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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Smith CA, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ, Smielewski P, Helmy A. Candidate neuroinflammatory markers of cerebral autoregulation dysfunction in human acute brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1237-1253. [PMID: 37132274 PMCID: PMC10369156 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231171991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The loss of cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a common and detrimental secondary injury mechanism following acute brain injury and has been associated with worse morbidity and mortality. However patient outcomes have not as yet been conclusively proven to have improved as a result of CA-directed therapy. While CA monitoring has been used to modify CPP targets, this approach cannot work if the impairment of CA is not simply related to CPP but involves other underlying mechanisms and triggers, which at present are largely unknown. Neuroinflammation, particularly inflammation affecting the cerebral vasculature, is an important cascade that occurs following acute injury. We hypothesise that disturbances to the cerebral vasculature can affect the regulation of CBF, and hence the vascular inflammatory pathways could be a putative mechanism that causes CA dysfunction. This review provides a brief overview of CA, and its impairment following brain injury. We discuss candidate vascular and endothelial markers and what is known about their link to disturbance of the CBF and autoregulation. We focus on human traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), with supporting evidence from animal work and applicability to wider neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Smith
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keri LH Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Huang K, Ma T, Li Q, Zhou Y, Qin T, Zhong Z, Tang S, Zhang W, Zhong J, Lu S. Genetic Variants of CYP4F2 Associated with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in the Han Population from Southern China. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:599-607. [PMID: 37342180 PMCID: PMC10278860 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s413632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke is complex. Traditional risk factors cannot fully or only partially explain the occurrence and development of IS. Genetic factors are getting more and more attention. Our study aimed to explore the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to IS. Methods A total of 1322 volunteers were enrolled to perform an association analysis through SNPStats online software. Using FPRP (false-positive report probability) to detect whether the result is a noteworthy finding. The interaction of SNP-SNP in IS risk was assessed by multi-factor dimensionality reduction. Statistical analysis of this study was mainly completed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results Mutant allele "A" (OR = 1.24) and genotype "AA" (OR = 1.49) or "GA" (OR = 1.26) of CYP4F2-rs2108622 are risk genetic factors for IS. Rs2108622 is significantly associated with an increased risk of IS among subjects who are females, aging >60 years old, with BMI ≥24 kg/m2, and smoking or drinking volunteers. CYP4F2-rs3093106 and -rs3093105 are associated with susceptibility to IS among smoking, drinking subjects, or IS patients complicated with hypertension. Conclusion CYP4F2-rs2108622, -rs3093106, and -rs3093105 are associated with an increased risk of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Lukaszewicz K, Falck JR, Lombard J. Effect of Chronically Suppressed Plasma Angiotensin II on Regulation of the CYP4A/20-HETE Pathway in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040783. [PMID: 37107157 PMCID: PMC10135295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats, impaired vascular relaxation can be restored by: (1) minipump infusion of a low (sub-pressor) dose of angiotensin II (ANG II) to restore physiological levels of plasma ANG II, (2) inhibition of 20-HETE production, and (3) introgression of a normally functioning renin allele from the Brown Norway rat (SS-13BN consomic rat). Unlike SS rats, SS-13BN rats have normal levels of ANG II on a normal-salt diet and suppressed ANG II on a high-salt (HS) diet. This study tested whether chronically low ANG II levels in SS rats upregulate cytochrome P450-4A (CYP4A) increasing the production of the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE. Although salt-induced suppression of ANG II levels increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in basilar arteries from SS-13BN rats in previous studies, this study showed no change in vascular 20-HETE levels in response to ANGII suppression. CYP4A inhibition significantly reduced vascular ROS levels and restored endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of SS rats and HS-fed SS-13BN rats. These data demonstrate that both the renin-angiotensin system and the CYP4A/20-HETE pathway play a direct role in the vascular dysfunction of the Dahl SS rat but are independent of each other, even though they may both contribute to vascular dysfunction through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julian Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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5
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Li W, Shao C, Zhou H, Du H, Chen H, Wan H, He Y. Multi-omics research strategies in ischemic stroke: A multidimensional perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101730. [PMID: 36087702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disorder with high rate of death and long-term impairment. Despite years of studies, there are still no stroke biomarkers for clinical practice, and the molecular mechanisms of stroke remain largely unclear. The high-throughput omics approach provides new avenues for discovering biomarkers of IS and explaining its pathological mechanisms. However, single-omics approaches only provide a limited understanding of the biological pathways of diseases. The integration of multiple omics data means the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites, revealing networks of interactions between multiple molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics approaches will provide helpful insights into stroke pathogenesis, therapeutic target identification and biomarker discovery. Here, we consider advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and outline their use in discovering the biomarkers and pathological mechanisms of IS. We then delineate strategies for achieving integration at the multi-omics level and discuss how integrative omics and systems biology can contribute to our understanding and management of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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6
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Alhashim A, Abdelbary M, Sullivan JC, Naeini SE, Elmarakby AA. Sexual dimorphism in renal heme oxygenase-1 and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rats versus normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 161:106650. [PMID: 35618157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated a sexual dimorphism in blood pressure (BP) control in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), however the mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Based on the established role of arachidonic acid metabolites and heme oxygenase (HO) in BP control, we hypothesize that higher BP in male SHR is associated with differential expression in renal HO and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes vs. female SHR. Higher BP in male SHR coincided with significant increases in renal cortical superoxide production and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) levels as measures of oxidative stress compared to normotensive female WKY and female SHR. The elevations in BP and oxidative stress in male SHR were also associated with a decrease in cortical heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression when compared to normotensive female WKY. Although there was no sex or strain differences in cortical expression of the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) producing enzyme, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP2C23), in male and female SHR and WKY, SHR had greater expression of the EETs metabolizing enzyme, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) vs. WKY. Cortical expression of the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) producing enzyme, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP4A), was less in female WKY and SHR compared to strain-matched males and cortical 20-HETE levels were also less in female SHR vs. male SHR. Cortical cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was significantly greater in female SHR and WKY vs. males and cortical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in female SHR was significantly greater than male WKY. In conclusion, our data suggest that sex differences in renal oxidative stress, HO-1 and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes could contribute to sexual dimorphism in hypertension in young SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Sahar Emami Naeini
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Fan L, Wang S, Liu Y, Gao W, Thomas KN, Fan F, Roman RJ. The adducin saga: pleiotropic genomic targets for precision medicine in human hypertension-vascular, renal, and cognitive diseases. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:58-70. [PMID: 34859687 PMCID: PMC8799388 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00119.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Previous genetic studies have nominated hundreds of genes linked to hypertension, and renal and cognitive diseases. Some have been advanced as candidate genes by showing that they can alter blood pressure or renal and cerebral vascular function in knockout animals; however, final validation of the causal variants and underlying mechanisms has remained elusive. This review chronicles 40 years of work, from the initial identification of adducin (ADD) as an ACTIN-binding protein suggested to increase blood pressure in Milan hypertensive rats, to the discovery of a mutation in ADD1 as a candidate gene for hypertension in rats that were subsequently linked to hypertension in man. More recently, a recessive K572Q mutation in ADD3 was identified in Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) and Milan Normotensive (MNS) rats that develop renal disease, which is absent in resistant strains. ADD3 dimerizes with ADD1 to form functional ADD protein. The mutation in ADD3 disrupts a critical ACTIN-binding site necessary for its interactions with actin and spectrin to regulate the cytoskeleton. Studies using Add3 KO and transgenic strains, as well as a genetic complementation study in FHH and MNS rats, confirmed that the K572Q mutation in ADD3 plays a causal role in altering the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow, resulting in increased susceptibility to hypertension-induced renal disease and cerebral vascular and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Letao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kirby N Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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8
