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Waigi EW, Pernomian L, Crockett AM, Costa TJ, Townsend P, Webb RC, McQuail JA, McCarthy CG, Hollis F, Wenceslau CF. Vascular dysfunction occurs prior to the onset of amyloid pathology and Aβ plaque deposits colocalize with endothelial cells in the hippocampus of female APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01213-0. [PMID: 38862757 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). It is unknown whether systemic vascular dysfunction occurs prior to the development of AD, if this occurs in a sex-dependent manner, and whether endothelial cells play a role in the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. We hypothesized that vascular dysfunction occurs prior to the onset of amyloid pathology, thus escalating its progression. Furthermore, endothelial cells from female mice will present with an exacerbated formation of Aβ peptides due to an exacerbated pressure pulsatility. To test this hypothesis, we used a double transgenic mouse model of early-onset AD (APPswe/PSEN1dE9). We evaluated hippocampus-dependent recognition memory and the cardiovascular function by echocardiography and direct measurements of blood pressure through carotid artery catheterization. Vascular function was evaluated in resistance arteries, morphometric parameters in the aortas, and immunofluorescence in the hippocampus and aortas. We observed that endothelial dysfunction occurred prior to the onset of amyloid pathology irrespective of sex. However, during the onset of amyloid pathology, only female APP/PS1 mice had vascular stiffness in the aorta. There was elevated Aβ deposition which colocalized with endothelial cells in the hippocampus from female APP/PS1 mice. Overall, these data showed that vascular abnormalities may be an early marker, and potential mediator of AD, but exacerbated aortic stiffness and pressure pulsatility after the onset of amyloid pathology may be associated with a greater burden of Aβ formation in hippocampal endothelial cells from female but not male APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Waigi
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Laena Pernomian
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexia M Crockett
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Tiago J Costa
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Paul Townsend
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joseph A McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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2
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Fan L, Wang H, Kassab GS, Lee LC. Review of cardiac-coronary interaction and insights from mathematical modeling. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1642. [PMID: 38316634 PMCID: PMC11081852 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac-coronary interaction is fundamental to the function of the heart. As one of the highest metabolic organs in the body, the cardiac oxygen demand is met by blood perfusion through the coronary vasculature. The coronary vasculature is largely embedded within the myocardial tissue which is continually contracting and hence squeezing the blood vessels. The myocardium-coronary vessel interaction is two-ways and complex. Here, we review the different types of cardiac-coronary interactions with a focus on insights gained from mathematical models. Specifically, we will consider the following: (1) myocardial-vessel mechanical interaction; (2) metabolic-flow interaction and regulation; (3) perfusion-contraction matching, and (4) chronic interactions between the myocardium and coronary vasculature. We also provide a discussion of the relevant experimental and clinical studies of different types of cardiac-coronary interactions. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps, key challenges, and limitations of existing mathematical models along with future research directions to understand the unique myocardium-coronary coupling in the heart. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cardiovascular Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Thengchaisri N, Kuo L, Hein TW. H 2O 2 Mediates VEGF- and Flow-Induced Dilations of Coronary Arterioles in Early Type 1 Diabetes: Role of Vascular Arginase and PI3K-Linked eNOS Uncoupling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010489. [PMID: 36613929 PMCID: PMC9820654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, the enzyme arginase is upregulated, which may compete with endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) for their common substrate L-arginine and compromise NO-mediated vasodilation. However, this eNOS uncoupling can lead to superoxide production and possibly vasodilator hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation to compensate for NO deficiency. This hypothesis was tested in coronary arterioles isolated from pigs with 2-week diabetes after streptozocin injection. The NO-mediated vasodilation induced by flow and VEGF was abolished by NOS inhibitor L-NAME and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin but was not affected by arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) or H2O2 scavenger catalase in control pigs. With diabetes, this vasodilation was partially blunted, and the remaining vasodilation was abolished by catalase and wortmannin. Administration of L-arginine or nor-NOHA restored flow-induced vasodilation in an L-NAME sensitive manner. Diabetes did not alter vascular superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase mRNA levels. This study demonstrates that endothelium-dependent NO-mediated coronary arteriolar dilation is partially compromised in early type 1 diabetes by reducing eNOS substrate L-arginine via arginase activation. It appears that upregulated arginase contributes to endothelial NO deficiency in early diabetes, but production of H2O2 during PI3K-linked eNOS uncoupling likely compensates for and masks this disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (T.W.H.)
| | - Travis W. Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (T.W.H.)
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4
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Kendrick DJ, Mishra RC, John CM, Zhu HL, Braun AP. Effects of Pharmacological Inhibitors of NADPH Oxidase on Myogenic Contractility and Evoked Vasoactive Responses in Rat Resistance Arteries. Front Physiol 2022; 12:752366. [PMID: 35140625 PMCID: PMC8818784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, are reported to contribute to the dynamic regulation of contractility in various arterial preparations, however, the situation in pressurized, myogenically active resistance arteries is much less clear. In the present study, we have utilized established pharmacological inhibitors of NADPH oxidase activity to examine the potential contribution of ROS to intrinsic myogenic contractility in adult Sprague–Dawley rat resistance arteries and responses to vasoactive agents acting via the endothelium (i.e., acetylcholine, SKA-31) or smooth muscle (i.e., sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine). In cannulated and pressurized cremaster skeletal muscle and middle cerebral arteries, the NOX inhibitors 2-acetylphenothiazine (2-APT) and VAS2870, selective for NOX1 and NOX2, respectively, evoked concentration-dependent inhibition of basal myogenic tone in a reversible and irreversible manner, respectively, whereas the non-selective inhibitor apocynin augmented myogenic contractility. The vasodilatory actions of 2-APT and VAS2870 occurred primarily via the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, respectively. Functional responses to established endothelium-dependent and –independent vasoactive agents were largely unaltered in the presence of either 2-APT or apocynin. In cremaster arteries from Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) Goto-Kakizaki rats with endothelial dysfunction, treatment with either 2-APT or apocynin did not modify stimulus-evoked vasoactive responses, but did affect basal myogenic tone. These same NOX inhibitors produced robust inhibition of total NADPH oxidase activity in aortic tissue homogenates from control and T2D rats, and NOX isozymes 1, 2 and 4, along with superoxide dismutase 1, were detected by qPCR in cremaster arteries and aorta from both species. Based on the diverse effects that we observed for established, chemically distinct NOX inhibitors, the functional contribution of vascular NADPH oxidase activity to stimulus-evoked vasoactive signaling in myogenically active, small resistance arteries remains unclear.
