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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Ayari A, Dakhli N, Ben Fayala C, Boubaker S, Sebai H. Amino acid HPLC-FLD analysis of spirulina and its protective mechanism against the combination of obesity and colitis in wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30103. [PMID: 38694088 PMCID: PMC11061748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The cafeteria diet (CD), designed as an experimental diet mimicking the obesogenic diet, may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study delves into the influence of spirulina (SP) on obesity associated with colitis in Wistar rats. Methods The amino acids composition of SP was analyzed using HPLC-FLD. Animals were equally separated into eight groups, each containing seven animals and treated daily for eight weeks as follows: Control diet (SD), cafeteria diet (CD) group, CD + SP (500 mg/kg) and SD + SP. Ulcerative colitis was provoked by rectal injection of acetic acid (AA) (3 % v/v, 5 ml/kg b.w.) on the last day of treatment in the following groups: SD + AA, SD + AA + SP, CD + AA, and CD + AA + SP. Results Findings revealed that UC and/or CD increased the abdominal fat, weights gain, and colons. Moreover, severe colonic alteration, perturbations in the serum metabolic parameters associated with an oxidative stress state in the colonic mucosa, defined by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased levels of plasma scavenging activity (PSA). Additionally, obesity exacerbated the severity of AA-induced UC promoting inflammation marked by the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significantly, treatment with SP provided notable protection against inflammation severity, reduced histopathological alterations, attenuated lipid peroxidation (MDA), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and GPX) along with non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and SH-G). Conclusions Thus, the antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory proprieties of SP could be attributed to its richness in amino acids, which could potentially mitigate inflammation severity in obese subjects suffering from ulcerative colitis. These results imply that SP hold promise as a therapeutic agent for managing of UC, particularly in individuals with concomitant obesity. Understanding SP's mechanisms of action may lead novel treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases and hyperlipidemia in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Ala Ayari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Dakhli
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
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Farzaei MH, Ramezani-Aliakbari F, Ramezani-Aliakbari M, Zarei M, Komaki A, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I. Regulatory effects of trimetazidine in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1633-1646. [PMID: 36971866 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a tissue damage during reperfusion after an ischemic condition. I/R injury is induced by pathological cases including stroke, myocardial infarction, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease, acute kidney injury, trauma, and sleep apnea. It can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the context of these processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of I/R insult, which is induced via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and autophagy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs that play a main regulatory role in gene expression. Recently, there are evidence, which miRNAs are the major modulators of cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial I/R injury. Cardiovascular miRNAs, specifically miR-21, and probably miR-24 and miR-126 have protective effects on myocardial I/R injury. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a new class of metabolic agents with an anti-ischemic activity. It has beneficial effects on chronic stable angina by suppressing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. The present review study addressed the different mechanistic effects of TMZ on cardiac I/R injury. Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were assessed for published studies between 1986 and 2021. TMZ, an antioxidant and metabolic agent, prevents the cardiac reperfusion injury by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), cystathionine-γ-lyase enzyme (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and miR-21. Therefore, TMZ protects the heart against I/R injury by inducing key regulators such as AMPK, CSE/H2S, and miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Fernandes R, Campos J, Serra M, Fidalgo J, Almeida H, Casas A, Toubarro D, Barros AIRNA. Exploring the Benefits of Phycocyanin: From Spirulina Cultivation to Its Widespread Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040592. [PMID: 37111349 PMCID: PMC10144176 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale production of microalgae and their bioactive compounds has steadily increased in response to global demand for natural compounds. Spirulina, in particular, has been used due to its high nutritional value, especially its high protein content. Promising biological functions have been associated with Spirulina extracts, mainly related to its high value added blue pigment, phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in several industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, which increases its market value. Due to the worldwide interest and the need to replace synthetic compounds with natural ones, efforts have been made to optimize large-scale production processes and maintain phycocyanin stability, which is a highly unstable protein. The aim of this review is to update the scientific knowledge on phycocyanin applications and to describe the reported production, extraction, and purification methods, including the main physical and chemical parameters that may affect the purity, recovery, and stability of phycocyanin. By implementing different techniques such as complete cell disruption, extraction at temperatures below 45 °C and a pH of 5.5-6.0, purification through ammonium sulfate, and filtration and chromatography, both the purity and stability of phycocyanin have been significantly improved. Moreover, the use of saccharides, crosslinkers, or natural polymers as preservatives has contributed to the increased market value of phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Joana Campos