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Yi X, Zhou Q, Qing T, Ming B, Lin J, Li J, Lin J. 20-hydroxyeiscosatetraenoic acid may be as a predictor of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in patients with massive middle cerebral artery infarction. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34753429 PMCID: PMC8576932 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of massive middle cerebral artery infarction (MCAI) at risk for malignant MCAI (m-MCAI) may be useful in selecting patients for aggressive therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether CYP metabolites may help to predict impending m-MCAI. Methods This is a prospective, two-center observational study in 256 patients with acute massive MCAI. Plasma levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids were measured at admission. Brain computed tomography (CT) was performed at admission and repeated between day 3 and 7, or earlier if there was neurological deterioration. The primary outcome was m-MCAI. The m-MCAI was diagnosed when follow-up brain CT detected a more than two-thirds space-occupying MCAI with midline shift, compression of the basal cisterns, and neurological worsening. Results In total of 256 enrolled patients, 77 (30.1%) patients developed m-MCAI. Among the 77 patients with m-MCAI, 60 (77.9%) patients died during 3 months of stroke onset. 20-HETE level on admission was significantly higher in patients with m-MCAI than those without m-MCAI. There was an increase in the risk of m-MCAI with increase of 20-HETE levels. The third and fourth quartiles of 20-HETE levels were independent predictors of m-MCAI (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.16 – 6.68; P = 0.025, and OR: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.35 – 8.26; P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Incidence of m-MCAI was high in patients with massive MCAI and the prognosis of m-MCAI is very poor. Elevated plasma 20-HETE may be as a predictor for m-MCAI in acute massive MCAI, and it might useful in clinical practice in therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Qing
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Ming
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of PET/CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Li Z, McConnell HL, Stackhouse TL, Pike MM, Zhang W, Mishra A. Increased 20-HETE Signaling Suppresses Capillary Neurovascular Coupling After Ischemic Stroke in Regions Beyond the Infarct. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:762843. [PMID: 34819839 PMCID: PMC8606525 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.762843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling, the process by which neuronal activity elicits increases in the local blood supply, is impaired in stroke patients in brain regions outside the infarct. Such impairment may contribute to neurological deterioration over time, but its mechanism is unknown. Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke, we show that neuronal activity-evoked capillary dilation is reduced by ∼75% in the intact cortical tissue outside the infarct border. This decrease in capillary responsiveness was not explained by a decrease in local neuronal activity or a loss of vascular contractility. Inhibiting synthesis of the vasoconstrictive molecule 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), either by inhibiting its synthetic enzyme CYP450 ω-hydroxylases or by increasing nitric oxide (NO), which is a natural inhibitor of ω-hydroxylases, rescued activity-evoked capillary dilation. The capillary dilation unmasked by inhibiting 20-HETE was dependent on PGE2 activation of endoperoxide 4 (EP4) receptors, a vasodilatory pathway previously identified in healthy animals. Cortical 20-HETE levels were increased following MCAO, in agreement with data from stroke patients. Inhibition of ω-hydroxylases normalized 20-HETE levels in vivo and increased cerebral blood flow in the peri-infarct cortex. These data identify 20-HETE-dependent vasoconstriction as a mechanism underlying capillary neurovascular coupling impairment after stroke. Our results suggest that the brain's energy supply may be significantly reduced after stroke in regions previously believed to be asymptomatic and that ω-hydroxylase inhibition may restore healthy neurovascular coupling post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Li
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Heather L. McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Teresa L. Stackhouse
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Martin M. Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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10
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Liu Y, Auchus AP, Fan F, Roman RJ. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: the emerging role of 20-HETE. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1929-1944. [PMID: 34374423 PMCID: PMC8783562 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated τ proteins in the brain are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much of the research into the pathogenesis of AD has focused on the amyloid or τ hypothesis. These hypotheses propose that Aβ or τ aggregation is the inciting event in AD that leads to downstream neurodegeneration, inflammation, brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. Multiple drugs have been developed and are effective in preventing the accumulation and/or clearing of Aβ or τ proteins. However, clinical trials examining these therapeutic agents have failed to show efficacy in preventing or slowing the progression of the disease. Thus, there is a need for fresh perspectives and the evaluation of alternative therapeutic targets in this field. Epidemiology studies have revealed significant overlap between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and stroke to the development of cognitive impairment. This strong correlation has given birth to a renewed focus on vascular contributions to AD and related dementias. However, few genes and mechanisms have been identified. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a complex role in hypertension, autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Multiple human genome-wide association studies have linked mutations in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A (CYP4A) genes that produce 20-HETE to hypertension and stroke. Most recently, genetic variants in the enzymes that produce 20-HETE have also been linked to AD in human population studies. This review examines the emerging role of 20-HETE in AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Alexander P. Auchus
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
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11
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Jin M, Kim KM, Lim C, Cho S, Kim YK. Neuroprotective effects of Korean White ginseng and Red ginseng in an ischemic stroke mouse model. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:275-282. [PMID: 35509825 PMCID: PMC9058837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by brain tissue damage following a decrease in oxygen supply to brain due to blocked blood vessels. Reportedly, 80% of all stroke cases are classified as cerebral infarction, and the incidence rate of this condition increases with age. Herein, we compared the efficacies of Korean White ginseng (WG) and Korean Red Ginseng (RG) extracts (WGex and RGex, respectively) in an ischemic stroke mouse model and confirmed the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods Mice were orally administered WGex or RGex 1 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), for 2 h; the size of the infarct area was measured 24 h after MCAO induction. Then, the neurological deficit score was evaluated and the efficacies of the two extracts were compared. Finally, their mechanisms of action were confirmed with tissue staining and protein quantification. Results In the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke mouse model, WGex and RGex showed neuroprotective effects in the cortical region, with RGex demonstrating superior efficacy than WGex. Ginsenoside Rg1, a representative indicator substance, was not involved in mediating the effects of WGex and RGex. Conclusion WGex and RGex could alleviate the brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion, with RGex showing a more potent effect. At 1,000 mg/kg body weight, only RGex reduced cerebral infarction and edema, and both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways were involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungho Jin
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Kursun O, Karatas H, Bariskaner H, Ozturk S. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Neurologic Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:150-159. [PMID: 33982658 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210512013648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Arachidonic acid (ARA) is essential for the fluidity, selective permeability, and flexibility of the cell membrane. It is an important factor for the function of all cells, particularly in the nervous system, immune system, and vascular endothelium. ARA, after docosahexaenoic acid, is the second most common polyunsaturated fatty acid in the phospholipids of the nerve cell membrane. ARA metabolites have many kinds of physiologic roles. The major action of ARA metabolites is the promotion of the acute inflammatory response, mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 and PGI2, followed by the formation of lipid mediators, which have pro-resolving effects. Another important action of ARA derivatives, especially COX, is the regulation of vascular reactivity through PGs and TXA2. There is significant involvement of ARA metabolites in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders. ARA derivatives also make an important contribution to acute stroke, global ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anticoagulation- related hemorrhagic transformation. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss experimental and human study results of neurologic disorders related to ARA and its metabolites in line with treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Kursun
- Ankara City Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Neurointensive Care Unit, Neurology, Turkey
| | - Hulya Karatas
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry Neurology, Turkey
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13
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu CY, Yu T, Fang X, Ryu JJ, Zheng B, Chen Z, Roman RJ, Fan F. 20-HETE-promoted cerebral blood flow autoregulation is associated with enhanced pericyte contractility. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 154:106548. [PMID: 33753221 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that deficiency in 20-HETE or CYP4A impaired the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rats. The present study demonstrated that CYP4A was coexpressed with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and most pericytes along parenchymal arteries (PAs) isolated from SD rats. Cell contractile capabilities of cerebral VSMCs and pericytes were reduced with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016, but restored with 20-HETE analog WIT003. Similarly, intact myogenic responses of the middle cerebral artery and PA of SD rats decreased with HET0016 and were rescued by WIT003. The myogenic response of the PA was abolished in SS and was restored in SS.BN5 and SS.Cyp4a1 rats. HET0016 enhanced CBF and impaired its autoregulation in the surface and deep cortex of SD rats. These results demonstrate that 20-HETE has a direct effect on cerebral mural cell contractility that may play an essential role in controlling cerebral vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Celeste Yc Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Tina Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jane J Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Baoying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Zongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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14
