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Marzook H, Gupta A, Jayakumar MN, Saleh MA, Tomar D, Qaisar R, Ahmad F. GSK-3α-BNIP3 axis promotes mitophagy in human cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:235-244. [PMID: 38815772 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated autophagy/mitophagy is one of the major causes of cardiac injury in ischemic conditions. Glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha (GSK-3α) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases. However, the precise role of GSK-3α in cardiac mitophagy remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of GSK-3α in cardiac mitophagy by employing AC16 human cardiomyocytes under the condition of acute hypoxia. We observed that the gain-of-GSK-3α function profoundly induced mitophagy in the AC16 cardiomyocytes post-hypoxia. Moreover, GSK-3α overexpression led to increased ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, accompanied by enhanced mitophagy displayed by increased mt-mKeima intensity under hypoxia. Mechanistically, we identified that GSK-3α promotes mitophagy through upregulation of BNIP3, caused by GSK-3α-mediated increase in expression of HIF-1α and FOXO3a in cardiomyocytes post-hypoxia. Moreover, GSK-3α displayed a physical interaction with BNIP3 and, inhibited PINK1 and Parkin recruitment to mitochondria was observed specifically under hypoxia. Taken together, we identified a novel mechanism of mitophagy in human cardiomyocytes. GSK-3α promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and regulates FOXO3a -mediated BNIP3 overexpression in cardiomyocytes to facilitate mitophagy following hypoxia. An interaction between GSK-3α and BNIP3 suggests a role of GSK-3α in BNIP3 recruitment to the mitochondrial membrane where it enhances mitophagy in stressed cardiomyocytes independent of the PINK1/Parkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezlin Marzook
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manju N Jayakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Park S, Cha HN, Shin MG, Park S, Kim Y, Kim MS, Shin KH, Thoudam T, Lee EJ, Wolfe RR, Dan J, Koh JH, Kim IY, Choi I, Lee IK, Sung HK, Park SY. Inhibitory Regulation of FOXO1 in PPARδ Expression Drives Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2024; 73:1084-1098. [PMID: 38656552 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) regulates muscle growth, but the metabolic role of FOXO1 in skeletal muscle and its mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the metabolic role of FOXO1 in skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Foxo1 inducible knockout (mFOXO1 iKO) mice and fed them a high-fat diet to induce obesity. We measured insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity in obese mFOXO1 iKO mice and assessed the correlation between FOXO1 and mitochondria-related protein in the skeletal muscle of patients with diabetes. Obese mFOXO1 iKO mice exhibited improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which was followed by attenuated insulin resistance, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and improved skeletal muscle exercise capacity. Transcriptional inhibition of FOXO1 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) expression was confirmed in skeletal muscle, and deletion of PPARδ abolished the beneficial effects of FOXO1 deficiency. FOXO1 protein levels were higher in the skeletal muscle of patients with diabetes and negatively correlated with PPARδ and electron transport chain protein levels. These findings highlight FOXO1 as a new repressor in PPARδ gene expression in skeletal muscle and suggest that FOXO1 links insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle via PPARδ. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Senotherapy-Based Metabolic Diseases Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Senotherapy-Based Metabolic Diseases Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyeong Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Fundamental Environment Research, Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jinmyoung Dan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, CHA University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute & Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Senotherapy-Based Metabolic Diseases Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liao H, Tian W, Yao W, Guo Q, Wang Y, Li J, Qing D, Li Y, Deng T. DBP Exposure Affects Oocyte Fertilization Via Extracellular Vesicles-Derived miR-116-5p in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Through Downregulating FOXO3a Expression. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01559-y. [PMID: 38858331 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), the metabolite of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), is the most abundant phthalate metabolite found in Chinese women. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles produced by extensive kinds of cells, serving a key role in intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicle miRNAs (EV-miRNAs) in follicular fluid (FF) have been evidenced to be associated with female reproductive health. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of EV-miRNAs expressed profile with DBP exposure in FF of female participants and expose its potential mechanism in impaired oocyte development. Based on participants' FF MBP concentrations and fertilization status, we compared the miRNA expression between the FF-EVs of group A (high DBP exposure and impaired fertilization) and group B (low DBP exposure and normal fertilization). Compared with group B, miR-1246, miR-3679-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-5585-3p, miR-116-5p, miR-172-5p were upregulated, while miR-34b-3p was downregulated in group A. Target genes of the differently expressed miRNAs were predicted, and the functional analysis was performed. Furthermore, we exposed human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line (KGN) to MBP (4ug/L) to isolate the EVs from the culture medium and validated the expression levels of different miRNAs. We found that MBP exposure was significantly associated with increased levels of miR-116-5p (P = 0.01). In addition, we demonstrated that the most different miRNA, miR-116-5p regulated oocyte fertilization by inhibiting FOXO3a. Our findings suggested that EV-miRNAs in the FF might mediate MBP toxicity in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqu Tian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyu Qing
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Yu H, Zhu G, Wang D, Huang X, Han F. PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a Pathway Induces Muscle Atrophy by Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Autophagy System in COPD Rat Model. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:805-815. [PMID: 38386223 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a common extrapulmonary co-morbidity affecting about 20% of patients with COPD. However, the mechanism of muscle atrophy in COPD remains unclear. This study investigated the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy system in COPD muscle atrophy and its mechanism. A COPD rat model was established to evaluate the in vitro effects of the UPS and the autophagy system in muscle atrophy. In addition, the role of the UPS, autophagy systems, and the expressions of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway were studied in the CSE-induced L6 myoblast cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of FOXO3a in the CSE-induced L6 myoblast cells using siRNA-FOXO3a. The results showed that the expression of ubiquitin-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins were significantly increased in the COPD rat model and CSE-induced L6 myoblast cells. At the same time, there was a concurrent decrease in the phosphorylation protein expression of PI3K and AKT, but the transcriptional activity of FOXO3a was increased in CSE-induced L6 myoblast cells. And siRNA-FOXO3a significantly decreased the expression level of the UPS and the autophagy system in CSE-induced L6 myoblast cells. These results suggest that PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a participates in COPD muscle atrophy by regulating the UPS and the autophagy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiyin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Lin X, Fei MZ, Huang AX, Yang L, Zeng ZJ, Gao W. Breviscapine protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by targeting FOXO3a-mitofusin-1 mediated mitochondrial fusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:477-492. [PMID: 38190924 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal effect on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). However, the role and underlying mechanisms of FOXO3a, regulated by breviscapine (BRE), on mitochondrial function in HF therapy remain unclear. This study reveals that BRE-induced nuclear translocation of FOXO3a facilitates mitofusin-1 (MFN-1)-dependent mitochondrial fusion in cardiac hypertrophy and HF. BRE effectively promotes cardiac function and ameliorates cardiac remodeling in pressure overload-induced mice. In addition, BRE mitigates phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes and fibrosis remodeling in fibroblasts by inhibiting ROS production and promoting mitochondrial fusion, respectively. Transcriptomics analysis underscores the close association between the FOXO pathway and the protective effect of BRE against HF, with FOXO3a emerging as a potential target of BRE. BRE potentiates the nuclear translocation of FOXO3a by attenuating its phosphorylation, other than its acetylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, over-expression of FOXO3a significantly inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial injury by promoting MFN-1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, BRE demonstrates its ability to substantially curb cardiac hypertrophy, reduce mitochondrial ROS production, and enhance MFN-1-mediated mitochondrial fusion through a FOXO3a-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, nuclear FOXO3a translocation induced by BRE presents a successful therapeutic avenue for addressing cardiac hypertrophy and HF through promoting MFN-1-dependent mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ming-Zhou Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - An-Xian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ze-Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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6
