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Sudi S, Thomas FM, Daud SK, Ag Daud DM, Sunggip C. The Pleiotropic Role of Extracellular ATP in Myocardial Remodelling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052102. [PMID: 36903347 PMCID: PMC10004151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodelling is a molecular, cellular, and interstitial adaptation of the heart in response to altered environmental demands. The heart undergoes reversible physiological remodelling in response to changes in mechanical loading or irreversible pathological remodelling induced by neurohumoral factors and chronic stress, leading to heart failure. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the potent mediators in cardiovascular signalling that act on the ligand-gated (P2X) and G-protein-coupled (P2Y) purinoceptors via the autocrine or paracrine manners. These activations mediate numerous intracellular communications by modulating the production of other messengers, including calcium, growth factors, cytokines, and nitric oxide. ATP is known to play a pleiotropic role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making it a reliable biomarker for cardiac protection. This review outlines the sources of ATP released under physiological and pathological stress and its cell-specific mechanism of action. We further highlight a series of cardiovascular cell-to-cell communications of extracellular ATP signalling cascades in cardiac remodelling, which can be seen in hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and atrophy. Finally, we summarize current pharmacological intervention using the ATP network as a target for cardiac protection. A better understanding of ATP communication in myocardial remodelling could be worthwhile for future drug development and repurposing and the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaini Sudi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Macniesia Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kadzirah Daud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Maryama Ag Daud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Health through Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Sunggip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Genetzakis E, Gilchrist J, Kassiou M, Figtree GA. Development and clinical translation of P2X7 receptor antagonists: A potential therapeutic target in coronary artery disease? Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Woo SH, Trinh TN. P2 Receptors in Cardiac Myocyte Pathophysiology and Mechanotransduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010251. [PMID: 33383710 PMCID: PMC7794727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart. So far, the effects of external application of ATP or its analogues, and those of UTP on cardiac contractility and rhythm have been reported. In addition, specific genetic alterations and pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been adopted to discover specific roles of P2 receptor subtypes including P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors in cardiac cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulated data suggest that P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, and that P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis. Recent evidence further demonstrates P2Y1 receptor and P2X4 receptor as important mechanical signaling molecules to alter membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes and their uneven expression profile between right and left atrium.
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Hatano N, Ohya S, Imaizumi Y, Clark RB, Belke D, Giles WR. ATP increases [Ca 2+ ] i and activates a Ca 2+ -dependent Cl - current in rat ventricular fibroblasts. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:666-682. [PMID: 29493027 DOI: 10.1113/ep086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Although electrophysiological and biophysical characteristics of heart fibroblasts have been studied in detail, their responses to prominent paracrine agents in the myocardium have not been addressed adequately. Our experiments characterize changes in cellular electrophysiology and intracellular calcium in response to ATP. What is the main finding and its importance? In rat ventricular fibroblasts maintained in cell culture, we find that ATP activates a specific subset of Ca2+ -activated Cl- channels as a consequence of binding to P2Y purinoceptors and then activating phospholipase C. This response is not dependent on [Ca2+ ]o but requires an increase in [Ca2+ ]i and is modulated by the type of nucleotide that is the purinergic agonist. ABSTRACT Effects of ATP on enzymatically isolated rat ventricular fibroblasts maintained in short-term (36-72 h) cell culture were examined. Immunocytochemical staining of these cells revealed that a fibroblast, as opposed to a myofibroblast, phenotype was predominant. ATP, ADP or uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) all produced large increases in [Ca2+ ]i . Voltage-clamp studies (amphotericin-perforated patch) showed that ATP (1-100 μm) activated an outwardly rectifying current, with a reversal potential very close to the Nernst potential for Cl- . In contrast, ADP was much less effective, and UTP produced no detectable current. The non-selective Cl- channel blockers niflumic acid, DIDS and NPPB (each at 100 μm), blocked the responses to 100 μm ATP. An agonist for P2Y purinoceptors, 