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Bou-Fakhredin R, Dia B, Ghadieh HE, Rivella S, Cappellini MD, Eid AA, Taher AT. CYP450 Mediates Reactive Oxygen Species Production in a Mouse Model of β-Thalassemia through an Increase in 20-HETE Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1106. [PMID: 33498614 PMCID: PMC7865490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the main contributors to cell injury and tissue damage in thalassemia patients. Recent studies suggest that ROS generation in non-transfusion-dependent (NTDT) patients occurs as a result of iron overload. Among the different sources of ROS, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) have been proposed to be major contributors for oxidative stress in several diseases. However, the sources of ROS in patients with NTDT remain poorly understood. In this study, Hbbth3/+ mice, a mouse model for β-thalassemia, were used. These mice exhibit an unchanged or decreased expression of the major NOX isoforms, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, when compared to their C57BL/6 control littermates. However, a significant increase in the protein synthesis of CYP4A and CYP4F was observed in the Hbbth3/+ mice when compared to the C57BL/6 control mice. These changes were paralleled by an increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a CYP4A and CYP4F metabolite. Furthermore, these changes corroborate with onset of ROS production concomitant with liver injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that CYP450 4A and 4F-induced 20-HETE production mediates reactive oxygen species overgeneration in Hbbth3/+ mice through an NADPH-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (R.B.-F.); (B.D.); (H.E.G.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (R.B.-F.); (B.D.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (R.B.-F.); (B.D.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Affinity Group (CAMB), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics-CHOP, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (R.B.-F.); (B.D.); (H.E.G.)
| | - Ali T. Taher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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15
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Lee SE, Kim JH, Lim C, Cho S. Neuroprotective effect of Angelica gigas root in a mouse model of ischemic brain injury through MAPK signaling pathway regulation. Chin Med 2020; 15:101. [PMID: 32983252 PMCID: PMC7509924 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root of Angelica gigas Nakai (Apiaceae) has been traditionally used as an important herbal medicine to treat blood-deficiency-related disorders in Eastern Asian countries, and recently, it has been recognized as a potential candidate for improving cardiovascular diseases. Methods In this study, the neuroprotective effect of a methanol extract of A. gigas root (RAGE) was investigated in a mouse stroke model induced by a 90 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Infarction volumes and morphological changes in brain tissues were measured using TTC, cresyl violet, and H&E staining. The neuroprotective mechanism of RAGE was elucidated through investigation of protein expression levels using western blotting, IHC, and ELISA assays. The plasma concentrations of decursin, a major compound in RAGE, were measured after oral administration of RAGE to SD rats. Results The infarction volumes in brain tissues were significantly reduced and the morphological deteriorations in the brain neuron cells were improved in tMCAO mice when pre-treated with RAGE at 1000 mg/(kg bw·d) for two consecutive days. The neuroprotective mechanism of RAGE was confirmed to attenuate ERK-related MAPK signaling pathways in the ipsilateral hippocampus hemisphere in mice. The concentrations of decursin in rat plasma samples showed peak absorption and elimination in vivo after oral administration of RAGE at 100 mg/rat. Conclusion Mice administered RAGE before the tMCAO operation had less neuronal cell death than those that were not administered RAGE prior to the operation, and this study provides preclinical evidence for use of A. gigas in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
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16
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Staursky D, Lucas K, Nguyen BV, Li M, Liu Y, Washington C, Coolen LM, Fan F, Roman RJ. 20-HETE Enzymes and Receptors in the Neurovascular Unit: Implications in Cerebrovascular Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 33013649 PMCID: PMC7499024 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor that is implicated in the regulation of blood pressure, cerebral blood flow and neuronal death following ischemia. Numerous human genetic studies have shown that inactivating variants in the cytochrome P450 enzymes that produce 20-HETE are associated with hypertension, stroke and cerebrovascular disease. However, little is known about the expression and cellular distribution of the cytochrome P450A enzymes (CYP4A) that produce 20-HETE or the newly discovered 20-HETE receptor (GPR75) in the brain. The present study examined the cell types and regions in the rat forebrain that express CYP4A and GPR75. Brain tissue slices from Sprague Dawley (SD), Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) and CYP4A1 transgenic rat strains, as well as cultured human cerebral pericytes and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, were analyzed by fluorescent immunostaining. Tissue homogenates from these strains and cultured cells were examined by Western blot. In the cerebral vasculature, CYP4A and GPR75 were expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and the glial limiting membrane of pial arteries and penetrating arterioles but not in the endothelium of capillaries. CYP4A, but not GPR75, was expressed in astrocytes. CYP4A and GPR75 were both expressed in a subpopulation of pericytes on capillaries. The diameters of capillaries were significantly decreased at the sites of first and second-order pericytes that expressed CYP4A. Capillary diameters were unaffected at the sites of other pericytes that did not express CYP4A. These findings implicate 20-HETE as a paracrine mediator in various components of the neurovascular unit and are consistent with 20-HETE's emerging role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier integrity, the pathogenesis of stroke and the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Moreover, this study highlights GPR75 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Daniel Staursky
- William and Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Kathryn Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Bond V. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Chad Washington
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lique M. Coolen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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17
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Kloska A, Malinowska M, Gabig-Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipids and Lipid Mediators Associated with the Risk and Pathology of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103618. [PMID: 32443889 PMCID: PMC7279232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a severe neurological disorder in humans that results from an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Worldwide, stoke affects over 100 million people each year and is the second largest contributor to disability. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for stroke that is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Traditional and non-traditional lipid measures are proposed as biomarkers for the better detection of subclinical disease. In the central nervous system, lipids and lipid mediators are essential to sustain the normal brain tissue structure and function. Pathways leading to post-stroke brain deterioration include the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A variety of lipid mediators are generated from fatty acids and these molecules may have either neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on the post-stroke brain tissue; therefore, they largely contribute to the outcome and recovery from stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of serum lipids associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the role of lipid mediators, with particular emphasis on eicosanoids, in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Finally, we summarize the latest research on potential targets in lipid metabolic pathways for ischemic stroke treatment and on the development of new stroke risk biomarkers for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
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18
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Biose IJ, Dewar D, Macrae IM, McCabe C. Impact of stroke co-morbidities on cortical collateral flow following ischaemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:978-990. [PMID: 31234703 PMCID: PMC7181095 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19858532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute hyperglycaemia and chronic hypertension worsen stroke outcome but their impact on collateral perfusion, a determinant of penumbral life span, is poorly understood. Laser-speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) was used to determine the influence of these stroke comorbidities on cortical perfusion after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar rats. Four independent studies were conducted. In animals without pMCAO, cortical perfusion remained stable over 180 min. Following pMCAO, cortical perfusion was markedly reduced at 30 min then gradually increased, via cortical collaterals, over the subsequent 3.5 h. In the contralateral non-ischaemic hemisphere, perfusion did not change over time. Acute hyperglycaemia (in normotensive Wistar) and chronic hypertension (SHRSP) attenuated the restoration of cortical perfusion after pMCAO. Inhaled nitric oxide did not influence cortical perfusion in SHRSP following pMCAO. Thus, hyperglycaemia at the time of arterial occlusion or pre-existing hypertension impaired the dynamic recruitment of cortical collaterals after pMCAO. The impairment of collateral recruitment may contribute to the detrimental effects these comorbidities have on stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifechukwude J Biose
- Stroke and Brain Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Anatomy and Forensic Anthropology, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Dewar
- Stroke and Brain Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Stroke and Brain Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher McCabe
- Stroke and Brain Imaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Strubakos CD, Malik M, Wider JM, Lee I, Reynolds CA, Mitsias P, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Non-invasive treatment with near-infrared light: A novel mechanisms-based strategy that evokes sustained reduction in brain injury after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:833-844. [PMID: 31112450 PMCID: PMC7168789 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19845149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease that causes significant brain injury. While restoration of blood flow is critical to salvage the ischemic brain, reperfusion can exacerbate damage by inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies by our group found that non-invasive mitochondrial modulation with near-infrared (NIR) light limits ROS generation following global brain ischemia. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) to transiently reduce COX activity, attenuate mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, and thus reduce ROS production. We evaluated a specific combination of COX-inhibitory NIR (750 nm and 950 nm) in a rat stroke model with longitudinal analysis of brain injury using magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment with NIR for 2 h resulted in a 21% reduction in brain injury at 24 h of reperfusion measured by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and a 25% reduction in infarct volume measured by T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) at 7 and 14 days of reperfusion, respectively. Additionally, extended treatment reduced brain injury in the acute phase of brain injury, and 7 and 14 days of reperfusion, demonstrating a >50% reduction in infarction. Our data suggest that mitochondrial modulation with NIR attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury and evokes a sustained reduction in infarct volume following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Strubakos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Malik