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Zhang C, Meng Y, Han J. Emerging roles of mitochondrial functions and epigenetic changes in the modulation of stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:26. [PMID: 38212548 PMCID: PMC11072137 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as essential organelles that play a key role in regulating stem cell fate. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are two of the nine distinct hallmarks of aging. Emerging research suggests that epigenetic modification of mitochondria-encoded genes and the regulation of epigenetics by mitochondrial metabolites have an impact on stem cell aging or differentiation. Here, we review how key mitochondrial metabolites and behaviors regulate stem cell fate through an epigenetic approach. Gaining insight into how mitochondria regulate stem cell fate will help us manufacture and preserve clinical-grade stem cells under strict quality control standards, contributing to the development of aging-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Tang Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Zhou J, Cui K, Chen Y. Autophagy protects mitochondrial health in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:113-123. [PMID: 37823952 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The progression of heart failure is reported to be strongly associated with homeostatic imbalance, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy, in the cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers autophagic and cardiac dysfunction. In turn, abnormal autophagy impairs mitochondrial function and leads to apoptosis or autophagic cell death under certain circumstances. These events often occur concomitantly, forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates heart failure. However, the role of the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy in the development of heart failure remains obscure and the underlying mechanisms are mainly elusive. The potential role of the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy in heart failure progression has recently garnered attention. This review summarized recent advances of the interactions between mitochondria and autophagy during the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
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8
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Atici AE, Crother TR, Noval Rivas M. Mitochondrial quality control in health and cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1290046. [PMID: 38020895 PMCID: PMC10657886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1290046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. An optimal mitochondrial function is central to supplying tissues with high energy demand, such as the cardiovascular system. In addition to producing ATP as a power source, mitochondria are also heavily involved in adaptation to environmental stress and fine-tuning tissue functions. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) through fission, fusion, mitophagy, and biogenesis ensures the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and preserves mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiovascular tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulate cell survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple CVDs, including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, diabetic and genetic cardiomyopathies, and Kawasaki Disease (KD). Thus, MQC is pivotal in promoting cardiovascular health. Here, we outline the mechanisms of MQC and discuss the current literature on mitochondrial adaptation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli E. Atici
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Echavarria-Consuegra L, Dinesh Kumar N, van der Laan M, Mauthe M, Van de Pol D, Reggiori F, Smit JM. Mitochondrial protein BNIP3 regulates Chikungunya virus replication in the early stages of infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010751. [PMID: 38011286 PMCID: PMC10703415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a human pathogen causing outbreaks of febrile illness for which vaccines and specific treatments remain unavailable. Autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and autophagy receptors are a set of host factors that participate in autophagy, but have also shown to function in other unrelated cellular pathways. Although autophagy is reported to both inhibit and enhance CHIKV replication, the specific role of individual ATG proteins remains largely unknown. Here, a siRNA screen was performed to evaluate the importance of the ATG proteome and autophagy receptors in controlling CHIKV infection. We observed that 7 out of 50 ATG proteins impact the replication of CHIKV. Among those, depletion of the mitochondrial protein and autophagy receptor BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 (BNIP3) increased CHIKV infection. Interestingly, BNIP3 controls CHIKV independently of autophagy and cell death. Detailed analysis of the CHIKV viral cycle revealed that BNIP3 interferes with the early stages of infection. Moreover, the antiviral role of BNIP3 was found conserved across two distinct CHIKV genotypes and the closely related Semliki Forest virus. Altogether, this study describes a novel and previously unknown function of the mitochondrial protein BNIP3 in the control of the early stages of the alphavirus viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Echavarria-Consuegra
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van der Laan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Van de Pol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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F AR, Quadrilatero J. Emerging role of mitophagy in myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle remodeling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:54-65. [PMID: 34924331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial turnover in the form of mitophagy is emerging as a central process in maintaining cellular function. The degradation of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy is particularly important in cells/tissues that exhibit high energy demands. Skeletal muscle is one such tissue that requires precise turnover of mitochondria in several conditions in order to optimize energy production and prevent bioenergetic crisis. For instance, the formation of skeletal muscle (i.e., myogenesis) is accompanied by robust turnover of low-functioning mitochondria to eventually allow the formation of high-functioning mitochondria. In mature skeletal muscle, alterations in mitophagy-related signaling occur during exercise, aging, and various disease states. Nonetheless, several questions regarding the direct role of mitophagy in various skeletal muscle conditions remain unknown. Furthermore, given the heterogenous nature of skeletal muscle with respect to various cellular and molecular properties, and the plasticity in these properties in various conditions, the involvement and characterization of mitophagy requires more careful consideration in this tissue. Therefore, this review will highlight the known mechanisms of mitophagy in skeletal muscle, and discuss their involvement during myogenesis and various skeletal muscle conditions. This review also provides important considerations for the accurate measurement of mitophagy and interpretation of data in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rahman F
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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11
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Barbero NM, Oller J, Sanz AB, Ramos AM, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Cardio-Renal Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098209. [PMID: 37175915 PMCID: PMC10179675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of all-cause mortality increases from 20% to 500% in patients who suffer both conditions; this is referred to as the so-called cardio-renal syndrome (CRS). Preclinical studies have described the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular and renal diseases, suggesting that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising therapeutic strategy for CRS. In this review, we explore the malfunction of mitochondrial homeostasis (mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy) and how it contributes to the development and progression of the main vascular pathologies that could be affected by kidney injury and vice versa, and how this knowledge may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mendez Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Tao Z, Cheng Z. Hormonal regulation of metabolism-recent lessons learned from insulin and estrogen. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:415-434. [PMID: 36942499 PMCID: PMC10031253 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal signaling plays key roles in tissue and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulated evidence has revealed a great deal of insulin and estrogen signaling pathways and their interplays in the regulation of mitochondrial, cellular remodeling, and macronutrient metabolism. Insulin signaling regulates nutrient and mitochondrial metabolism by targeting the IRS-PI3K-Akt-FoxOs signaling cascade and PGC1α. Estrogen signaling fine-tunes protein turnover and mitochondrial metabolism through its receptors (ERα, ERβ, and GPER). Insulin and estrogen signaling converge on Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K in the joint regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism. Dysregulated insulin and estrogen signaling lead to metabolic diseases. This article reviews the up-to-date evidence that depicts the pathways of insulin signaling and estrogen-ER signaling in the regulation of metabolism. In addition, we discuss the cross-talk between estrogen signaling and insulin signaling via Sirt1, mTOR, and PI3K, as well as new therapeutic options such as agonists of GLP1 receptor, GIP receptor, and β3-AR. Mapping the molecular pathways of insulin signaling, estrogen signaling, and their interplays advances our understanding of metabolism and discovery of new therapeutic options for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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13
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miRNAs in Uremic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065425. [PMID: 36982497 PMCID: PMC10049249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic Cardiomyopathy (UCM) is an irreversible cardiovascular complication that is highly pervasive among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) individuals undergoing chronic dialysis. Features of UCM are an abnormal myocardial fibrosis, an asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy with subsequent diastolic dysfunction and a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis where underlying biological mechanisms remain partly undefined. In this paper, we reviewed the key evidence available on the biological and clinical significance of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in UCM. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNA molecules with regulatory functions that play a pivotal role in myriad basic cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. Deranged miRNAs expression has already been observed in various diseases, and their capacity to modulate cardiac remodeling and fibrosis under either physiological or pathological conditions is well acknowledged. In the context of UCM, robust experimental evidence confirms a close involvement of some miRNAs in the key pathways that are known to trigger or worsen ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. Moreover, very preliminary findings may set the stage for therapeutic interventions targeting specific miRNAs for ameliorating heart damage. Finally, scant but promising clinical evidence may suggest a potential future application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for improving risk stratification in UCM as well.
