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Lu T, Cong L, Jiang T, Dong X, Song L. Neuropeptide Y Promotes the Treatment of Adipose Stem Cells on Type 2 Diabetic Wounds. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:683-694. [PMID: 37084169 PMCID: PMC10352478 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disorder. Due to insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance, increased blood glucose often leads to impaired wound healing in T2D patients. Our previous research showed that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from normal mice and T2D mice improved the cutaneous wound healing of diabetic mice. We also found that the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in T2D ASCs was significantly decreased. METHODS In order to explore the effects of NPY on ASCs and diabetic wound healing, we investigated the effects of NPY on ASCs proliferation and growth factors expression and secretion, the effects of NPY on skin fibroblasts, and the effects of NPY combined with ASCs on T2D wound healing. RESULTS The results showed that a certain concentration of NPY could promote the proliferation and the growth factors expression and secretion of ASCs, and promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. At the same time, NPY and ASCs have a synergistic effect, which can promote wound healing and decrease inflammation in T2D wounds. NPY may regulate ASCs through the ERK pathway. These results are conducive to promoting ASCs and NPY in the treatment of diabetic wounds. CONCLUSIONS NPY can promote the effect of ASCs in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghuan Lu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cong
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Jiang
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Song
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zheng Y, Lin J, Liu D, Wan G, Gu X, Ma J. Nogo-B promotes angiogenesis and improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction via activating Notch1 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:306. [PMID: 35383153 PMCID: PMC8983727 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nogo-B (Reticulon 4B) is reportedly a regulator of angiogenesis during the development and progression of cancer. However, whether Nogo-B regulates angiogenesis and post-myocardial infarction (MI) cardiac repair remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of Nogo-B in cardiac repair during MI. We observed an increased expression level of Nogo-B in the heart of mouse MI models, as well as in isolated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Moreover, Nogo-B was significantly upregulated in CMECs exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Nogo-B overexpression in the endothelium via cardiotropic adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) with the mouse endothelial-specific promoter Tie2 improved heart function, reduced scar size, and increased angiogenesis. RNA-seq data indicated that Notch signaling is a deregulated pathway in isolated CMECs along the border zone of the infarct with Nogo-B overexpression. Mechanistically, Nogo-B activated Notch1 signaling and upregulated Hes1 in the MI hearts. Inhibition of Notch signaling using a specific siRNA and γ-secretase inhibitor abolished the promotive effects of Nogo-B overexpression on network formation and migration of isolated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Furthermore, endothelial Notch1 heterozygous deletion inhibited Nogo-B-induced cardioprotection and angiogenesis in the MI model. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Nogo-B is a positive regulator of angiogenesis by activating the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that Nogo-B is a novel molecular target for ischemic disease.
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Qin YY, Huang XR, Zhang J, Wu W, Chen J, Wan S, Yu XY, Lan HY. Neuropeptide Y attenuates cardiac remodeling and deterioration of function following myocardial infarction. Mol Ther 2022; 30:881-897. [PMID: 34628054 PMCID: PMC8821956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) are elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but its role in AMI remains unclear, which was examined here in NPY wild-type/knockout (WT/KO) mice treated with/without exogenous NPY and its Y1 receptor antagonist (Y1Ra) BIBP 3226. We found that AMI mice lacking NPY developed more severe AMI than WT mice with worse cardiac dysfunction, progressive cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, and excessive apoptosis but impairing angiogenesis. All of these changes were reversed when the NPY KO mice were treated with exogenous NPY in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, treatment with NPY also dose dependently attenuated AMI in WT mice, which was blocked by BIBP 3226. Phenotypically, cardiac NPY was de novo expressed by infiltrating macrophages during the repairing or fibrosing process in heart-failure patients and AMI mice. Mechanistically, NPY was induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages and signaled through its Y1R to exert its pathophysiological activities by inhibiting p38/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated M1 macrophage activation while promoting the reparative M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, NPY can attenuate AMI in mice. Inhibition of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis while enhancing angiogenesis but reducing apoptosis may be the underlying mechanisms through which NPY attenuates cardiac remodeling and deterioration of function following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenyang Northern Hospital, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junzhe Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Song Wan
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, CUHK, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Wu JQ, Jiang N, Yu B. Mechanisms of action of neuropeptide Y on stem cells and its potential applications in orthopaedic disorders. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:986-1000. [PMID: 33033559 PMCID: PMC7524693 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading causes of disability and result in reduced quality of life. The neuro-osteogenic network is one of the most promising fields in orthopaedic research. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been reported to be involved in the regulations of bone metabolism and homeostasis, which also provide feedback to the central NPY system via NPY receptors. Currently, potential roles of peripheral NPY in bone metabolism remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests that NPY can regulate biological actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes via a local autocrine or paracrine manner by different NPY receptors. The regulative activities of NPY may be achieved through the plasticity of NPY receptors, and interactions among the targeted cells as well. In general, NPY can influence proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and cytokine secretion of different types of cells, and play crucial roles in the development of bone delayed/non-union, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Further basic research should clarify detailed mechanisms of action of NPY on stem cells, and clinical investigations are also necessary to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of NPY and its receptor-targeted drugs in management of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Huadu District People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510800, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Bairey Merz CN, Pepine CJ, Shimokawa H, Berry C. Treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:856-870. [PMID: 32087007 PMCID: PMC7061279 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary data indicate that patients with signs and symptoms of ischaemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) with elevated risk for adverse outcomes. Coronary endothelial (constriction with acetylcholine) and/or microvascular (limited coronary flow reserve with adenosine) dysfunction are well-documented, and extensive non-obstructive atherosclerosis is often present. Despite these data, patients with INOCA currently remain under-treated, in part, because existing management guidelines do not address this large, mostly female population due to the absence of evidence-based data. Relatively small sample-sized, short-term pilot studies of symptomatic mostly women, with INOCA, using intense medical therapies targeting endothelial, microvascular, and/or atherosclerosis mechanisms suggest symptom, ischaemia, and coronary vascular functional improvement, however, randomized, controlled outcome trials testing treatment strategies have not been completed. We review evidence regarding CMD pharmacotherapy. Potent statins in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or receptor blockers if intolerant, at maximally tolerated doses appear to improve angina, stress testing, myocardial perfusion, coronary endothelial function, and microvascular function. The Coronary Microvascular Angina trial supports invasive diagnostic testing with stratified therapy as an approach to improve symptoms and quality of life. The WARRIOR trial is testing intense medical therapy of high-intensity statin, maximally tolerated ACE-I plus aspirin on longer-term outcomes to provide evidence for guidelines. Novel treatments and those under development appear promising as the basis for future trial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, 1329 SW 16th Street, PO Box 100288, Gainesville, FL 32610-0288, USA