- Department of Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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20
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Mavangira V, Brown J, Gandy JC, Sordillo LM. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid alters endothelial cell barrier integrity independent of oxidative stress and cell death. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106425. [PMID: 32032703 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated inflammation during bovine mastitis is characterized by severe mammary tissue damage with systemic involvement. Vascular dysfunction underlies tissue pathology because of concurrent oxidative stress mediated by several inflammatory mediators. We recently demonstrated increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450-derived (CYP) oxylipid that correlated with oxidative stress during severe bovine coliform mastitis. The hypothesis for this study was that 20-HETE-induced oxidative stress disrupts barrier function of endothelial cells. Primary endothelial cells from the bovine aorta were utilized to investigate the effects of 20-HETE on barrier integrity in an in-vitro model of oxidative stress. The effects of various antioxidants on modulating the 20-HETE barrier integrity effects also were investigated. Our results showed that 20-HETE decreased endothelial barrier integrity, which was associated with increased reactive metabolite production and decreased total glutathione. The antioxidant, vitamin E, partially delayed the loss of endothelial resistance upon exposure to 20-HETE but did not prevent complete loss of barrier integrity. The decrease in barrier resistance due to 20-HETE was neither associated with oxidative stress as assessed by oxidative protein or lipid damage nor endothelial cell apoptosis; however, selenium supplementation conferred resistance to loss of barrier integrity suggesting a role for shifts in redox status. Specific mechanisms by which 20-HETE alters vascular barrier integrity require further investigation to identify targets for therapy during inflammatory conditions with enhanced CYP450 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Jennifer Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States.
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21
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Shu S, Zhang Z, Spicer D, Kulikowicz E, Hu K, Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Kannan S, Koehler RC, Robertson CL. Administration of a 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Improves Outcome in a Rat Model of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:166-176. [PMID: 31553983 DOI: 10.1159/000500895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid pathway metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. Inhibition of 20-HETE formation can protect the developing brain from global ischemia. Here, we examined whether treatment with the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N-4-butyl-2-methylphenylformamidine (HET0016) can protect the immature brain from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male rats at postnatal day 9-10 underwent controlled cortical impact followed by intraperitoneal injection with vehicle or HET0016 (1 mg/kg, 5 min and 3 h post-injury). HET0016 decreased the lesion volume by over 50% at 3 days of recovery, and this effect persisted at 30 days as the brain matured. HET0016 decreased peri-lesion gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) at 1 day and increased reparative cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) expression at 3 days. It also partially preserved microglial ramified processes, consistent with less activation. HET0016 decreased contralateral hindlimb foot faults and improved outcome on the novel object recognition memory task 30 days after TBI. In cultured BV2 microglia, HET0016 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in release of TNF-α. Our data show that HET0016 improves acute and long-term histologic and functional outcomes, in association with an attenuated neuroinflammatory response after contusion of an immature rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn Spicer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Savalan Babapoor-Farrokhran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
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22
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Conflicting Roles of 20-HETE in Hypertension and Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184500. [PMID: 31514409 PMCID: PMC6770042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of hypertension and hypertension-related stroke is crucial. 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays an important role in vasoconstriction, autoregulation, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier integrity, has been linked to hypertension and stroke. 20-HETE can promote hypertension by potentiating the vascular response to vasoconstrictors; it also can reduce blood pressure by inhibition of sodium transport in the kidney. The production of 20-HETE is elevated after the onset of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; on the other hand, subjects with genetic variants in CYP4F2 and CYP4A11 that reduce 20-HETE production are more susceptible to stroke. This review summarizes recent genetic variants in CYP4F2, and CYP4A11 influencing 20-HETE production and discusses the role of 20-HETE in hypertension and the susceptibility to the onset, progression, and prognosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
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23
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Hirunpattarasilp C, Attwell D, Freitas F. The role of pericytes in brain disorders: from the periphery to the brain. J Neurochem 2019; 150:648-665. [PMID: 31106417 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that disorders of the brain microvasculature contribute to many neurological disorders. In recent years it has become clear that a major player in these events is the capillary pericyte which, in the brain, is now known to control the blood-brain barrier, regulate blood flow, influence immune cell entry and be crucial for angiogenesis. In this review we consider the under-explored possibility that peripheral diseases which affect the microvasculature, such as hypertension, kidney disease and diabetes, produce central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction by mechanisms affecting capillary pericytes within the CNS. We highlight how cellular messengers produced peripherally can act via signalling pathways within CNS pericytes to reshape blood vessels, restrict blood flow or compromise blood-brain barrier function, thus causing neuronal dysfunction. Increased understanding of how renin-angiotensin, Rho-kinase and PDGFRβ signalling affect CNS pericytes may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to reducing the CNS effects of peripheral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
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24
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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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25
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Cipolla MJ, Liebeskind DS, Chan SL. The importance of comorbidities in ischemic stroke: Impact of hypertension on the cerebral circulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:2129-2149. [PMID: 30198826 PMCID: PMC6282213 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18800589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities are a hallmark of stroke that both increase the incidence of stroke and worsen outcome. Hypertension is prevalent in the stroke population and the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Hypertensive disorders promote stroke through increased shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, and large artery stiffness that transmits pulsatile flow to the cerebral microcirculation. Hypertension also promotes cerebral small vessel disease through several mechanisms, including hypoperfusion, diminished autoregulatory capacity and localized increase in blood-brain barrier permeability. Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, also increases the risk of stroke 4-5-fold compared to normal pregnancy that predisposes women to early-onset cognitive impairment. In this review, we highlight how comorbidities and concomitant disorders are not only risk factors for ischemic stroke, but alter the response to acute ischemia. We focus on hypertension as a comorbidity and its effects on the cerebral circulation that alters the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and should be considered in guiding future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- 1 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David S Liebeskind
- 2 Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- 1 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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26
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Koehler RC, Yang ZJ, Lee JK, Martin LJ. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in large animal models: Relevance to human neonatal encephalopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:2092-2111. [PMID: 30149778 PMCID: PMC6282216 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18797328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia resulting in death or lifelong disabilities remains a major clinical disorder. Neonatal models of hypoxia-ischemia in rodents have enhanced our understanding of cellular mechanisms of neural injury in developing brain, but have limitations in simulating the range, accuracy, and physiology of clinical hypoxia-ischemia and the relevant systems neuropathology that contribute to the human brain injury pattern. Large animal models of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, such as partial or complete asphyxia at the time of delivery of fetal monkeys, umbilical cord occlusion and cerebral hypoperfusion at different stages of gestation in fetal sheep, and severe hypoxia and hypoperfusion in newborn piglets, have largely overcome these limitations. In monkey, complete asphyxia produces preferential injury to cerebellum and primary sensory nuclei in brainstem and thalamus, whereas partial asphyxia produces preferential injury to somatosensory and motor cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Mid-gestational fetal sheep provide a valuable model for studying vulnerability of progenitor oligodendrocytes. Hypoxia followed by asphyxia in newborn piglets replicates the systems injury seen in term newborns. Efficacy of post-insult hypothermia in animal models led to the success of clinical trials in term human neonates. Large animal models are now being used to explore adjunct therapy to augment hypothermic neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Koehler
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zeng-Jin Yang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 The Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- 2 The Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Zhang C, Booz GW, Yu Q, He X, Wang S, Fan F. Conflicting roles of 20-HETE in hypertension and renal end organ damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:190-200. [PMID: 29886242 PMCID: PMC6057804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