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14
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Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate in a skeletal muscle knockout model of Smn1, the causal gene of spinal muscular atrophy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:162. [PMID: 36849544 PMCID: PMC9971247 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The approved gene therapies for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), caused by loss of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1), greatly ameliorate SMA natural history but are not curative. These therapies primarily target motor neurons, but SMN1 loss has detrimental effects beyond motor neurons and especially in muscle. Here we show that SMN loss in mouse skeletal muscle leads to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Expression profiling of single myofibers from a muscle specific Smn1 knockout mouse model revealed down-regulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal genes. Albeit levels of proteins that mark mitochondria for mitophagy were increased, morphologically deranged mitochondria with impaired complex I and IV activity and respiration and that produced excess reactive oxygen species accumulated in Smn1 knockout muscles, because of the lysosomal dysfunction highlighted by the transcriptional profiling. Amniotic fluid stem cells transplantation that corrects the SMN knockout mouse myopathic phenotype restored mitochondrial morphology and expression of mitochondrial genes. Thus, targeting muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in SMA may complement the current gene therapy.
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15
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Chatzinikita E, Maridaki M, Palikaras K, Koutsilieris M, Philippou A. The Role of Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Damage and Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:716. [PMID: 36899852 PMCID: PMC10000750 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that play an essential role in generating the chemical energy needed for the biochemical reactions in cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis, i.e., de novo mitochondria formation, results in enhanced cellular respiration, metabolic processes, and ATP generation, while autophagic clearance of mitochondria (mitophagy) is required to remove damaged or useless mitochondria. The balance between the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is highly regulated and crucial for the maintenance of the number and function of mitochondria as well as for the cellular homeostasis and adaptations to metabolic demands and extracellular stimuli. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria are essential for maintaining energy homeostasis, and the mitochondrial network exhibits complex behaviors and undergoes dynamic remodeling in response to various conditions and pathologies characterized by changes in muscle cell structure and metabolism, such as exercise, muscle damage, and myopathies. In particular, the involvement of mitochondrial remodeling in mediating skeletal muscle regeneration following damage has received increased attention, as modifications in mitophagy-related signals arise from exercise, while variations in mitochondrial restructuring pathways can lead to partial regeneration and impaired muscle function. Muscle regeneration (through myogenesis) following exercise-induced damage is characterized by a highly regulated, rapid turnover of poor-functioning mitochondria, permitting the synthesis of better-functioning mitochondria to occur. Nevertheless, essential aspects of mitochondrial remodeling during muscle regeneration remain poorly understood and warrant further characterization. In this review, we focus on the critical role of mitophagy for proper muscle cell regeneration following damage, highlighting the molecular mechanisms of the mitophagy-associated mitochondrial dynamics and network reformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Chatzinikita
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Maridaki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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16
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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17
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Kant R, Manne RK, Anas M, Penugurti V, Chen T, Pan BS, Hsu CC, Lin HK. Deregulated transcription factors in cancer cell metabolisms and reprogramming. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1158-1174. [PMID: 36244530 PMCID: PMC11220368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important cancer hallmark that plays a key role in cancer malignancies and therapy resistance. Cancer cells reprogram the metabolic pathways to generate not only energy and building blocks but also produce numerous key signaling metabolites to impact signaling and epigenetic/transcriptional regulation for cancer cell proliferation and survival. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming is regulated in cancer may provide potential new strategies for cancer targeting. Recent studies suggest that deregulated transcription factors have been observed in various human cancers and significantly impact metabolism and signaling in cancer. In this review, we highlight the key transcription factors that are involved in metabolic control, dissect the crosstalk between signaling and transcription factors in metabolic reprogramming, and offer therapeutic strategies targeting deregulated transcription factors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohammad Anas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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18
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Field JT, Gordon JW. BNIP3 and Nix: Atypical regulators of cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119325. [PMID: 35863652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery nearly 25 years ago, the BCL-2 family members BNIP3 and BNIP3L (aka Nix) have been labelled 'atypical'. Originally, this was because BNIP3 and Nix have divergent BH3 domains compared to other BCL-2 proteins. In addition, this atypical BH3 domain is dispensable for inducing cell death, which is also unusual for a 'death gene'. Instead, BNIP3 and Nix utilize a transmembrane domain, which allows for dimerization and insertion into and through organelle membranes to elicit cell death. Much has been learned regarding the biological function of these two atypical death genes, including their role in metabolic stress, where BNIP3 is responsive to hypoxia, while Nix responds variably to hypoxia and is also down-stream of PKC signaling and lipotoxic stress. Interestingly, both BNIP3 and Nix respond to signals related to cell atrophy. In addition, our current view of regulated cell death has expanded to include forms of necrosis such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and permeability transition-mediated cell death where BNIP3 and Nix have been shown to play context- and cell-type specific roles. Perhaps the most intriguing discoveries in recent years are the results demonstrating roles for BNIP3 and Nix outside of the purview of death genes, such as regulation of proliferation, differentiation/maturation, mitochondrial dynamics, macro- and selective-autophagy. We provide a historical and unbiased overview of these 'death genes', including new information related to alternative splicing and post-translational modification. In addition, we propose to redefine these two atypical members of the BCL-2 family as versatile regulators of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Field
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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19
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Loers JU, Vermeirssen V. SUBATOMIC: a SUbgraph BAsed mulTi-OMIcs clustering framework to analyze integrated multi-edge networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:363. [PMID: 36064320 PMCID: PMC9442970 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Representing the complex interplay between different types of biomolecules across different omics layers in multi-omics networks bears great potential to gain a deep mechanistic understanding of gene regulation and disease. However, multi-omics networks easily grow into giant hairball structures that hamper biological interpretation. Module detection methods can decompose these networks into smaller interpretable modules. However, these methods are not adapted to deal with multi-omics data nor consider topological features. When deriving very large modules or ignoring the broader network context, interpretability remains limited. To address these issues, we developed a SUbgraph BAsed mulTi-OMIcs Clustering framework (SUBATOMIC), which infers small and interpretable modules with a specific topology while keeping track of connections to other modules and regulators. RESULTS SUBATOMIC groups specific molecular interactions in composite network subgraphs of two and three nodes and clusters them into topological modules. These are functionally annotated, visualized and overlaid with expression profiles to go from static to dynamic modules. To preserve the larger network context, SUBATOMIC investigates statistically the connections in between modules as well as between modules and regulators such as miRNAs and transcription factors. We applied SUBATOMIC to analyze a composite Homo sapiens network containing transcription factor-target gene, miRNA-target gene, protein-protein, homologous and co-functional interactions from different databases. We derived and annotated 5586 modules with diverse topological, functional and regulatory properties. We created novel functional hypotheses for unannotated genes. Furthermore, we integrated modules with condition specific expression data to study the influence of hypoxia in three cancer cell lines. We developed two prioritization strategies to identify the most relevant modules in specific biological contexts: one considering GO term enrichments and one calculating an activity score reflecting the degree of differential expression. Both strategies yielded modules specifically reacting to low oxygen levels. CONCLUSIONS We developed the SUBATOMIC framework that generates interpretable modules from integrated multi-omics networks and applied it to hypoxia in cancer. SUBATOMIC can infer and contextualize modules, explore condition or disease specific modules, identify regulators and functionally related modules, and derive novel gene functions for uncharacterized genes. The software is available at https://github.com/CBIGR/SUBATOMIC .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Uwe Loers
