1
|
Qian Y, Xiong S, Li L, Sun Z, Zhang L, Yuan W, Cai H, Feng G, Wang X, Yao H, Gao Y, Guo L, Wang Z. Spatial multiomics atlas reveals smooth muscle phenotypic transformation and metabolic reprogramming in diabetic macroangiopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:358. [PMID: 39395983 PMCID: PMC11471023 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic macroangiopathy has been the main cause of death and disability in diabetic patients. The mechanisms underlying smooth muscle cell transformation and metabolic reprogramming other than abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism remain to be further explored. METHOD Single-cell transcriptome, spatial transcriptome and spatial metabolome sequencing were performed on anterior tibial artery from 11 diabetic patients with amputation. Multi-omics integration, cell communication analysis, time series analysis, network analysis, enrichment analysis, and gene expression analysis were performed to elucidate the potential molecular features. RESULT We constructed a spatial multiomics map of diabetic blood vessels based on multiomics integration, indicating single-cell and spatial landscape of transcriptome and spatial landscape of metabolome. At the same time, the characteristics of cell composition and biological function of calcified regions were obtained by integrating spatial omics and single cell omics. On this basis, our study provides favorable evidence for the cellular fate of smooth muscle cells, which can be transformed into pro-inflammatory chemotactic smooth muscle cells, macrophage-like smooth muscle cells/foam-like smooth muscle cells, and fibroblast/chondroblast smooth muscle cells in the anterior tibial artery of diabetic patients. The smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation is driven by transcription factors net including KDM5B, DDIT3, etc. In addition, in order to focus on metabolic reprogramming apart from abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, we constructed a metabolic network of diabetic vascular activation, and found that HNMT and CYP27A1 participate in diabetic vascular metabolic reprogramming by combining public data. CONCLUSION This study constructs the spatial gene-metabolism map of the whole anterior tibial artery for the first time and reveals the characteristics of vascular calcification, the phenotypic transformation trend of SMCs, and the transcriptional driving network of SMCs phenotypic transformation of diabetic macrovascular disease. In the perspective of combining the transcriptome and metabolome, the study demonstrates the activated metabolic pathways in diabetic blood vessels and the key genes involved in diabetic metabolic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Shizheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Honghua Cai
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guoquan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Haipeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
- Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Institue of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu Y, Cai Y, Yang F, Yang Y, Cui Z, Shi D, Bai R. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37727. [PMID: 39309965 PMCID: PMC11416558 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex pathology process involving intricate interactions among various cells and biological processes. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in normal arteries, and under atherosclerotic stimuli, VSMCs respond to altered blood flow and microenvironment changes by downregulating contractile markers and switching their phenotype. This review overviews the diverse phenotypes of VSMCs, including the canonical contractile VSMCs, synthetic VSMCs, and phenotypes resembling macrophages, foam cells, myofibroblasts, osteoblasts/chondrocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. We summarize their presumed protective and pro-atherosclerotic roles in AS development. Additionally, we underscore the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing VSMC phenotypic switching, encompassing transcriptional regulation, biochemical factors, plaque microenvironment, epigenetics, miRNAs, and the cytoskeleton, emphasizing their significance in AS development. Finally, we outline probable future research directions targeting VSMCs, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for AS management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiao Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yajie Cai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yankai Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhuorui Cui
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ruina Bai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shin J, Tkachenko S, Gomez D, Tripathi R, Owens GK, Cherepanova OA. Smooth muscle cells-specific loss of OCT4 accelerates neointima formation after acute vascular injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1276945. [PMID: 37942066 PMCID: PMC10627795 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1276945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is growing evidence that smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic transitions play critical roles during normal developmental and tissue recovery processes and in pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these transitions are not well understood. Recently, we found that the embryonic stem cell/induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) factor OCT4, which was believed to be silenced in somatic cells, plays an atheroprotective role in SMC, and regulates angiogenesis after corneal alkali burn and hindlimb ischemia by mediating microvascular SMC and pericyte migration. However, the kinetics of OCT4 activation in arterial SMC and its role in acute pathological conditions are still unknown. Methods and Results Here, using an Oct4-IRES-GFP reporter mouse model, we found that OCT4 is reactivated in the carotid artery 18 hours post-acute ligation-induced injury, a common in vivo model of the SMC phenotypic transitions. Next, using a tamoxifen-inducible Myh11-CreERT2 Oct4 knockout mouse model, we found that the loss of OCT4, specifically in SMC, led to accelerated neointima formation and increased tunica media following carotid artery ligation, at least in part by increasing SMC proliferation within the media. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis on the cultured SMC revealed significant down-regulation of the SMC contractile markers and dysregulation of the genes belonging to the regulation of cell proliferation and, positive and negative regulation for cell migration ontological groups following genetic inactivation of Oct4. We also found that loss of Oct4 resulted in suppression of contractile SMC markers after the injury and in cultured aortic SMC. Further mechanistic studies revealed that OCT4 regulates SMC contractile genes, ACTA2 and TAGLN, at least in part by direct binding to the promoters of these genes. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the pluripotency factor OCT4 is quickly activated in SMC after the acute vascular injury and inhibits SMC hyperproliferation, which may be protective in preventing excessive neointima formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchul Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rupande Tripathi
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Babal YK, Sonmez E, Aksan Kurnaz I. Nervous system-related gene regulatory networks and functional evolution of ETS proteins across species. Biosystems 2023; 227-228:104891. [PMID: 37030605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The ETS domain transcription factor family is one of the major transcription factor superfamilies that play regulatory roles in development, cell growth, and cancer progression. Although different functions of ETS member proteins in the nervous system have been demonstrated in various studies, their role in neuronal cell differentiation and the evolutionary conservation of its target genes have not yet been extensively studied. In this study, we focused on the regulatory role of ETS transcription factors in neuronal differentiation and their functional evolution by comparative transcriptomics. In order to investigate the regulatory role of ETS transcription factors in neuronal differentiation across species, transcriptional profiles of ETS members and their target genes were investigated by comparing differentially expressed genes and gene regulatory networks, which were analyzed using human, gorilla, mouse, fruit fly and worm transcriptomics datasets. Bioinformatics approaches to examine the evolutionary conservation of ETS transcription factors during neuronal differentiation have shown that ETS member proteins regulate genes associated with neuronal differentiation, nervous system development, axon, and synaptic regulation in different organisms. This study is a comparative transcriptomic study of ETS transcription factors in terms of neuronal differentiation using a gene regulatory network inference algorithm. Overall, a comparison of gene regulation networks revealed that ETS members are indeed evolutionarily conserved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation. Nonetheless, ETS, PEA3, and ELF subfamilies were found to be relatively more active transcription factors in the transcriptional regulation of neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Koray Babal
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, 41400, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ekin Sonmez
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, 41400, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Isil Aksan Kurnaz