2-MTATP, activated a very similar outwardly rectifying C1- current. The P2Y receptor antagonists, suramin and PPADS (100 μm each), significantly inhibited the Cl- current produced by 100 μm ATP. ATP was able to activate this Cl- current when [Ca2+ ]o was removed, but not when [Ca2+ ]i was buffered with BAPTA-AM. In the presence of the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, this Cl- current could not be activated. PCR analysis revealed strong signals for a number of P2Y purinoceptors and for the Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, TMEM16F (also denoted ANO6). In summary, these results demonstrate that activation of P2Y receptors by ATP causes a phospholipase C-dependent increase in [Ca2+ ]i , followed by activation of a Ca2+ -dependent Cl- current in rat ventricular fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Robert B Clark
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darrell Belke
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Smith SB, Xu Z, Novitskaya T, Zhang B, Chepurko E, Pu XA, Wheeler DG, Ziolo M, Gumina RJ. Impact of cardiac-specific expression of CD39 on myocardial infarct size in mice. Life Sci 2016; 179:54-59. [PMID: 27756600 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prior work suggests that ischemic preconditioning increases the level of CD39 in the heart and contributes to cardiac protection. Therefore, we examined if targeted cardiac expression of CD39 protects against myocardial injury. MAIN METHODS Mice with cardiac-specific expression of human CD39 (αMHC/hCD39-Tg) were generated, characterized and subjected to left coronary artery ischemia-reperfusion injury and infarct size at 24h following injury quantified. KEY FINDINGS αMHC/hCD39-Tg mice have increased in cardiac ATPase and ADPase activity compared to WT littermates. The increased activity in αMHC/hCD39-mice was inhibited by the CD39 antagonist sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1). Measurement of basal cardiac function by echocardiography revealed that αMHC/hCD39-Tg mice have a lower resting heart rate and increased stroke volume. In response to myocardial ischemia, systolic and diastolic function was better preserved in αMHC/hCD39-Tg compared to WT mice. Comparison of Tau also revealed preserved cardiac relaxation during ischemia in αMHC/hCD39-Tg hearts. Assessment of myocardial infarct size in response to 60min of ischemia and 24h of reperfusion demonstrated a significant reduction in infarct size in αMHC/hCD39-Tg hearts. Analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes revealed no basal difference in calcium transients between WT and αMHC/hCD39-Tg cardiomyocytes. However, in response to isoproterenol stimulation, there was a trend toward lower calcium transients in αMHC/hCD39 cardiomyocytes suggesting less calcium accumulation in response to metabolic stress. SIGNIFICANCE Cardiac-specific expression of CD39 reduces myocardial dysfunction and infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Increasing nucleotidase expression in the heart may be a novel approach to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhaobin Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xin-An Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Debra G Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Ziolo
- Department of Physiology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Djerada Z, Feliu C, Richard V, Millart H. Current knowledge on the role of P2Y receptors in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2016; 118:5-18. [PMID: 27520402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During ischemia, numerous effective endogenous extracellular mediators have been identified, particularly, nucleosides such as adenosine as well as purinergic and pyrimidinergic nucleotides. They may play important regulatory roles within the cardiovascular system and notably as cardio-protectants. Indeed, the distribution of the P2Y receptors in mammalian heart includes several cellular constituents relevant for the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia. Beside the well-known cardioprotective effect of adenosine, the additional protective role of P2Y receptors has emerged. However, interpretation of experimental results may be sometimes perplexing. This is due to the variability of: the experimental models, the endpoints criteria, the chemical structure of agonist and antagonist ligands and their concentrations, the sequences of drug administration with respect to the model used (before and/or during and/or after ischemia). The net effect may be in the opposite direction after a transient or a prolonged stimulation. Nevertheless, the overall reading of published data highlights the beneficial role of the P2Y2/4 receptor stimulation, the useful and synergistic role of P2Y6/11 receptor activation and even of the P2Y11 receptor alone in cardioprotection. More, the P2Y11 receptor could be involved in counter-regulation of profibrotic processes. Paradoxically, transient P2X7 receptor stimulation could contribute to the net cardioprotective effect of ATP. Recently, experimental data have shown that blocking the P2Y12 receptor after ischemia confers cardioprotection independently of platelet antiaggregatory effect. This suggests for P2Y receptors an important role in primary prevention and as a therapeutic target in myocardial protection during ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubir Djerada