- Lab for Computational Biology, Integromics and Gene Regulation (CBIGR), Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Vermeirssen
- Lab for Computational Biology, Integromics and Gene Regulation (CBIGR), Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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20
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White D, Yang Q. Genetically Encoded ATP Biosensors for Direct Monitoring of Cellular ATP Dynamics. Cells 2022; 11:1920. [PMID: 35741049 PMCID: PMC9221525 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. ATP is mainly produced via oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and to a lesser extent, via glycolysis in the cytosol. In general, cytosolic glycolysis is the primary ATP producer in proliferative cells or cells subjected to hypoxia. On the other hand, mitochondria produce over 90% of cellular ATP in differentiated cells under normoxic conditions. Under pathological conditions, ATP demand rises to meet the needs of biosynthesis for cellular repair, signaling transduction for stress responses, and biochemical processes. These changes affect how mitochondria and cytosolic glycolysis function and communicate. Mitochondria undergo remodeling to adapt to the imbalanced demand and supply of ATP. Otherwise, a severe ATP deficit will impair cellular function and eventually cause cell death. It is suggested that ATP from different cellular compartments can dynamically communicate and coordinate to adapt to the needs in each cellular compartment. Thus, a better understanding of ATP dynamics is crucial to revealing the differences in cellular metabolic processes across various cell types and conditions. This requires innovative methodologies to record real-time spatiotemporal ATP changes in subcellular regions of living cells. Over the recent decades, numerous methods have been developed and utilized to accomplish this task. However, this is not an easy feat. This review evaluates innovative genetically encoded biosensors available for visualizing ATP in living cells, their potential use in the setting of human disease, and identifies where we could improve and expand our abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donnell White
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Graduate Studies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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21
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Russell RC, Guan KL. The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110031. [PMID: 35535466 PMCID: PMC9251852 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradative pathway that plays diverse roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Cellular stress caused by starvation, organelle damage, or proteotoxic aggregates can increase autophagy, which uses the degradative capacity of lysosomal enzymes to mitigate intracellular stresses. Early studies have shown a role for autophagy in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, work in genetically engineered mouse models and in vitro cell studies have now shown that autophagy can be either cancer-promoting or inhibiting. Here, we summarize the effects of autophagy on cancer initiation, progression, immune infiltration, and metabolism. We also discuss the efforts to pharmacologically target autophagy in the clinic and highlight future areas for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Russell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Multiomics Approach Reveals an Important Role of BNIP3 in Myocardial Remodeling and the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091572. [PMID: 35563877 PMCID: PMC9105187 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work showed a role of BNIP3 in myocardial remodeling and progression to HFrEF. We utilized a multiomics approach to unravel BNIP3-related molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HFrEF. BNIP3 knockdown in HFrEF improved glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, and restored endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial (mt) calcium and ion homeostasis. These effects of BNIP3 on cardiac metabolism were related to its interaction and downregulation, and/or phosphorylation, of specific mt-proteins involved in the aforementioned metabolic pathways, including the MICOS and SLC25A families of carrier proteins. BNIP3 affected ER–mt-calcium and ion homeostasis via its interaction-induced VDAC1 dimerization and modulation of VDAC1 phosphorylation at Ser104 and Ser241, and the downregulation of LETM1. At the ER level, BNIP3 interacted with the enzyme SERCA2a and the PKA signaling complex, leading to the downregulation of SERCA2a and PKA-mediated Ser16 phospholamban phosphorylation. Additionally, BNIP3 attenuated AMPK and PRKCE activity by modulating AMPK phosphorylation at Ser485/491 and Ser377 residues, and PRKCE phosphorylation at Thr521 and Thr710 residues. BNIP3 also interacted with sarcomeric, cytoskeletal, and cellular transcription and translation proteins, and affected their expression and/or phosphorylation. In conclusion, BNIP3 modulates multiple pathobiological processes and constitutes an attractive therapeutic target in HFrEF.
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23
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Marra AM, Bencivenga L, D'Assante R, Rengo G, Cittadini A. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Squaring the circle between comorbidities and cardiovascular abnormalities. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 99:1-6. [PMID: 35033395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is nowadays considered a major healthcare issue. According to forecasts two third of all Heart Failure patients will belong to this phenotype by year 2050, overwhelming those affected by Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). Both epidemiological and mechanistic studies support the concept that HFpEF represents true HF although aggravated by a collection of comorbidities. There is urgent need of improving its phenotyping due to the high degree of disease heterogeneity within HFpEF that lead to the failure of randomized clinical trials in demonstrating a remarkable impact of drugs in improving its morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maria Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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24
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Mongirdienė A, Skrodenis L, Varoneckaitė L, Mierkytė G, Gerulis J. Reactive Oxygen Species Induced Pathways in Heart Failure Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:602. [PMID: 35327404 PMCID: PMC8945343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With respect to structural and functional cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Oxidative stress contributes to the development of both HFrEF and HFpEF. Identification of a broad spectrum of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced pathways in preclinical models has provided new insights about the importance of ROS in HFrEF and HFpEF development. While current treatment strategies mostly concern neuroendocrine inhibition, recent data on ROS-induced metabolic pathways in cardiomyocytes may offer additional treatment strategies and targets for both of the HF forms. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results achieved in the fields of: (1) ROS importance in HFrEF and HFpEF pathophysiology, and (2) treatments for inhibiting ROS-induced pathways in HFrEF and HFpEF patients. ROS-producing pathways in cardiomyocytes, ROS-activated pathways in different HF forms, and treatment options to inhibit their action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Mongirdienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Skrodenis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Leila Varoneckaitė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gerda Mierkytė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Gerulis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Jerome MS, Kuthethur R, Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S. Regulation of mitochondrial function by forkhead transcription factors. Biochimie 2022; 198:96-108. [PMID: 35367579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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FoxO transcription factors in mitochondrial homeostasis. Biochem J 2022; 479:525-536. [PMID: 35195252 PMCID: PMC8883485 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular energetics, biosynthesis, and signaling transduction. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated in different diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by a triad of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fusion and fission), and autophagy (mitophagy). Studies have underscored FoxO transcription factors as key mitochondrial regulators. Specifically, FoxOs regulate mitochondrial biogenesis by dampening NRF1-Tfam and c-Myc-Tfam cascades directly, and inhibiting NAD-Sirt1-Pgc1α cascade indirectly by inducing Hmox1 or repressing Fxn and Urod. In addition, FoxOs mediate mitochondrial fusion (via Mfn1 and Mfn2) and fission (via Drp1, Fis1, and MIEF2), during which FoxOs elicit regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional, posttranscriptional (e.g. via miR-484/Fis1), and posttranslational (e.g. via Bnip3-calcineurin mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation) levels. Furthermore, FoxOs control mitochondrial autophagy in the stages of autophagosome formation and maturation (e.g. initiation, nucleation, and elongation), mitochondria connected to and engulfed by autophagosome (e.g. via PINK1 and Bnip3 pathways), and autophagosome-lysosome fusion to form autolysosome for cargo degradation (e.g. via Tfeb and cathepsin proteins). This article provides an up-to-date view of FoxOs regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and discusses the potential of targeting FoxOs for therapeutics.