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Mónica Serra
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Javier Fidalgo
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Hugo Almeida
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Casas
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Duarte Toubarro
- CBA and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus No 13, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana I R N A Barros
- Mesosystem, Rua da Igreja Velha 295, 4410-160 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Mohan J, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Spirulina platensis Mitigates the Inhibition of Selected miRNAs that Promote Inflammation in HAART-Treated HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 36616248 PMCID: PMC9824462 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS has recently gained popularity. In addition, the significant role of microRNA expression in HIV pathogenesis cannot be overlooked; hence the need to explore the mechanisms of microRNA expression in the presence of HAART and Spirulina platensis (SP) in HepG2 cells. This study investigates the biochemical mechanisms of microRNA expression in HepG2 cells in the presence of HAART, SP, and the potential synergistic effect of HAART−SP. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine cell viability following SP treatment. The cellular redox status was assessed using the quantification of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The fluorometric JC-1 assay was used to determine mitochondrial polarisation. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was also employed for micro-RNA and gene expressions. The results show that MiR-146a (p < 0.0001) and miR-155 (p < 0.0001) levels increased in SP-treated cells. However, only miR-146a (p < 0.0001) in HAART−SP indicated an increase, while miR-155 (p < 0.0001) in HAART−SP treatment indicated a significant decreased expression. Further inflammation analysis revealed that Cox-1 mRNA expression was reduced in SP-treated cells (p = 0.4129). However, Cox-1 expression was significantly increased in HAART−SP-treated cells (p < 0.0001). The investigation revealed that HepG2 cells exposed to HAART−SP treatment showed a significant decrease in Cox-2 (p < 0.0001) expression. mRNA expression also decreased in SP-treated cells (p < 0.0001); therefore, SP potentially controls inflammation by regulating microRNA expressions. Moreover, the positive synergistic effect is indicated by normalised intracellular ROS levels (p < 0.0001) in the HAART−SP treatment. We hereby recommend further investigation on the synergistic roles of SP and HAART in the expression of microRNA with more focus on inflammatory and oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabani Sibiya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Medical Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Bethelsdorp, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
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Blas-Valdivia V, Moran-Dorantes DN, Rojas-Franco P, Franco-Colin M, Mirhosseini N, Davarnejad R, Halajisani A, Tavakoli O, Cano-Europa E. C-Phycocyanin prevents acute myocardial infarction-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac damage. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:755-763. [PMID: 35373708 PMCID: PMC8979534 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2055089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT C-Phycocyanin is a protein with anti-scavenger, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions against agents that cause cellular damage. The cardioprotective action of C-phycocyanin against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been studied in animal models. OBJECTIVE To investigate C-phycocyanin's effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac damage in a model of isoproterenol-induced AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham + vehicle (0.9% saline solution by oral gavage, OG); (2) sham + C-phycocyanin (50 mg/kg/d, OG); (3) AMI + vehicle, and (4) AMI + C-phycocyanin. AMI was induced by administering isoproterenol (20, 10, 5 and 3 mg/kg each dose per day), and serum cardiac enzymes were quantified. After five days, the animals were euthanized; the heart was dissected to determine oxidative stress, redox environment, inflammation and cardiac damage markers. RESULTS We observed that C-phycocyanin reduced AMI-increased cardiac enzymes (CK by about 53%, CKMB by about 60%, AST by about 16% and ALT by about 21%), lipid peroxidation (57%), reactive oxygen species (50%), nitrites (46%), oxidized glutathione (41%), IL1β (3%), INFγ (5%), TNFα 3%), Bcl2 (37%), Bax (43%), COX2 (21%) and caspase 9 (61%). Finally, C-phycocyanin reduced AMI-induced aberrant histological changes related to myonecrosis, interstitial oedema and inflammatory infiltration in the heart muscle. CONCLUSIONS C-Phycocyanin prevents AMI-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and heart damage. This study is the first report that employed C-phycocyanin in an animal model of AMI and supports the potential use of C-phycocyanin in the management of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela Nikita Moran-Dorantes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Placido Rojas-Franco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Franco-Colin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Neda Mirhosseini