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5
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Orrico F, Lopez AC, Saliwonczyk D, Acosta C, Rodriguez-Grecco I, Mouro-Chanteloup I, Ostuni MA, Denicola A, Thomson L, Möller MN. The permeability of human red blood cell membranes to hydrogen peroxide is independent of aquaporins. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101503. [PMID: 34929164 PMCID: PMC8753180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) not only is an oxidant but also is an important signaling molecule in vascular biology, mediating several physiological functions. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been proposed to be the primary sink of H2O2 in the vasculature because they are the main cellular component of blood with a robust antioxidant defense and a high membrane permeability. However, the exact permeability of human RBC to H2O2 is neither known nor is it known if the mechanism of permeation involves the lipid fraction or protein channels. To gain insight into the permeability process, we measured the partition constant of H2O2 between water and octanol or hexadecane using a novel double-partition method. Our results indicated that there is a large thermodynamic barrier to H2O2 permeation. The permeability coefficient of H2O2 through phospholipid membranes containing cholesterol with saturated or unsaturated acyl chains was determined to be 4 × 10−4 and 5 × 10−3 cm s−1, respectively, at 37 °C. The permeability coefficient of human RBC membranes to H2O2 at 37 °C, on the other hand, was 1.6 × 10−3 cm s−1. Different aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3 inhibitors proved to have no effect on the permeation of H2O2. Moreover, human RBCs devoid of either aquaporin-1 or aquaporin-3 were equally permeable to H2O2 as normal human RBCs. Therefore, these results indicate that H2O2 does not diffuse into RBCs through aquaporins but rather through the lipid fraction or a still unidentified membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C Lopez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Saliwonczyk
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Cecilia Acosta
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Ismael Rodriguez-Grecco
- Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mariano A Ostuni
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Matias N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
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Roberts AM, Moulana NZ, Jagadapillai R, Cai L, Gozal E. Intravital assessment of precapillary pulmonary arterioles of type 1 diabetic mice shows oxidative damage and increased tone in response to NOS inhibition. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1552-1564. [PMID: 34590907 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00395.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dilation, important for peripheral tissue glucose distribution, also modulates alveolar perfusion and is inhibited by loss of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) in diabetes mellitus (DM). We hypothesized that DM-induced oxidative stress decreases bioavailable NO and pulmonary precapillary arteriolar diameter, causing endothelial injury. We examined subpleural pulmonary arterioles after acute NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) in streptozotocin (STZ)- and saline (CTRL)-treated C57BL/6J mice. Microvascular changes were assessed by intravital microscopy in the right lung of anesthetized mice with open chest and ventilated lungs. Arteriolar tone in pulmonary arterioles (27.2-48.7 µm diameter) increased in CTRL mice (18.0 ± 11% constriction, P = 0.034, n = 5) but decreased in STZ mice (13.6 ± 7.5% dilation, P = 0.009, n = 5) after l-NAME. Lung tissue dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence (superoxide), inducible NOS expression, and protein nitrosylation (3-nitrotyrosine) increased in STZ mice and correlated with increased glucose levels (103.8 ± 8.8 mg/dL). Fluorescently labeled fibrinogen administration and fibrinogen immunostaining showed fibrinogen adhesion, indicating endothelial injury in STZ mice. In CTRL mice, vasoconstriction to l-NAME was likely due to the loss of bioavailable NO. Vasodilation in STZ mice may be due to decreased formation of a vasoconstrictor or emergence of a vasodilator. These findings provide novel evidence that DM targets the pulmonary microcirculation and that decreased NO bioavailability and increased precapillary arteriolar tone could potentially lead to ventilation-perfusion abnormalities, exacerbating systemic DM complications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diabetes pulmonary and microvascular consequences are well recognized but have not been characterized. We assessed lung microvascular changes in a live anesthetized mouse model of type 1 diabetes, using a novel intravital microscopy technique. Our results show new evidence that a diabetes-induced decrease in lung nitric oxide bioavailability underlies oxidative damage, enhanced platelet activation, and endothelial injury causing pulmonary microvascular dysfunction and altered vasoreactivity. These findings could provide novel strategies to prevent or reverse diabetes systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nayeem Z Moulana
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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7
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Thengchaisri N, Hein TW, Ren Y, Kuo L. Activation of Coronary Arteriolar PKCβ2 Impairs Endothelial NO-Mediated Vasodilation: Role of JNK/Rho Kinase Signaling and Xanthine Oxidase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189763. [PMID: 34575925 PMCID: PMC8471475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) activation can evoke vasoconstriction and contribute to coronary disease. However, it is unclear whether PKC activation, without activating the contractile machinery, can lead to coronary arteriolar dysfunction. The vasoconstriction induced by the PKC activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) was examined in isolated porcine coronary arterioles. The PDBu-evoked vasoconstriction was sensitive to a broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor but not affected by inhibiting PKCβ2 or Rho kinase. After exposure of the vessels to a sub-vasomotor concentration of PDBu (1 nmol/L, 60 min), the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilations in response to serotonin and adenosine were compromised but the dilation induced by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside was unaltered. PDBu elevated superoxide production, which was blocked by the superoxide scavenger Tempol. The impaired NO-mediated vasodilations were reversed by Tempol or inhibition of PKCβ2, xanthine oxidase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Rho kinase but were not affected by a hydrogen peroxide scavenger or inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase and p38 kinase. The PKCβ2 protein was detected in the arteriolar wall and co-localized with endothelial NO synthase. In conclusion, activation of PKCβ2 appears to compromise NO-mediated vasodilation via Rho kinase-mediated JNK signaling and superoxide production from xanthine oxidase, independent of the activation of the smooth muscle contractile machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (N.T.); (T.W.H.); (Y.R.)
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Travis W. Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (N.T.); (T.W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (N.T.); (T.W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (N.T.); (T.W.H.); (Y.R.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Orlandi M, Masi S, Bhowruth D, Leira Y, Georgiopoulos G, Yellon D, Hingorani A, Chiesa ST, Hausenloy DJ, Deanfield J, D'Aiuto F. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Against Endothelial Dysfunction in a Human Model of Systemic Inflammation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e417-e426. [PMID: 34107730 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Orlandi
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital (M.O., Y.L., F.D.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Masi
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes Institute of Cardiovascular Science (S.M., D.B., S.T.C., J.D.), University College London, United Kingdom.,Internal Medicine Unit, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M.)
| | - Devina Bhowruth
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes Institute of Cardiovascular Science (S.M., D.B., S.T.C., J.D.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Yago Leira
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital (M.O., Y.L., F.D.), University College London, United Kingdom.,Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela and Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (Y.L.), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (Y.L.), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas Hospital, United Kingdom (G.G.)
| | - Derek Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (D.Y., D.J.H.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science (A.H.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Scott T Chiesa
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes Institute of Cardiovascular Science (S.M., D.B., S.T.C., J.D.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute (D.Y., D.J.H.), University College London, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.).,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.).,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.)
| | - John Deanfield
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes Institute of Cardiovascular Science (S.M., D.B., S.T.C., J.D.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital (M.O., Y.L., F.D.), University College London, United Kingdom
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9
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Kirkman DL, Robinson AT, Rossman MJ, Seals DR, Edwards DG. Mitochondrial contributions to vascular endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2080-H2100. [PMID: 33834868 PMCID: PMC8163660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00917.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects one in three adults and remains the leading cause of death in America. Advancing age is a major risk factor for CVD. Recent plateaus in CVD-related mortality rates in high-income countries after decades of decline highlight a critical need to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies to mitigate and manage the risk of CVD development and progression. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is independently associated with an increased CVD risk and incidence and is therefore an attractive target for CVD prevention and management. Vascular mitochondria have emerged as an important player in maintaining vascular homeostasis. As such, age- and disease-related impairments in mitochondrial function contribute to vascular dysfunction and consequent increases in CVD risk. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in vascular function and discusses the ramifications of mitochondrial dysfunction on vascular health in the setting of age and disease. The adverse vascular consequences of increased mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial quality control, and defective mitochondrial calcium cycling are emphasized, in particular. Current evidence for both lifestyle and pharmaceutical mitochondrial-targeted strategies to improve vascular function is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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10
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Costa TJ, Barros PR, Arce C, Santos JD, da Silva-Neto J, Egea G, Dantas AP, Tostes RC, Jiménez-Altayó F. The homeostatic role of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the vasculature. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:615-635. [PMID: 33248264 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced in a wide range of physiological reactions that, at low concentrations, play essential roles in living organisms. There is a delicate equilibrium between formation and degradation of these mediators in a healthy vascular system, which contributes to maintaining these species under non-pathological levels to preserve normal vascular functions. Antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to prevent or reduce damage caused by excessive oxidation. However, an excessive reductive environment induced by exogenous antioxidants may disrupt redox balance and lead to vascular pathology. This review summarizes the main aspects of free radical biochemistry (formation, sources and elimination) and the crucial actions of some of the most biologically relevant and well-characterized reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide) in the physiological regulation of vascular function, structure and angiogenesis. Furthermore, current preclinical and clinical evidence is discussed on how excessive removal of these crucial responses by exogenous antioxidants (vitamins and related compounds, polyphenols) may perturb vascular homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide information of the crucial physiological roles of oxidation in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular adipose tissue for developing safer and more effective vascular interventions with antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Costa
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Cristina Arce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencies i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Júlio da Silva-Neto
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencies i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut Clínic del Tòrax, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Al-Shehri SS. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and innate immune response. Biochimie 2020; 181:52-64. [PMID: 33278558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens and is characterized by its fast but nonspecific response. One important mechanism of this system is the production of the biocidal reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are widely distributed within biological systems, including phagocytes and secretions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are short-lived intermediates that are biochemically synthesized by various enzymatic reactions in aerobic organisms and are regulated by antioxidants. The physiological levels of reactive species play important roles in cellular signaling and proliferation. However, higher concentrations and prolonged exposure can fight infections by damaging important microbial biomolecules. One feature of the reactive species generation system is the interaction between its components to produce more biocidal agents. For example, the phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex generates superoxide, which functions as a precursor for antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Peroxide is then used by myeloperoxidase in the same cells to generate hypochlorous acid, a highly microbicidal agent. Studies on animal models and microorganisms have shown that deficiency of these antimicrobial agents is associated with severe recurrent infections and immunocompromised diseases, such as chronic granulomatous disease. There is accumulating evidence that reactive species have important positive aspects on human health and immunity; however, some important promising features of this system remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S Al-Shehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Yan S, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Vasoconstrictor Mechanisms in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Oxidant Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 33076504 PMCID: PMC7602539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated resistance of pulmonary circulation after chronic hypoxia exposure leads to pulmonary hypertension. Contributing to this pathological process is enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction through both calcium-dependent and calcium sensitization mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of increased enzymatic production and/or decreased scavenging, participate in augmentation of pulmonary arterial constriction by potentiating calcium influx as well as activation of myofilament sensitization, therefore mediating the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the effects of chronic hypoxia on sources of ROS within the pulmonary vasculature including NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidases and dysfunctional superoxide dismutases. We also summarize the ROS-induced functional alterations of various Ca2+ and K+ channels involved in regulating Ca2+ influx, and of Rho kinase that is responsible for myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. A variety of antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, supporting the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary hypertension. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which ROS enhance vasoconstriction will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.Y.); (T.C.R.)