| | - Hiroki Shimokawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Colin Berry
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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6
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Aerts-Kaya F, Ulum B, Mammadova A, Köse S, Aydin G, Korkusuz P, Uçkan-Çetinkaya D. Neurological Regulation of the Bone Marrow Niche. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1212:127-153. [PMID: 31342461 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic niche is the microenvironment where in the adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are maintained and regulated. This regulation is tightly controlled through direct cell-cell interactions with mesenchymal stromal stem (MSCs) and reticular cells, adipocytes, osteoblasts and endothelial cells, through binding to extracellular matrix molecules and through signaling by cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors. These interactions provide a healthy environment and secure the maintenance of the HSPC pool, their proliferation, differentiation and migration. Recent studies have shown that innervation of the BM and interactions with the peripheral sympathetic neural system are important for maintenance of the hematopoietic niche, through direct interactions with HSCPs or via interactions with other cells of the HSPC microenvironment. Signaling through adrenergic receptors (ARs), opioid receptors (ORs), endocannabinoid receptors (CRs) on HSPCs and MSCs has been shown to play an important role in HSPC homeostasis and mobilization. In addition, a wide range of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, such as Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Substance P (SP) and Tachykinins, as well as neurotrophins and neuropoietic growth factors have been shown to be involved in regulation of the hematopoietic niche. Here, a comprehensive overview is given of their role and interactions with important cells in the hematopoietic niche, including HSPCs and MSCs, and their effect on HSPC maintenance, regulation and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Baris Ulum
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aynura Mammadova
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Köse
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Aydin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan-Çetinkaya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney disease and is a major determinant of disability-adjusted life-years. Despite the importance of hypertension, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which involves the complex interaction of several mechanisms, is still poorly understood. Evidence suggests that interplay between bone marrow, microglia and immune mediators underlies the development of arterial hypertension, in particular through mechanisms involving cytokines and peptides, such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7). Chronic psychological stress also seems to have a role in increasing the risk of hypertension, probably through the activation of neuroimmune pathways. In this Review, we summarize the available data on the possible role of neuroimmune crosstalk in the origin and maintenance of arterial hypertension and discuss the implications of this crosstalk for recovery and rehabilitation after cardiac and cerebral injuries.
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8
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Deng R, Liu Y, He H, Zhang H, Zhao C, Cui Z, Hong Y, Li X, Lin F, Yuan D, Liang X, Zhang Y. Haemin pre-treatment augments the cardiac protection of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and improving survival. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:431-440. [PMID: 31660694 PMCID: PMC6933414 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac protection of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation for myocardial infarction (MI) is largely hampered by low cell survival. Haem oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) plays a critical role in regulation of cell survival under many stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether pre‐treatment with haemin, a potent HO‐1 inducer, would promote the survival of MSCs under serum deprivation and hypoxia (SD/H) and enhance the cardioprotective effects of MSCs in MI. Bone marrow (BM)‐MSCs were pretreated with or without haemin and then exposed to SD/H. The mitochondrial morphology of MSCs was determined by MitoTracker staining. BM‐MSCs and haemin‐pretreated BM‐MSCs were transplanted into the peri‐infarct region in MI mice. SD/H induced mitochondrial fragmentation, as shown by increased mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of BM‐MSCs. Pre‐treatment with haemin greatly inhibited SD/H‐induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis of BM‐MSCs. These effects were partially abrogated by knocking down HO‐1. At 4 weeks after transplantation, compared with BM‐MSCs, haemin‐pretreated BM‐MSCs had greatly improved the heart function of mice with MI. These cardioprotective effects were associated with increased cell survival, decreased cardiomyocytes apoptosis and enhanced angiogenesis. Collectively, our study identifies haemin as a regulator of MSC survival and suggests a novel strategy for improving MSC‐based therapy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yaming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Haiwei He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chenling Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yimei Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongsheng Yuan
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Clinical Translational Medical Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Wang J, Liu M, Wu Q, Li Q, Gao L, Jiang Y, Deng B, Huang W, Bi W, Chen Z, Chin YE, Paul C, Wang Y, Yang HT. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitors Repair Infarcted Hearts Through Modulation of Macrophages via Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:369-386. [PMID: 30854870 PMCID: PMC6602123 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Human embryonic stem cell derived-cardiovascular progenitor cells (hESC-CVPCs) are a promising cell source for cardiac repair, while the underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated. We recently observed cardioprotective effects of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-CVPCs in infarcted nonhuman primates, but their effects on inflammation during early phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and the contribution of such effect to the cardioprotection are unclear. Results: Injection of hESC-CVPCs into acutely infarcted myocardium significantly ameliorated the functional worsening and scar formation, concomitantly with reduced inflammatory reactions and cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as increased vascularization. Moreover, hESC-CVPCs modulated cardiac macrophages toward a reparative phenotype in the infarcted hearts, and such modulation was further confirmed in vitro using human cardiovascular progenitor cell (hCVPC)-conditioned medium (hCVPC-CdM) and highly contained interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) was activated in hCVPC-CdM- and IL-4/IL-13-treated macrophages in vitro and in hESC-CVPC-implanted MI hearts, resulting in the polarization of macrophages toward a reparative phenotype in the post-MI hearts. However, hESC-CVPC-mediated modulation on macrophages and cardioprotection were abolished in STAT6-deficient MI mice. Innovation: This is the first report about the immunoregulatory role played by hESC-CVPCs in the macrophage polarization in the infarcted hearts, its importance for the infarct repair, and the underlying signaling pathway. The findings provide new insight into the mechanism of microenvironmental regulation of stem cell-based therapy during acute MI. Conclusions: Implantion of hESC-CVPCs during the early phase of MI promotes infarct repair via the modulation of macrophage polarization through secreted cytokine-mediated STAT6 activation. The findings suggest a therapeutic potential by modulating macrophage polarization during acute phase of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Wang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilan Liu
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Boxiong Deng
- 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Tumor and Stem Cell, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wei Bi
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Tumor and Stem Cell, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Paul
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yigang Wang
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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10