- Department of Pharmacology, E.A.3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Feliu
- Department of Pharmacology, E.A.3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1096, Department of Pharmacology, Rouen, France; Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Millart
- Department of Pharmacology, E.A.3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
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Shen JB, Yang R, Pappano A, Liang BT. Cardiac P2X purinergic receptors as a new pathway for increasing Na⁺ entry in cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1469-77. [PMID: 25239801 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00553.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) are ligand-gated ion channels capable of conducting cations such as Na(+). Endogenous cardiac P2X4R can mediate ATP-activated current in adult murine cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cardiac P2X receptors can induce Na(+) entry and modulate Na(+) handling. We further determined whether P2X receptor-induced stimulation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) has a role in modulating the cardiac contractile state. Changes in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase current (Ip) and NCX current (INCX) after agonist stimulation were measured in ventricular myocytes of P2X4 transgenic mice using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. The agonist 2-methylthio-ATP (2-meSATP) increased peak Ip from a basal level of 0.52 ± 0.02 to 0.58 ± 0.03 pA/pF. 2-meSATP also increased the Ca(2+) entry mode of INCX (0.55 ± 0.09 pA/pF under control conditions vs. 0.82 ± 0.14 pA/pF with 2-meSATP) at a membrane potential of +50 mV. 2-meSATP shifted the reversal potential of INCX from -14 ± 2.3 to -25 ± 4.1 mV, causing an estimated intracellular Na(+) concentration increase of 1.28 ± 0.42 mM. These experimental results were closely mimicked by mathematical simulations based on previously established models. KB-R7943 or a structurally different agent preferentially opposing the Ca(2+) entry mode of NCX, YM-244769, could inhibit the 2-meSATP-induced increase in cell shortening in transgenic myocytes. Thus, the Ca(2+) entry mode of INCX participates in P2X agonist-stimulated contractions. In ventricular myocytes from wild-type mice, the P2X agonist could increase INCX, and KB-R7943 was able to inhibit the contractile effect of endogenous P2X4Rs, indicating a physiological role of these receptors in wild-type cells. The data demonstrate a novel Na(+) entry pathway through ligand-gated P2X4Rs in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bing Shen
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Achilles Pappano
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Yang T, Shen JB, Yang R, Redden J, Dodge-Kafka K, Grady J, Jacobson KA, Liang BT. Novel protective role of endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4 receptors in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:510-8. [PMID: 24622244 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF), despite continuing progress, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) have emerged as potentially important molecules in regulating cardiac function and as potential targets for HF therapy. Transgenic P2X4R overexpression can protect against HF, but this does not explain the role of native cardiac P2X4R. Our goal is to define the physiological role of endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4R under basal conditions and during HF induced by myocardial infarction or pressure overload. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice established with conditional cardiac-specific P2X4R knockout were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation-induced postinfarct or transverse aorta constriction-induced pressure overload HF. Knockout cardiac myocytes did not show P2X4R by immunoblotting or by any response to the P2X4R-specific allosteric enhancer ivermectin. Knockout hearts showed normal basal cardiac function but depressed contractile performance in postinfarct and pressure overload models of HF by in vivo echocardiography and ex vivo isolated working heart parameters. P2X4R coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS) in wild-type cardiac myocytes. Mice with cardiac-specific P2X4R overexpression had increased S-nitrosylation, cyclic GMP, NO formation, and were protected from postinfarct and pressure overload HF. Inhibitor of eNOS, L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine hydrochloride, blocked the salutary effect of cardiac P2X4R overexpression in postinfarct and pressure overload HF as did eNOS knockout. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a new protective role for endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4R in HF and is the first to demonstrate a physical interaction between the myocyte receptor and eNOS, a mediator of HF protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehong Yang
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Jian-bing Shen
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Ronghua Yang
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - John Redden
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Kimberly Dodge-Kafka
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - James Grady
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Bruce T Liang
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.).