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13
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Hein TW, Omae T, Xu W, Yoshida A, Kuo L. Role of Arginase in Selective Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Synthase-Mediated Dilation of Retinal Arterioles during Early Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:36. [PMID: 32437549 PMCID: PMC7405695 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal vasomotor activity can be regulated by two major endothelial enzymes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX). The vascular arginase also consumes a NOS substrate and thus impedes NOS-mediated vasodilation. Diabetes mellitus exhibits vascular complications in the retina with elevated oxidative stress and compromised NOS-mediated vasodilation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and the effect of diabetes on COX-mediated vasodilation is unknown. Herein, we examined the relative impact of diabetes on retinal arteriolar dilations to COX and NOS activation and the roles of arginase and superoxide in diabetes-induced vasomotor dysfunction. Methods Retinal arterioles were isolated from streptozocin-induced diabetic pigs (2 weeks of hyperglycemia, 433 ± 27 mg/dL) or age-matched control pigs (97 ± 4 mg/dL). The vasodilations to bradykinin (NOS activator) and histamine (NOS/COX activator) were examined in vitro. Results Retinal arteriolar dilations to histamine and bradykinin were significantly reduced after 2 weeks of diabetes. The NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) attenuated the dilations of control vessels, but not diabetic vessels, to histamine. In the presence of L-NAME and COX inhibitor indomethacin, histamine-induced dilations of control and diabetic vessels were reduced similarly. Treatment of diabetic vessels with arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA, but not superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPOL, preserved both histamine- and bradykinin-induced dilations in an L-NAME-sensitive manner. Conclusions Arginase, rather than superoxide, impairs endothelium-dependent NOS-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles during diabetes, whereas vasodilation mediated by COX remains intact. Blockade of vascular arginase may improve endothelial function of retinal arterioles during early onset of diabetes.
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14
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Severino P, D’Amato A, Pucci M, Infusino F, Birtolo LI, Mariani MV, Lavalle C, Maestrini V, Mancone M, Fedele F. Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Role of Coronary Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3167. [PMID: 32365863 PMCID: PMC7246492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex syndrome responsible for high rates of death and hospitalization. Ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of heart failure and it is normally attributed to coronary artery disease, defined by the presence of one or more obstructive plaques, which determine a reduced coronary blood flow, causing myocardial ischemia and consequent heart failure. However, coronary obstruction is only an element of a complex pathophysiological process that leads to myocardial ischemia. In the literature, attention paid to the role of microcirculation, in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, is growing. Coronary microvascular dysfunction determines an inability of coronary circulation to satisfy myocardial metabolic demands, due to the imbalance of coronary blood flow regulatory mechanisms, including ion channels, leading to the development of hypoxia, fibrosis and tissue death, which may determine a loss of myocardial function, even beyond the presence of atherosclerotic epicardial plaques. For this reason, ion channels may represent the link among coronary microvascular dysfunction, ischemic heart disease and consequent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155-00161 Rome, Italy; (P.S.); (A.D.); (M.P.); (F.I.); (L.I.B.); (M.V.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.M.)
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15
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Obradovic M, Essack M, Zafirovic S, Sudar‐Milovanovic E, Bajic VP, Van Neste C, Trpkovic A, Stanimirovic J, Bajic VB, Isenovic ER. Redox control of vascular biology. Biofactors 2020; 46:246-262. [PMID: 31483915 PMCID: PMC7187163 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox control is lost when the antioxidant defense system cannot remove abnormally high concentrations of signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronically elevated levels of ROS cause oxidative stress that may eventually lead to cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on redox effects in the vascular system. We pay close attention to the subcompartments of the vascular system (endothelium, smooth muscle cell layer) and give an overview of how redox changes influence those different compartments. We also review the core aspects of redox biology, cardiovascular physiology, and pathophysiology. Moreover, the topic-specific knowledgebase DES-RedoxVasc was used to develop two case studies, one focused on endothelial cells and the other on the vascular smooth muscle cells, as a starting point to possibly extend our knowledge of redox control in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Emina Sudar‐Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Vladan P. Bajic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andreja Trpkovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Julijana Stanimirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular GeneticsVinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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16
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Abstract
The microcirculation maintains tissue homeostasis through local regulation of blood flow and oxygen delivery. Perturbations in microvascular function are characteristic of several diseases and may be early indicators of pathological changes in the cardiovascular system and in parenchymal tissue function. These changes are often mediated by various reactive oxygen species and linked to disruptions in pathways such as vasodilation or angiogenesis. This overview compiles recent advances relating to redox regulation of the microcirculation by adopting both cellular and functional perspectives. Findings from a variety of vascular beds and models are integrated to describe common effects of different reactive species on microvascular function. Gaps in understanding and areas for further research are outlined. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:229-260, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Kadlec
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Weise-Cross L, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Redox Regulation of Ion Channels and Receptors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:898-915. [PMID: 30569735 PMCID: PMC7061297 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevated vascular resistance due to vasoconstriction and remodeling of the normally low-pressure pulmonary vasculature. Redox stress contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease by altering the regulation and activity of membrane receptors, K+ channels, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Recent Advances: Antioxidant therapies have had limited success in treating PH, leading to a growing appreciation that reductive stress, in addition to oxidative stress, plays a role in metabolic and cell signaling dysfunction in pulmonary vascular cells. Reactive oxygen species generation from mitochondria and NADPH oxidases has substantial effects on K+ conductance and membrane potential, and both receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Critical Issues: Some specific redox changes resulting from oxidation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation are known to modulate membrane receptor and ion channel activity in PH. However, many sites of regulation that have been elucidated in nonpulmonary cell types have not been tested in the pulmonary vasculature, and context-specific molecular mechanisms are lacking. Future Directions: Here, we review what is known about redox regulation of membrane receptors and ion channels in PH. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved is needed to better understand the etiology of PH and develop better targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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18
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Mahmoud AM, Szczurek M, Hassan C, Masrur M, Gangemi A, Phillips SA. Vitamin D Improves Nitric Oxide-Dependent Vasodilation in Adipose Tissue Arterioles from Bariatric Surgery Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2521. [PMID: 31635396 PMCID: PMC6835261 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency in obese individuals that could be attributed to vitamin-D sequestration in the adipose tissue. Associations between vitamin-D deficiency and unfavorable cardiometabolic outcomes were reported. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these associations are yet to be established. In our previous studies, we demonstrated microvascular dysfunction in obese adults that was associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. Herein, we examined the role of vitamin D in mitigating microvascular function in morbidly obese adults before and after weight loss surgery. We obtained subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies from bariatric patients at the time of surgery (n = 15) and gluteal SAT samples three months post-surgery (n = 8). Flow-induced dilation (FID) and acetylcholine-induced dilation (AChID) and NO production were measured in the AT-isolated arterioles ± NO synthase inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibitor, polyethylene glycol-modified catalase (PEG-CAT), or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D improved FID, AChID, and NO production in AT-isolated arterioles at time of surgery; these effects were abolished by L-NAME but not by PEG-CAT. Vitamin-D-mediated improvements were of a higher magnitude in VAT compared to SAT arterioles. After surgery, significant improvements in FID, AChID, NO production, and NO sensitivity were observed. Vitamin-D-induced changes were of a lower magnitude compared to those from the time of surgery. In conclusion, vitamin D improved NO-dependent arteriolar vasodilation in obese adults; this effect was more significant before surgery-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mary Szczurek
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mario Masrur
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Antonio Gangemi
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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19