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Davarnejad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Ahmad Halajisani
- Biofuel Laboratory, Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Tavakoli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Edgar Cano-Europa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- CONTACT Edgar Cano-Europa ; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Metabolismo l, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon A. The Potential of Spirulina platensis to Ameliorate the Adverse Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153076. [PMID: 35893930 PMCID: PMC9332774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most prevalent diseases globally. It is estimated that 37.7 million people are infected with HIV globally, and 8.2 million persons are infected with the virus in South Africa. The highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) involves combining various types of antiretroviral drugs that are dependent on the infected person’s viral load. HAART helps regulate the viral load and prevents its associated symptoms from progressing into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite its success in prolonging HIV-infected patients’ lifespans, the use of HAART promotes metabolic syndrome (MetS) through an inflammatory pathway, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green microalgae commonly used as a traditional food by Mexican and African people, has been demonstrated to mitigate MetS by regulating oxidative and inflammatory pathways. SP is also a potent antioxidant that has been shown to exhibit immunological, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. This review is aimed at highlighting the biochemical mechanism of SP with a focus on studies linking SP to the inhibition of HIV, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further, we propose SP as a potential supplement for HIV-infected persons on lifelong HAART.
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Vilahur G, Sutelman P, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Radiké M, Schoch L, Casaní L, Borrell-Pagés M, Padro T, Badimon L. Supplementation With Spirulina Reduces Infarct Size and Ameliorates Cardiac Function in a Pig Model of STEMI. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891801. [PMID: 35592428 PMCID: PMC9113432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Spirulina is an algae known to ameliorate cardiometabolic disorders and with proven anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. We investigated, in a highly translatable animal model, whether oral supplementation with spirulina protects against the deleterious effects triggered by ST-elevation MI (STEMI). Methods: Pigs were fed a regular diet supplemented with spirulina (1 g/animal/bid) or placebo-control for 10 days. Thereafter, animals were subjected to 1.5 h percutaneous balloon-induced coronary occlusion (STEMI) followed by 2.5 h reperfusion and then sacrificed. We assessed infarct size and cardiac function. Blood samples and infarcted and remote myocardial tissue were obtained. Results: Spirulina supplementation reduced infarct size by 64%, increased myocardial salvage by 18%, and improved cardiac function by 30% vs. controls (p < 0.05). These benefits were associated with attenuation in DNA-oxidative damage and apoptotic markers and increased iNOS in the infarcted myocardium, higher AMPK activation in the remote myocardium, and lower myocardial MCP-1 expression. Systemically, spirulina attenuated Cox-2 expression in STEMI-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhanced TNF-α release acutely post-STEMI. Additionally, spirulina decreased weight gain progression over time (p < 0.05) without changes in lipids, glucose, liver or kidney parameters. Conclusion: A 10-day supplementation with spirulina exerts cardioprotection in a preclinical setting of STEMI by limiting cardiac damage and improving ventricular contractility through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Sutelman
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monika Radiké
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Borrell-Pagés
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030676. [PMID: 35277035 PMCID: PMC8839264 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is a microscopic, filamentous cyanobacterium that grows in alkaline water bodies. It is extensively utilized as a nutraceutical food supplement all over the world due to its high levels of functional compounds, such as phycocyanins, phenols and polysaccharides, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulating properties both in vivo and in vitro. Several scientific publications have suggested its positive effects in various pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Lately, different studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective role of Spirulina on the development of the neural system, senility and a number of pathological conditions, including neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the role of Spirulina in the brain, highlighting how it exerts its beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, acting on glial cell activation, and in the prevention and/or progression of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Multiple Sclerosis; due to these properties, Spirulina could be considered a potential natural drug.
