunctional renin angiotensin system intracrine action spreading in kidney or myocardium.
Collapse
|
7
|
Could Intracrine Biology Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Transmissable Spongiform Encephalopathies Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases? Am J Med Sci 2014; 347:312-20. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182a28af3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
8
|
Re RN. Thirty years of intracrinology. Ochsner J 2014; 14:673-680. [PMID: 25598734 PMCID: PMC4295746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracrinology is the study of the intracellular actions, regulation, trafficking, and interactions of extracellular signaling peptides/proteins. METHODS We describe the development of intracrine biology since the term was defined in 1984. RESULTS Intracrine biology plays a role in many normal and pathological processes and represents a fertile field for the development of novel therapeutics. CONCLUSION Although 30 years old, the field of intracrinology is only now becoming widely accepted. Intracrine principles can be applied to the investigation of physiological processes and to the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Re
- Research Division, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Montanucci P, Basta G, Pescara T, Pennoni I, Giovanni FD, Calafiore R. New Simple and Rapid Method for Purification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Human Umbilical Cord Wharton Jelly. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2651-61. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Montanucci
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (Di.M.I.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basta
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (Di.M.I.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Pescara
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (Di.M.I.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pennoni
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (Di.M.I.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Giovanni
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (Di.M.I.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calafiore
- Section of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (Di.M.I.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lionetti V, Bianchi G, Recchia FA, Ventura C. Control of autocrine and paracrine myocardial signals: an emerging therapeutic strategy in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2011; 15:531-42. [PMID: 20364318 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-010-9165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, mediated by factors released by the resident cardiac cells, could play an essential role in the reparative process of the failing heart. Such signals may influence the function of cardiac stem cells via several mechanisms, among which the most extensively studied are cardiomyocyte survival and angiogenesis. Moreover, besides promoting cytoprotection and angiogenesis, paracrine factors released by resident cardiac cells may alter cardiac metabolism and extracellular matrix turnover, resulting in more favorable post-injury remodeling. It is reasonable to believe that critical intracellular signals are activated and modulated in a temporal and spatial manner exerting different effects, overall depending on the microenvironment changes present in the failing myocardium. The recent demonstration that chemically, mechanically or genetically activated cardiac cells may release peptides to protect tissue against ischemic injury provides a potential route to achieve the delivery of specific proteins produced by these cells for innovative pharmacological regenerative therapy of the heart. It is important to keep in mind that therapies currently used to treat heart failure (HF) and leading to improvement of cardiac function fail to induce tissue repair/regeneration. As a matter of facts, if specific autocrine/paracrine cell-derived factors that improve cardiac function will be identified, pharmacological-based therapy might be more easily translated into clinical benefits than cell-based therapy. This review will focus on the recent development of potential pharmacologic targets to promote and drive at molecular level the cardiac repair/regeneration in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Sector of Medicine, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
A functional role of RB-dependent pathway in the control of quiescence in adult epidermal stem cells revealed by genomic profiling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2010; 6:162-77. [PMID: 20376578 PMCID: PMC2887512 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Continuous cell renewal in mouse epidermis is at the expense of a pool of pluripotent cells that lie in a well defined niche in the hair follicle known as the bulge. To identify mechanisms controlling hair follicle stem cell homeostasis, we developed a strategy to isolate adult bulge stem cells in mice and to define their transcriptional profile. We observed that a large number of transcripts are underexpressed in hair follicle stem cells when compared to non-stem cells. Importantly, the majority of these downregulated genes are involved in cell cycle. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified the E2F transcription factor family as a potential element involved in the regulation of these transcripts. To determine their functional role, we used engineered mice lacking Rb gene in epidermis, which showed increased expression of most E2F family members and increased E2F transcriptional activity. Experiments designed to analyze epidermal stem cell functionality (i.e.: hair regrowth and wound healing) imply a role of the Rb-E2F axis in the control of stem cell quiescence in epidermis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
In recent years the actions of intracellular-acting, extracellular signaling proteins/peptides (intracrines) have become increasingly defined. General principles of intracrine action have been proposed. Mitochondria represent one locus of intracrine action, and thus far, angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-beta, growth hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide, Wnt 13, stanniocalcin, other renin-angiotensin system components, and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor, among others, have been shown to be mitochondria-localizing intracrines. The implications of this mitochondrial intracrine biology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Re
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Hwy., New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hohenstein B, Colin M, Foellmer C, Amann KU, Brekken RA, Daniel C, Hugo CPM. Autocrine VEGF-VEGF-R loop on podocytes during glomerulonephritis in humans. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:3170-80. [PMID: 20395257 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important and tightly regulated angiogenic cytokine in the kidney. Its activity is critical for capillary/glomerular preservation and repair, and recent studies have also demonstrated its relevance for the preservation of podocytes. METHODS The present study investigated a large number (n = 153) of renal biopsies from patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) and evaluated the expression and activity of the glomerular VEGF system [VEGF, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2 and biologically active VEGF as identified by VEGF-VEGF receptor complexes (VEGF-VEGF-R)] in parallel with markers of renal function, injury and repair. RESULTS Whereas glomerular VEGF expression was clearly elevated, VEGF-R expression levels were widely unchanged. In parallel to the overall VEGF expression, the biological activity of VEGF on its receptors was uniformly significantly enhanced. Interestingly, the expression pattern of VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 significantly changed during GN where a very prominent podocytic pattern appeared, which was also detected for receptor-bound VEGF. VEGF expression and activity could be linked with indicators of renal injury such as glomerular proliferation and creatinine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows, for the first time, increased podocytic VEGF-VEGF-R binding during human GN, suggesting not only the existence of a glomerular paracrine proangiogenic, but also an autocrine role of the VEGF-VEGF-R system in diseased podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hohenstein
- Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Re RN, Cook JL. Senescence, apoptosis, and stem cell biology: the rationale for an expanded view of intracrine action. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H893-901. [PMID: 19592610 PMCID: PMC2755987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00414.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Some extracellular-signaling peptides also at times function within the intracellular space. We have termed these peptides intracrines and have argued that intracrine function is associated with a wide variety of peptides/proteins including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, and DNA-binding proteins among others. Here we consider the possibility that intracrines participate in the related phenomena of senescence, apoptosis, and stem cell regulation of tissue biology. Based on this analysis, we also suggest that the concept of intracrine action be expanded to include possible regulatory peptide transfer via exosomes/microvesicles and possibly by nanotubes. Moreover, the process of microvesicular and nanotube transfer of peptides and other biologically relevant molecules, which we inclusively term laterality, is explored. These notions have potentially important therapeutic implications, including implications for the therapy of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Re
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|