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Kirkman DL, Ramick MG, Muth BJ, Stock JM, Pohlig RT, Townsend RR, Edwards DG. Effects of aerobic exercise on vascular function in nondialysis chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F898-F905. [PMID: 30810061 PMCID: PMC6580257 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00539.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are nontraditional risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) that could be targeted with exercise. This study investigated the effect of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise on vascular function in nondialysis CKD. In this randomized, controlled trial, 36 nondialysis patients with CKD (means ± SE, age: 58 ± 2 yr, estimated glomerular filtration rate: 44 ± 2 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2) were allocated to an exercise training (EXT) or control (CON) arm. The EXT group performed 3 × 45 min of supervised exercise per week at 60-85% heart rate reserve for 12 wk, whereas the CON group received routine care. Outcomes were assessed at 0 and 12 wk. The primary outcome, microvascular function, was assessed via cutaneous vasodilation during local heating measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry coupled with microdialysis. Participants were instrumented with two microdialysis fibers for the delivery of 1) Ringer solution and 2) the superoxide scavenger tempol. Conduit artery function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Aortic pressure waveforms and pulse wave velocity were acquired with tonometry and oscillometry. Microvascular function improved after EXT (week 0 vs.week 12, EXT: 87 ± 2% vs. 91 ± 2% and CON: 86 ± 2% vs. 84 ± 3%, P = 0.03). At baseline, pharmacological delivery of tempol improved microvascular function (Ringer solution vs. tempol: 86 ± 1% vs. 90 ± 1%, P = 0.02) but was no longer effective after EXT (91 ± 2% vs. 87 ± 1%, P = 0.2), suggesting that an improved redox balance plays a role in EXT-related improvements. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was maintained after EXT (EXT: 2.6 ± 0.4% vs. 3.8 ± 0.8% and CON: 3.5 ± 0.6% vs. 2.3 ± 0.4%, P = 0.02). Central arterial hemodynamics and arterial stiffness were unchanged after EXT. Aerobic exercise improved microvascular function and maintained conduit artery function and should be considered as an adjunct therapy to reduce CVD risk in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Meghan G Ramick
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University , West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryce J Muth
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Joseph M Stock
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Ryan T Pohlig
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennyslvania
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
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20
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Severino P, D'Amato A, Netti L, Pucci M, Infusino F, Maestrini V, Mancone M, Fedele F. Myocardial Ischemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Oxidative Stress in the Connection between Cardiac Metabolism and Coronary Blood Flow. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9489826. [PMID: 31089475 PMCID: PMC6476021 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9489826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has several risk factors, among which diabetes mellitus represents one of the most important. In diabetic patients, the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia remains unclear yet: some have atherosclerotic plaque which obstructs coronary blood flow, others show myocardial ischemia due to coronary microvascular dysfunction in the absence of plaques in epicardial vessels. In the cross-talk between myocardial metabolism and coronary blood flow (CBF), ion channels have a main role, and, in diabetic patients, they are involved in the pathophysiology of IHD. The exposition to the different cardiovascular risk factors and the ischemic condition determine an imbalance of the redox state, defined as oxidative stress, which shows itself with oxidant accumulation and antioxidant deficiency. In particular, several products of myocardial metabolism, belonging to oxidative stress, may influence ion channel function, altering their capacity to modulate CBF, in response to myocardial metabolism, and predisposing to myocardial ischemia. For this reason, considering the role of oxidative and ion channels in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia, it is allowed to consider new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Netti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Pucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Infusino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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21
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Dopico AM, Bukiya AN, Jaggar JH. Calcium- and voltage-gated BK channels in vascular smooth muscle. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1271-1289. [PMID: 29748711 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels in vascular smooth muscle regulate myogenic tone and vessel contractility. In particular, activation of calcium- and voltage-gated potassium channels of large conductance (BK channels) results in outward current that shifts the membrane potential toward more negative values, triggering a negative feed-back loop on depolarization-induced calcium influx and SM contraction. In this short review, we first present the molecular basis of vascular smooth muscle BK channels and the role of subunit composition and trafficking in the regulation of myogenic tone and vascular contractility. BK channel modulation by endogenous signaling molecules, and paracrine and endocrine mediators follows. Lastly, we describe the functional changes in smooth muscle BK channels that contribute to, or are triggered by, common physiological conditions and pathologies, including obesity, diabetes, and systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 South Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 South Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Severino P, D'Amato A, Netti L, Pucci M, De Marchis M, Palmirotta R, Volterrani M, Mancone M, Fedele F. Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease: The Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534462 PMCID: PMC5877663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease and, in particular, for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients is complex and not fully understood: some diabetic patients have mainly coronary stenosis obstructing blood flow to the myocardium; others present with coronary microvascular disease with an absence of plaques in the epicardial vessels. Ion channels acting in the cross-talk between the myocardial energy state and coronary blood flow may play a role in the pathophysiology of IHD in diabetic patients. In particular, some genetic variants for ATP-dependent potassium channels seem to be involved in the determinism of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Netti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Pucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialaura De Marchis
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology Oncogenomic Research Center, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Cai J, Wang D, Liu J. Regulation of fluid flow through the mammary gland of dairy cows and its effect on milk production: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1261-1270. [PMID: 28758674 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy milk consists of more than 85% water. Therefore, understanding the regulation of fluid absorption in the mammary gland is relevant to improving milk production. In recent decades, studies using different approaches, including blood flow, transmembrane fluid flow, tight junction, fluid flow of the paracellular pathway and functional mammary epithelial cell state, have been conducted aiming to investigate how mammary gland fluid absorption is regulated. However, the relationship between regulation mechanisms of fluid flow and milk production has not been studied systematically. The present review summarizes a series of key milk yield regulatory factors mediated by whole-mammary fluid flow, including milk, mammary blood flow, blood/tissue fluid-cell fluid flow and cell-alveolus fluid flow. Whole-mammary fluid flow regulates milk production by altering transporter activity, ion channels, local microcirculation-related factors, driving force of fluid transport (osmotic pressure or electrochemical gradient), cellular connection state and a cell volume sensitive mechanism. In addition, whole-mammary fluid flow plays important roles in milk synthesis and secretion. Knowledge gained from fluid flow-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the dairy mammary gland will lead to a fundamental understanding of lactation biology and will be beneficial for the improvement of dairy productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Robinson AT, Fancher IS, Mahmoud AM, Phillips SA. Microvascular Vasodilator Plasticity After Acute Exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 46:48-55. [PMID: 28816705 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is reduced after acute exercise or after high intraluminal pressure in isolated arterioles from sedentary adults but not in arterioles from regular exercisers. The preserved vasodilation in arterioles from exercisers is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dependent, whereas resting dilation is nitric oxide (NO) dependent. We hypothesize chronic exercise elicits adaptations allowing for maintained vasodilation when NO bioavailability is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Robinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Abeer M Mahmoud
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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25
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Alterations of Ocular Hemodynamics Impair Ophthalmic Vascular and Neuroretinal Function. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:818-827. [PMID: 29309745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with numerous diseases, but its direct impact on the ocular circulation and neuroretinal function remains unclear. Herein, mouse eyes were challenged with different levels of hemodynamic insult via transverse aortic coarctation, which increased blood pressure and flow velocity by 50% and 40%, respectively, in the right common carotid artery, and reduced those parameters by 30% and 40%, respectively, in the left common carotid artery. Blood velocity in the right central retinal artery gradually increased up to 40% at 4 weeks of transverse aortic coarctation, and the velocity in the left central retinal artery gradually decreased by 20%. The fundus and retinal architecture were unaltered by hemodynamic changes. Endothelium-dependent vasodilations to acetylcholine and adenosine were reduced only in right (hypertensive) ophthalmic arteries. Increased cellularity in the nerve fiber/ganglion cell layers, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, and elevated superoxide level were found only in hypertensive retinas. The electroretinogram showed decreased scotopic b-waves in the hypertensive eyes and decreased scotopic oscillatory potentials in both hypertensive and hypotensive eyes. In conclusion, hypertension sustained for 4 weeks causes ophthalmic vascular dysfunction, retinal glial cell activation, oxidative stress, and neuroretinal impairment. Although ophthalmic vasoregulation is insensitive to hypotensive insult, the ocular hypoperfusion causes neuroretinal dysfunction.