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Agrawal M, Bansal S, Chopra K. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials of food grade Phycocyanin. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:4382-4390. [PMID: 34538921 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive generation of oxygen free radicals plays a pivotal role in destruction of biological molecules like DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and results in various pathologies including neuronal disorders. Antioxidant molecules from natural products are reported to have ability to mitigate their production or at least halt their progression and metastasis in the system. Different studies have been performed to spot antioxidants from natural sources and attempts have been made to integrate them in conventional therapy. In our present study, food grade Phycocyanin, a nutraceutical isolated from Spirulina platensis, has been evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential using a battery of antioxidant assays viz. DPPH, TAC, FRAP, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, SOD, GSH, and LPO assays. Reducing properties of Phycocyanin were also assessed by FRAC assay. For in vivo evaluation of antioxidant profile, animal model of intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin was employed. Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in cortex and hippocampal parts of brain. Results obtained depicted that Phycocyanin demonstrated a dose-dependent pattern in its efficacy, which indicates the presence of free radical scavenger moieties and possible role as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhunika Agrawal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Chen T, Qiao X, Cheng L, Liu M, Deng Y, Zhuo X. LGR4 silence aggravates ischemic injury by modulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress via ERK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:363-371. [PMID: 33559814 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that LGR4 (leucine-rich repeat domain containing G protein-coupled receptor 4) plays a crucial role in the physiological function of many organs. However, few data are available on the function and mechanism of LGR4 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to explore the function and mechanism of LGR4 in I/R injury. We incubated H9c2 cells in simulating ischemia buffer and then re-incubated them in normal culture medium to establish a model of I/R injury in vitro. The expression of LGR4 was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot. Besides, the cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and the content of ROS, SOD, MDA, LDH, CK, ATP, cyt c were detected by special commercial kits. The expression of mitochondrial function-related proteins were detected by western blot. Then, the roles of ERK signaling pathway was determined with TBHQ (ERK activator) treatment. Our data have demonstrated that I/R boosted the expression of LGR4 in H9c2 cells. Knockdown of LGR4 increased the apoptosis rate of H9c2 cells and led to excessed oxidant stress and impaired mitochondrial function by increasing the levels of ROS, MDA, LDH, CK and cyt c and inhibiting SOD activity, ATP production. In addition, LGR4 silence inhibited the activation of ERK pathway. And TBHQ partially reversed the effects of LGR4 knockdown on H9c2 cells. To conclude, our study indicated that LGR4 regulated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by ERK signaling pathways, which provides a potential cardiac protective target against I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis In Vivo and Vitro and Their Activation Mechanism on RAW246.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110538. [PMID: 33126624 PMCID: PMC7692637 DOI: 10.3390/md18110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP) was obtained by ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) and purified by an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Two different methods were applied to purified Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP), respectively, due to PSP as a complex multi-component system. Three polysaccharide fractions (PSP-1, PSP-2, and PSP-3) with different acidic groups were obtained after PSP was fractionated by the diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-52 cellulose chromatography, and two polysaccharide fractions (PSP-L and PSP-H) with different molecular weight were obtained by ultrafiltration centrifugation. The chemoprotective effects of PSP in cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated mice were investigated. The results showed that PSP could significantly increase spleen and thymus index, peripheral white blood cells (PWBC), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The in vivo immunostimulatory assays demonstrated that PSP could in dose-dependent increase of TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ production in sera. The in vitro immunostimulatory assays showed that PSP and its fractions (PSPs) could evidently enhance the proliferation of splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells and increase the productions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). PSPs could also enhance phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. The acidic polysaccharide fractions of PSP-2, PSP-3, and PSP-L with small molecular weight had the higher immunostimulatory activity. Signaling pathway research results indicated that PSP-L activated RAW264.7 cells through MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathways via TLR4 receptor.