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Waheed N, Mahmoud A, Rambarat CA, Pepine CJ. Advances in small-molecule therapy for managing angina pectoris in the elderly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1471-1481. [PMID: 31107109 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1615881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: As our population ages, the prevalence of angina is growing, leading to increased morbidity and decreased quality of life. The management of angina in the elderly is challenging due to drug intolerance and/or drug resistance as well as frailty. Over the past decades, many new therapeutic small molecules have been investigated for the management of angina. Although none of these studies have specifically focused on the therapies for the elderly, they offer promising new avenues for the treatment of angina in the elderly. Areas covered: Herein, the authors provide a review of the recently published literature on the use of small-molecule therapies for angina management in the elderly and provide a brief overview of these therapies. Expert opinion: A variety of therapeutic classes of existing and newer small molecules are emerging for the management of angina in the elderly. An individualized approach to the management of angina in this growing population is critical for good outcomes. Many small molecules are in their initial stages of clinical use, and further research should be conducted on their utility, especially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Waheed
- Resident Physician, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Ahmad Mahmoud
- Resident Physician, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Cecil A Rambarat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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11
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Enhancement of the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2022-2034. [PMID: 30551458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases refer to a wide range of diseases caused by reduced blood flow and a subsequently deficient oxygen and nutrient supply. The pathogenesis of ischemia is multifaceted and primarily involves inflammation, oxidative stress and an apoptotic response. Over the last decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely studied as potential cell therapy agents for ischemic diseases due to their multiple favourable functions. However, the low homing and survival rates of transplanted cells have been concerns limiting for their clinical application. Recently, increasing studies have attempted to enhance the efficacy of MSCs by various strategies including genetic modification, pretreatment, combined application and biomaterial application. The purpose of this review is to summarize these creative strategies and the progress in basic and preclinical studies.
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Lee J, Song M, Kim J, Park Y. Comparison of Angiogenic Activities of Three Neuropeptides, Substance P, Secretoneurin, and Neuropeptide Y Using Myocardial Infarction. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:493-502. [PMID: 30603572 PMCID: PMC6171647 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between neurogenesis and angiogenesis is crucial during the development mediated by neuro-angiogenic morphogens. In particular, the angiogenic activity of neuropeptides and their role in tissue regeneration have long been investigated for better understanding of their biological mechanisms and further applications. However, there have been few studies for direct comparison of angiogenic activities of neuropeptides for in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, we report that direct comparison of the angiogenic activities of neuropeptide Y, secretoneurin, and substance P (SP) immobilized on hydrogels in in vitro and in vivo experiments. METHODS A hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel is prepared by utilizing acrylated hyaluronic acid and thiolated peptides as a crosslinker and angiogenic factors, respectively. Angiogenic activities of three neuropeptides are evaluated not only by in vitro angiogenic and gene expression assays, but also by an in vivo chronic myocardial infarction model. RESULTS The comparison of in vitro angiogenic activities of three peptides demonstrates that the SP-immobilized hydrogel shows a higher degree of cell network formation and angiogenic-specific genes than those of the other peptides and the control case. In addition, a three-dimensional angiogenic assay illustrates that more sprouting is observable in the SP group. Evaluation of regenerative activity in the chronic myocardial infarction model reveals that all three peptide-immobilized hydrogels induce increased cardiac function as well as structural regeneration. Among all the cases, the SP group provided the highest regenerative activity both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION In our comparison study, the SP-immobilized hydrogel shows the highest angiogenic activity and tissue regeneration among the test groups. This result suggests that nerve regeneration factors help angiogenesis in damaged tissues, which also highlights the importance of the neuro-angiogenic peptides as an element of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjin Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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Ma R, Liang J, Huang W, Guo L, Cai W, Wang L, Paul C, Yang HT, Kim HW, Wang Y. Electrical Stimulation Enhances Cardiac Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:371-384. [PMID: 27903111 PMCID: PMC5770128 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Electrical stimulation (EleS) can promote cardiac differentiation, but the underlying mechanism is not well known. This study investigated the effect of EleS on cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and evaluated the therapeutic effects for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS Cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs was induced with EleS after embryoid body formation. Spontaneously beating hiPSCs were observed as early at 2 days when treated with EleS compared with control treatment. The cardiac differentiation efficiency of hiPSCs was significantly enhanced by EleS. In addition, the functional maturation of hiPSC-CMs under EleS was confirmed by calcium indicators, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and expression of structural genes. Mechanistically, EleS mediated cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs through activation of Ca2+/PKC/ERK pathways, as revealed by RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. After transplantation in immunodeficient MI mice, EleS-preconditioned hiPSC-derived cells significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated expansion of infarct size. The preconditioned hiPSC-derived CMs were functionally integrated with the host heart. INNOVATION We show EleS as an efficacious time-saving approach for CM generation. The global RNA profiling shows that EleS can accelerate cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs through activation of multiple pathways. The cardiac-mimetic electrical signals will provide a novel approach to generate functional CMs and facilitate cardiac tissue engineering for successful heart regeneration. CONCLUSION EleS can enhance efficiency of cardiac differentiation in hiPSCs and promote CM maturation. The EleS-preconditioned CMs emerge as a promising approach for clinical application in MI treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 371-384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Ma
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jialiang Liang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wei Huang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Linlin Guo
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christian Paul
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- 2 Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) , Shanghai, China
| | - Ha Won Kim
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yigang Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
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Neuropeptides, Inflammation, and Diabetic Wound Healing: Lessons from Experimental Models and Human Subjects. CONTEMPORARY DIABETES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89869-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Stem Cells and Their Potential Applications in Disease Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6823917. [PMID: 29109742 PMCID: PMC5646323 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6823917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. It takes part in regulating various biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that NPY exerts multiple regulatory effects on stem cells. As a kind of primitive and undifferentiated cells, stem cells have the therapeutic potential to replace damaged cells, secret paracrine molecules, promote angiogenesis, and modulate immunity. Stem cell-based therapy has been demonstrated effective and considered as one of the most promising treatments for specific diseases. However, several limitations still hamper its application, such as poor survival and low differentiation and integration rates of transplanted stem cells. The regulatory effects of NPY on stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may be helpful to overcome these limitations and facilitate the application of stem cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the regulatory effects of NPY on stem cells and discussed their potential applications in disease therapy.