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, 41400, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey; Gebze Technical University, Dept Molecular Biology and Genetics, 41400, Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sivaraman S, Ravishankar P, Rao RR. Differentiation and Engineering of Human Stem Cells for Smooth Muscle Generation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:1-9. [PMID: 35491587 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 31% of global deaths and are considered the main cause of death and disability worldwide. Stem cells from various sources have become attractive options for a range of cell-based therapies for smooth muscle tissue regeneration. However, for efficient myogenic differentiation, the stem cell characteristics, cell culture conditions, and their respective microenvironments need to be carefully assessed. This review covers the various approaches involved in the regeneration of vascular smooth muscles by conditioning human stem cells. This article delves into the different sources of stem cells used in the generation of myogenic tissues, the role of soluble growth factors, use of scaffolding techniques, biomolecular cues, relevance of mechanical stimulation, and key transcription factors involved, aimed at inducing myogenic differentiation. Impact statement The review article's main goal is to discuss the recent advances in the field of smooth muscle tissue regeneration. We look at various cell sources, growth factors, scaffolds, mechanical stimuli, and factors involved in smooth muscle formation. These stem cell-based approaches for vascular muscle formation will provide various options for cell-based therapies with long-term beneficial effects on patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Sivaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Prashanth Ravishankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balarastaghi S, Rezaee R, Hayes AW, Yarmohammadi F, Karimi G. Mechanisms of Arsenic Exposure-Induced Hypertension and Atherosclerosis: an Updated Overview. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:98-113. [PMID: 35167029 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an abundant element in the earth's crust. In the environment and within the human body, this toxic element can be found in both organic and inorganic forms. Chronic exposure to arsenic can predispose humans to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, and blackfoot disease. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species is a major player in arsenic-induced toxicity, and it can affect genes expression, inflammatory responses, and/or nitric oxide homeostasis. Exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction which is reflected by an imbalance between vascular relaxation and contraction. Arsenic has been shown to inactivate endothelial nitric oxide synthase leading to a reduction of the generation and bioavailability of nitric oxide. Ultimately, these effects increase the risk of vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. The present article reviews how arsenic exposure contributes to hypertension and atherosclerosis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Balarastaghi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khachigian LM, Black BL, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R, Madonna R, Geng YJ. Transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence: Novel targets for therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107091. [PMID: 35896140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) possess a unique cytoplasticity, regulated by transcriptional, translational and phenotypic transformation in response to a diverse range of extrinsic and intrinsic pathogenic factors. The mature, differentiated SMC phenotype is physiologically typified transcriptionally by expression of genes encoding "contractile" proteins, such as SMα-actin (ACTA2), SM-MHC (myosin-11) and SM22α (transgelin). When exposed to various pathological conditions (e.g., pro-atherogenic risk factors, hypertension), SMC undergo phenotypic modulation, a bioprocess enabling SMC to de-differentiate in immature stages or trans-differentiate into other cell phenotypes. As recent studies suggest, the process of SMC phenotypic transformation involves five distinct states characterized by different patterns of cell growth, differentiation, migration, matrix protein expression and declined contractility. These changes are mediated via the action of several transcriptional regulators, including myocardin and serum response factor. Conversely, other factors, including Kruppel-like factor 4 and nuclear factor-κB, can inhibit SMC differentiation and growth arrest, while factors such as yin yang-1, can promote SMC differentiation whilst inhibiting proliferation. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing SMC phenotypic modulation. We propose the concept that transcription factors mediating this switching are important biomarkers and potential pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pharmacological prevention of intimal hyperplasia: A state-of-the-art review. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108157. [PMID: 35183591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) occurs in a considerable number of cases of blood vessel reconstruction by stenting or balloon angioplasty, venous bypass grafting, and arteriovenous dialysis accesses. It is triggered by endothelial injury during the vascular intervention and leads to vessel restenosis with life-threatening consequences for patients. To date, the drugs used for IH prevention in clinics-paclitaxel and rapalog drugs-have been focusing primarily on the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation pathway of IH development. Limitations, such as endothelial toxicity and inappropriate drug administration timing, have spurred the search for new and efficient pharmacological approaches to control IH. In this state-of-the-art review, we present the pathways of IH development, focusing on the key events and actors involved in IH. Subsequently, we discuss different drugs and drug combinations interfering with these pathways based on their effect on peripheral circulation IH models in animal studies, or on clinical reports. The reports were obtained through an extensive search of peer-reviewed publications in Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar, with search equations composed based on five concepts around IH and their various combinations. To improve vascular intervention outcomes, rethinking of conventional therapeutic approaches to IH prevention is needed. Exploring local application of drugs and drug combinations acting on different pathophysiological pathways of IH development has the potential to provide effective and safe restenosis prevention.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Rodriguez M, Miao J, Liao J, Jain PP, Zhao M, Zhao T, Babicheva A, Wang Z, Parmisano S, Powers R, Matti M, Paquin C, Soroureddin Z, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is required for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L737-L760. [PMID: 35318857 PMCID: PMC9076422 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00447.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although pulmonary vasoconstriction may be an early contributor to increasing PVR, the transition of contractile PASMCs to proliferative PASMCs may play an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is a trigger for PASMC contraction and proliferation. Here, we report that upregulation of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is involved in the contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition of PASMCs and potential development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. By comparing freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMCs) and primary cultured PASMCs (from the same rat) in a growth medium (proliferative PASMCs), we found that Piezo1, Notch2/3, and CaSR protein levels were significantly higher in proliferative PASMCs than in contractile PASMCs. Upregulated Piezo1 was associated with an increase in expression of PCNA, a marker for cell proliferation, whereas downregulation (with siRNA) or inhibition (with GsMTx4) of Piezo1 attenuated PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, Piezo1 in the remodeled PA from rats with experimental PH was upregulated compared with PA from control rats. These data indicate that PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition is associated with the transition or adaptation of membrane channels and receptors. Upregulated Piezo1 may play a critical role in PASMC phenotypic transition and PASMC proliferation. Upregulation of Piezo1 in proliferative PASMCs may likely be required to provide sufficient Ca2+ to assure nuclear/cell division and PASMC proliferation, contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jinrui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zahra Soroureddin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Arteriogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910585. [PMID: 34638923 PMCID: PMC8508942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriogenesis is one of the primary physiological means by which the circulatory collateral system restores blood flow after significant arterial occlusion in peripheral arterial disease patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in collateral arteries and respond to altered blood flow and inflammatory conditions after an arterial occlusion by switching their phenotype between quiescent contractile and proliferative synthetic states. Maintaining the contractile state of VSMC is required for collateral vascular function to regulate blood vessel tone and blood flow during arteriogenesis, whereas synthetic SMCs are crucial in the growth and remodeling of the collateral media layer to establish more stable conduit arteries. Timely VSMC phenotype switching requires a set of coordinated actions of molecular and cellular mediators to result in an expansive remodeling of collaterals that restores the blood flow effectively into downstream ischemic tissues. This review overviews the role of VSMC phenotypic switching in the physiological arteriogenesis process and how the VSMC phenotype is affected by the primary triggers of arteriogenesis such as blood flow hemodynamic forces and inflammation. Better understanding the role of VSMC phenotype switching during arteriogenesis can identify novel therapeutic strategies to enhance revascularization in peripheral arterial disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Roles of MicroRNAs in Peripheral Artery In-Stent Restenosis after Endovascular Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9935671. [PMID: 34368362 PMCID: PMC8337102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9935671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endovascular repair including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent implantation has become the standard approach for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease; however, restenosis is still the main limited complication for the long-term success of the endovascular repair. Endothelial denudation and regeneration, inflammatory response, and neointimal hyperplasia are major pathological processes occurring during in-stent restenosis (ISR). MicroRNAs exhibit great potential in regulating several vascular biological events in different cell types and have been identified as novel therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for ISR prevention. This review summarized recent experimental and clinical studies on the role of miRNAs in ISR modification, with the aim of unraveling the underlying mechanism and potential therapeutic strategy of ISR.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei Z, Chong H, Jiang Q, Tang Y, Xu J, Wang H, Shi Y, Cui L, Li J, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Li J, Liu G, Chen X, Wang D, Zhang CY, Jiang X. Smooth Muscle Overexpression of PGC1α Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Rabbits. Circ Res 2021; 129:e72-e86. [PMID: 34162227 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wei
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Hoshun Chong
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, China (H.C., Y.X.)