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12
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Abdel-Daim MM, Shaaban Ali M, Madkour FF, Elgendy H. Oral Spirulina Platensis Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Exhibits Antinociceptive Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy Rat Model. J Pain Res 2020; 13:2289-2296. [PMID: 32982392 PMCID: PMC7507773 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s267347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic neuropathy is a common consequence of diabetes. Hyperalgesia is one of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. In response to noxious stimuli, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats show exaggerated hyperalgesic behavior, while Spirulina platensis has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-like effects. To assess the antinociceptive effect of oral Spirulina platensis (SP) powder on formalin-induced nociceptive responses in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods Sixty mature male albino rats were randomly allocated into six equal groups (10 in each group). Group 1 (control non-diabetic group) received 0.9% saline; group 2 was given oral pure SP powder-treated as a non-diabetic control group, group 3 was sodium salicylate-treated rats and used as a positive non-diabetic control group, group 4 managed as vehicle-treated diabetic rats, group 5 considered as SP-treated-diabetic group, and sodium salicylate-treated-diabetic rats used as a diabetic positive control group (group 6). STZ-diabetic rats were orally given SP in a dose of 500 mg kg/day for 1 month. The formalin test was implemented in two phases: the early phase in the first 10-min post-formalin injection, and the late phase was considered in the 15–60 min post-formalin injection time interval. Results Pain scores were increased in the diabetic groups during both phases of the experiment. Blood glucose was significantly reduced in diabetic rats that received oral SP, P < 0.01. Besides, SP-treated rats had lower pain scores during both phases of the experiment than untreated diabetic ones. However, in the sodium salicylate group, the pain score was reduced only during the second phase. An exaggerated nociceptive response occurred in diabetic rats after the formalin test. A significant antinociceptive effect appeared in SP-treated control and diabetic rats. Discussion The findings suggest that oral Spirulina platensis could have a potential therapeutic role for managing induced painful diabetic neuropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Fedekar F Madkour
- Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Hamed Elgendy
- Anesthesia Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt.,Anesthesia Department, HAMAD Medical Corporation & Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar & Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Bannu SM, Lomada D, Gulla S, Chandrasekhar T, Reddanna P, Reddy MC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of C-Phycocyanin. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:967-976. [PMID: 31775595 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191127110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and other disorders such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases and diabetes are the major health problems observed all over the world. Therefore, identifying a therapeutic target molecule for the treatment of these diseases is urgently needed to benefit public health. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is an important light yielding pigment intermittently systematized in the cyanobacterial species along with other algal species. It has numerous applications in the field of biotechnology and drug industry and also possesses antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, enhanced immune function, including liver and kidney protection properties. The molecular mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity could be the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. OBJECTIVES The current review summarizes an update on therapeutic applications of C-PC, its mechanism of action and mainly focuses on the recent development in the field of C-PC as a drug that exhibits beneficial effects against various human diseases including cancer and inflammation. CONCLUSION The data from various studies suggest the therapeutic applications of C-PC such as anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenic activity and healing capacity of certain autoimmune disorders. Mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity is the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. The future perspective of C-PC is to identify and define the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which would shed light on our knowledge on therapeutic applications of C-PC and may contribute significant benefits to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira M Bannu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Dakshayani Lomada
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Surendra Gulla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Thummala Chandrasekhar
- Department of Environmental Science, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 046, India
| | - Madhava C Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