20-HETE is a cytochrome P450-derived metabolite of arachidonic acid that has both pro- and anti-hypertensive actions that result from modulation of vascular and kidney function. In the vasculature, 20-HETE sensitizes vascular smooth muscle cells to constrictor stimuli and increases myogenic tone. By promoting smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, as well as by acting on the vascular endothelium to cause endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression, and inflammation, 20-HETE contributes to adverse vascular remodeling and increased blood pressure. A G protein-coupled receptor was recently identified as the effector for the vascular actions of 20-HETE. In addition, evidence suggests that 20-HETE contributes to hypertension via positive regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as by causing renal fibrosis. On the other hand, 20-HETE exerts anti-hypertensive actions by inhibiting sodium reabsorption by the kidney in both the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle. This review discusses the pro- and anti-hypertensive roles of 20-HETE in the pathogenesis of hypertension-associated renal disease, the association of gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes with the development of hypertension and renal end organ damage in humans, and 20-HETE related pharmaceutical agents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/metabolism
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/physiology
- Hypertension/complications
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renal Elimination/physiology
- Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency/physiopathology
- Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
- Sodium/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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28
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Abstract
20-HETE, the ω-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and 4F gene families, is a bioactive lipid mediator with potent effects on the vasculature including stimulation of smooth muscle cell contractility, migration and proliferation as well as activation of endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation. Clinical studies have shown elevated levels of plasma and urinary 20-HETE in human diseases and conditions such as hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic kidney diseases. Studies of polymorphic associations also suggest an important role for 20-HETE in hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction. Animal models of increased 20-HETE production are hypertensive and are more susceptible to cardiovascular injury. The current review summarizes recent findings that focus on the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of vascular and cardiac function and its contribution to the pathology of vascular and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
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29
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Role of oxylipins in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1142-1154. [PMID: 29877318 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality. Approximately 18 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing more than 30% of all global deaths. New diagnostic tools and therapies are eagerly required to decrease the prevalence of CVDs related to mortality and/or risk factors leading to CVDs. Oxylipins are a group of metabolites, generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular functions, etc. Thus far, over 100 oxylipins have been identified, and have overlapping and interconnected roles. Important CVD pathologies such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, thrombosis, hemostasis and diabetes have been linked to abnormal oxylipin signaling. Oxylipins represent a new era of risk markers and/or therapeutic targets in several diseases including CVDs. The role of many oxylipins in the progression or regression in CVD, however, is still not fully understood. An increased knowledge of the role of these oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular dysfunctions or CVDs including hypertension could possibly lead to the development of biomarkers for the detection and their treatment in the future.
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30
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Shekhar S, Cunningham MW, Pabbidi MR, Wang S, Booz GW, Fan F. Targeting vascular inflammation in ischemic stroke: Recent developments on novel immunomodulatory approaches. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:531-544. [PMID: 29935175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating and debilitating medical condition with limited therapeutic options. However, accumulating evidence indicates a central role of inflammation in all aspects of stroke including its initiation, the progression of injury, and recovery or wound healing. A central target of inflammation is disruption of the blood brain barrier or neurovascular unit. Here we discuss recent developments in identifying potential molecular targets and immunomodulatory approaches to preserve or protect barrier function and limit infarct damage and functional impairment. These include blocking harmful inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells, microglia/macrophages, or Th17/γδ T cells with biologics, third generation epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) analogs with extended half-life, and miRNA antagomirs. Complementary beneficial pathways may be enhanced by miRNA mimetics or hyperbaric oxygenation. These immunomodulatory approaches could be used to greatly expand the therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Moreover, nanoparticle technology allows for the selective targeting of endothelial cells for delivery of DNA/RNA oligonucleotides and neuroprotective drugs. In addition, although likely detrimental to the progression of ischemic stroke by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death, 20-HETE may also reduce susceptibility of onset of ischemic stroke by maintaining autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Although the interaction between inflammation and stroke is multifaceted, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the pro-inflammatory state at all stages will hopefully help in developing novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve mortality and functional outcome of those inflicted with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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31
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Li XB, Wang J, Xu AD, Huang JM, Meng LQ, Huang RY, Xu J. Clinical effects and safety of electroacupuncture for the treatment of post-stroke depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Acupunct Med 2018; 36:284-293. [PMID: 29776950 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD). METHODS A comprehensive literature search in the Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted, and all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool and Jadad score were used to assess the risk of bias of included studies, and only RCTs scoring ≥3 were included in a meta-analysis. RESULTS 18 RCTs involving a total of 813 participants (mean age 61.6 years) in the EA groups and 723 participants (mean age 61.9 years) in the control groups were included. The included studies had an average 3 point Jadad score. PSD was diagnosed according to the Chinese Classification of Cerebrovascular Disease (CCCD) and the Chinese Classification of Mental Disease (CCMD) criteria. There was no significant difference between EA and antidepressants (fluoxetine 10-40 mg/day, citalopram 20 mg/day, sertraline 50 mg/day) in terms of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores at week 4 after treatment (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.11, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.10), at week 6 after treatment (SMD 0.04, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.51) or at week 8 after treatment (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.22). However, the combined incidence of adverse events in the EA groups was significantly lower than in the antidepressant groups (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.33). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference between EA and antidepressants in the severity of depression, however EA caused fewer adverse events than antidepressants. Additional larger scale RCTs with rigorous study design are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Li
- Stroke Center & Neurology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - An-Ding Xu
- Stroke Center & Neurology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Jian-Min Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Lan-Qing Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Rui-Ya Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
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32
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Liu X, Davis CM, Alkayed NJ. P450 Eicosanoids and Reactive Oxygen Species Interplay in Brain Injury and Neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:987-1007. [PMID: 28298143 PMCID: PMC5849284 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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33
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Avolio A, Kim MO, Adji A, Gangoda S, Avadhanam B, Tan I, Butlin M. Cerebral Haemodynamics: Effects of Systemic Arterial Pulsatile Function and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:20. [PMID: 29556793 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Concepts of pulsatile arterial haemodynamics, including relationships between oscillatory blood pressure and flow in systemic arteries, arterial stiffness and wave propagation phenomena have provided basic understanding of underlying haemodynamic mechanisms associated with elevated arterial blood pressure as a major factor of cardiovascular risk, particularly the deleterious effects of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. This topical review assesses the effects of pulsatility of blood pressure and flow in the systemic arteries on the brain. The review builds on the emerging notion of the "pulsating brain", taking into account the high throughput of blood flow in the cerebral circulation in the presence of mechanisms involved in ensuring efficient and regulated cerebral perfusion. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have provided evidence of the relevance of pulsatility and hypertension in the following areas: (i) pressure and flow pulsatility and regulation of cerebral blood flow, (ii) cerebral and systemic haemodynamics, hypertension and brain pathologies (cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease), (iii) stroke and cerebral small vessel disease, (iv) cerebral haemodynamics and noninvasive estimation of cerebral vascular impedance, (v) cerebral and systemic pulsatile haemodynamics and intracranial pressure, (iv) response of brain endothelial cells to cyclic mechanical stretch and increase in amyloid burden. Studies to date, producing increasing epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence, suggest a potentially significant role of systemic haemodynamic pulsatility on structure and function of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Mi Ok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey Adji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinic, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sumudu Gangoda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Bhargava Avadhanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Isabella Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mark Butlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Cho
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY (S.C., J.Y.); and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C.).