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Roberts AM, Jagadapillai R, Vaishnav RA, Friedland RP, Drinovac R, Lin X, Gozal E. Increased pulmonary arteriolar tone associated with lung oxidative stress and nitric oxide in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12953. [PMID: 27604401 PMCID: PMC5027359 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction and decreased cerebral blood flow are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loss of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress in human cerebrovascular endothelium increase expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and enhance production of the Aβ peptide, suggesting that loss of endothelial NO contributes to AD pathology. We hypothesize that decreased systemic NO bioavailability in AD may also impact lung microcirculation and induce pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. The acute effect of NO synthase (NOS) inhibition on pulmonary arteriolar tone was assessed in a transgenic mouse model (TgAD) of AD (C57BL/6‐Tg(Thy1‐APPSwDutIowa)BWevn/Mmjax) and age‐matched wild‐type controls (C57BL/6J). Arteriolar diameters were measured before and after the administration of the NOS inhibitor, L‐NAME. Lung superoxide formation (DHE) and formation of nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) were assessed as indicators of oxidative stress, inducible NOS (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) expression as indicators of inflammation. Administration of L‐NAME caused either significant pulmonary arteriolar constriction or no change from baseline tone in wild‐type (WT) mice, and significant arteriolar dilation in TgAD mice. DHE, 3‐NT, TNF‐α, and iNOS expression were higher in TgAD lung tissue, compared to WT mice. These data suggest L‐NAME could induce increased pulmonary arteriolar tone in WT mice from loss of bioavailable NO. In contrast, NOS inhibition with L‐NAME had a vasodilator effect in TgAD mice, potentially caused by decreased reactive nitrogen species formation, while significant oxidative stress and inflammation were present. We conclude that AD may increase pulmonary microvascular tone as a result of loss of bioavailable NO and increased oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that AD may have systemic microvascular implications beyond central neural control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Radhika A Vaishnav
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Robert Drinovac
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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27
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LeBlanc AJ, Kelm NQ. Thrombospondin-1, Free Radicals, and the Coronary Microcirculation: The Aging Conundrum. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:785-801. [PMID: 28762749 PMCID: PMC5647494 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Successful matching of cardiac metabolism to perfusion is accomplished primarily through vasodilation of the coronary resistance arterioles, but the mechanism that achieves this effect changes significantly as aging progresses and involves the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent Advances: A matricellular protein, thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), has been shown to be a prolific contributor to the production and modulation of ROS in large conductance vessels and in the peripheral circulation. Recently, the presence of physiologically relevant circulating Thbs-1 levels was proven to also disrupt vasodilation to nitric oxide (NO) in coronary arterioles from aged animals, negatively impacting coronary blood flow reserve. CRITICAL ISSUES This review seeks to reconcile how ROS can be successfully utilized as a substrate to mediate vasoreactivity in the coronary microcirculation as "normal" aging progresses, but will also examine how Thbs-1-induced ROS production leads to dysfunctional perfusion and eventual ischemia and why this is more of a concern in advancing age. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Current therapies that may effectively disrupt Thbs-1 and its receptor CD47 in the vascular wall and areas for future exploration will be discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 785-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J LeBlanc
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Natia Q Kelm
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
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28
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Abstract
The heart is uniquely responsible for providing its own blood supply through the coronary circulation. Regulation of coronary blood flow is quite complex and, after over 100 years of dedicated research, is understood to be dictated through multiple mechanisms that include extravascular compressive forces (tissue pressure), coronary perfusion pressure, myogenic, local metabolic, endothelial as well as neural and hormonal influences. While each of these determinants can have profound influence over myocardial perfusion, largely through effects on end-effector ion channels, these mechanisms collectively modulate coronary vascular resistance and act to ensure that the myocardial requirements for oxygen and substrates are adequately provided by the coronary circulation. The purpose of this series of Comprehensive Physiology is to highlight current knowledge regarding the physiologic regulation of coronary blood flow, with emphasis on functional anatomy and the interplay between the physical and biological determinants of myocardial oxygen delivery. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:321-382, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gregory M Dick
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 872 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA
| | - Alexander M Kiel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, Lafayette, IN
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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29
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Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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30
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Friederich-Persson M, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Persson P, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Brown Adipose Tissue Regulates Small Artery Function Through NADPH Oxidase 4–Derived Hydrogen Peroxide and Redox-Sensitive Protein Kinase G-1α. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:455-465. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Biomedical interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has increased since the discovery of functionally active BAT in adult humans. Although white adipose tissue (WAT) influences vascular function, vascular effects of BAT are elusive. Thus, we investigated the regulatory role and putative vasoprotective effects of BAT, focusing on hydrogen peroxide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4), and redox-sensitive signaling.
Approach and Results—
Vascular reactivity was assessed in wild-type and Nox4-knockout mice (Nox4
−/−
) by wire myography in the absence and presence of perivascular adipose tissue of different phenotypes from various adipose depots: (1) mixed WAT/BAT (inguinal adipose tissue) and (2) WAT (epididymal visceral fat) and BAT (intrascapular fat). In wild-type mice, epididymal visceral fat and perivascular adipose tissue increased EC
50
to noradrenaline without affecting maximum contraction. BAT increased EC
50
and significantly decreased maximum contraction, which were prevented by a hydrogen peroxide scavenger (polyethylene glycated catalase) and a specific cyclic GMP–dependent protein kinase G type-1α inhibitor (DT-3), but not by inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase or guanylate cyclase. BAT induced dimerization of cyclic GMP–dependent protein kinase G type-1α and reduced phosphorylation of myosin light chain phosphatase subunit 1 and myosin light chain 20. BAT from Nox4-knockout mice displayed reduced hydrogen peroxide levels and no anticontractile effects. Perivascular adipose tissue from β
3
agonist–treated mice displayed browned perivascular adipose tissue and an increased anticontractile effect.
Conclusions—
We identify a novel vasoprotective action of BAT through an anticontractile effect that is mechanistically different to WAT. Specifically, BAT, via Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide, induces cyclic GMP–dependent protein kinase G type-1α activation, resulting in reduced vascular contractility. BAT may constitute an interesting therapeutic target to restore vascular function and prevent vascular complications in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Friederich-Persson
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Persson
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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31
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Ardanaz N, Pagano PJ. Hydrogen Peroxide as a Paracrine Vascular Mediator: Regulation and Signaling Leading to Dysfunction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:237-51. [PMID: 16514169 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of a variety of vascular cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Until recently, major emphasis was placed on the production of superoxide anion (O2–) in the vasculature as a result of its ability to directly attenuate the biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). The short half-life and radius of diffusion of O2– drastically limit the role of this ROS as an important paracrine hormone in vascular biology. On the contrary, in recent years, the O2– metabolite hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has increasingly been viewed as an important cellular signaling agent in its own right, capable of modulating both contractile and growth-promoting pathways with more far-reaching effects. In this review, we will assess the vascular production of H2O2, its regulation by endogenous scavenger systems, and its ability to activate a variety of vascular signaling pathways, thereby leading to vascular contraction and growth. This discussion will include the ability of H2O2 to (i) Initiate calcium flux as well as (ii) stimulate pathways leading to sensitization of contractile elements to calcium. The latter involves a variety of protein kinases that have also been strongly implicated in vascular hypertrophy. Previous Intensive study has emphasized the ability of NADPH oxidase-derived O2– and H2O2 to activate these pathways in cultured smooth muscle cells. However, growing evidence indicates a considerably more complex array of unique oxidase systems in the endothelium, media, and adventitia that appear to participate in these deleterious effects in a sequential and temporal manner. Taken together, these findings seem consistent with a paracrine effect of H2O2 across the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ardanaz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, RM 7044, E&R Building, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
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Nishijima Y, Cao S, Chabowski DS, Korishettar A, Ge A, Zheng X, Sparapani R, Gutterman DD, Zhang DX. Contribution of K V1.5 Channel to Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Human Arteriolar Dilation and Its Modulation by Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2016; 120:658-669. [PMID: 27872049 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulates vascular tone in the human microcirculation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It dilates arterioles by activating large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its mechanisms of action in subjects without CAD (non-CAD) when compared with those with CAD remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that H2O2-elicited dilation involves different K+ channels in non-CAD versus CAD, resulting in an altered capacity for vasodilation during disease. METHODS AND RESULTS H2O2 induced endothelium-independent vasodilation in non-CAD adipose arterioles, which was reduced by paxilline, a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker, and by 4-aminopyridine, a voltage-gated K+ (KV) channel blocker. Assays of mRNA transcripts, protein expression, and subcellular localization revealed that KV1.5 is the major KV1 channel expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and is abundantly localized on the plasma membrane. The selective KV1.5 blocker diphenylphosphine oxide-1 and the KV1.3/1.5 blocker 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen reduced H2O2-elicited dilation to a similar extent as 4-aminopyridine, but the selective KV1.3 blocker phenoxyalkoxypsoralen-1 was without effect. In arterioles from CAD subjects, H2O2-induced dilation was significantly reduced, and this dilation was inhibited by paxilline but not by 4-aminopyridine, diphenylphosphine oxide-1, or 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen. KV1.5 cell membrane localization and diphenylphosphine oxide-1-sensitive K+ currents were markedly reduced in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells from CAD arterioles, although mRNA or total cellular protein expression was largely unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In human arterioles, H2O2-induced dilation is impaired in CAD, which is associated with a transition from a combined large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+- and KV (KV1.5)-mediated vasodilation toward a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-predominant mechanism of dilation. Loss of KV1.5 vasomotor function may play an important role in microvascular dysfunction in CAD or other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nishijima
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Sheng Cao
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Dawid S Chabowski
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Ankush Korishettar
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Alyce Ge
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Rodney Sparapani
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - David X Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI.