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Bhardwaj G, Penniman CM, Klaus K, Weatherford ET, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Nair KS, Kahn CR, O’Neill BT. Transcriptomic Regulation of Muscle Mitochondria and Calcium Signaling by Insulin/IGF-1 Receptors Depends on FoxO Transcription Factors. Front Physiol 2022; 12:779121. [PMID: 35185597 PMCID: PMC8855073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.779121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-1, acting through the insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), maintain muscle mass and mitochondrial function, at least part of which occurs via their action to regulate gene expression. Here, we show that while muscle-specific deletion of IR or IGF1R individually results in only modest changes in the muscle transcriptome, combined deletion of IR/IGF1R (MIGIRKO) altered > 3000 genes, including genes involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and pathways related to estrogen receptor, protein kinase A (PKA), and calcium signaling. Functionally, this was associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased ROS production in MIGIRKO muscle. To determine the role of FoxOs in these changes, we performed RNA-Seq on mice with muscle-specific deletion of FoxO1/3/4 (M-FoxO TKO) or combined deletion of IR, IGF1R, and FoxO1/3/4 in a muscle quintuple knockout (M-QKO). This revealed that among IR/IGF1R regulated genes, >97% were FoxO-dependent, and their expression was normalized in M-FoxO TKO and M-QKO muscle. FoxO-dependent genes were related to oxidative phosphorylation, inflammatory signaling, and TCA cycle. Metabolomic analysis showed accumulation of TCA cycle metabolites in MIGIRKO, which was reversed in M-QKO muscle. Likewise, calcium signaling genes involved in PKA signaling and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis were markedly altered in MIGIRKO muscle but normalized in M-QKO. Thus, combined loss of insulin and IGF-1 action in muscle transcriptionally alters mitochondrial function and multiple regulatory and signaling pathways, and these changes are mediated by FoxO transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Bhardwaj
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christie M. Penniman
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Katherine Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric T. Weatherford
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
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The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020952. [PMID: 35055137 PMCID: PMC8778138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) mutations are known to participate in the development and progression of some CVD. Moreover, specific types of mitochondria-mediated CVD have been discovered, such as MIEH (maternally inherited essential hypertension) and maternally inherited CHD (coronary heart disease). Maternally inherited mitochondrial CVD is caused by certain mutations in the mtDNA, which encode structural mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial tRNA. In this review, we focus on recently identified mtDNA mutations associated with CVD (coronary artery disease and hypertension). Additionally, new data suggest the role of mtDNA mutations in Brugada syndrome and ischemic stroke, which before were considered only as a result of mutations in nuclear genes. Moreover, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA involvement in the development of the disease.
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Multi-Omics Approach Profiling Metabolic Remodeling in Early Systolic Dysfunction and in Overt Systolic Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010235. [PMID: 35008662 PMCID: PMC8745344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). We sought to characterize metabolic remodeling and implicated signaling pathways in two rat models of early systolic dysfunction (MOD), and overt systolic HF (SHF). Tandem mass tag-labeled shotgun proteomics, phospho-(p)-proteomics, and non-targeted metabolomics analyses were performed in left ventricular myocardium tissue from Sham, MOD, and SHF using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, n = 3 biological samples per group. Mitochondrial proteins were predominantly down-regulated in MOD (125) and SHF (328) vs. Sham. Of these, 82% (103/125) and 66% (218/328) were involved in metabolism and respiration. Oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, Krebs cycle, branched-chain amino acids, and amino acid (glutamine and tryptophan) degradation were highly enriched metabolic pathways that decreased in SHF > MOD. Glycogen and glucose degradation increased predominantly in MOD, whereas glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism decreased predominantly in SHF. PKA signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum–mt interface was attenuated in MOD, whereas overall PKA and AMPK cellular signaling were attenuated in SHF vs. Sham. In conclusion, metabolic remodeling plays an important role in myocardial remodeling. PKA and AMPK signaling crosstalk governs metabolic remodeling in progression to SHF.
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Denisenko TV, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B. Mitophagy in carcinogenesis and cancer treatment. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 35201480 PMCID: PMC8777571 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain a functional mitochondrial network, cells have developed a quality control mechanism, namely mitophagy. This process can be induced through different pathways. The most studied is the so-called PINK1/Parkin pathway, which is associated with ubiquitylation of several mitochondrial proteins that were initially found to be related to Parkinson's disease. Another type of mitophagy is known as receptor-mediated mitophagy, which includes proteins, such as BNIP3 and BNIP3L, also known as Nix. Through these two mechanisms, mitophagy fulfills its functions and maintains cellular homeostasis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms of mitophagy regulation and their interplay with cancer progression as well as anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Microglial Pyroptosis by Promoting FOXO3a-Dependent Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6219715. [PMID: 34765084 PMCID: PMC8577931 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6219715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have been recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Recently, microglial pyroptosis was shown to play a vital role in the progression of neonatal HIBD. However, whether MSC-exos improve HIBD by regulating microglial pyroptosis remains unknown. Methods Exosomes were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huMSCs) and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). BV-2 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to induce microglial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in vitro. CCK-8, ELISA, western blot, and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining were performed to detect the pyroptosis of BV-2 cells. Conditioned medium (CM) from BV-2 cells exposed to different treatments was used to investigate its effect on neuronal injury. Moreover, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdi-1) were used to verify the involvement of mitophagy in the protection of MSC-exos against OGD/R-induced pyroptosis in BV-2 cells. Finally, FOXO3a siRNA was used to investigate the involvement of FOXO3a in MSC-exo-induced mitophagy and pyroptosis inhibition. Results Exosomes from huMSCs were successfully extracted. In OGD/R-exposed BV-2 cells, MSC-exos increased cell viability and decreased the expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N as well as the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Compared with CM from OGD/R-exposed BV-2 cells treated with PBS, CM from OGD/R-exposed BV-2 cells treated with MSC-exos significantly increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells and decreased LDH release. MSC-exos also increased the expression of TOM20 and COX IV in OGD/R-exposed BV-2 cells. Additionally, 3-MA and mdi-1 attenuated the inhibition of pyroptosis with MSC-exo treatment. Furthermore, FOXO3a siRNA partially abolished the neuroprotective effect of MSC-exos and attenuated mitophagy and pyroptosis inhibition induced by MSC-exo treatment. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that MSC-exos increased FOXO3a expression to enhance mitophagy, therefore protecting microglia from I/R-induced pyroptosis and alleviating subsequent neuronal injury.