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16
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Eshun D, Saraf R, Bae S, Jeganathan J, Mahmood F, Dilmen S, Ke Q, Lee D, Kang PM, Matyal R. Neuropeptide Y 3-36 incorporated into PVAX nanoparticle improves functional blood flow in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1388-1397. [PMID: 28302707 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00467.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated a novel nanoparticle called PVAX, which has intrinsic antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This nanoparticle was loaded with neuropeptide Y3-36 (NPY3-36), an angiogenic neurohormone that plays a central role in angiogenesis. Subsequently, we investigated whether PVAX-NPY3-36 could act as a therapeutic agent and induce angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. Adult C57BL/J6 mice (n = 40) were assigned to treatment groups: control, ischemia PBS, ischemia PVAX, ischemia NPY3-36, and Ischemia PVAX-NPY3-36 Ischemia was induced by ligation of the femoral artery in all groups except control and given relevant treatments (PBS, PVAX, NPY3-36, and PVAX-NPY3-36). Blood flow was quantified using laser Doppler imaging. On days 3 and 14 posttreatment, mice were euthanized to harvest gastrocnemius muscle for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Blood flow was significantly improved in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group after 14 days. Western blot showed an increase in angiogenic factors VEGF-R2 and PDGF-β (P = 0.0035 and P = 0.031, respectively) and antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group compared with ischemia PBS group (P = 0.023). Proapoptotic marker Smad5 was significantly decreased in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group as compared with the ischemia PBS group (P = 0.028). Furthermore, Y2 receptors were visualized in endothelial cells of newly formed arteries in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group. In conclusion, we were able to show that PVAX-NPY3-36 can induce angiogenesis and arteriogenesis as well as improve functional blood flow in a murine model of hind limb ischemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research project proposes a novel method for drug delivery. Our patented PVAX nanoparticle can detect areas of ischemia and oxidative stress. Although there have been studies about delivering angiogenic molecules to areas of ischemic injury, there are drawbacks of nonspecific delivery as well as short half-lives. Our study is unique because it can specifically deliver NPY3-36 to ischemic tissue and appears to extend the amount of time therapy is available, despite NPY3-36's short half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Eshun
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rabya Saraf
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jelliffe Jeganathan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Serkan Dilmen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingen Ke
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Polymer⋅Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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17
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Karpov AA, Udalova DV, Pliss MG, Galagudza MM. Can the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction be improved? Providing weapons and armour to cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27878916 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation after myocardial infarction (MI) has been found to have infarct-limiting effects in numerous experimental and clinical studies. However, recent meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials on MSC-based MI therapy have highlighted the need for improving its efficacy. There are two principal approaches for increasing therapeutic effect of MSCs: (i) preventing massive MSC death in ischaemic tissue and (ii) increasing production of cardioreparative growth factors and cytokines with transplanted MSCs. In this review, we aim to integrate our current understanding of genetic approaches that are used for modification of MSCs to enable their improved survival, engraftment, integration, proliferation and differentiation in the ischaemic heart. Genetic modification of MSCs resulting in increased secretion of paracrine factors has also been discussed. In addition, data on MSC preconditioning with physical, chemical and pharmacological factors prior to transplantation are summarized. MSC seeding on three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds facilitates formation of both intercellular connections and contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby enhancing cell viability and function. Use of genetic and non-genetic approaches to modify MSC function holds great promise for regenerative therapy of myocardial ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Karpov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Pathophysiology, First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria V Udalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael G Pliss
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael M Galagudza
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia.,ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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19
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Singh A, Singh A, Sen D. Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010-2015). Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27259550 PMCID: PMC4893234 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India. .,Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Park MH, Lee JK, Kim N, Min WK, Lee JE, Kim KT, Akiyama H, Herzog H, Schuchman EH, Jin HK, Bae JS. Neuropeptide Y Induces Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Mobilization by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity Through Y1 Receptor in Osteoblasts. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2145-56. [PMID: 27090492 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization is an essential homeostatic process regulated by the interaction of cellular and molecular components in bone marrow niches. It has been shown by others that neurotransmitters released from the sympathetic nervous system regulate HSPC egress from bone marrow to peripheral blood. In this study, we investigate the functional role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on this process. NPY deficient mice had significantly impaired HSPC mobilization due to increased expression of HSPC maintenance factors by reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in bone marrow. Pharmacological or endogenous elevation of NPY led to decrease of HSPC maintenance factors expression by activating MMP-9 in osteoblasts, resulting in HSPC mobilization. Mice in which the Y1 receptor was deleted in osteoblasts did not exhibit HSPC mobilization by NPY. Furthermore, NPY treatment in ovariectomized mice caused reduction of bone loss due to HSPC mobilization. These results suggest a new role of NPY on HSPC mobilization, as well as the potential therapeutic application of this neuropeptide for stem cell-based therapy. Stem Cells 2016;34:2145-2156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Park
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Namoh Kim
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo-Kie Min
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Research Program, Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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21
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Chemokines and Heart Disease: A Network Connecting Cardiovascular Biology to Immune and Autonomic Nervous Systems. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5902947. [PMID: 27242392 PMCID: PMC4868905 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5902947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the chemokines discovered to date, nineteen are presently considered to be relevant in heart disease and are involved in all stages of cardiovascular response to injury. Chemokines are interesting as biomarkers to predict risk of cardiovascular events in apparently healthy people and as possible therapeutic targets. Moreover, they could have a role as mediators of crosstalk between immune and cardiovascular system, since they seem to act as a “working-network” in deep linkage with the autonomic nervous system. In this paper we will describe the single chemokines more involved in heart diseases; then we will present a comprehensive perspective of them as a complex network connecting the cardiovascular system to both the immune and the autonomic nervous systems. Finally, some recent evidences indicating chemokines as a possible new tool to predict cardiovascular risk will be described.