| | - Jiwon Yang
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY (S.C., J.Y.); and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C.)
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35
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Mišir M, Renić M, Novak S, Mihalj M, Ćosić A, Vesel M, Drenjančević I. Hyperbaric oxygenation and 20-hydroxyeicosatetreanoic acid inhibition reduce stroke volume in female diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1596-1606. [PMID: 28940693 DOI: 10.1113/ep086402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is there a beneficial effect and what are the mechanisms of acute and multiple hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO2 ) exposures on the outcome of cerebral tissue injury induced by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in diabetic female rats? Are 20-hydroxyeicosatetreanoic acid and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids involved? What is the main finding and its importance? Equal reduction of cortical and total infarct size in rats treated with HBO2 and HET0016 (20-hydroxyeicosatetreanoic acid production inhibitor) and significant mRNA upregulation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-producing enzymes (Cyp2J3 and Cyp2C11) in treated groups suggest that HBO2 and HET0016 are highly effective stroke treatments and that cytochrome P450 metabolites are involved in this therapeutic effect. We evaluated the effects of acute and repetitive hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO2 ), 20-hydroxyeicosatetreanoic acid (20-HETE) inhibition by N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016) and their combination on experimental stroke outcomes. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic Sprague-Dawley female rats (n = 42; n = 7 per group), were subjected to 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-reperfusion and divided into the following groups: (1) control group, without treatment; and groups exposed to: (2) HBO2 ; (3) multiple HBO2 (HBO2 immediately and second exposure 12 h after t-MCAO); (4) HET0016 pretreatment (1 mg kg-1 , 3 days before t-MCAO) combined with HBO2 after t-MCAO; (5) HET0016 treatment (1 h before, during and for 6 h after t-MCAO); and (6) HET0016 treatment followed by HBO2 after t-MCAO. Messenger RNA expression of CYP2J3, CYP2C11, CYP4A1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and epoxide hydrolase 2 was determined by real-time qPCR. Cortical infarct size and total infarct size were equally and significantly reduced in HBO2 - and HET0016-treated rats. Combined treatment with HET0016 and HBO2 provided no significant additive effect compared with HET0016 treatment only. Messenger RNA of Cyp2J3 was significantly increased in all study groups, and mRNA of Cyp2C11 was significantly increased in the multiple HBO2 group and the HET0016 treatment followed by HBO2 group, compared with the control group. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was significantly increased after HBO2 treatments, and expression of epoxide hydrolase 2 was increased in all groups compared with the control group. In diabetic female Sprague-Dawley rats, HBO2 and HET0016 are highly effective stroke treatments, suggesting the involvement of cytochrome P450 metabolites and the NO pathway in this therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael Mišir
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Neurology Clinic, Osijek, Croatia.,University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Circulatory Physiology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Renić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Circulatory Physiology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Circulatory Physiology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Ćosić
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Circulatory Physiology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Monika Vesel
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Circulatory Physiology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Circulatory Physiology, Osijek, Croatia
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids play important roles in brain function and disease through their complementary actions on cell-cell communications within the neurovascular unit (NVU) and mechanisms of brain injury. Epoxy- and hydroxyeicosanoids, respectively formed by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and ω-hydroxylases, play opposing roles in cerebrovascular function and in pathological processes underlying neural injury, including ischemia, neuroinflammation and oxidative injury. P450 eicosanoids also contribute to cerebrovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes. We summarize studies investigating the roles P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular physiology and disease to highlight the existing balance between these important lipid signaling molecules, as well as their roles in maintaining neurovascular homeostasis and in acute and chronic neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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Özen N, Nasırcılar Ülker S, Ülker P, Özcan F, Aslan M, Şentürk ÜK, Basralı F. Effect of 20-HETE inhibition on L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:292-302. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1368540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Özen
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Pınar Ülker
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özcan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ümit Kemal Şentürk
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Basralı
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Reduced coronary reactive hyperemia in mice was reversed by the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (t-AUCB): Role of adenosine A 2A receptor and plasma oxylipins. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:83-95. [PMID: 28890385 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) protects the heart against ischemia. Adenosine A2AAR-deficient (A2AAR-/-) mice have increased expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH); the enzyme responsible for breaking down the cardioprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). sEH-inhibition enhances CRH, increases EETs, and modulates oxylipin profiles. We investigated the changes of oxylipins and their impact on CRH in A2AAR-/- and wild type (WT) mice. We hypothesized that the attenuated CRH in A2AAR-/- mice is mediated by changes in oxylipin profiles, and that it can be reversed by either sEH- or ω-hydroxylases-inhibition. Compared to WT mice, A2AAR-/- mice had attenuated CRH and changed oxylipin profiles, which were consistent between plasma and heart perfusate samples, including decreased EET/DHET ratios, and increased hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Plasma oxylipns in A2AAR-/- mice indicated an increased proinflammatory state including increased ω-terminal HETEs, decreased epoxyoctadecaenoic/dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acids (EpOMEs/DiHOMEs) ratios, increased 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and increased prostanoids. Inhibition of either sEH or ω-hydroxylases reversed the reduced CRH in A2AAR-/- mice. In WT and sEH-/- mice, blocking A2AAR decreased CRH. These data demonstrate that A2AAR-deletion was associated with changes in oxylipin profiles, which may contribute to the attenuated CRH. Also, inhibition of sEH and ω-hydroxylases reversed the reduction in CRH.