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Ho GT, Theiss AL. Mitochondria and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Toward a Stratified Therapeutic Intervention. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:435-459. [PMID: 34614372 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-083306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve numerous critical cellular functions, rapidly responding to extracellular stimuli and cellular demands while dynamically communicating with other organelles. Mitochondrial function in the gastrointestinal epithelium plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal health. Emerging studies implicate the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review presents mitochondrial metabolism, function, and quality control that converge in intestinal epithelial stemness, differentiation programs, barrier integrity, and innate immunity to influence intestinal inflammation. Intestinal and disease characteristics that set the stage for mitochondrial dysfunction being a key factor in IBD, and in turn, pathogenic mitochondrial mechanisms influencing and potentiating the development of IBD, are discussed. These findings establish the basis for potential mitochondrial-targeted interventions for IBD therapy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
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Chaanine AH. Metabolic Remodeling and Implicated Calcium and Signal Transduction Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910579. [PMID: 34638917 PMCID: PMC8508915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is an organ with high-energy demands in which the mitochondria are most abundant. They are considered the powerhouse of the cell and occupy a central role in cellular metabolism. The intermyofibrillar mitochondria constitute the majority of the three-mitochondrial subpopulations in the heart. They are also considered to be the most important in terms of their ability to participate in calcium and cellular signaling, which are critical for the regulation of mitochondrial function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This is because they are located in very close proximity with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and for the presence of tethering complexes enabling interorganelle crosstalk via calcium signaling. Calcium is an important second messenger that regulates mitochondrial function. It promotes ATP production and cellular survival under physiological changes in cardiac energetic demand. This is accomplished in concert with signaling pathways that regulate both calcium cycling and mitochondrial function. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic remodeling occupy a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this review we will discuss perturbations in ER-mitochondrial crosstalk and touch on important signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H. Chaanine
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(504)-988-1612
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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34
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The Role of Autophagy Modulated by Exercise in Cancer Cachexia. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080781. [PMID: 34440525 PMCID: PMC8402221 DOI: 10.3390/life11080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a syndrome experienced by many patients with cancer. Exercise can act as an autophagy modulator, and thus holds the potential to be used to treat cancer cachexia. Autophagy imbalance plays an important role in cancer cachexia, and is correlated to skeletal and cardiac muscle atrophy and energy-wasting in the liver. The molecular mechanism of autophagy modulation in different types of exercise has not yet been clearly defined. This review aims to elaborate on the role of exercise in modulating autophagy in cancer cachexia. We evaluated nine studies in the literature and found a potential correlation between the type of exercise and autophagy modulation. Combined exercise or aerobic exercise alone seems more beneficial than resistance exercise alone in cancer cachexia. Looking ahead, determining the physiological role of autophagy modulated by exercise will support the development of a new medical approach for treating cancer cachexia. In addition, the harmonization of the exercise type, intensity, and duration might play a key role in optimizing the autophagy levels to preserve muscle function and regulate energy utilization in the liver.
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35
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Del Campo A, Perez G, Castro PF, Parra V, Verdejo HE. Mitochondrial function, dynamics and quality control in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166208. [PMID: 34214606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization for the adult population and a major cause of mortality worldwide. The HF syndrome is characterized by the heart's inability to supply the cardiac output required to meet the body's metabolic requirements or only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. HF without overt impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was initially labeled as "diastolic HF" until recognizing the coexistence of both systolic and diastolic abnormalities in most cases. Acknowledging these findings, the preferred nomenclature is HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). This syndrome primarily affects the elderly population and is associated with a heterogeneous overlapping of comorbidities that makes its diagnosis challenging. Despite extensive research, there is still no evidence-based therapy for HFpEF, reinforcing the need for a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology underlying its onset and progression. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the pathophysiological changes that accompany HFpEF onset and progression (low-grade systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) has just begun to be acknowledged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the participation of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of HFpEF, with particular emphasis on the signaling pathways involved, which may provide future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Perez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Chile.
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Yang M, Li C, Yang S, Xiao Y, Chen W, Gao P, Jiang N, Xiong S, Wei L, Zhang Q, Yang J, Zeng L, Sun L. Mitophagy: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating DN. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2717-2728. [PMID: 33023427 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201006152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Tubular damage is an early change and characteristic of DN, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of DN. Therefore, the timely removal of damaged mitochondria in tubular cells is an effective treatment strategy for DN. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that ensures the timely elimination of damaged mitochondria to protect cells from oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic disorders in tubular cells in DN and the molecular mechanism of mitophagy. Finally, the role of mitophagy in DN and its feasibility as a therapeutic target for DN are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sun X, Alford J, Qiu H. Structural and Functional Remodeling of Mitochondria in Cardiac Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084167. [PMID: 33920673 PMCID: PMC8072869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria undergo structural and functional remodeling to meet the cell demand in response to the intracellular and extracellular stimulations, playing an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. Merging evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of mitochondrial remodeling is a fundamental driving force of complex human diseases, highlighting its crucial pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential. In this review, we outlined the progress of the molecular basis of mitochondrial structural and functional remodeling and their regulatory network. In particular, we summarized the latest evidence of the fundamental association of impaired mitochondrial remodeling in developing diverse cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We also explored the therapeutic potential related to mitochondrial remodeling and future research direction. This updated information would improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and cardiac diseases’ pathogenesis, which would inspire new potential strategies for treating these diseases by targeting mitochondria remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongyu Qiu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +404-413-3371; Fax: +404-413-9566
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38
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Panda S, Behera S, Alam MF, Syed GH. Endoplasmic reticulum & mitochondrial calcium homeostasis: The interplay with viruses. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:227-242. [PMID: 33775873 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) act as secondary messengers in a plethora of cellular processes and play crucial role in cellular organelle function and homeostasis. The average resting concentration of Ca2+ is nearly 100 nM and in certain cells it can reach up to 1 µM. The high range of Ca2+ concentration across the plasma membrane and intracellular Ca2+ stores demands a well-coordinated maintenance of free Ca2+ via influx, efflux, buffering and storage. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Mitochondria depend on Ca2+ for their function and also serve as major players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The ER-mitochondria interplay helps in orchestrating cellular calcium homeostasis to avoid any detrimental effect resulting from Ca2+ overload or depletion. Since Ca2+ plays a central role in many biological processes it is an essential component of the virus-host interactions. The large gradient across membranes enable the viruses to easily modulate this buffered environment to meet their needs. Viruses exploit Ca2+ signaling to establish productive infection and evade the host immune defense. In this review we will detail the interplay between the viruses and cellular & ER-mitochondrial calcium signaling and the significance of these events on viral life cycle and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Panda
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Suchismita Behera
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Clinical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mohd Faraz Alam
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gulam Hussain Syed