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Potassium Channels in Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Growth. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:89-144. [PMID: 28212804 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium channels importantly contribute to the regulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction and growth. They are the dominant ion conductance of the VSM cell membrane and importantly determine and regulate membrane potential. Membrane potential, in turn, regulates the open-state probability of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC), Ca2+ influx through VGCC, intracellular Ca2+, and VSM contraction. Membrane potential also affects release of Ca2+ from internal stores and the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile machinery such that K+ channels participate in all aspects of regulation of VSM contraction. Potassium channels also regulate proliferation of VSM cells through membrane potential-dependent and membrane potential-independent mechanisms. VSM cells express multiple isoforms of at least five classes of K+ channels that contribute to the regulation of contraction and cell proliferation (growth). This review will examine the structure, expression, and function of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels, multiple isoforms of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, and inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels in both contractile and proliferating VSM cells.
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Krishnamoorthy-Natarajan G, Koide M. BK Channels in the Vascular System. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 128:401-38. [PMID: 27238270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoregulation of blood flow is essential for the preservation of organ function to ensure continuous supply of oxygen and essential nutrients and removal of metabolic waste. This is achieved by controlling the diameter of muscular arteries and arterioles that exhibit a myogenic response to changes in arterial blood pressure, nerve activity and tissue metabolism. Large-conductance voltage and Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels (BK channels), expressed exclusively in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the vascular wall of healthy arteries, play a critical role in regulating the myogenic response. Activation of BK channels by intracellular, local, and transient ryanodine receptor-mediated "Ca(2+) sparks," provides a hyperpolarizing influence on the SMC membrane potential thereby decreasing the activity of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and limiting Ca(2+) influx to promote SMC relaxation and vasodilation. The BK channel α subunit, a large tetrameric protein with each monomer consisting of seven-transmembrane domains, a long intracellular C-terminal tail and an extracellular N-terminus, associates with the β1 and γ subunits in vascular SMCs. The BK channel is regulated by factors originating within the SMC or from the endothelium, perivascular nerves and circulating blood, that significantly alter channel gating properties, Ca(2+) sensitivity and expression of the α and/or β1 subunit. The BK channel thus serves as a central receiving dock that relays the effects of the changes in several such concomitant autocrine and paracrine factors and influences cardiovascular health. This chapter describes the primary mechanism of regulation of myogenic response by BK channels and the alterations to this mechanism wrought by different vasoactive mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Koide
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Kobuchi S, Miura K, Iwao H, Ayajiki K. Nitric oxide modulation of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in agonist-induced depressor responses in anesthetized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Thengchaisri N, Hein TW, Ren Y, Kuo L. Endothelin-1 impairs coronary arteriolar dilation: Role of p38 kinase-mediated superoxide production from NADPH oxidase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015. [PMID: 26211713 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide, are implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases by exerting vasoconstriction. The aim of this study was to address whether ET-1, at sub-vasomotor concentrations, elicits adverse effects on coronary microvascular function. Porcine coronary arterioles (50-100μm) were isolated, cannulated and pressurized without flow for in vitro study. Diameter changes were recorded using a videomicrometer. Arterioles developed basal tone (60±3μm) and dilated to the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilators serotonin (1nmol/L to 0.1μmol/L) and adenosine (1nmol/L to 10μmol/L). Treating the vessels with a clinically relevant sub-vasomotor concentration of ET-1 (10pmol/L, 60min) significantly attenuated arteriolar dilations to adenosine and serotonin but not to endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside. The arteriolar wall contains ETA receptors and the adverse effect of ET-1 was prevented by ETA receptor antagonist BQ123, the superoxide scavenger Tempol, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and VAS2870, the NOX2-based NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91 ds-tat, or the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580. However, ETB receptor antagonist BQ788, H2O2 scavenger catalase, scrambled gp91 ds-tat, or inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol), PKC (Gö 6983), Rho kinase (Y27632), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SP600125) did not protect the vessel. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ET-1 elicited Tempol-, apocynin- and SB203580-sensitive superoxide productions in the arteriolar wall. Our results indicate that exposure of coronary arterioles to a pathophysiological, sub-vasomotor concentration of ET-1 leads to vascular dysfunction by impairing endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation via p38 kinase-mediated production of superoxide from NADPH oxidase following ETA receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
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Csató V, Pető A, Fülöp GÁ, Rutkai I, Pásztor ET, Fagyas M, Kalász J, Édes I, Tóth A, Papp Z. Myeloperoxidase evokes substantial vasomotor responses in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles of the rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:109-23. [PMID: 25760778 PMCID: PMC4654238 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyses the formation of a wide variety of oxidants, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and contributes to cardiovascular disease progression. We hypothesized that during its action MPO evokes substantial vasomotor responses. Methods Following exposure to MPO (1.92 mU mL−1) in the presence of increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), changes in arteriolar diameter of isolated gracilis skeletal muscle arterioles (SMAs) and coronary arterioles (CAs) and in the isometric force in basilar arteries (BAs) of the rat were monitored. Results Myeloperoxidase increased vascular tone to different degrees in CAs, SMAs and BAs. The mechanism of increased vasoconstriction was studied in detail in SMAs. MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions were prevented by the MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzhydrazide (50 μm), by endothelium removal in the SMAs. Surprisingly, the HOCl scavenger L-methionine (100 μm), the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist SQ-29548 (1 μm) or the non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) antagonist indomethacin (1 μm) converted the MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions to pronounced vasodilations in SMAs, not seen in the presence of H2O2. In contrast to noradrenaline-induced vasoconstrictions, the MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions were not accompanied by significant increases in arteriolar [Ca2+] levels in SMAs. Conclusion These data showed that H2O2-derived HOCl to be a potent vasoconstrictor upon MPO application. HOCl activated the COX pathway, causing the synthesis and release of a TXA2-like substance to increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in vascular smooth muscle cells and thereby to augment H2O2-evoked vasoconstrictions. Nevertheless, inhibition of the HOCl–COX–TXA2 pathway unmasked the effects of additional MPO-derived radicals with a marked vasodilatory potential in SMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Csató
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Pető
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - G. Á. Fülöp
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - I. Rutkai
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - E. T. Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - M. Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - J. Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - I. Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Z. Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