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22
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Saraf R, Mahmood F, Amir R, Matyal R. Neuropeptide Y is an angiogenic factor in cardiovascular regeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:64-70. [PMID: 26875634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic cardiomyopathy, there is altered angiogenic signaling and increased oxidative stress. As a result, anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways are activated. These disrupt cellular metabolism and cause fibrosis and apoptosis, leading to pathological remodeling. The autonomic nervous system and neurotransmitters play an important role in angiogenesis. Therapies that promote angiogenesis may be able to relieve the pathology in these disease states. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundantly produced and expressed neuropeptide in the central and peripheral nervous systems in mammals and plays an important role in promoting angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling. It produces effects through G-protein-coupled Y receptors that are widely distributed and also present on the myocardium. Some of these receptors are also involved in diseased states of the heart. NPY has been implicated as a potent growth factor, causing cell proliferation in multiple systems while the NPY3-36 fragment is selective in stimulating angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte remodeling. Current research is focusing on developing a drug delivery mechanism for NPY to prolong therapy without having significant systemic consequences. This could be a promising innovation in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabya Saraf
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rabia Amir
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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23
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Leibacher J, Henschler R. Biodistribution, migration and homing of systemically applied mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:7. [PMID: 26753925 PMCID: PMC4709937 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as an intravenously applied cellular therapeutic. They were found to be potent in situations such as tissue repair or severe inflammation. Still, data are lacking with regard to the biodistribution of MSCs, their cellular or molecular target structures, and the mechanisms by which MSCs reach these targets. This review discusses current hypotheses for how MSCs can reach tissue sites. Both preclinical and clinical studies using MSCs applied intravenously or intra-arterially are discussed in the context of our current understanding of how MSCs might work in physiological and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leibacher
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Blood Donor Center Zürich, Swiss Red Cross, Zürich, Switzerland.
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24
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Wen Z, Huang W, Feng Y, Cai W, Wang Y, Wang X, Liang J, Wani M, Chen J, Zhu P, Chen JM, Millard RW, Fan GC, Wang Y. MicroRNA-377 regulates mesenchymal stem cell-induced angiogenesis in ischemic hearts by targeting VEGF. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104666. [PMID: 25251394 PMCID: PMC4174502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been appreciated in various cellular functions, including the regulation of angiogenesis. Mesenchymal-stem-cells (MSCs) transplanted to the MI heart improve cardiac function through paracrine-mediated angiogenesis. However, whether microRNAs regulate MSC induced angiogenesis remains to be clarified. Using microRNA microarray analysis, we identified a microRNA expression profile in hypoxia-treated MSCs and observed that among all dysregulated microRNAs, microRNA-377 was decreased the most significantly. We also validated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a target of microRNA-377 using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western-blotting. Knockdown of endogenous microRNA-377 promoted tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We then engineered rat MSCs with lentiviral vectors to either overexpress microRNA-377 (MSC miR-377) or knockdown microRNA-377 (MSC Anti-377) to investigate whether microRNA-377 regulated MSC-induced myocardial angiogenesis, using MSCs infected with lentiviral empty vector to serve as controls (MSC Null). Four weeks after implantation of the microRNA-engineered MSCs into the infarcted rat hearts, the vessel density was significantly increased in MSC Anti-377-hearts, and this was accompanied by reduced fibrosis and improved myocardial function as compared to controls. Adverse effects were observed in MSC miR-377-treated hearts, including reduced vessel density, impaired myocardial function, and increased fibrosis in comparison with MSC Null-group. These findings indicate that hypoxia-responsive microRNA-377 directly targets VEGF in MSCs, and knockdown of endogenous microRNA-377 promotes MSC-induced angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium. Thus, microRNA-377 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for stem cell-based treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang University Medical School, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mashhood Wani
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pin Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronald W. Millard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gao Q, Hu X, Jiang X, Guo M, Ji H, Wang Y, Fan Y. Cardiomyocyte-like cells differentiation from non β-catenin expression mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:575-84. [PMID: 24723056 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that block wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is integrant for cardiomyocytes differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). By transducing the MSCs with lentivirus which contain β-catenin interference RNA, we screened out the non β-catenin expression clone. In the establishment of knockdown β-catenin in MSCs, we investigated the role of 5-azacytidine (5-aza), salvianolic acid B (salB), and cardiomyocytes lysis medium (CLM) in inducing MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells. A method for culturing MSCs and cardiomyocytes was established. Purified MSCs were investigated by flow cytometry. The MSCs were positive for CD90 and CD29, but negative for CD34 and CD45. Meanwhile, the cardiomyocytes contracted spontaneously after 24 h of seeding into the plates. The fourth-passage non-β-catenin expression MSCs were divided into eight groups: control group, 5-aza, salB, CLM, 5-aza + salB, 5-aza + CLM, salB + CLM, and 5-aza + salB + CLM. The gene and protein expression of cTnT, α-actin, β-myosin, β-catenin, and GSK-3β were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Our results showed that cTnT expression in 5-aza + salB + CLM group was ninefold higher than in the control group in the non-β-catenin MSCs model, implying that cardiomyocytes differentiation from MSCs is an extremely complicated process and it is necessary to consider the internal and external environmental conditions, such as suitable pharmaceutical inducers, cardiomyocytes microenvironments, inhibition of the negative signaling pathway and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,