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Q.J., Jutang Li)
| | - Yuhang Tang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Jinhong Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Haoquan Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Yanteng Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Le Cui
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Jing Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Yunxing Xue
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, China (H.C., Y.X.)
| | - Jutang Li
- Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Q.J., Jutang Li)
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Beijing, China (G.L.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (Z.W., Y.T., J.X., H.W., Y.S., L.C., Jing Li, Y.Z., X.C., D.W., C.-Y.Z., X.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chemokine mediated signalling within arteries promotes vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. Commun Biol 2020; 3:734. [PMID: 33277595 PMCID: PMC7719186 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferential accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) on arteries versus veins during early development is a well-described phenomenon, but the molecular pathways underlying this polarization are not well understood. In zebrafish, the cxcr4a receptor (mammalian CXCR4) and its ligand cxcl12b (mammalian CXCL12) are both preferentially expressed on arteries at time points consistent with the arrival and differentiation of the first vSMCs during vascular development. We show that autocrine cxcl12b/cxcr4 activity leads to increased production of the vSMC chemoattractant ligand pdgfb by endothelial cells in vitro and increased expression of pdgfb by arteries of zebrafish and mice in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate that expression of the blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a in primitive veins negatively regulates cxcr4/cxcl12 and pdgfb expression, restricting vSMC recruitment to the arterial vasculature. Together, this signalling axis leads to the differential acquisition of vSMCs at sites where klf2a expression is low and both cxcr4a and pdgfb are co-expressed, i.e. arteries during early development. Stratman et al. provide evidence linking the cxcl12b/cxcr4a signaling axis in endothelial cells to an increased release of platelet-derived growth factor b, leading to the recruitment of smooth muscle cells to developing arteries. This signalling axis is suppressed in the venous endothelium during early development by the high expression of blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a.
Collapse
|
14
|
MiR-126-5p promotes contractile switching of aortic smooth muscle cells by targeting VEPH1 and alleviates Ang II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1564-1574. [PMID: 32612287 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potential lethal disease that is defined by an irreversible dilatation (>50%) of the aorta. During AAA expansion, the aortic wall is often remodeled, which is featured by extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration, medial and adventitial inflammation, depletion and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Recent studies have suggested microRNAs as vital regulators for vascular SMC function. Our earlier work demonstrated an anti-AAA role of miR-126-5p in ApoE-/- mice infused with angiotensin (Ang) II. The present study aimed to further elucidate its role in AAA pathogenesis with a focus on aortic SMC phenotypic switching. Ventricular zone expressed PH domain containing 1 (VEPH1) was identified as a novel negative regulator for vascular SMC differentiation by our group, and its expression was negatively correlated to miR-126-5p in mouse abdominal aortas based on the present microarray data. In vivo, in addition attenuating Ang II infusion-induced aortic dilation and elastin degradation, miR-126-5p agomirs also significantly reduced the expression of VEPH1. In vitro, to induce synthetic transition of human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs), cells were stimulated with 1 μM Ang II for 24 h. Ectopic overexpression of miR-126-5p restored the differentiation of hAoSMCs-the expression of contractile/differentiated SMC markers, MYH11, and α-SMA, increased, whilst that of synthetic/dedifferentiated SMC markers, PCNA and Vimentin, decreased. Both mus and homo VEPH1 genes were validated as direct targets for miR-126-5p. VEPH1 re-expression impaired miR-126-5p-induced differentiation of hAoSMCs. In addition, Ang II-induced upregulation in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP2, two key proteases responsible for ECM degradation, in mouse aortas and hAoSMCs was reduced by miR-126-5p overexpression as well. Collectively, these results reveal an important, but previously unexplored, role of miR-126-5p in inhibiting AAA development-associated aortic SMC dedifferentiation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Atherosclerosis: Insights into Vascular Pathobiology and Outlook to Novel Treatments. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:744-757. [PMID: 32072564 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathobiology of atherosclerosis and its current and potential future treatments are summarized, with a spotlight on three central cell types involved: (i) endothelial cells (ECs), (ii) macrophages, and (iii) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). (i) EC behaviour is regulated by the central transcription factors YAP/TAZ in reaction to biomechanical forces, such as hemodynamic shear stress. (ii) VSMC transdifferentiation (phenotype switching) to a macrophage-like phenotype contributes to the majority of cells positive for common cell surface macrophage markers in atherosclerotic plaques. (iii) Intra-plaque macrophages originate in a significant number from vascular resident macrophages. They can be activated via pattern recognition receptors on cell membrane (e.g. toll-like receptors) and inside cells (e.g. inflammasomes), requiring priming by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). ECs and macrophages can also be characterized by single-cell RNA sequencing. Adaptive immunity plays an important role in the inflammatory process. Future therapeutic options include vaccination, TRAF-STOPs, senolysis, or CD47 blockade. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
|
16
|
Atheroprotective roles of smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and the TCF21 disease gene as revealed by single-cell analysis. Nat Med 2019; 25:1280-1289. [PMID: 31359001 PMCID: PMC7274198 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to various stimuli, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) can
de-differentiate, proliferate and migrate in a process known as phenotypic
modulation. However, the phenotype of modulated SMCs in vivo during
atherosclerosis and the influence of this process on coronary artery disease
(CAD) risk have not been clearly established. Using single cell RNA sequencing,
we comprehensively characterized the transcriptomic phenotype of modulated SMCs
in vivo in atherosclerotic lesions of both mouse and human arteries and found
that these cells transform into unique fibroblast-like cells, termed
“fibromyocytes”, rather than into a classical macrophage
phenotype. SMC-specific knockout of TCF21, a causal CAD gene,
markedly inhibited SMC phenotypic modulation in mice, leading to the presence of
fewer fibromyocytes within lesions as well as within the protective fibrous cap
of the lesions. Moreover, TCF21 expression was strongly
associated with SMC phenotypic modulation in diseased human coronary arteries,
and higher levels of TCF21 expression were associated with
decreased CAD risk human CAD-relevant tissues. These results establish a
protective role for both TCF21 and SMC phenotypic modulation in
this disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Allahverdian S, Chaabane C, Boukais K, Francis GA, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:540-550. [PMID: 29385543 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge suggests that intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in native atherosclerotic plaque derive mainly from the medial arterial layer. During this process, SMCs undergo complex structural and functional changes giving rise to a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Classically, intimal SMCs are described as dedifferentiated/synthetic SMCs, a phenotype characterized by reduced expression of contractile proteins. Intimal SMCs are considered to have a beneficial role by contributing to the fibrous cap and thereby stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. However, intimal SMCs can lose their properties to such an extent that they become hard to identify, contribute significantly to the foam cell population, and acquire inflammatory-like cell features. This review highlights mechanisms of SMC plasticity in different stages of native atherosclerotic plaque formation, their potential for monoclonal or oligoclonal expansion, as well as recent findings demonstrating the underestimated deleterious role of SMCs in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Allahverdian
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 166 Burrard Building, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Chiraz Chaabane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet-1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Boukais
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 166 Burrard Building, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gordon A Francis
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 166 Burrard Building, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet-1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salmon M, Schaheen B, Spinosa M, Montgomery W, Pope NH, Davis JP, Johnston WF, Sharma AK, Owens GK, Merchant JL, Zehner ZE, Upchurch GR, Ailawadi G. ZFP148 (Zinc-Finger Protein 148) Binds Cooperatively With NF-1 (Neurofibromin 1) to Inhibit Smooth Muscle Marker Gene Expression During Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:73-88. [PMID: 30580567 PMCID: PMC6422047 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective- The goal of this study was to determine the role of ZFP148 (zinc-finger protein 148) in aneurysm formation. Approach and Results- ZFP148 mRNA expression increased at day 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in C57BL/6 mice. Loss of ZFP148 conferred abdominal aortic aneurysm protection using ERTCre+ ZFP148 flx/flx mice. In a third set of experiments, smooth muscle-specific loss of ZFP148 alleles resulted in progressively greater protection using novel transgenic mice (MYH [myosin heavy chain 11] Cre+ flx/flx, flx/wt, and wt/wt). Elastin degradation, LGAL3, and neutrophil staining were significantly attenuated, while α-actin staining was increased in ZFP148 knockout mice. Results were verified in total cell ZFP148 and smooth muscle-specific knockout mice using an angiotensin II model. ZFP148 smooth muscle-specific conditional mice demonstrated increased proliferation and ZFP148 was shown to bind to the p21 promoter during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. ZFP148 smooth muscle-specific conditional knockout mice also demonstrated decreased apoptosis as measured by decreased cleaved caspase-3 staining. ZFP148 bound smooth muscle marker genes via chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis mediated by NF-1 (neurofibromin 1) promote histone H3K4 deacetylation via histone deacetylase 5. Transient transfections and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that NF-1 was required for ZFP148 protein binding to smooth muscle marker genes promoters during aneurysm formation. Elimination of NF-1 using shRNA approaches demonstrated that NF-1 is required for binding and elimination of NF-1 increased BRG1 recruitment, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SWF complex, and increased histone acetylation. Conclusions- ZFP148 plays a critical role in multiple murine models of aneurysm formation. These results suggest that ZFP148 is important in the regulation of proliferation, smooth muscle gene downregulation, and apoptosis in aneurysm development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Salmon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Basil Schaheen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Spinosa
