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Li J, Cechova S, Wang L, Isakson BE, Le TH, Shi W. Loss of reticulocalbin 2 lowers blood pressure and restrains ANG II-induced hypertension in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1141-F1150. [PMID: 30943068 PMCID: PMC6620588 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00567.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects over 1 billion people worldwide and increases the risk for heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Despite high prevalence and devastating impact, its etiology still remains poorly understood for most hypertensive cases. Rcn2, which encodes reticulocalbin 2, is a candidate gene for atherosclerosis that we have previously reported in mice. Here, we identified Rcn2 as a novel regulator of blood pressure in mice. Rcn2 was abundantly expressed in the endothelium and adventitia of normal arteries and was dramatically upregulated in the medial layer of the artery undergoing structural remodeling. Deletion of Rcn2 lowered basal blood pressure and attenuated ANG II-induced hypertension in C57BL/6 mice. siRNA knockdown of Rcn2 dramatically increased production of the nitric oxide (NO) breakdown products nitrite and nitrate by endothelial cells but not by smooth muscle cells. Isolated carotid arteries from Rcn2-/- mice showed an increased sensitivity to the ACh-induced NO-mediated relaxant response compared with arteries of Rcn2+/+ mice. Analysis of a recent meta-data set showed associations of genetic variants near RCN2 with blood pressure in humans. These data suggest that Rcn2 regulates blood pressure and contributes to hypertension through actions on endothelial NO synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sylvia Cechova
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qingdao University Hospital , Qingdao , China
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thu H Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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2
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Becari C, Silva MAB, Durand MT, Prado CM, Oliveira EB, Ribeiro MS, Salgado HC, Salgado MCO, Tostes RC. Elastase-2, an angiotensin II-generating enzyme, contributes to increased angiotensin II in resistance arteries of mice with myocardial infarction. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1104-1115. [PMID: 28222221 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin II (Ang II), whose generation largely depends on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, mediates most of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) effects. Elastase-2 (ELA-2), a chymotrypsin-serine protease elastase family member 2A, alternatively generates Ang II in rat arteries. Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to intense RAS activation, but mechanisms involved in Ang II-generation in resistance arteries are unknown. We hypothesized that ELA-2 contributes to vascular Ang II generation and cardiac damage in mice subjected to MI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Concentration-effect curves to Ang I and Ang II were performed in mesenteric resistance arteries from male wild type (WT) and ELA-2 knockout (ELA-2KO) mice subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI). KEY RESULTS MI size was similar in WT and ELA-2KO mice. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening after MI similarly decreased in both strains. However, MI decreased stroke volume and cardiac output in WT, but not in ELA-2KO mice. Ang I-induced contractions increased in WT mice subjected to MI (MI-WT) compared with sham-WT mice. No differences were observed in Ang I reactivity between arteries from ELA-2KO and ELA-2KO subjected to MI (MI-ELA-2KO). Ang I contractions increased in arteries from MI-WT versus MI-ELA-2KO mice. Chymostatin attenuated Ang I-induced vascular contractions in WT mice, but did not affect Ang I responses in ELA-2KO arteries. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide the first evidence that ELA-2 contributes to increased Ang II formation in resistance arteries and modulates cardiac function after MI, implicating ELA-2 as a key player in ACE-independent dysregulation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Becari
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marcondes A B Silva
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina T Durand
- Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele M Prado
- Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Oliveira
- Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Ribeiro
- Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rita C Tostes
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Ramesh S, Wilton SB, Holroyd-Leduc JM, Turin TC, Sola DY, Ahmed SB. Testosterone is associated with the cardiovascular autonomic response to a stressor in healthy men. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 37:184-91. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.933966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Ramesh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and
| | - Stephen B. Wilton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and
| | | | - Tanvir C. Turin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,
| | - Darlene Y. Sola
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and
| | - Sofia B. Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and
- Alberta Kidney Disease Network, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Marques Neto SR, Silva ADH, Santos MCPD, Ferraz EF, Nascimento JHM. The blockade of angiotensin AT1 and aldosterone receptors protects rats from synthetic androgen-induced cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:166-71. [PMID: 23279762 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of exercise and antagonists of the angiotensin II and aldosterone receptors on cardiac autonomic regulation and ventricular repolarization in rats chronically treated with nandrolone decanoate (ND), a synthetic androgen. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: sedentary, trained, ND-treated, trained and ND-treated, trained and treated with both ND and spironolactone, and trained and treated with both ND and losartan. ND (10 mg kg(-1) weekly) and the antagonists (20 mg kg(-1) daily) of the angiotensin II AT1 (losartan) and aldosterone (spironolactone) receptors were administered for 8 weeks. Exercise training was performed using a treadmill five times each week for 8 weeks. Following this 8-week training and treatment period, electrocardiogram recordings were obtained to determine the time and frequency domains of heart rate variability (HRV) and corrected QT interval (QTc). RESULTS Nandrolone decanoate treatment increased the QTc interval and reduced the parasympathetic indexes of HRV (RMSSD, pNN5 and high-frequency power) in sedentary and trained rats. The ratio between low- and high-frequency power (LF/HF) was higher in ND-treated groups. Both losartan and spironolactone treatments prevented the effects of ND on the QTc interval and the HRV parameters (RMSSD, pNN5, high-frequency power, and the LF/HF ratio). CONCLUSION Our results show that chronic treatment with a high dose of ND induces cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction and disturbances in ventricular repolarization in both sedentary and exercised rats. Furthermore, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system using losartan, or spironolactone, prevented these deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. da H. Silva