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Richardson JD, Nelson AJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Psaltis PJ. Optimization of the cardiovascular therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-taking the next step. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:281-302. [PMID: 22529015 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite current treatment options, cardiac failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality highlighting a compelling clinical need for novel therapeutic approaches. Based on promising pre-clinical data, stem cell therapy has been suggested as a possible therapeutic strategy. Of the candidate cell types evaluated, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been widely evaluated due to their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion, potential allogeneic utility and capacity to promote neo-angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac repair. However, the clinical application of MSCs for mainstream cardiovascular use is currently hindered by several important limitations, including suboptimal retention and engraftment and restricted capacity for bona fide cardiomyocyte regeneration. Consequently, this has prompted intense efforts to advance the therapeutic properties of MSCs for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we consider the scope of benefit from traditional plastic adherence-isolated MSCs and the lessons learned from their conventional use in preclinical and clinical studies. Focus is then given to the evolving strategies aimed at optimizing MSC therapy, including discussion of cell-targeted techniques that encompass the preparation, pre-conditioning and manipulation of these cells ex vivo, methods to improve their delivery to the heart and innovative substrate-directed strategies to support their interaction with the host myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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27
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Vidane AS, Zomer HD, Oliveira BMM, Guimarães CF, Fernandes CB, Perecin F, Silva LA, Miglino MA, Meirelles FV, Ambrósio CE. Reproductive stem cell differentiation: extracellular matrix, tissue microenvironment, and growth factors direct the mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1137-43. [PMID: 23420825 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113477484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have awakened interest in regenerative medicine due to its high capability to proliferate and differentiate in multiple specialized lineages under defined conditions. The reproductive system is considered a valuable source of MSCs, which needs further investigations. Many factors have been reported as critical for these cell lineage specification and determination. In this review, we discuss the main effects of extracellular matrix or tissue environment and growth factors in the cell lineage commitment, including the reproductive stem cells. The MSCs responses to culture medium stimuli or to soluble factors probably occur through several intracellular activation pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms in which the cells respond to these mechanical or chemical perturbations remain elusive. Recent findings suggest a synergic effect of microenvironment and soluble cell culture factors affecting cell differentiation. For future applications in cell therapy, protocols of reproductive MSCs differentiation must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanásio S Vidane
- Sector of Animal Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wagner B, Henschler R. Fate of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells and significance for clinical application. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 130:19-37. [PMID: 23334265 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have initially been characterized as a fibroblastlike cell population that can be expanded readily in vitro, and is able to support hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. By serendipity it was discovered that MSCs can also be administered into the bloodstream. This mode of application formed a major breakthrough in the clinical use of MSCs, because MSC transplantation was found to cure severe immune hyperactivation states such as graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, or bacterial sepsis. However, MSCs were found difficult to trace and consensus to date is lacking in the scientific community as to where transplanted MSCs end up in the body and which major principles are responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSCs. This chapter gives an overview of the current knowledge on interactions of freshly transplanted MSCs with the cells in the blood stream and the vessel wall, with major organs such as lung, liver, gut, and spleen, and discusses the limitations of the methodologies used to trace transplanted MSCs. The findings will be put into perspective on how therapeutically applied, culture-expanded MSCs may exert beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Wagner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81433, Munich, Germany