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William Montgomery
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicolas H. Pope
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John P. Davis
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William F. Johnston
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashish K. Sharma
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine of the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gary K. Owens
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Zendra E. Zehner
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine of the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Novikova OA, Laktionov PP, Karpenko AA. The roles of mechanotransduction, vascular wall cells, and blood cells in atheroma induction. Vascular 2018; 27:98-109. [PMID: 30157718 DOI: 10.1177/1708538118796063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes and analyzes the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis development. In particular, the roles of monocytes/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelium in the formation of stable/unstable atheromatous plaques, and the contributions of some processes to atheroma formation. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study we analyzed endothelium: function, dysfunction, and involvement into atherogenesis; cell proteins mediating mechanotransduction; proatherogenic role of monocytes; the role of macrophages in the development of unstable atheromatous plaques and smooth muscle cell origin in atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching; their functioning; the ability to retain cholesterol and lipoproteins as well as secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules and extracellular matrix proteins, their response to extracellular stimuli secreted by other cells, and the effect of smooth muscle cells on the cells surrounding atheromatous plaques are fundamentally important for the insight into atherosclerosis molecular basis. CONCLUSION Atheromatous plaque transcriptome studies will be helpful in the identification of the key genes involved in atheroma transformation and development as well as discovery of the new targets for diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Novikova
- 1 Department of Vascular and Hybrid Surgery, National Medical Research Institute Academician E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,3 E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- 1 Department of Vascular and Hybrid Surgery, National Medical Research Institute Academician E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Frismantiene A, Philippova M, Erne P, Resink TJ. Smooth muscle cell-driven vascular diseases and molecular mechanisms of VSMC plasticity. Cell Signal 2018; 52:48-64. [PMID: 30172025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell type in blood vessels. Unlike many other mature cell types in the adult body, VSMC do not terminally differentiate but retain a remarkable plasticity. Fully differentiated medial VSMCs of mature vessels maintain quiescence and express a range of genes and proteins important for contraction/dilation, which allows them to control systemic and local pressure through the regulation of vascular tone. In response to vascular injury or alterations in local environmental cues, differentiated/contractile VSMCs are capable of switching to a dedifferentiated phenotype characterized by increased proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in concert with decreased expression of contractile markers. Imbalanced VSMC plasticity results in maladaptive phenotype alterations that ultimately lead to progression of a variety of VSMC-driven vascular diseases. The nature, extent and consequences of dysregulated VSMC phenotype alterations are diverse, reflecting the numerous environmental cues (e.g. biochemical factors, extracellular matrix components, physical) that prompt VSMC phenotype switching. In spite of decades of efforts to understand cues and processes that normally control VSMC differentiation and their disruption in VSMC-driven disease states, the crucial molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that shape the VSMC phenotype programme have still not yet been precisely elucidated. In this article we introduce the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle/VSMCs, outline VSMC-driven cardiovascular diseases and the concept of VSMC phenotype switching, and review molecular mechanisms that play crucial roles in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agne Frismantiene
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese J Resink
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Novikova OA, Laktionov PP, Karpenko AA. Mechanisms Underlying Atheroma Induction: The Roles of Mechanotransduction, Vascular Wall Cells, and Blood Cells. Ann Vasc Surg 2018; 53:224-233. [PMID: 30012457 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this article is to review cellular mechanism of atherosclerosis (AS) development. The pathogenesis of AS comprises a sequence of biological events leading to build up of a dense or loose atheromatous plaque (AP). METHODS In this review, we tried to attempt to analyze the cellular mechanisms underlying AS development, including the roles of monocytes/macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the formation of stable/unstable APs. RESULTS As a rule, APs are formed in the regions with irregular blood flow; both mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall and several biological events contribute to plaque formation. Blood lipid/lipoprotein deposition, recruitment of monocytes/macrophages, foam cell formation, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, secretion of extracellular matrix, and formation of the connective tissue in plaques are among the latter events. CONCLUSIONS The review briefs the contributions of different processes to atheroma formation and describes the molecular mechanisms involved in AS development. AP transcriptome studies will be helpful in the identification of the key genes involved in atheroma transformation and development as well as discovery of the new targets for diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Novikova
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vaes RDW, van den Berk L, Boonen B, van Dijk DPJ, Olde Damink SWM, Rensen SS. A novel human cell culture model to study visceral smooth muscle phenotypic modulation in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C598-C607. [PMID: 30044660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00167.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of the smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype is essential for homeostasis and is often involved in pathologies of visceral organs (e.g., uterus, bladder, gastrointestinal tract). In vitro studies of the behavior of visceral SMCs under (patho)-physiological conditions are hampered by a spontaneous, uncontrolled phenotypic modulation of visceral SMCs under regular tissue culture conditions. We aimed to develop a new visceral SMC culture model that allows controlled phenotypic modulation. Human uterine SMCs [ULTR and telomerase-immortalized human myometrial cells (hTERT-HM)] were grown to confluency and kept for up to 6 days on regular tissue culture surfaces or basement membrane (BM) matrix-coated surfaces in the presence of 0-10% serum. mRNA and protein expression and localization of SMC-specific phenotype markers and their transcriptional regulators were investigated by quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Maintaining visceral SMCs confluent for 6 days increased α-smooth muscle actin (1.9-fold) and smooth muscle protein 22-α (3.1-fold), whereas smooth muscle myosin heavy chain was only slightly upregulated (1.3-fold). Culturing on a BM matrix-coated surface further increased these proteins and also markedly promoted mRNA expression of γ-smooth muscle actin (15.0-fold), smoothelin (3.5-fold), h-caldesmon (5.2-fold), serum response factor (7.6-fold), and myocardin (8.1-fold). Whereas additional serum deprivation only minimally affected contractile markers, platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor β1 consistently reduced versus increased their expression. In conclusion, we present a simple and reproducible visceral SMC culture system that allows controlled phenotypic modulation toward both the synthetic and the contractile phenotype. This may greatly facilitate the identification of factors that drive visceral SMC phenotypic changes in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Linda van den Berk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Bas Boonen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - David P J van Dijk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu S, Yang Y, Jiang S, Tang N, Tian J, Ponnusamy M, Tariq MA, Lian Z, Xin H, Yu T. Understanding the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in stent restenosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:153-161. [PMID: 29609130 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading disorders with the highest mortality rate. Percutaneous angioplasty and stent implantation are the currently available standard methods for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. However, the stent being an exogenous substance causes several complications by promoting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, immune responses and neointima formation after implantation, leading to post-stent restenosis (ISR) and late thrombosis. The prevention of these adverse vascular events is important to achieve long-term proper functioning of the heart after stent implantation. Non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules not translated into proteins, theyhave a great potential in regulating endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle function as well as inflammatory reactions. In this review, we outline the regulatory functions of different classes of ncRNA in cardiovascular disease and propose ncRNAs as new targets for stent restonosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Tang
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Akram Tariq
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United states