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Madsen TG, Cieslar SRL, Trout DR, Nielsen MO, Cant JP. Inhibition of local blood flow control systems in the mammary glands of lactating cows affects uptakes of energy metabolites from blood. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3046-58. [PMID: 25747825 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To test the effect of mammary blood flow on net uptakes of milk precursors by the mammary glands, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) were infused into the mammary circulation of 4 lactating cows. Inhibitors were infused in a 4×4 Latin square design, where treatments were infusion for 1 h of saline, NOS inhibitor (Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride), COX inhibitor (indomethacin), or both NOS + COX inhibitors into one external iliac artery. Para-aminohippuric acid was also infused to allow for estimation of iliac plasma flow (IPF), of which approximately 80% flows to the mammary glands. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after inhibitor infusion from the contralateral external iliac artery and ipsilateral mammary vein. Inhibition of COX and NOS each produced a decrease in IPF, although the NOS effect was smaller and IPF continued to be depressed throughout the recovery period. The combination of COX and NOS inhibition produced a 50% depression in IPF and there was no carryover into the recovery period. Treatments that depressed IPF also increased arterial concentrations of acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and glucose. Similarly, arteriovenous differences of acetate, BHBA, and glucose were all increased during IPF depression. To correct for a potential effect of arterial concentration, arteriovenous differences were normalized to arterial concentration, producing an extraction percentage. Inhibition of COX increased glucose extraction and tended to increase acetate and BHBA extraction. Dual inhibition only increased BHBA extraction and had no effect on mammary extraction of other metabolites. These extractions did not increase because clearances of glucose and TAG decreased as IPF decreased, and clearances of acetate and BHBA tended to decrease. Net uptake of TAG was depressed by dual NOS/COX inhibition, whereas uptakes of acetate, BHBA, and glucose were not affected by any of the treatments. To separate effects of flow from effects of arterial concentration, uptakes were regressed against IPF and arterial concentration simultaneously. According to the slopes of the regressions, a 10% decrease in IPF from the mean observed during saline infusion resulted in 3.8, 7.3, and 10.4% decreases in uptakes of acetate, glucose, and triacylglycerol, respectively. These findings indicate that mammary blood flow affects milk precursor uptake, and that clearance should not be assumed constant to predict mammary uptakes of milk precursors in situations where blood flow is changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Madsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S R L Cieslar
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D R Trout
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M O Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - J P Cant
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Veit F, Pak O, Brandes RP, Weissmann N. Hypoxia-dependent reactive oxygen species signaling in the pulmonary circulation: focus on ion channels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:537-52. [PMID: 25545236 PMCID: PMC4322788 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An acute lack of oxygen in the lung causes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which optimizes gas exchange. In contrast, chronic hypoxia triggers a pathological vascular remodeling causing pulmonary hypertension, and ischemia can cause vascular damage culminating in lung edema. RECENT ADVANCES Regulation of ion channel expression and gating by cellular redox state is a widely accepted mechanism; however, it remains a matter of debate whether an increase or a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs under hypoxic conditions. Ion channel redox regulation has been described in detail for some ion channels, such as Kv channels or TRPC6. However, in general, information on ion channel redox regulation remains scant. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS In addition to the debate of increased versus decreased ROS production during hypoxia, we aim here at describing and deciphering why different oxidants, under different conditions, can cause both activation and inhibition of channel activity. While the upstream pathways affecting channel gating are often well described, we need a better understanding of redox protein modifications to be able to determine the complexity of ion channel redox regulation. Against this background, we summarize the current knowledge on hypoxia-induced ROS-mediated ion channel signaling in the pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veit
- 1 Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Giessen, Germany
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Gano LB, Donato AJ, Pasha HM, Hearon CM, Sindler AL, Seals DR. The SIRT1 activator SRT1720 reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction, excessive superoxide production, and inflammation with aging in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1754-63. [PMID: 25326534 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00377.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in arterial SIRT1 expression and activity with aging are linked to vascular endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that the specific SIRT1 activator SRT1720 improves endothelial function [endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD)] in old mice. Young (4-9 mo) and old (29-32 mo) male B6D2F1 mice treated with SRT1720 (100 mg/kg body wt) or vehicle for 4 wk were studied with a group of young controls. Compared with the young controls, aortic SIRT1 expression and activity were reduced (P < 0.05) and EDD was impaired (83 ± 2 vs. 96 ± 1%; P < 0.01) in old vehicle-treated animals. SRT1720 normalized SIRT1 expression/activity in old mice and restored EDD (95 ± 1%) by enhancing cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated dilation and protein expression in the absence of changes in nitric oxide bioavailability. Aortic superoxide production and expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were increased in old vehicle mice (P < 0.05), and ex vivo administration of the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL restored EDD in that group. SRT1720 normalized aortic superoxide production in old mice, without altering NOX4 and abolished the improvement in EDD with TEMPOL, while selectively increasing aortic antioxidant enzymes. Aortic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were increased in old vehicle mice (P < 0.05), whereas SRT1720 normalized NF-κB activation and reduced TNF-α in old animals. SIRT1 activation with SRT1720 ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging in mice by enhancing COX-2 signaling and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Specific activation of SIRT1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for age-related endothelial dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Gano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hamza M Pasha
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher M Hearon
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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A role for the sodium pump in H2O2-induced vasorelaxation in porcine isolated coronary arteries. Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:25-35. [PMID: 25258292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been proposed to act as a factor for endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) and EDH may act as a 'back up' system to compensate the loss of the NO pathway. Here, the mechanism of action of H2O2 in porcine isolated coronary arteries (PCAs) was investigated. Distal PCAs were mounted in a wire myograph and pre-contracted with U46619 (1nM-50μM), a thromboxane A2-mimetic or KCl (60mM). Concentration-response curves to H2O2(1μM-1mM), bradykinin (0.01nM-1μM), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (10nM-10μM), verapamil (1nM-10μM), KCl (0-20mM) or Ca(2+)-reintroduction (1μM-10mM) were constructed in the presence of various inhibitors. Activity of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump was measured through rubidium-uptake using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. H2O2 caused concentration-dependent vasorelaxations with a maximum relaxation (Rmax) of 100±16% (mean±SEM), pEC50=4.18±0.20 (n=4) which were significantly inhibited by PEG-catalase at 0.1-1.0mM H2O2 (P<0.05). 10mM TEA significantly inhibited the relaxation up to 100μM H2O2 (P<0.05). 60mM K(+) and 500nM ouabain significantly inhibited H2O2-induced vasorelaxation producing a relaxation of 40.8±8.5% (n=5) and 47.5±8.6% (n=6) respectively at 1mM H2O2 (P<0.0001). H2O2-induced vasorelaxation was unaffected by the removal of endothelium, inhibition of NO, cyclo-oxygenase, gap junctions, SKCa, IKCa, BKCa Kir, KV, KATP or cGMP. 100μM H2O2 had no effects on the KCl-induced vasorelaxation or Ca(2+)-reintroduction contraction. 1mM H2O2 inhibited both KCl-induced vasorelaxation and rubidium-uptake consistent with inhibition of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump activity. We have shown that the vascular actions of H2O2 are sensitive to ouabain and high concentrations of H2O2 are able to modulate the Na(+)/K(+)-pump. This may contribute towards its vascular actions.