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Virus-Host Interaction Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Miranda-Silva D, Lima T, Rodrigues P, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the tip of the iceberg. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:453-478. [PMID: 33411091 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifaceted syndrome with a complex aetiology often associated with several comorbidities, such as left ventricle pressure overload, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and kidney disease. Its pathophysiology remains obscure mainly due to the complex phenotype induced by all these associated comorbidities and to the scarcity of animal models that adequately mimic HFpEF. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction are currently accepted as key players in HFpEF pathophysiology. However, we have just started to unveil HFpEF complexity and the role of calcium handling, energetic metabolism, and mitochondrial function remain to clarify. Indeed, the enlightenment of such cellular and molecular mechanisms represents an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic approaches and thus to improve HFpEF treatment options. In the last decades, the number of research groups dedicated to studying HFpEF has increased, denoting the importance and the magnitude achieved by this syndrome. In the current technological and web world, the amount of information is overwhelming, driving us not only to compile the most relevant information about the theme but also to explore beyond the tip of the iceberg. Thus, this review aims to encompass the most recent knowledge related to HFpEF or HFpEF-associated comorbidities, focusing mainly on myocardial metabolism, oxidative stress, and energetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Lima
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chaanine AH, LeJemtel TH, Delafontaine P. Mitochondrial Pathobiology and Metabolic Remodeling in Progression to Overt Systolic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113582. [PMID: 33172082 PMCID: PMC7694785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are mostly abundant in the heart, a beating organ of high- energy demands. Their function extends beyond being a power plant of the cell including redox balance, ion homeostasis and metabolism. They are dynamic organelles that are tethered to neighboring structures, especially the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, they constitute a functional unit implicated in complex physiological and pathophysiological processes. Their topology in the cell, the cardiac myocyte in particular, places them at the hub of signaling and calcium homeostasis, making them master regulators of cell survival or cell death. Perturbations in mitochondrial function play a central role in the pathophysiology of myocardial remodeling and progression of heart failure. In this minireview, we summarize important pathophysiological mechanisms, pertaining to mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and function, which take place in compensated hypertrophy and in progression to overt systolic heart failure. Published work in the last few years has expanded our understanding of these important mechanisms; a key prerequisite to identifying therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H. Chaanine
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-988-1612; Fax: +504-995-2771
| | - Thierry H. LeJemtel
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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42
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Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Kidney Stone Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:566506. [PMID: 33192563 PMCID: PMC7606861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion is a pivotal intracellular organelle that plays crucial roles in regulation of energy production, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), particularly calcium oxalate (CaOx; the most common type), has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress and tissue inflammation/injury. Recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in CaOx crystal retention and aggregation as well as Randall’s plaque formation, all of which are the essential mechanisms for kidney stone formation. This review highlights the important roles of mitochondria in renal cell functions and provides the data obtained from previous investigations of mitochondria related to kidney stone disease. In addition, mechanisms for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of kidney stone disease are summarized. Finally, future perspectives on the novel approach to prevent kidney stone formation by mitochondrial preservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhou L, Ma X, Liu J, Wang L, Guo H. Activation of forkhead box O3a by mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and its role in protection against mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human cardiomyocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:618-631. [PMID: 33029813 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), is known to exert cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) in MEHP-induced human AC16 cardiomyocyte injuries. MEHP reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), whereas it increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. The expression of FOXO3a and its target genes, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC), increased after MEHP exposure, but the expression of p-FOXO3a protein was decreased. Overexpression of FOXO3a decreased the production of ROS and the apoptosis rate induced by MEHP, and the expression of Mn-SOD and ARC was further increased after MEHP exposure. In contrast, knockdown of FOXO3a resulted in increased ROS production and apoptosis and suppressed the expression of Mn-SOD and ARC in the presence of MEHP. However, overexpression or knockdown of FOXO3a did not affect MEHP-induced loss of ΔΨm. In conclusion, the loss of ΔΨm and apoptosis are involved in MEHP-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity. Activation of FOXO3a defends against MEHP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Mn-SOD and ARC in AC16 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeze Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xindi Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junyao Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and multiple degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the maintenance of mitochondria homeostasis and function is important. Mitophagy, a process that selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery, functions to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. IVDD and OA are similar joint diseases involving the degradation of cartilaginous tissues that are mainly caused by oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence indicates the essential role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of IVDD and OA. Importantly, strategies by the regulation of mitophagy exert beneficial effects in the pre-clinical experiments. Given the importance and novelty of mitophagy, we provide an overview of mitophagy pathways and discuss the roles of mitophagy in IVDD and OA. We also highlight the potential of targeting mitophagy for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases. Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer disease; AF: annulus fibrosus; ADORA2A/A2AR: adenosine A2a receptor; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; BMSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CDH6: cadherin 6; CEP: cartilaginous endplates; circRNA: circular RNA; DNM1L/DRP1: dynamin 1-like; ECM: extracellular matrix; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1: alpha subunit; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IMM: inner mitochondrial membranes; IVDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; MAPK8/JNK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MFN1: mitofusin 1; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; RHOT/MIRO: ras homolog family member T; MMP: mitochondrial transmembrane potential; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; NFE2L2: nuclear factor: erythroid 2 like 2; NP: nucleus pulposus; OA: osteoarthritis; OPA1: OPA1: mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; OPTN: optineurin; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PD: Parkinson disease; PGAM5: PGAM family member 5; PPARGC1A/PGC-1A: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor: gamma: coactivator 1 alpha; PHF23: PHD finger protein 23; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SfMSCs: synovial fluid MSCs; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SIRT2: sirtuin 2; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; Ub: ubiquitin; UBL: ubiquitin-like; VDAC: voltage-dependent anion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingzhi Jing
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Forte M, Schirone L, Ameri P, Basso C, Catalucci D, Modica J, Chimenti C, Crotti L, Frati G, Rubattu S, Schiattarella GG, Torella D, Perrino C, Indolfi C, Sciarretta S. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2060-2076. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzili Italy
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
- Department of Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences “La Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico Genova Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padua Medical School Padova Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy
- National Research Council Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research ‐ UOS Milan Italy
| | - Jessica Modica
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy
- National Research Council Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research ‐ UOS Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, and Geriatric Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics Milan Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences San Luca Hospital Milan Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Università Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzili Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzili Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Gabriele Giacomo Schiattarella
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzili Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
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Cellular and Molecular Differences between HFpEF and HFrEF: A Step Ahead in an Improved Pathological Understanding. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010242. [PMID: 31963679 PMCID: PMC7016826 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the most rapidly growing cardiovascular health burden worldwide. HF can be classified into three groups based on the percentage of the ejection fraction (EF): heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF), heart failure with mid-range-also called mildly reduced EF- (HFmrEF), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFmrEF can progress into either HFrEF or HFpEF, but its phenotype is dominated by coronary artery disease, as in HFrEF. HFrEF and HFpEF present with differences in both the development and progression of the disease secondary to changes at the cellular and molecular level. While recent medical advances have resulted in efficient and specific treatments for HFrEF, these treatments lack efficacy for HFpEF management. These differential response rates, coupled to increasing rates of HF, highlight the significant need to understand the unique pathogenesis of HFrEF and HFpEF. In this review, we summarize the differences in pathological development of HFrEF and HFpEF, focussing on disease-specific aspects of inflammation and endothelial function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, alterations in the giant spring titin, and fibrosis. We highlight the areas of difference between the two diseases with the aim of guiding research efforts for novel therapeutics in HFrEF and HFpEF.