| | - Zhexun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Das S, Senapati P, Chen Z, Reddy MA, Ganguly R, Lanting L, Mandi V, Bansal A, Leung A, Zhang S, Jia Y, Wu X, Schones DE, Natarajan R. Regulation of angiotensin II actions by enhancers and super-enhancers in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1467. [PMID: 29133788 PMCID: PMC5684340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) promotes hypertension and atherosclerosis by activating growth-promoting and pro-inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Enhancers and super-enhancers (SEs) play critical roles in driving disease-associated gene expression. However, enhancers/SEs mediating VSMC dysfunction remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that AngII alters vascular enhancer and SE repertoires in cultured VSMCs in vitro, ex vivo, and in AngII-infused mice aortas in vivo. AngII-induced enhancers/SEs are enriched in binding sites for signal-dependent transcription factors and dependent on key signaling kinases. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of candidate enhancers/SEs, targeting SEs with the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitor JQ1, or knockdown of overlapping long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) blocks AngII-induced genes associated with growth-factor signaling and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, JQ1 ameliorates AngII-induced hypertension, medial hypertrophy and inflammation in vivo in mice. These results demonstrate AngII-induced signals integrate enhancers/SEs and lncRNAs to increase expression of genes involved in VSMC dysfunction, and could uncover novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Parijat Senapati
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marpadga A Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Varun Mandi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Anita Bansal
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Selena Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ye Jia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dustin E Schones
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Oliveira MG, Doro FG, Tfouni E, Krieger MH. Phenotypic switching prevention and proliferation/migration inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells by the ruthenium nitrosyl complex trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam](PF 6 ) 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1155-1165. [PMID: 28590566 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation at sites of vascular injury are both critical steps in the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH). Local delivery of nitric oxide (NO) largely prevents these events. Among the NO donors, tetraazamacrocyclic nitrosyl complexes, such as trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam)](PF6 )2 (cyclamNO), gained attention for their features, which include the possibility of being embedded in solid matrices, and ability to participate in a nitrite/NO catalytic conversion cycle. METHODS Methods used to evaluate cyclamNO activity: safety margin by NR and MTT; cell proliferation by 3H-thymidine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression; antimigratory properties by transwell and wound healing; prevention of cell phenotypic switching under platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) stimuli by analysis of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. KEY FINDINGS Cell proliferation and migration induced by PDGF-BB were significantly inhibited by cyclamNO. The ~60% reduction on expression of contractile protein α-SMA induced by PDGF-BB revealed VSMC phenotypic switching which is significantly prevented by cyclamNO. Compared to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside, cyclamNO showed to be significantly less cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS With great potential to maintain VSMC functionality and prevent IH-associated events, cyclamNO might be a promissory drug for several applications in cardiovascular medicine, as in stents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cardiovascular, Departamento de Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio G Doro
- Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Elia Tfouni
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta H Krieger
- Laboratório de Cardiovascular, Departamento de Anatomia, Biologia Celular e Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gareri C, Iaconetti C, Sorrentino S, Covello C, De Rosa S, Indolfi C. miR-125a-5p Modulates Phenotypic Switch of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting ETS-1. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1817-1828. [PMID: 28502794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic switch, one of the main events responsible for bare metal in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. miR-125a-5p is an important modulator of differentiation, proliferation, and migration in different cell types; however, its role in VSMCs is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of miR-125a-5p in VSMCs phenotypic switch. Our results suggest that miR-125a-5p is highly expressed in VSMCs, but it is down-regulated after vascular injury in vivo. Its overexpression is sufficient to reduce VSMCs proliferation and migration, and it is able to promote the expression of selective VSMCs markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin, myosin heavy chain 11, and smooth muscle 22 alpha. Interestingly, miR-125a-5p directly targets ETS-1, a transcription factor implicated in cell proliferation and migration and is crucial in PDGF-BB pathway in VSMCs. Thus, miR-125a-5p in this context inhibits PDGF-BB pathway and is therefore a potential regulator of VSMCs phenotypic switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gareri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - C Iaconetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - S Sorrentino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - C Covello
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - S De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - C Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of IFC.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan JF, Huang WJ, Zhao JF, Fu HY, Zhang GY, Huang XJ, Lv BD. The platelet-derived growth factor receptor/STAT3 signaling pathway regulates the phenotypic transition of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172191. [PMID: 28245285 PMCID: PMC5330473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common clinical disease that is difficult to treat. We previously found that hypoxia modulates the phenotype of primary corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in rats, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-related signaling pathways are correlated with cell phenotypic transition, but research has been focused more on vascular smooth muscle and tracheal smooth muscle and less on CCSMCs. Here, we investigated the role of PDGFR-related signaling pathways in penile CCSMCs, which were successfully isolated from rats and cultured in vitro. PDGF-BB at 5, 10, or 20 ng/ml altered CCSMC morphology from the original elongated, spindle shape to a broader shape and promoted the synthetic phenotype and expression of the related proteins vimentin and collagen-I, while inhibiting the contractile phenotype and expression of the related proteins smooth muscle (SM) α-actin (α-SMA) and desmin. Inhibition of PDGFR activity via siRNA or the PDGFR inhibitor crenolanib inhibited vimentin and collagen-I expression, increased α-SMA and desmin expression, and considerably inhibited serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. STAT3 knockdown promoted the contractile phenotype, inhibited vimentin and collagen-I expression, and increased α-SMA and desmin expression, whereas AKT knockdown did not affect phenotype-associated proteins. STAT3 overexpression in CCSMC cells weakened the suppressive effect of PDGFR inhibition on the morphology and phenotypic transformation induced by PDGF-BB. Through activation of the PDGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway, PDGF promoted the synthetic phenotype transition; thus, regulation of this pathway might contribute to ED therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ying Fu
- Andrology Laboratory on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Yue Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Dong Lv
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Andrology Laboratory on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi N, Li CX, Cui XB, Tomarev SI, Chen SY. Olfactomedin 2 Regulates Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling Through Mediating Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Binding to Serum Response Factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:446-454. [PMID: 28062493 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of Olfactomedin 2 (Olfm2) in smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. APPROACH AND RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induces Olfm2 expression in primary SMCs while modulating SMC phenotype as shown by the downregulation of SMC marker proteins. Knockdown of Olfm2 blocks platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced SMC phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and migration. Conversely, Olfm2 overexpression inhibits SMC marker expression. Mechanistically, Olfm2 promotes the interaction of serum response factor with the runt-related transcription factor 2 that is induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, leading to a decreased interaction between serum response factor and myocardin, causing a repression of SMC marker gene transcription and consequently SMC phenotypic modulation. Animal studies show that Olfm2 is upregulated in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Knockdown of Olfm2 effectively inhibits balloon injury-induced neointima formation. Importantly, knockout of Olfm2 in mice profoundly suppresses wire injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression, suggesting that Olfm2 plays a critical role in SMC phenotypic modulation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Olfm2 is a novel factor mediating SMC phenotypic modulation. Thus, Olfm2 may be a potential target for treating injury-induced proliferative vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (N.S., C.-X.L., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); and Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.I.T.)
| | - Chen-Xiao Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (N.S., C.-X.L., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); and Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.I.T.)
| | - Xiao-Bing Cui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (N.S., C.-X.L., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); and Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.I.T.)
| | - Stanislav I Tomarev
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (N.S., C.-X.L., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); and Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.I.T.)
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (N.S., C.-X.L., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); and Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.I.T.).