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Szarka N, Amrein K, Horvath P, Ivic I, Czeiter E, Buki A, Koller A, Toth P. Hypertension-Induced Enhanced Myogenic Constriction of Cerebral Arteries Is Preserved after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2315-2319. [PMID: 28249552 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was shown to impair pressure-induced myogenic response of cerebral arteries, which is associated with vascular and neural dysfunction and increased mortality of TBI patients. Hypertension was shown to enhance myogenic tone of cerebral arteries via increased vascular production of 20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETE). This adaptive mechanism protects brain tissue from pressure/volume overload; however, it can also lead to increased susceptibility to cerebral ischemia. Although both effects may potentiate the detrimental vascular consequences of TBI, it is not known how hypertension modulates the effect of TBI on myogenic responses of cerebral vessels. We hypothesized that in hypertensive rats, the enhanced myogenic cerebrovascular response is preserved after TBI. Therefore, we investigated the myogenic responses of isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after severe impact acceleration diffuse brain injury. TBI diminished myogenic constriction of MCAs isolated from normotensive rats, whereas the 20-HETE-mediated enhanced myogenic response of MCAs isolated from SHRs was not affected by TBI. These results suggest that the optimal cerebral perfusion pressure values and vascular signaling pathways can be different and, therefore, should be targeted differently in normotensive and hypertensive patients following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Szarka
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,2 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,3 MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Horvath
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ivic
- 2 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,3 MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,3 MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,4 Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education , Budapest, Hungary .,5 Department of Physiology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Peter Toth
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,2 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,3 MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group , Pecs, Hungary .,6 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Morisseau C, Falck JR, Nayeem MA. Vascular endothelial overexpression of human CYP2J2 (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) modulates cardiac oxylipin profiles and enhances coronary reactive hyperemia in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174137. [PMID: 28328948 PMCID: PMC5362206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is metabolized to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cytochrome (CYP) P450 epoxygenases, and to ω-terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) by ω-hydroxylases. EETs and HETEs often have opposite biologic effects; EETs are vasodilatory and protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, while ω-terminal HETEs are vasoconstrictive and cause vascular dysfunction. Other oxylipins, such as epoxyoctadecaenoic acids (EpOMEs), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), and prostanoids also have varied vascular effects. Post-ischemic vasodilation in the heart, known as coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), protects against potential damage to the heart muscle caused by ischemia. The relationship among CRH response to ischemia, in mice with altered levels of CYP2J epoxygenases has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of endothelial overexpression of the human cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP2J2 in mice (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) on oxylipin profiles and CRH. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of CYP-epoxygenases and inhibition of ω-hydroxylases on CRH. We hypothesized that CRH would be enhanced in isolated mouse hearts with vascular endothelial overexpression of human CYP2J2 through modulation of oxylipin profiles. Similarly, we expected that inhibition of CYP-epoxygenases would reduce CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases would enhance CRH. Compared to WT mice, Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr mice had enhanced CRH, including repayment volume, repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (P < 0.05). Similarly, inhibition of ω-hydroxylases increased repayment volume and repayment duration, in Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr compared to WT mice (P < 0.05). Endothelial overexpression of CYP2J2 significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including increased EETs (P < 0.05), increased EpOMEs (P < 0.05), and decreased 8-iso-PGF2α (P < 0.05). Inhibition of CYP epoxygenases with MS-PPOH attenuated CRH (P < 0.05). Ischemia caused a decrease in mid-chain HETEs (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs P < 0.05) and HODEs (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that vascular endothelial overexpression of CYP2J2, through changing the oxylipin profiles, enhances CRH. Inhibition of CYP epoxygenases decreases CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases enhances CRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - John R. Falck
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Hegeduš I, Milić J, Ćosić A, Buljan K, Drenjančević I. Cerebrovascular reactivity in acute hyperoxia in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Brain Inj 2017; 31:560-566. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1280853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Hegeduš
- Department of Neurology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jakov Milić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Ćosić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Buljan
- Department of Neurology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Morisseau C, Falck JR, Nayeem MA. Vascular Endothelial Over-Expression of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (Tie2-sEH Tr) Attenuates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia in Mice: Role of Oxylipins and ω-Hydroxylases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169584. [PMID: 28056085 PMCID: PMC5215949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) into two vasoactive oxylipins with opposing biologic effects: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and omega-(ω)-terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). EETs have numerous beneficial physiological effects, including vasodilation and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, whereas ω-terminal HETEs induce vasoconstriction and vascular dysfunction. We evaluated the effect of these oxylipins on post-ischemic vasodilation known as coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH). CRH prevents the potential harm associated with transient ischemia. The beneficial effects of EETs are reduced after their hydrolysis to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). ω-terminal HETEs are formed by ω-hydroxylase family members. The relationship among endothelial over-expression of sEH (Tie2-sEH Tr), the changes in oxylipins it may produce, the pharmacologic inhibition of ω-hydroxylases, activation of PPARγ, and CRH response to a brief ischemia is not known. We hypothesized that CRH is attenuated in isolated mouse hearts with endothelial sEH over-expression through modulation of oxylipin profiles, whereas both inhibition of ω-hydroxylases and activation of PPARγ enhance CRH. Compared to WT mice, Tie2-sEH Tr mice had decreased CRH, including repayment volume, repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (P < 0.05), whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases increased these same CRH parameters in Tie2-sEH Tr mice. Inhibition of sEH with t-AUCB reversed the decreased CRH in Tie2-sEH Tr mice. Endothelial over-expression of sEH significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including decreases in DHETs, mid-chain HETEs, and prostaglandins (P < 0.05). Treatment with rosiglitazone, PPARγ-agonist, enhanced CRH (P < 0.05) in both Tie2-sEH Tr and wild type (WT) mice. These data demonstrate that endothelial over-expression of sEH (through changing the oxylipin profiles) attenuates CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases and activation of PPARγ enhance it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Falck
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Toth P, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1-H20. [PMID: 27793855 PMCID: PMC5283909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00581.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies indicate that age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding and targeting the age-related pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in older individuals. Maintenance of cerebral perfusion, protecting the microcirculation from high pressure-induced damage and moment-to-moment adjustment of regional oxygen and nutrient supply to changes in demand are prerequisites for the prevention of cerebral ischemia and neuronal dysfunction. This overview discusses age-related alterations in three main regulatory paradigms involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF): cerebral autoregulation/myogenic constriction, endothelium-dependent vasomotor function, and neurovascular coupling responses responsible for functional hyperemia. The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in aging are explored, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, exacerbation of neurodegeneration, development of cerebral microhemorrhages, microvascular rarefaction, and ischemic neuronal dysfunction and damage. Due to the widespread attention that VCID has captured in recent years, the evidence for the causal role of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in cognitive decline is critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Toth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; and
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Yi X, Lin J, Wang C, Zhou Q. CYP Genetic Variants, CYP Metabolite Levels, and Neurologic Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Population. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:969-978. [PMID: 27916259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of neurologic deterioration (ND) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between CYP genetic variants and CYP metabolite levels with ND in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven CYP genes were genotyped in 396 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The CYP plasma metabolite levels (20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [HETE], total epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [EETs], and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids [DiHETEs]) were also assessed. The primary outcome was ND within 10 days on admission. ND was defined as an increase of two or more points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. RESULTS Among 396 patients, 101 patients (25.5%) experienced ND. The plasma levels of 20-HETE and DiHETEs were significantly higher and the EET levels were significantly lower in patients with ND compared to patients without ND. Univariate analyses revealed that old age, diabetes mellitus (DM), higher fasting glucose, and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with ND. CYP2C8 rs17110453 CC, EPHX2 rs751141 GG, and CYP4A11 rs9333025 GG were independently associated with ND after adjusting age, DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.72; OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29-7.13; OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.24, respectively). Also, these polymorphisms were associated with CYP metabolite levels in patients with ND. CONCLUSIONS ND is fairly common in acute ischemic stroke. Specific CYP gene SNPs are associated with CYP plasma metabolite levels, which may explain their associations with ND. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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45
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Yi X, Han Z, Zhou Q, Lin J, Liu P. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid as a Predictor of Neurological Deterioration in Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:3045-3047. [PMID: 27834744 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between high plasma 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) levels and neurological deterioration (ND) has not been investigated in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke. METHOD We conducted a prospective, multicenter observational study in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of 20-HETE were measured at admission in all patients. The primary end point of the study was ND within 10 days after admission. The degree of disability was assessed using modified Rankin scale at 3 months after admission. RESULTS A total of 322 patients were enrolled, of which 85 patients (26.4%) developed ND. Mean 20-HETE level was 1687±158 pmol/L. On multivariate analyses, high level (>1675 pmol/L) of 20-HETE was an independent predictor of ND (third and fourth quartiles). Neurological deterioration was associated with a higher risk of poor outcome (modified Rankin scale scores 3-6) at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS ND is fairly common in acute minor ischemic stroke and is associated with poor prognosis. Elevated plasma level of 20-HETE may be a predictor for ND in acute minor ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.).
| | - Zhao Han
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.).
| | - Qiang Zhou
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.)
| | - Jing Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.)
| | - Ping Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.)