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Csató V, Pető A, Koller Á, Édes I, Tóth A, Papp Z. Hydrogen peroxide elicits constriction of skeletal muscle arterioles by activating the arachidonic acid pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103858. [PMID: 25093847 PMCID: PMC4122381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The molecular mechanisms of the vasoconstrictor responses evoked by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have not been clearly elucidated in skeletal muscle arterioles. Methods and Results Changes in diameter of isolated, cannulated and pressurized gracilis muscle arterioles (GAs) of Wistar-Kyoto rats were determined under various test conditions. H2O2 (10–100 µM) evoked concentration-dependent constrictions in the GAs, which were inhibited by endothelium removal, or by antagonists of phospholipase A (PLA; 100 µM 7,7-dimethyl-(5Z,8Z)-eicosadienoic acid), protein kinase C (PKC; 10 µM chelerythrine), phospholipase C (PLC; 10 µM U-73122), or Src family tyrosine kinase (Src kinase; 1 µM Src Inhibitor-1). Antagonists of thromboxane A2 (TXA2; 1 µM SQ-29548) or the non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (10 µM) converted constrictions to dilations. The COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560, 1 µM) demonstrated a greater reduction in constriction and conversion to dilation than that of COX-2 (celecoxib, 3 µM). H2O2 did not elicit significant changes in arteriolar Ca2+ levels measured with Fura-2. Conclusions These data suggest that H2O2 activates the endothelial Src kinase/PLC/PKC/PLA pathway, ultimately leading to the synthesis and release of TXA2 by COX-1, thereby increasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle cells and eliciting constriction in rat skeletal muscle arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Csató
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Pető
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Koller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Fedele F, Severino P, Bruno N, Stio R, Caira C, D'Ambrosi A, Brasolin B, Ohanyan V, Mancone M. Role of ion channels in coronary microcirculation: a review of the literature. Future Cardiol 2014; 9:897-905. [PMID: 24180545 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal coronary arteries, several different mechanisms of blood flow regulation exist, acting at different levels of the coronary tree: endothelial, nervous, myogenic and metabolic regulation. In addition, physiologic blood flow regulation is also dependent on the activity of several coronary ion channels, including ATP-dependent K(+) channels, voltage-gated K(+) channels and others. In this context, ion channels contribute by matching demands for homeostatic maintenance. They play a primary role in rapid response of both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells of larger and smaller arterial vessels of the coronary bed, leading to coronary vasodilation. Consequently, an alteration in ion channel function or expression could be directly involved in coronary vasomotion dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology & Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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Cieslar S, Madsen T, Purdie N, Trout D, Osborne V, Cant J. Mammary blood flow and metabolic activity are linked by a feedback mechanism involving nitric oxide synthesis. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2090-100. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen W, Liu DJ, Huo YM, Wu ZY, Sun YW. Reactive oxygen species are involved in regulating hypocontractility of mesenteric artery to norepinephrine in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:386-95. [PMID: 24719556 PMCID: PMC3979991 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the hypocontractility of visceral artery to vasoconstrictors and formation of hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis with portal hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the mesenteric artery contractility in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats, and the roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) desensitization and RhoA /Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) pathways. Methods: The mesenteric artery contraction to norepinephrine (NE) was determined by vessel perfusion system following treatments with apocynin, tempol or PEG-catalase. The protein expression of α1 adrenergic receptor, β-arrestin-2, ROCK-1, moesin and p-moesin was measured by western blot. The interaction between α1 adrenergic receptor and β-arrestin-2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. Results: Pretreatment with apocynin or PEG-catalase in cirrhotic rats, the hydrogen peroxide level in the mesenteric arteriole was significantly decreased, and the dose-response curve of mesenteric arteriole to NE moved to the left with EC50 decreased. There was no significant change for the expression of α1 adrenergic receptor. However, the protein expression of β-arrestin-2 and its affinity with α1 adrenergic receptor were significantly decreased. The ROCK-1 activity and anti- Y-27632 inhibition in cirrhotic rats increased significantly with the protein expression unchanged. Such effects were not observed in tempol-treated group. Conclusion: The H2O2 decrease in mesenteric artery from rats with cirrhosis resulted in down regulation of the β-arrestin-2 expression and its binding ability with α1 adrenergic receptor, thereby affecting the agonist-induced ROCK activation and improving the contractile response in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan-Miao Huo
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Bretón-Romero R, Lamas S. Hydrogen peroxide signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2014; 2:529-34. [PMID: 24634835 PMCID: PMC3953958 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling is implicated in different physiological and pathological events in the vasculature. Among the different reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very good candidate to perform functions as an intracellular messenger in the regulation of several biological events. In this review, we summarize the main physiological sources of H2O2 in the endothelium and the molecular mechanisms by which it is able to act as a signaling mediator in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bretón-Romero
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' CSIC-UAM, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' CSIC-UAM, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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Ovariectomy increases the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in the relaxation of rat aorta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73474. [PMID: 24058477 PMCID: PMC3772950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the downstream NO release pathway and the contribution of different vasodilator mediators in the acetylcholine-induced response in rat aorta 5-months after the loss of ovarian function. Aortic segments from ovariectomized and control female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to measure: the levels of superoxide anion, the superoxide dismutases (SODs) activity, the cGMP formation, the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity and the involvement of NO, cGMP, hydrogen peroxide and hyperpolarizing mechanisms in the ACh-induced relaxation. The results showed that ovariectomy did not alter ACh-induced relaxation; incubation with L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, decreased the ACh-induced response to a lesser extent in aorta from ovariectomized than from control rats, while ODQ, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, decreased that response to a similar extent; the blockade of hyperpolarizing mechanisms, by precontracting arteries with KCl, decreased the ACh-induced response to a greater extent in aortas from ovariectomized than those from control rats; catalase, that decomposes hydrogen peroxide, decreased the ACh-induced response only in aorta from ovariectomized rats. In addition, ovariectomy increased superoxide anion levels and SODs activity, decreased cGMP formation and increased PKG activity. Despite the increased superoxide anion and decreased cGMP in aorta from ovariectomized rats, ACh-induced relaxation is maintained by the existence of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in which hydrogen peroxide participates. The greater contribution of hydrogen peroxide in ACh-induced relaxation is due to increased SOD activity, in an attempt to compensate for increased superoxide anion formation. Increased PKG activity could represent a redundant mechanism to ensure vasodilator function in the aorta of ovariectomized rats.
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Kuo L, Hein TW. Vasomotor regulation of coronary microcirculation by oxidative stress: role of arginase. Front Immunol 2013; 4:237. [PMID: 23966996 PMCID: PMC3746455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species, i.e., oxidative stress, is associated with the activation of redox signaling pathways linking to inflammatory insults and cardiovascular diseases by impairing endothelial function and consequently blood flow dysregulation due to microvascular dysfunction. This review focuses on the regulation of vasomotor function in the coronary microcirculation by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) during oxidative stress and inflammation related to the activation of L-arginine consuming enzyme arginase. Superoxide produced in the vascular wall compromises vasomotor function by not only scavenging endothelium-derived NO but also inhibiting prostacyclin synthesis due to formation of peroxynitrite. The upregulation of arginase contributes to the deficiency of endothelial NO and microvascular dysfunction in various vascular diseases by initiating or following oxidative stress and inflammation. Hydrogen peroxide, a diffusible and stable oxidizing agent, exerts vasodilator function and plays important roles in the physiological regulation of coronary blood flow. In occlusive coronary ischemia, the release of hydrogen peroxide from the microvasculature helps to restore vasomotor function of coronary collateral microvessels with exercise training. However, excessive production and prolonged exposure of microvessels to hydrogen peroxide impairs NO-mediated endothelial function by reducing L-arginine availability through hydroxyl radical-dependent upregulation of arginase. The redox signaling can be a double-edged sword in the microcirculation, which helps tissue survival in one way by improving vasomotor regulation and elicits oxidative stress and tissue injury in the other way by causing vascular dysfunction. The impact of vascular arginase on the development of vasomotor dysfunction associated with angiotensin II receptor activation, hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammatory insults is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Travis W. Hein
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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Xie W, Parker JL, Heaps CL. Exercise training-enhanced, endothelium-dependent dilation mediated by altered regulation of BK(Ca) channels in collateral-dependent porcine coronary arterioles. Microcirculation 2013; 20:170-82. [PMID: 23002811 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test the hypothesis that exercise training increases the contribution of BK(Ca) channels to endothelium-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles from collateral-dependent myocardial regions of chronically occluded pig hearts and may function downstream of H2O2. METHODS An ameroid constrictor was placed around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery to induce gradual occlusion in Yucatan miniature swine. Eight weeks postoperatively, pigs were randomly assigned to sedentary or exercise training (treadmill; 14 week) regimens. RESULTS Exercise training significantly enhanced bradykinin-mediated dilation in collateral-dependent arterioles (~125 μm diameter) compared with sedentary pigs. The BK(Ca) -channel blocker, iberiotoxin alone or in combination with the H2O2 scavenger, polyethylene glycol catalase, reversed exercise training-enhanced dilation in collateral-dependent arterioles. Iberiotoxin-sensitive whole-cell K+ currents (i.e., BK(Ca)-channel currents) were not different between smooth muscle cells of nonoccluded and collateral-dependent arterioles of sedentary and exercise trained groups. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that BK(Ca)-channel activity contributes to exercise training-enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation in collateral-dependent coronary arterioles despite no change in smooth muscle BK(Ca)-channel current. Taken together, our findings suggest that a component of the bradykinin signaling pathway, which stimulates BK(Ca) channels, is enhanced by exercise training in collateral-dependent arterioles and suggest a potential role for H2O2 as the mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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