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Herring BP, Hoggatt AM, Griffith SL, McClintick JN, Gallagher PJ. Inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation following carotid artery ligation. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:115-126. [PMID: 28039430 PMCID: PMC5374455 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00095.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following vascular injury medial smooth muscle cells dedifferentiate and migrate through the internal elastic lamina where they form a neointima. The goal of the current study was to identify changes in gene expression that occur before the development of neointima and are associated with the early response to injury. Vascular injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice and in Myh11-creER(T2) mTmG reporter mice by complete ligation of the left carotid artery. Reporter mice were used to visualize cellular changes in the injured vessels. Total RNA was isolated from control carotid arteries or from carotid arteries 3 days following ligation of C57BL/6 mice and analyzed by Affymetrix microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. This analysis revealed decreased expression of mRNAs encoding smooth muscle-specific contractile proteins that was accompanied by a marked increase in a host of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines following injury. There was also marked decrease in molecules associated with BMP, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling and an increase in those associated with B cell, T cell, and macrophage signaling. Expression of a number of noncoding RNAs were also altered following injury with microRNAs 143/145 being dramatically downregulated and microRNAs 1949 and 142 upregulated. Several long noncoding RNAs showed altered expression that mirrored the expression of their nearest coding genes. These data demonstrate that following carotid artery ligation an inflammatory cascade is initiated that is associated with the downregulation of coding and noncoding RNAs that are normally required to maintain smooth muscle cells in a differentiated state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Paul Herring
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - April M Hoggatt
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Sarah L Griffith
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patricia J Gallagher
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shh mediates PDGF-induced contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic modulation in vascular smooth muscle cells through regulation of KLF4. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
31
|
Lin C, Yuan Y, Courtman DW. Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Is Regulated by PDGF-BB and Collagen. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156935. [PMID: 27258003 PMCID: PMC4892566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are key regulators of vascular disease and circulating smooth muscle progenitor cells may play important roles in vascular repair or remodelling. We developed enhanced protocols to derive smooth muscle progenitors from murine bone marrow and tested whether factors that are increased in atherosclerotic plaques, namely platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and monomeric collagen, can influence the smooth muscle specific differentiation, proliferation, and survival of mouse bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. During a 21 day period of culture, bone marrow cells underwent a marked increase in expression of the SMC markers α-SMA (1.93 ± 0.15 vs. 0.0008 ± 0.0003 (ng/ng GAPDH) at 0 d), SM22-α (1.50 ± 0.27 vs. 0.005 ± 0.001 (ng/ng GAPDH) at 0 d) and SM-MHC (0.017 ± 0.004 vs. 0.001 ± 0.001 (ng/ng GAPDH) at 0 d). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation experiments showed that in early culture, the smooth muscle progenitor subpopulation could be identified by high proliferative rates prior to the expression of smooth muscle specific markers. Culture of fresh bone marrow or smooth muscle progenitor cells with PDGF-BB suppressed the expression of α-SMA and SM22-α, in a rapidly reversible manner requiring PDGF receptor kinase activity. Progenitors cultured on polymerized collagen gels demonstrated expression of SMC markers, rates of proliferation and apoptosis similar to that of cells on tissue culture plastic; in contrast, cells grown on monomeric collagen gels displayed lower SMC marker expression, lower growth rates (319 ± 36 vs. 635 ± 97 cells/mm2), and increased apoptosis (5.3 ± 1.6% vs. 1.0 ± 0.5% (Annexin 5 staining)). Our data shows that the differentiation and survival of smooth muscle progenitors are critically affected by PDGF-BB and as well as the substrate collagen structure.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Becaplermin
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/ultrastructure
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/pharmacology
- Female
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/ultrastructure
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lin
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W. Courtman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ha JM, Yun SJ, Kim YW, Jin SY, Lee HS, Song SH, Shin HK, Bae SS. Platelet-derived growth factor regulates vascular smooth muscle phenotype via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Aortic smooth muscle cell alterations in mice systemically exposed to arsenic. Heart Vessels 2015; 31:807-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-015-0708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Wang G, Jacquet L, Karamariti E, Xu Q. Origin and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Physiol 2015; 593:3013-30. [PMID: 25952975 PMCID: PMC4532522 DOI: 10.1113/jp270033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), a major structural component of the vessel wall, not only play a key role in maintaining vascular structure but also perform various functions. During embryogenesis, SMC recruitment from their progenitors is an important step in the formation of the embryonic vascular system. SMCs in the arterial wall are mostly quiescent but can display a contractile phenotype in adults. Under pathophysiological conditions, i.e. vascular remodelling after endothelial dysfunction or damage, contractile SMCs found in the media switch to a secretory type, which will facilitate their ability to migrate to the intima and proliferate to contribute to neointimal lesions. However, recent evidence suggests that the mobilization and recruitment of abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are largely responsible for SMC accumulation in the intima during vascular remodelling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control SMC differentiation from vascular progenitors is essential for exploring therapeutic targets for potential clinical applications. In this article, we review the origin and differentiation of SMCs from stem/progenitor cells during cardiovascular development and in the adult, highlighting the environmental cues and signalling pathways that control phenotypic modulation within the vasculature.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Laureen Jacquet
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Eirini Karamariti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Inhibitory role of reactive oxygen species in the differentiation of multipotent vascular stem cells into vascular smooth muscle cells in rats: a novel aspect of traditional culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:97-113. [PMID: 26022334 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative or synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are widely accepted to be mainly derived from the dedifferentiation or phenotypic modulation of mature contractile VSMCs, i.e., a phenotype switch from a normally quiescent and contractile type into a proliferative or synthetic form. However, this theory has been challenged by recent evidence that synthetic VSMCs predominantly originate instead from media-derived multipotent vascular stem cells (MVSCs). To test these hypotheses further, we re-examine whether the conventional rat aortic SMC (RASMC) culture involves the VSMC differentiation of MVSCs or the dedifferentiation of mature VSMCs and the potential mechanism for controlling the synthetic phenotype of RASMCs. We enzymatically isolated RASMCs and cultured the cells in both a regular growth medium (RGM) and a stem cell growth medium (SCGM). Regardless of culture conditions, only a small portion of freshly isolated RASMCs attaches, survives and grows slowly during the first 7 days of primary culture, while expressing both SMC- and MVSC-specific markers. RGM-cultured cells undergo a process of synthetic SMC differentiation, whereas SCGM-cultured cells can be differentiated into not only synthetic SMCs but also other somatic cells. Notably, compared with the RGM-cultured differentiated RASMCs, the SCGM-cultured undifferentiated cells exhibit the phenotype of MVSCs and generate greater amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as a negative regulator of differentiation into synthetic VSMCs. Knockdown of phospholipase A2, group 7 (Pla2g7) suppresses ROS formation in the MVSCs while enhancing SMC differentiation of MVSCs. These results suggest that cultured synthetic VSMCs can be derived from the SMC differentiation of MVSCs with ROS as a negative regulator.