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Kuznetsov AV, Javadov S, Grimm M, Margreiter R, Ausserlechner MJ, Hagenbuchner J. Crosstalk between Mitochondria and Cytoskeleton in Cardiac Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010222. [PMID: 31963121 PMCID: PMC7017221 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms for the understanding of muscle bioenergetics and the role of mitochondria is a fundamental problem in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The cytoskeleton (microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments) plays a central role in the maintenance of mitochondrial shape, location, and motility. In addition, numerous interactions between cytoskeletal proteins and mitochondria can actively participate in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. In cardiac and skeletal muscles, mitochondrial positions are tightly fixed, providing their regular arrangement and numerous interactions with other cellular structures such as sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton. This can involve association of cytoskeletal proteins with voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), thereby, governing the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to metabolites, and regulating cell energy metabolism. Cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibers demonstrate regular arrangement of tubulin beta-II isoform entirely co-localized with mitochondria, in contrast to other isoforms of tubulin. This observation suggests the participation of tubulin beta-II in the regulation of OMM permeability through interaction with VDAC. The OMM permeability is also regulated by the specific isoform of cytolinker protein plectin. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +43-512-504-27815 (A.V.K.); +43-512-504-81578 (J.H.)
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA;
| | - Michael Grimm
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Raimund Margreiter
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +43-512-504-27815 (A.V.K.); +43-512-504-81578 (J.H.)
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Wang B, Wang ZM, Ji JL, Gan W, Zhang A, Shi HJ, Wang H, Lv L, Li Z, Tang T, Du J, Wang XH, Liu BC. Macrophage-Derived Exosomal Mir-155 Regulating Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis and Hypertrophy in Uremic Cardiomyopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:148-166. [PMID: 32140622 PMCID: PMC7046511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
miR-155 was synthesized and loaded into exosomes in increased infiltration of macrophages in a uremic heart. The released exosomal fusion with the plasma membrane leads to the release of miR-155 into the cytosol and translational repression of forkhead transcription factors of the O class in cardiomyocytes. Macrophage-derived miR-155–containing exosomes promoted cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and uremic cardiomyopathy changes (cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) by directly targeting FoxO3a in uremic mice. Inhibiting secretion from macrophage-derived miR-155–containing exosomes represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of uremic cardiomyopathy.
miR-155 was synthesized and loaded into exosomes in increased infiltration of macrophages in a uremic heart. The released exosomal fusion with the plasma membrane leads to the release of miR-155 into the cytosol and translational repression of forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxO3a) in cardiomyocytes. Finally, macrophage-derived miR-155–containing exosomes promoted cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and uremic cardiomyopathy changes (cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) by directly targeting FoxO3a in uremic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze-Mu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Ling Ji
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Jie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linli Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuolin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taotao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu T, Huang JZ, Lei ZY, Yan RS, Fan DL. FoxO3a depletion accelerates cutaneous wound healing by regulating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through β‑catenin activation. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1224-1232. [PMID: 31922245 PMCID: PMC7003051 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hysteresis of keratinocyte (KC) re-epithelialization is an important factor resulting in chronic wounds; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this cellular response remain yet to be completely elucidated. The present study demonstrated the function of transcription factor Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) in KC growth and migration functional effects, resulting in restrained KC re-epithelialization during wound healing. In chronic wound tissue samples, the expression of FoxO3a was significantly increased when compared with the acute wound healing group (P<0.01). Overexpressing FoxO3a significantly inhibited, whereas silencing endogenous FoxO3a enhanced, the growth and migration of HaCaT cells in vitro. Further investigation revealed that FoxO3a negatively regulated matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9, and increased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. In addition, the upregulation of FoxO3a retarded, whereas the downregulation of FoxO3a accelerated, transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HaCaT cells. Mechanistically, the overexpression of FoxO3a inactivated β-catenin signaling and markedly reduced the levels of nuclear β-catenin. These results reveal a novel mechanism of FoxO3a in regulating KC re-epithelialization, and provide novel targets for the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Zhuo Huang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Yuan Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Shuai Yan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Li Fan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Chaanine AH, Joyce LD, Stulak JM, Maltais S, Joyce DL, Dearani JA, Klaus K, Nair KS, Hajjar RJ, Redfield MM. Mitochondrial Morphology, Dynamics, and Function in Human Pressure Overload or Ischemic Heart Disease With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005131. [PMID: 30744415 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a)-BNIP3 (B-cell lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3) pathway modulates mitochondrial dynamics and function and contributes to myocardial remodeling in rodent models of heart failure. We sought to investigate the expression of this pathway along with the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α]), dynamics (DRP-1 [dynamin-related protein 1], OPA-1 [optic atrophy 1], and MFN 2 [mitofusin 2]), and oxidative phosphorylation (citrate synthase and electron transport chain complexes) markers and COX IV (cytochrome C oxidase) activity in myocardium from patients with valvular or ischemic heart disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS Subepicardial left ventricular biopsies (10×1×1 mm3) were obtained at aortic valve replacement (HFpEFAVR, n=5; and HFrEFAVR, n=4), coronary artery bypass grafting (HFpEFCABG, n=5; and HFrEFCABG, n=5), or left ventricular assist device implantation (HFrEFLVAD, n=4). Subepicardial biopsies from patients with normal left ventricular function (n=2) and from donor hearts (n=3) served as controls (normal). Relative to normal, mitochondrial fragmentation and cristae destruction were evident, and mitochondrial area was decreased in HFpEF; 1.00±0.09 versus 0.71±0.08; P=0.016. These mitochondrial morphological changes were more pronounced in HFrEF (0.54±0.06); P=0.002 HFpEF versus HFrEF. BNIP3 (monomer+dimer) expression was increased in HFpEF (3.99±2.44) and in HFrEF (5.19±1.70) relative to normal; P=0.004 and P<0.001, respectively. However, BNIP3 monomer was increased in HFrEF (4.32±1.43) compared with normal (0.99±0.06) and HFpEF (1.97±0.90); P=0.001 and 0.004, respectively. The HFrEF group uniquely showed increase in DRP-1 expression (1.94±0.38) and decreases in PGC-1α expression (0.61±0.07) and COX IV activity (0.70±0.10) relative to normal; P=0.013, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively, with no significant change in electron transport chain complexes expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings in human myocardium confirm studies in rodents where contractile dysfunction is associated with activation of the FOXO3a-BNIP3 pathway and altered mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, (A.H.C., M.M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lyle D Joyce
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.D.J., D.L.J.)
| | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.S., S.M., J.A.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Simon Maltais
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.S., S.M., J.A.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David L Joyce
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.D.J., D.L.J.)
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.S., S.M., J.A.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Katherine Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology (K.K., K.S.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Roger J Hajjar
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.J.H.)
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, (A.H.C., M.M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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