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Matheeussen V, Jungraithmayr W, De Meester I. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 as a therapeutic target in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:267-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Liang J, Huang W, Yu X, Ashraf A, Wary KK, Xu M, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Suicide gene reveals the myocardial neovascularization role of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing CXCR4 (MSC(CXCR4)). PLoS One 2012; 7:e46158. [PMID: 23029422 PMCID: PMC3460871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies indicated that MSCCXCR4 improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). This study was aimed to investigate the specific role of MSCCXCR4 in neovascularization of infarcted myocardium using a suicide gene approach. Methods MSCs were transduced with either lentivirus-null vector/GFP (MSCNull as control) or vector encoding for overexpressing CXCR4/GFP. The MSC derived-endothelial cell (EC) differentiation was assessed by a tube formation assay, Dil-ac-LDL uptake, EC marker expression, and VE-cadherin promoter activity assay. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR or Western blot. The suicide gene approach was under the control of VE-cadherin promoter. In vivo studies: Cell patches containing MSCNull or MSCCXCR4 were transduced with suicide gene and implanted into the myocardium of MI rat. Rats received either ganciclovir (GCV) or vehicle after cell implantation. After one month, the cardiac functional changes and neovascularization were assessed by echocardiography, histological analysis, and micro-CT imaging. Results The expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α was significantly higher in MSCCXCR4 as compared to MSCNull under hypoxia. Additionally, MSCCXCR4 enhanced new vessel formation and EC differentiation, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation under hypoxia. STAT3 participated in the transcription of VE-cadherin in MSCCXCR4 under hypoxia, which was inhibited by WP1066 (a STAT3 inhibitor). In addition, GCV specifically induced death of ECs with suicide gene activation. In vivo studies: MSCCXCR4 implantation promoted cardiac functional restoration, reduced infarct size, improved cardiac remodeling, and enhanced neovascularization in ischemic heart tissue. New vessels derived from MSCCXCR4 were observed at the injured heart margins and communicated with native coronary arteries. However, the derived vessel networks were reduced by GCV, reversing improvement of cardiac function. Conclusion The transplanted MSCCXCR4 enhanced neovascularization after MI by boosting release of angiogenic factors and increasing the potential of endothelial differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Genetic Vectors
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Neuropeptide Y improves myocardial perfusion and function in a swine model of hypercholesterolemia and chronic myocardial ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:891-8. [PMID: 22982235 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologically induced angiogenesis could be a promising option in clinical situations with diffuse inoperable coronary artery disease e.g. metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. The failure of focused cytokine, stem cell and gene therapies to achieve both perfusion and functional improvement in clinical trials suggests a more centralized control mechanism. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is one such natural neurotransmitter that is known to exert a multifaceted role during neo-angiogenesis and can possibly act as the central control. To date, the ability to harness the 'master switch' nature of NPY in a specific experimental model of metabolic syndrome and chronic myocardial ischemia has not been conclusively demonstrated. We hypothesized that infiltration of NPY into an area of chronic ischemia in a metabolic syndrome swine model would induce angiogenesis and improve myocardial perfusion and function. An osmotic pump was inserted three weeks after surgical induction of focal myocardial ischemia. We delivered either NPY or placebo for five weeks, after which the myocardial tissue was harvested for analysis. Assessments of myocardial perfusion and function were performed at each stage of the experiment. Local infiltration of NPY significantly improved collateral vessel formation, blood flow and myocardial function. We believe activation of NPY receptors may be a potential target therapy for patients with diffuse coronary artery disease.
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32
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Hao L, Sun H, Wang J, Wang T, Wang M, Zou Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells for cell therapy: besides supporting hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:34-46. [PMID: 22183780 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians due to their self-renewal, capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. Some essential problems remain to be solved before the clinical application of MSC. Platelet lysate (PL) has recently been used as a substitute for FBS in MSC amplification in vitro to achieve clinically applicable numbers of MSC. In addition to promising trials in regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of major bone defects and myocardial infarction, MSC have shown therapeutic effect other than direct hematopoiesis support in hematopoietic reconstruction. It has been confirmed that MSC promote hematopoietic cell engraftment and immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, probably through the provision of cytokines, matrix proteins, and cell-to-cell contacts. Their suppressive effects on immune cells, including T cells, B cells, NK cells and DC cells, suggest MSCs as a novel therapy for GVHD and other autoimmune disorders. These cells thus present as promising candidates for cellular therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, No. 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing 400020, China
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Feng Y, Yu XY, Wang Y. Recent concepts for the roles of progenitor/stem cell niche in heart repair. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2011; 2:75-83. [PMID: 22254217 PMCID: PMC3257154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor/stem cell (PSC) has shown great promise for generation in failing heart. Advances in PSC biology have greatly enhanced our understanding of how PSC self-renewal, migration, maintenance of stemness, and cell-fate commitment depend on the balance of complex signals in their microenvironment. Endogenous PSC exists within structural and functional units known as PSC niches, which play important roles in directing PSC behavior. Recent years have witnessed great progress in our understanding of the PSC niche in cardiovascular biology. PSC based therapy could lead to successful cardiac regeneration or repair. Realizing the potential of therapeutic strategies is based on 1) differentiation of the PSC into all of the cellular constituents of the heart; 2) release of paracrine/ autocrine factors from the PSC; 3) fusion of the PSC with the existing constituents of the heart; and 4) stimulation of endogenous repair (regeneration of PSC niches). Importantly, cardiac PSC niches contain supporting cells and these cell-cell interactions have crucial regulatory roles in PSC based therapy. These findings have important implications for heart development, bioengineering, and furthermore elucidate a broader dimension of PSC control within the niche toward cardiomyocyte phenotype.