Collapse
|
36
|
KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis. Nat Med 2015; 21:628-37. [PMID: 25985364 PMCID: PMC4552085 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 834] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of unreliable methods for clearly identifying each of these cell types. Here, using Myh11-CreER(T2) ROSA floxed STOP eYFP Apoe(-/-) mice to perform SMC lineage tracing, we find that traditional methods for detecting SMCs based on immunostaining for SMC markers fail to detect >80% of SMC-derived cells within advanced atherosclerotic lesions. These unidentified SMC-derived cells exhibit phenotypes of other cell lineages, including macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). SMC-specific conditional knockout of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) resulted in reduced numbers of SMC-derived MSC- and macrophage-like cells, a marked reduction in lesion size, and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability, including an increase in fibrous cap thickness as compared to wild-type controls. On the basis of in vivo KLF4 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses and studies of cholesterol-treated cultured SMCs, we identified >800 KLF4 target genes, including many that regulate pro-inflammatory responses of SMCs. Our findings indicate that the contribution of SMCs to atherosclerotic plaques has been greatly underestimated, and that KLF4-dependent transitions in SMC phenotype are critical in lesion pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:33-50. [PMID: 25677529 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic and functional plasticity in order to respond to vascular injury. In case of the vessel damage, VSMCs are able to switch from the quiescent 'contractile' phenotype to the 'proinflammatory' phenotype. This change is accompanied by decrease in expression of smooth muscle (SM)-specific markers responsible for SM contraction and production of proinflammatory mediators that modulate induction of proliferation and chemotaxis. Indeed, activated VSMCs could efficiently proliferate and migrate contributing to the vascular wall repair. However, in chronic inflammation that occurs in atherosclerosis, arterial VSMCs become aberrantly regulated and this leads to increased VSMC dedifferentiation and extracellular matrix formation in plaque areas. Proatherosclerotic switch in VSMC phenotype is a complex and multistep mechanism that may be induced by a variety of proinflammatory stimuli and hemodynamic alterations. Disturbances in hemodynamic forces could initiate the proinflammatory switch in VSMC phenotype even in pre-clinical stages of atherosclerosis. Proinflammatory signals play a crucial role in further dedifferentiation of VSMCs in affected vessels and propagation of pathological vascular remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Chistiakov
- Research Center for Children's Health; Moscow Russia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program; Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mount Sinai Medical Center; Miami Beach FL USA
| | - A. N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Department of Biophysics; Biological Faculty; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Y. V. Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Campbelltown NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Su K, Edwards SL, Tan KS, White JF, Kandel S, Ramshaw JA, Gargett CE, Werkmeister JA. Induction of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells into tissue-forming cells suitable for fascial repair. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:5012-5020. [PMID: 25194931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse is a major hidden burden affecting almost one in four women. It is treated by reconstructive surgery, often augmented with synthetic mesh. To overcome the growing concerns of using current synthetic meshes coupled with the high risk of reoperation, a tissue engineering strategy has been developed, adopting a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are derived from the highly regenerative endometrial lining of the uterus (eMSCs) and will be delivered in vivo using a new gelatin-coated polyamide scaffold. In this study, gelatin properties were optimized by altering the gelatin concentration and extent of crosslinking to produce the desired gelation and degradation rate in culture. Following cell seeding of uncoated polyamide (PA) and gelatin-coated meshes (PA+G), the growth rate of eMSCs on the PA+G scaffolds was more than that on the PA alone, without compromising cell shape. eMSCs cultured on the PA+G scaffold retained their phenotype, as demonstrated by W5C5/SUSD2 (eMSC-specific marker) immunocytochemistry. Additionally, eMSCs were induced to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMC), as shown by immunofluorescence for smooth muscle protein 22 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. eMSCs also differentiated into fibroblast-like cells when treated with connective tissue growth factor with enhanced detection of Tenascin-C and collagen type I as well as new tissue formation, as seen by Masson's trichrome. In summary, it was demonstrated that the PA+G scaffold is an appropriate platform for eMSC delivery, proliferation and differentiation into SMC and fibroblasts, with good biocompatibility and the capacity to regenerate neo-tissue.
Collapse
|
39
|
Herring BP, Hoggatt AM, Burlak C, Offermanns S. Previously differentiated medial vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to neointima formation following vascular injury. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:21. [PMID: 25309723 PMCID: PMC4193961 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The origins of neointimal smooth muscle cells that arise following vascular injury remains controversial. Studies have suggested that these cells may arise from previously differentiated medial vascular smooth muscle cells, resident stem cells or blood born progenitors. In the current study we examined the contribution of the previously differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells to the neointima that forms following carotid artery ligation. Methods We utilized transgenic mice harboring a cre recombinase-dependent reporter gene (mTmG). These mice express membrane targeted tandem dimer Tomato (mTomato) prior to cre-mediated excision and membrane targeted EGFP (mEGFP) following excision. The mTmG mice were crossed with transgenic mice expressing either smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Myh11) or smooth muscle α-actin (Acta2) driven tamoxifen regulated cre recombinase. Following treatment of adult mice with tamoxifen these mice express mEGFP exclusively in differentiated smooth muscle cells. Subsequently vascular injury was induced in the mice by carotid artery ligation and the contribution of mEGFP positive cells to the neointima determined. Results Analysis of the cellular composition of the neointima that forms following injury revealed that mEGFP positive cells derived from either Mhy11 or Acta2 tagged medial vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to the majority of neointima formation (79 ± 17% and 81 ± 12%, respectively). Conclusion These data demonstrate that the majority of the neointima that forms following carotid ligation is derived from previously differentiated medial vascular smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Paul Herring
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - April M Hoggatt
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Current address: Schultz Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gole HKA, Tharp DL, Bowles DK. Upregulation of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCNN4) in porcine coronary smooth muscle requires NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). PLoS One 2014; 9:e105337. [PMID: 25144362 PMCID: PMC4140784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims NADPH oxidase (NOX) is the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and is proposed to play a key role in redox signaling involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Growth factors and cytokines stimulate coronary SMC (CSMC) phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and migration during atherosclerotic plaque development and restenosis. We previously demonstrated that increased expression and activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCNN4) is necessary for CSMC phenotypic modulation and progression of stenotic lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether NOX is required for KCNN4 upregulation induced by mitogenic growth factors. Methods and Results Dihydroethidium micro-fluorography in porcine CSMCs demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased superoxide production, which was blocked by the NOX inhibitor apocynin (Apo). Apo also blocked bFGF-induced increases in KCNN4 mRNA levels in both right coronary artery sections and CSMCs. Similarly, immunohistochemistry and whole cell voltage clamp showed bFGF-induced increases in CSMC KCNN4 protein expression and channel activity were abolished by Apo. Treatment with Apo also inhibited bFGF-induced increases in activator protein-1 promoter activity, as measured by luciferase activity assay. qRT-PCR demonstrated porcine coronary smooth muscle expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NOX5 isoforms. Knockdown of NOX5 alone prevented both bFGF-induced upregulation of KCNN4 mRNA and CSMC migration. Conclusions Our findings provide novel evidence that NOX5-derived ROS increase functional expression of KCNN4 through activator protein-1, providing another potential link between NOX, CSMC phenotypic modulation, and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope K. A. Gole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Darla L. Tharp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wen P, Cao H, Fang L, Ye H, zhou Y, Jiang L, Su W, Xu H, He W, Dai C, Yang J. miR-125b/Ets1 axis regulates transdifferentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells in a high-phosphate environment. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:302-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
42
|
Kim J, Jang SW, Park E, Oh M, Park S, Ko J. The role of heat shock protein 90 in migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:157-67. [PMID: 24650873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is overexpressed in plaques of atherosclerosis patients, and is associated with plaque instability. However, the role of HSP90 in atherosclerosis remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of HSP90 inhibition on migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and involvement in atherosclerosis. To examine the role of HSP90 in VSMC migration, VSMCs were treated with the specific HSP90 inhibitors, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and STA-9090. Results of a chemotaxis assay showed that the HSP90 inhibitors suppress migration of VSMCs. HSP90 inhibition also prevented invasion and sprout formation of VSMCs via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 proteolytic activity. Results of a flow cytometric analysis showed that HSP90 inhibition induces cell cycle arrest via regulation of cyclin D3, PCNA and pRb. To investigate the role of HSP90 in the development of atherosclerosis, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient mice were fed with a high cholesterol diet for 4weeks and treated with 17-AAG for 8weeks. HSP90 inhibition suppressed migration of VSMCs into atherosclerotic plaque lesions in high cholesterol diet-stimulated LDLR(-/-) mice. Inhibition of HSP90 attenuates formation of atherosclerotic plaques via suppression of VSMC migration and proliferation, indicating that HSP90 inhibitors can be used as therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis and in stent restenosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Benzoquinones/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cholesterol/administration & dosage
- Cholesterol/adverse effects
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/pharmacology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Triazoles/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eunsoo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Minseok Oh