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Mišir M, Renić M, Mihalj M, Novak S, Drenjančević I. Is shorter transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) duration better in stroke experiments on diabetic female Sprague Dawely rats? Brain Inj 2016; 30:1390-1396. [PMID: 27541599 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1195518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine optimal duration of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) for a stroke model in female diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic SD female rats (n = 25, 12 weeks old, five groups; n = 5 per group) were subjected to different duration of t-MCAO (20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes) followed by reperfusion. A control group of rats without diabetes (n = 5) was subjected to 30 minutes of t-MCAO followed by reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, infarct volumes were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. RESULTS Intra-ischaemic reductions of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were similar in all groups (68-75% of baseline values). Reperfusion was significantly impaired in the 90-minute ischaemia group (56-62% vs 80-125% in other groups). Twenty minutes of t-MCAO induced a small infarct (3 ± 5% of ischaemic hemisphere). Thirty minutes of ischaemia produced a significantly larger infarct (46 ± 6%). In the 45 and 60 minute groups, ischaemia infarct was 52 ± 5% and 59 ± 3% of the ischaemic hemisphere, respectively. Ischaemia of 90' led to a massive stroke (89 ± 6% of ischaemic hemisphere encompassing the whole striatum (22 ± 3%) and almost the whole MCA irrigated cortex area (67 ± 6%)). Thirty minutes of t-MCAO did not produce stroke in the control group. CONCLUSION The diabetic rat stroke model should be different from the non-diabetic, because female type-1 diabetic SD rats are highly sensitive to brain ischaemia and it is necessary to significantly shorten the duration of t-MCAO, optimally to 30 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael Mišir
- a Neurology Clinic , Clinical Hospital Center Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,b Laboratory for Physiology of Circulation, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Marija Renić
- c Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- b Laboratory for Physiology of Circulation, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- b Laboratory for Physiology of Circulation, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- b Laboratory for Physiology of Circulation, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
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The role of 20-HETE in cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:108-17. [PMID: 27287720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in mammals by enzymes of the CYP4A and 4F families to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) which plays an important role in the regulation of renal function, vascular tone and arterial pressure. In the vasculature, 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor, the up-regulation of which contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance in models of obesity, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and vascular oxidative stress. Recent studies have established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenic conditions. We discuss in this review the synthesis of 20-HETE and how it and various autacoids, especially the renin-angiotensin system, interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these actions and the clinical implication of inhibiting 20-HETE production and activity.
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Fan F, Ge Y, Lv W, Elliott MR, Muroya Y, Hirata T, Booz GW, Roman RJ. Molecular mechanisms and cell signaling of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in vascular pathophysiology. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:1427-63. [PMID: 27100515 DOI: 10.2741/4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s enzymes catalyze the metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (HETEs). 20-HETE is a vasoconstrictor that depolarizes vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking K+ channels. EETs serve as endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factors. Inhibition of the formation of 20-HETE impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow. Changes in the formation of EETs and 20-HETE have been reported in hypertension and drugs that target these pathways alter blood pressure in animal models. Sequence variants in CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 that produce 20-HETE, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase involved in the biotransformation of 20-HETE and soluble epoxide hydrolase that inactivates EETs are associated with hypertension in human studies. 20-HETE contributes to the regulation of vascular hypertrophy, restenosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. It also promotes endothelial dysfunction and contributes to cerebral vasospasm and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain, kidney and heart. This review will focus on the role of 20-HETE in vascular dysfunction, inflammation, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and cardiac and renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Matthew R Elliott
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,
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Imig JD. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid on Endothelial and Vascular Function. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 77:105-41. [PMID: 27451096 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial and vascular smooth cells generate cytochrome P450 (CYP) arachidonic acid metabolites that can impact endothelial cell function and vascular homeostasis. The objective of this review is to focus on the physiology and pharmacology of endothelial CYP metabolites. The CYP pathway produces two types of eicosanoid products: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), formed by CYP epoxygenases, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), formed by CYP hydroxylases. Advances in CYP enzymes, EETs, and 20-HETE by pharmacological and genetic means have led to a more complete understanding of how these eicosanoids impact on endothelial cell function. Endothelial-derived EETs were initially described as endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors. It is now well recognized that EETs importantly contribute to numerous endothelial cell functions. On the other hand, 20-HETE is the predominant CYP hydroxylase synthesized by vascular smooth muscle cells. Like EETs, 20-HETE acts on endothelial cells and impacts importantly on endothelial and vascular function. An important aspect for EETs and 20-HETE endothelial actions is their interactions with hormonal and paracrine factors. These include interactions with the renin-angiotensin system, adrenergic system, puringeric system, and endothelin. Alterations in CYP enzymes, 20-HETE, or EETs contribute to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic injury, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Recent advances have led to the development of potential therapeutics that target CYP enzymes, 20-HETE, or EETs. Thus, future investigation is required to obtain a more complete understanding of how CYP enzymes, 20-HETE, and EETs regulate endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Imig
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Yi X, Wu L, Liao D, Wang C, Zhang B. Interactions Among CYP2C8, EPHX2, and CYP4A11 Variants and CYP Plasma Metabolite Levels in Ischemic Stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1286-1293. [PMID: 27087514 PMCID: PMC5065934 DOI: 10.5551/jat.35279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To better understand the relationship between the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 variants and plasma levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites, i.e., 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETEs) in ischemia stroke (IS). Methods: We measured plasma CYP metabolite levels in 218 acute IS cases and 126 controls, and a subset of samples were assessed to further understand the association between relevant variants and IS risk in our previous study. We assessed the associations between variant interactions and levels of 20-HETE, EETs, and DiHETEs as well as the associations between levels of 20-HETE, EETs, and DiHETEs and IS risk after adjusting for other potential confounders. Furthermore, the association between variant interactions and IS risk after adjusting for other covariates, including CYP metabolites levels, was evaluated. Results: The interactions among variants rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 were significantly associated with high 20-HETE, high DiHETEs, and low EETs after adjusting for the status of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. High 20-HETE, high DiHETEs, and low EETs were independent risk factors for IS after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025. Furthermore, the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 were significantly associated with a higher risk of IS after adjusting for CYP metabolites (OR= 2.02, 95% CI: 1.28–5.27, P = 0.007). Conclusion: The association between the interactions among rs17110453, rs751141, and rs9333025 and IS risk in Chinese population may be partly but not exclusively mediated by plasma levels of 20-HETE, EETs, and DHETs. Further well-designed studies are warranted to replicate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City
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