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Igura K, Haider HK, Ahmed RPH, Sheriff S, Ashraf M. Neuropeptide y and neuropeptide y y5 receptor interaction restores impaired growth potential of aging bone marrow stromal cells. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:393-403. [PMID: 21595512 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract improved growth characteristics of the aging bone marrow cells subsequent to neuropeptide Y (NPY)/neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor (NPY Y5R) ligand-receptor interaction. Bone marrow cells were isolated from neonatal (2-3 weeks), young (8-12 weeks), and old (24-28 months) rats on the basis of their preferential adherence to plastic surface. After culturing the cells at initial seeding density of 1×10(4) cells/cm(2), we found that the proliferation potential of bone marrow cells declined with age. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting showed that bone marrow cells in different age groups constitutively expressed NPY and NPY receptor subtypes (Y1R, Y2R, and Y5R). However, NPY and Y5R expression increased by more than 130-fold and decreased by 28-fold, respectively, in old bone marrow cells as compared to young bone marrow cells. NPY (10 nM) stimulated the proliferation of all bone marrow cells age groups, and their proliferation was blocked by Y5R antagonist. However, the pro-proliferative effect of NPY on old bone marrow cells was weaker than other cell groups due to lower Y5R expression. Y5R gene transfection of old bone marrow cells with subsequent NPY(3-36) (10 nM) treatment significantly increased proliferation of old bone marrow cells (>56%) as compared to green fluorescence protein-transfected control old bone marrow cells. Stimulation of old bone marrow cells by NPY treatment rejuvenated the growth characteristics of aging bone marrow cells as a result of Y5R overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Igura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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In vivo therapy of myocardial infarction with mesenchymal stem cells modified with prostaglandin I synthase gene improves cardiac performance in mice. Life Sci 2011; 88:455-64. [PMID: 21219910 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intra-myocardial injection of adult bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSC) has recently been proposed as a therapy to repair damaged cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). PGI(2) has vasodilatation effects; however, the effects of combining both MSC and PGI(2) therapy on AMI have never been evaluated. MAIN METHODS We genetically enhanced prostaglandin I synthase (PGIS) gene expression in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using lentiviral vector transduction (MSC(PGIS)). Mice were subjected to an AMI model and injected (intra-myocardially) with either 5×10(4) MSCs or MSC(PGIS) before surgery. Fourteen days post AMI, mice were analyzed with echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, and apoptotic, and traditional tissue assays. KEY FINDINGS Lenti-PGIS transduction did not change any characteristic of the MSCs. PGIS over-expressed MSCs secreted 6-keto-PGF1α in the culture medium and decreased free radical damage during hypoxia/re-oxygenation and H(2)O(2) treatment. Furthermore, splenocyte proliferation was significantly suppressed with MSC(PGIS) as compared with MSCs alone. Fourteen days post AMI, echocardiography showed more improvement in cardiac function of the MSC(PGIS) group than the MSC alone group, sham-operated group, or artery ligation only group. The histology of MSC(PGIS) treated hearts revealed MSCs in the infarcted region and decreased myocardial fibrosis/apoptosis with limited cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, the level of the vascular endothelial growth factor was elevated in the MSC(PGIS) group as compared to the other three groups. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, our results provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence for the beneficial role of MSC(PGIS) in limiting the process of detrimental cardiac remodeling in a mouse AMI model during early stages of the disease.
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Robich MP, Matyal R, Chu LM, Feng J, Xu SH, Laham RJ, Hess PE, Bianchi C, Sellke FW. Effects of neuropeptide Y on collateral development in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:1022-30. [PMID: 20826160 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY), abundant in the myocardial sympathetic nervous system and endothelial cells, in angiogenesis during chronic myocardial ischemia. Adult male Yorkshire swine underwent ameroid constrictor placement on the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. After 3 weeks, an osmotic pump was placed to deliver either placebo (control, n=8) or NPY(3-36) (NPY, n=8) to the collateral dependent region. Five weeks after pump placement, after cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic assessment, the heart was harvested for analysis. NPY treated animals demonstrated increased mean arterial pressures and improved left ventricular function (+dP/dt). Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a significant increase in the blush score in the NPY group (p<0.001). Blood flow to the ischemic myocardium was not different between groups at rest or during ventricular pacing. Immunohistochemical double staining for CD-31 and smooth muscle actin demonstrated an increase in capillary and arteriole formation in NPY treated animals (p=0.02 and p<0.001). Immunoblotting showed a significant upregulation of DPPIV (p=0.009) and NPY receptors 1 (p=0.008), 2 (p=0.02) and 5 (p=0.03) in the NPY treated group. Additionally, there was significant upregulation of VEGF (p=0.04), eNOS (p=0.014), phospho-eNOS (ser1177) (p=0.02), and PDGF (p<0.001) in NPY treated group. The anti-angiogenic factors endostatin and angiostatin were significantly decreased in NPY treated animals (endostatin, p=0.03; angiostatin, p=0.04). Exogenous NPY(3-36) resulted in improved myocardial function and increased angiogenesis and arteriogenesis by stimulating growth factor, pro-angiogenic receptor upregulation, and decreasing anti-angiogenic expression, but did not increase blood flow to the ischemic myocardium. NPY may act as a good adjunct to primary agents of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Robich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Zhang D, Huang W, Dai B, Zhao T, Ashraf A, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Genetically manipulated progenitor cell sheet with diprotin A improves myocardial function and repair of infarcted hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1339-47. [PMID: 20802132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00592.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We postulated that the combination of overexpression of CXCR4 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with diprotin A would enhance MSC recruitment and penetration into ischemic myocardium, leading to an improvement in heart function after myocardial infarction (MI). Male rat MSC were genetically engineered with adenoviral vectors coexpressing CXCR4 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) (MSC(CXCR4)), GFP alone (MSC(Null), control), or siRNA-targeted CXCR4 (MSC(siRNA)). Cell sheets were applied over the surface of infarcted left ventricle (LV) in female rats 7 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) pretreated with either vehicle (VEH) or diprotin A (DIP). At 28 days after cell sheet implantation, echocardiography was performed. Hearts were harvested for histological analysis 7 days after LAD ligation or 28 days after cell sheet implantation. DPP-IV and stroma-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in the LV were analyzed. Efficacy of engraftment was determined by the presence of Y chromosome in nuclei (Y(ch+)). LV blood vessel density and apoptosis were also analyzed. Myocardial SDF-1α was elevated before placement of the cell sheet in the DIP group compared with vehicle group on day 7 after LAD. On day 28 after cell sheet transplantation, the number of Y(ch+) was increased in the MSC(CXCR4) + VEH group compared with the MSC(Null) + VEH group and further increased in the MSC(CXCR4) + DIP treated group. This enhanced response was associated with increased angiogenesis in both sides of epicardium and improvement of LV function. Combination of gene-manipulated MSC(CXCR4) patch with DIP pretreatment inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis, promotes tissue angiogenesis, and enhances cell engraftment, leading to improved LV mechanical function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0529, USA
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39
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The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: implications for surgical disease. J Surg Res 2010; 167:78-86. [PMID: 20869073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used experimentally and clinically in the treatment of a wide variety of pathologies. It is now clear that a number of different mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic effects exerted by these cells. The ability of MSCs to interact with and modulate the functions of a wide variety of immune cells has been recognized as one such mechanism. The implications that the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs may have for the treatment of solid organ rejection, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, cancer, and Crohn's disease are reviewed herein.
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