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Sodam Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hu B, Dobson J, El Haj AJ. Control of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) up-regulation in HBMSCs using remote magnetic particle mechano-activation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
44
|
Turner EC, Huang CL, Govindarajan K, Caplice NM. Identification of a Klf4-dependent upstream repressor region mediating transcriptional regulation of the myocardin gene in human smooth muscle cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2013; 1829:1191-201. [PMID: 24060351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a central role in the development of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. However, the factors regulating expression of the human myocardin (Myocd) gene, the master gene regulator of SMC differentiation, have yet to be identified. In this study, we sought to identify the critical factors regulating Myocd expression in human SMCs. Using deletion/genetic reporter analyses, an upstream repressor region (URR) was localised within the Myocd promoter, herein termed PrmM. Bioinformatic analysis revealed three evolutionary conserved Klf4 sites within the URR and disruption of those elements led to substantial increases in PrmM-directed gene expression. Furthermore, ectopic expression established that Klf4 significantly decreased Myocd mRNA levels and PrmM-directed gene expression while electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed specific binding of endogenous Klf4, and not Klf5 or Klf2, to the URR of PrmM. Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), a potent inhibitor of SMC differentiation, reduced Myocd mRNA levels and PrmM-directed gene expression in SMCs. A PDGF-BB-responsive region (PRR) was also identified within PrmM, overlapping with the previously identified URR, where either siRNA knockdown of Klf4 or the combined disruption of the Klf4 elements completely abolished PDGF-BB-mediated repression of PrmM-directed gene expression in SMCs. Moreover, ChIP analysis established that PDGF-BB-induced repression of Myocd gene expression is most likely regulated by enhanced binding of Klf4 and Klf5 to a lesser extent, to the PRR of PrmM. Taken together, these data provide critical insights into the transcriptional regulation of the Myocd gene in vascular SMCs, including during SMC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizebeth C Turner
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wanjare M, Kusuma S, Gerecht S. Perivascular cells in blood vessel regeneration. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:434-47. [PMID: 23554249 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular engineering seeks to design and construct functional blood vessels comprising endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells (PCs), with the ultimate goal of clinical translation. While EC behavior has been extensively investigated, PCs play an equally significant role in the development of novel regenerative strategies, providing functionality and stability to vessels. The two major classes of PCs are vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and pericytes; vSMCs can be further sub-classified as either contractile or synthetic. The inclusion of these cell types is crucial for successful regeneration of blood vessels. Furthermore, understanding distinctions between vSMCs and pericytes will enable improved therapeutics in a tissue-specific manner. Here we focus on the approaches and challenges facing the use of PCs in vascular regeneration, including their characteristics, stem cell sources, and interactions with ECs. Finally, we discuss biochemical and microRNA (miR) regulators of PC behavior and engineering approaches that mimic various cues affecting PC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Wanjare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guan H, Chen C, Zhu L, Cui C, Guo Y, Fu M, Wang L, Tang Q. Indole-3-carbinol blocks platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell function and reduces neointima formation in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
47
|
Chalouhi N, Ali MS, Starke RM, Jabbour PM, Tjoumakaris SI, Gonzalez LF, Rosenwasser RH, Koch WJ, Dumont AS. Cigarette smoke and inflammation: role in cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:271582. [PMID: 23316103 PMCID: PMC3532877 DOI: 10.1155/2012/271582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage yet the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent data has implicated a role of inflammation in the development of cerebral aneurysms. Inflammation accompanying cigarette smoke exposure may thus be a critical pathway underlying the development, progression, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Various constituents of the inflammatory response appear to be involved including adhesion molecules, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, leukocytes, matrix metalloproteinases, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Characterization of the molecular basis of the inflammatory response accompanying cigarette smoke exposure will provide a rational approach for future targeted therapy. In this paper, we review the current body of knowledge implicating cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in cerebral aneurysm formation/rupture and attempt to highlight important avenues for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nohra Chalouhi
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Ali
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert M. Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Pascal M. Jabbour
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - L. Fernando Gonzalez
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert H. Rosenwasser
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and George Zallie and Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Division of Neurovascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Salmon M, Gomez D, Greene E, Shankman L, Owens GK. Cooperative binding of KLF4, pELK-1, and HDAC2 to a G/C repressor element in the SM22α promoter mediates transcriptional silencing during SMC phenotypic switching in vivo. Circ Res 2012; 111:685-96. [PMID: 22811558 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.269811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously identified conserved G/C Repressor elements in the promoters of most smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker genes and demonstrated that mutation of this element within the SM22α promoter nearly abrogated repression of this transgene after vascular wire injury or within lesions of ApoE-/- mice. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the G/C Repressor are unknown, although we have previously shown that phenotypic switching of cultured SMC is dependent on Krupple-like factor (KLF)4. OBJECTIVE The goals of the present studies were to ascertain if (1) injury-induced repression of SM22α gene after vascular injury is mediated through KLF4 binding to the G/C Repressor element and (2) the transcriptional repressor activity of KLF4 on SMC marker genes is dependent on cooperative binding with pELK-1 (downstream activator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway) and subsequent recruitment of histone de-acetylase 2 (HDAC2), which mediates epigenetic gene silencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed on chromatin derived from carotid arteries of mice having either a wild-type or G/C Repressor mutant SM22α promoter-LacZ transgene. KLF4 and pELK-1 binding to the SM22α promoter was markedly increased after vascular injury and was G/C Repressor dependent. Sequential ChIP assays and proximity ligation analyses in cultured SMC treated with platelet-derived growth factor BB or oxidized phospholipids showed formation of a KLF4, pELK-1, and HDAC2 multiprotein complex dependent on the SM22α G/C Repressor element. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of SMC marker genes during phenotypic switching is partially mediated by sequential binding of pELK-1 and KLF4 to G/C Repressor elements. The pELK-1-KLF4 complex in turn recruits HDAC2, leading to reduced histone acetylation and epigenetic silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Salmon
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1394, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu Z, Ji G, Shen J, Wang X, Zhou J, Li L. SOX9 and myocardin counteract each other in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:285-90. [PMID: 22580282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into chondrogenic cells contributes significantly to vascular calcification during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that control such phenotypic switch remain unclear. This process is characterized by the induction of Sox9 and Col2a1 genes accompanied by the repression of myocardin (Myocd) and SMC differentiation markers such as SM22, SM α-actin and SM-MHC. Here we explore the regulatory role of SOX9, the master regulator for chondrogenesis, in modulating SMC marker gene expression. qRT-PCR and luciferase assays show that over-expression of SOX9 inhibits SMC gene transcription and promoter activities induced by myocardin, the master regulator of smooth muscle differentiation. Such suppression is independent of the CArG box in the SMC promoters but dependent on myocardin. EMSA assay further shows that SOX9 neither participates in SRF (serum response factor) binding to the CArG box nor interacts with SRF, while co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates an association of SOX9 with myocardin. Conversely, myocardin suppresses SOX9-mediated chondrogenic gene Col2a1 expression. These findings provide the first mechanistic insights into the important regulatory role of SOX9 and myocardin in controlling the transcription program during SMC transdifferentiation into chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guan H, Zhu L, Fu M, Yang D, Tian S, Guo Y, Cui C, Wang L, Jiang H. 3,3'Diindolylmethane suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and inhibits neointima formation after carotid injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34957. [PMID: 22506059 PMCID: PMC3323601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3,3'Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural phytochemical, has shown inhibitory effects on the growth and migration of a variety of cancer cells; however, whether DIM has similar effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of DIM on the proliferation and migration of cultured VSMCs and neointima formation in a carotid injury model, as well as the related cell signaling mechanisms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS DIM dose-dependently inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs without cell cytotoxicity. This inhibition was caused by a G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis. We also showed that DIM-induced growth inhibition was associated with the inhibition of the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 as well as an increase in p27(Kip1) levels in PDGF-stimulated VSMCs. Moreover, DIM was also found to modulate migration of VSMCs and smooth muscle-specific contractile marker expression. Mechanistically, DIM negatively modulated PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of PDGF-recptorβ (PDGF-Rβ) and the activities of downstream signaling molecules including Akt/glycogen synthase kinase(GSK)3β, extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). Our in vivo studies using a mouse carotid arterial injury model revealed that treatment with 150 mg/kg DIM resulted in significant reduction of the neointima/media ratio and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells, without affecting apoptosis of vascular cells and reendothelialization. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was also inhibited by DIM administration. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that DIM can suppress the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury. These beneficial effects on VSMCs were at least partly mediated by the inhibition of PDGF-Rβ and the activities of downstream signaling pathways. The results suggest that DIM has the potential to be a candidate for the prevention of restenosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Becaplermin
- Carotid Artery Diseases/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Neointima/metabolism
- Neointima/pathology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|