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Kumar TS, Yang T, Mishra S, Cronin C, Charkaborty S, Shen JB, Liang BT, Jacobson KA. 5'-Phosphate and 5'-phosphonate ester derivatives of (N)-methanocarba adenosine with in vivo cardioprotective activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:902-14. [PMID: 23286881 PMCID: PMC3574217 DOI: 10.1021/jm301372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of a cardiac myocyte P2X4 receptor protects against heart failure. 5'-Phosphonate and 5'-phosphate analogues of AMP containing a (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) system could protect from heart failure by potentially activating this cardioprotective channel. Phosphoesters and phosphonodiesters were synthesized and administered in vivo via a miniosmotic pump in a mouse ischemic heart failure model and most significantly increased intact heart contractile function (echocardiography) compared to vehicle infusion. Several new thio and deuterated phosphate derivatives were protective in a calsequestrin (CSQ) overexpressing heart failure model. Diethyl (7, MRS4084) and diisopropyl (8, MRS4074) phosphotriesters were highly protective in the ischemic model. Substitution of 2-Cl with iodo reduced protection in the CSQ model. Diisopropyl ester 16 (MRS2978) of (1'S,2'R,3'S,4'R,5'S)-4'-(6-amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl)-2',3'-(dihydroxy)-1'-(phosphonoethylene)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane was highly efficacious (CSQ), while lower homologue 1'-phosphonomethylene derivative 14 was inactive. Thus, we identified uncharged carbocyclic nucleotide analogues that represent potential candidates for the treatment of heart failure, suggesting this as a viable and structurally broad approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Santhosh Kumar
- Molecular Recognition Section, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tiehong Yang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Shilpi Mishra
- Molecular Recognition Section, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chunxia Cronin
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Saibal Charkaborty
- Molecular Recognition Section, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jian-Bing Shen
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Bruce T. Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
Purinergic receptors have attracted growing interest as therapeutic targets. This perspective focuses on P2X(4) receptors as a new cardioprotective target in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Yang
- Calhoun Cardiovascular Center, University of Connecticut Health Center School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Gurung IS, Kalin A, Grace AA, Huang CLH. Activation of purinergic receptors by ATP induces ventricular tachycardia by membrane depolarization and modifications of Ca2+ homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:622-33. [PMID: 19679135 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes are continuously exposed to extracellular nucleotides secreted by the myocytes themselves, nerve terminals, or platelets and other blood cells during coronary perfusion, and the concentrations of such extracellular nucleotides are known to increase during cardiac ischemia and hypoxia. The effects of the extracellular nucleotides ATP, ADP, UTP, and adenosine on ventricular arrhythmogenic properties were explored in 36 Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts using monophasic action potential recording. Extracellular nucleotides induced arrhythmic phenomena in form of ectopic activity and ventricular tachycardia in a potency order of ATP (n=7) > ADP (n=5) > UTP (n=3) approximately adenosine (n=3). The purinergic receptor antagonists suramin and pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo(benzene-2,4-disulphonic acid) reduced the incidence of ATP-triggered arrhythmias. In isolated ventricular myocytes, ATP induced sustained increases in diastolic Ca2+ and triggered multiple Ca2+ waves, which were inhibited by suramin but not by the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine. In whole-cell patch clamp experiments, extracellular ATP induced two distinct types of inward currents, which were inhibited by suramin and PPADS, suggesting activation of P2X receptors. ATP also induced delayed after-depolarizations and ectopic action potentials in current clamped ventricular myocytes. In conclusion, extracellular ATP activates purinergic receptors and induces arrhythmic activity through modifications of Ca2+ homeostasis and an activation of depolarizing membrane currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman S Gurung
- Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building; University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
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P2 purinergic receptor mRNA in rat and human sinoatrial node and other heart regions. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 379:541-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shen JB, Shutt R, Agosto M, Pappano A, Liang BT. Reversal of cardiac myocyte dysfunction as a unique mechanism of rescue by P2X4 receptors in cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1089-95. [PMID: 19201994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01316.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Binary cardiac transgenic (Tg) overexpression of P2X(4) receptors (P2X(4)R) improved the survival of the cardiomyopathic calsequestrin (CSQ) mice. Here we studied the mechanism of rescue using binary P2X(4)R/CSQ Tg and CSQ Tg mice as models. Cellular and intact heart properties were determined by simultaneous sarcomere shortening (SS) and Ca(2+) transients in vitro and echocardiography in vivo. Similar to a delay in death, binary mice exhibited a slowed heart failure progression with a greater left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) and thickness and a concomitant lesser degree of LV dilatation in both systole and diastole at 8 or 12 wk. By 16 wk, binary hearts showed similarly depressed FS and thinned out LV and equal enlargement of LV as did 12-wk-old CSQ hearts. Binary cardiac myocytes showed higher peak basal cell shortening (CS) and SS as well as greater basal rates of shortening and relaxation than did the CSQ myocytes at either 8 or 12 wk. Similar data were obtained in comparing the Ca(2+) transient. At 16 wk, binary myocytes were like the 12-wk-old CSQ myocytes with equally depressed CS, SS, and Ca(2+) transient. CSQ myocytes were longer than myocytes from wild-type and binary mice at 12 wk of age. At 16 wk, the binary myocyte length increased to that of the 12-wk-old CSQ myocyte, parallel to LV dilatation. The data suggest a unique mechanism, which involves a reversal of cardiac myocyte dysfunction and a delay in heart failure progression. It represents an example of targeting the abnormal failing myocyte in treating heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bing Shen
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiovascular Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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