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - M. C. P. dos Santos
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - E. F. Ferraz
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - J. H. M. Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
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Kawada T, Li M, Shimizu S, Kamiya A, Uemura K, Turner MJ, Mizuno M, Sugimachi M. High-frequency dominant depression of peripheral vagal control of heart rate in rats with chronic heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:494-502. [PMID: 23279751 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine whether dynamic characteristics of the peripheral vagal control of heart rate (HR) are altered in chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS The right vagal nerve was electrically stimulated according to a binary white noise signal, and the transfer function from vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) to HR was estimated in the frequency range from 0.01 to 1 Hz in five control rats and five CHF rats under anaesthetized conditions. The rate of VNS was changed among 10, 20 and 40 Hz. RESULTS A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the increase in the VNS rate augmented the ratio of the high-frequency (HF) gain to the steady-state gain in the control group but not in the CHF group. As a result, the dynamic gain of the transfer function in the frequencies near 1 Hz decreased more in the CHF group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Changes in the dynamic characteristics of the peripheral vagal control of HR may contribute to the manifestation of decreased HF components of HR variability observed in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
| | - M. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
| | - S. Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
| | - A. Kamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
| | - K. Uemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
| | - M. J. Turner
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
| | - M. Mizuno
- Department of Health Care Sciences; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas; TX; USA
| | - M. Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Osaka; Japan
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Hoyt RE, Speakman RO, Brown DR, Cassis LA, Silcox DL, Anigbogu CN, Randall DC. Chronic angiotensin-II treatment potentiates HR slowing in Sprague-Dawley rat during acute behavioral stress. Auton Neurosci 2013; 174:42-6. [PMID: 23317537 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of 2-week infusion of angiotensin-II (Ang-II; 175 ng/kg/min) via minipump in rats (n=7) upon the mean arterial blood pressure (mBP) and heart rate (HR) response to an acute stress as compared to rats infused with saline (n=7). The acute stress was produced by a classical aversive conditioning paradigm: a 15s tone (CS+) followed by a half second tail shock. Baseline mBP in Ang-II infused rats (167.7±21.3 mm Hg; mean±SD) significantly exceeded that of controls (127.6±13.5 mm Hg). Conversely, baseline HR in the Ang-II infused rats (348±33) was significantly lower than controls (384±19 bpm). The magnitude of the mBP increase during CS+ did not differ between groups, but the HR slowing during CS+ in the Ang-II infused rats (-13.2±8.9 bpm) was significantly greater than that seen in controls (-4.2±5.5 bpm). This augmented bradycardia may be inferentially attributed to an accentuated increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity during CS+ in the Ang-II infused rats. The mBP increased above baseline immediately post-shock delivery in controls, but fell in the Ang-II infused rats, perhaps because of a 'ceiling effect' in total vascular resistance. This classical conditioning model of 'acute stress' differs from most stress paradigms in rats in yielding a HR slowing concomitant with a pressor response, and this slowing is potentiated by Ang-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Hoyt
- Department of Natural Sciences, Asbury College, Wilmore, KY, USA
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Damasceno DD, Lima MP, Motta DF, Ferreira AJ, Quintão-Junior JF, Drummond LR, Natali AJ, Almeida AP, Pesquero JL. Cardiovascular and electrocardiographic parameters after tonin administration in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 181:30-6. [PMID: 23318501 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms of interaction between tonin-angiotensin and renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) we evaluated, "in vivo" and "in vitro", in Wistar rats, cardiovascular and electrocardiographic parameters after tonin administration. Arterial pressure (AP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded in awake animals before and after tonin administration. Langendorff technique was used to analyze cardiac function in isolated heart in the presence of tonin and video motion edge detection system was used to evaluate the effect of tonin upon contractile function of isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. After tonin infusion rats presented significantly higher diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) as compared with control. The ECG analysis revealed shorter RR interval, increase in the low-frequency (LF) range of the heart rate variability (HRV) power (%) and decrease in the high-frequency (HF) of HRV power (%). Isolated hearts perfused with tonin presented an increase in the arterial coronary pressure (ACP) and decline in the ventricular systolic tension (ST), maximal (dT/dt+) and minimal (dT/dt) contractility. The rates of contraction and relaxation of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were significantly increased due to the presence of tonin. The angiotensin II (Ang II) levels in the coronary sinus effluent increased in the presence of tonin in a dose-dependent manner and the effect of tonin upon ACP was completely blocked by candesartan. Tonin is able to generate the vasoconstrictor peptide Ang II in the isolated heart of the rat and the cardiovascular response induced by tonin was completely blocked by candesartan, an indication that the action of Ang II on Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptors is the major mechanism of the heart effects. Tonin affects cardiomyocyte contractile function which may be due to interference with Ca(2+) handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Damasceno
- Department of Educational Development, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, MG, Brazil.
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Association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein gene polymorphism with increased mortality in septic shock*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1641-8. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318218665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mizuno M, Kawada T, Kamiya A, Miyamoto T, Shimizu S, Shishido T, Smith SA, Sugimachi M. Dynamic characteristics of heart rate control by the autonomic nervous system in rats. Exp Physiol 2010; 95:919-25. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.053090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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