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Shi C, Wu H, Xu K, Cai T, Qin K, Wu L, Cai B. Liquiritigenin-Loaded Submicron Emulsion Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1101-1115. [PMID: 32110010 PMCID: PMC7034974 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s235832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is severely limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Thus, there is a need for prophylactic and treatment strategies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a liquiritigenin-loaded submicron emulsion (Lq-SE) with enhanced oral bioavailability and to explore its efficacy against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods Lq-SE was prepared using high-pressure homogenization and characterized using several analytical techniques. The formulation was optimized by central composite design response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). In vivo pharmacokinetic studies, biochemical analyses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, histopathologic assays, and Western blot analyses were performed. Results Each Lq-SE droplet had a mean particle size of 221.7 ± 5.80 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.106 ± 0.068 and a zeta potential of -28.23 ± 0.42 mV. The area under the curve (AUC) of Lq-SE was 595% higher than that of liquiritigenin (Lq). Lq-SE decreased the release of serum cardiac enzymes and ameliorated histopathological changes in the hearts of DOX-challenged mice. Lq-SE significantly reduced oxidative stress by adjusting the levels of ROS, increasing the activity of antioxidative enzymes and inhibiting the protein expression of NOX4 and NOX2. Furthermore, Lq-SE significantly improved the inflammatory response through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusion Lq-SE could be used as an effective cardioprotective agent against DOX in chemotherapy to enable better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- Nanjing Jiangning District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Cai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing 210061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing 210061, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yoon SJ, Choi JI, Min SK, Shin HS. Evaluation of the Effect of C-phycocyanin on Cultured Rat Primary Hippocampal Astrocytes Undergoing Trophic Factor Deprivation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Moradi-Kor N, Dadkhah M, Ghanbari A, Rashidipour H, Bandegi AR, Barati M, Kokhaei P, Rashidy-Pour A. Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1777-1794. [PMID: 32801713 PMCID: PMC7387863 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s247599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ample evidence indicates that chronic adolescence stress is associated with an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Given the importance of the effective therapeutic ways to overcome adolescent stress-related deficits, the present study investigated the effects of Spirulina platensis (SP), environmental enrichment (EE), and voluntary exercise (EX) and their combination on anxiety or depression-like behaviors, oxidative stress, and alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) induced by adolescent stress in adult female rats. METHODS During the adolescent period (PNDs30-40), rats were subjected to restraint stress. Then, the animals were subjected to SP treatment (200 mg/kg/day), EX, EE, and the combined treatments (SP+EX, and SP+EE) for 15 days between PNDs41-55. Subsequently, anxiety or depression-like behaviors, BDNF levels, oxidative stress markers and mRNA expression of BDNF and 5HT3 in the PFC were assessed. RESULTS Stressed rats demonstrated enhanced anxiety levels and depression-like behaviors in adulthood. Regarding the oxidative stress markers, stressed rats exhibited significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and significantly lower total antioxidant reactivity capacity in the PFC. Additionally, adolescent stress significantly increased 5HT3 receptor mRNA expression and decreased BDNF content and its mRNA expression in the PFC. Treatments with SP, EX, EE, and the combined interventions alleviated these deficits. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that appropriate interventions during the adolescent period can protect against adolescent stress-induced behavioral, and biochemical defects and oxidative stress damage in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasroallah Moradi-Kor
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Rashidipour
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Laboratory of Endocrine Research, Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Ahmed N, Laghari AH, AlBkhoor B, Tabassum S, Meo SA, Muhammad N, Linardi D, Al-Masri AA, Fumagalli G, Luciani GB, Faggian G, Rungatscher A. Fingolimod Plays Role in Attenuation of Myocardial Injury Related to Experimental Model of Cardiac Arrest and Extracorporeal Life Support Resuscitation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246237. [PMID: 31835656 PMCID: PMC6940876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is a major global health concern, and survival of patients with ischemia–reperfusion injury is a leading cause of myocardial dysfunction. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not well understood because of the complex pathophysiological nature of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the cardioprotective role of fingolimod in an in vivo model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Methods: In this study, an in vivo rat model of cardiac arrest using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation monitored by invasive hemodynamic measurement was developed. At the beginning of extracorporeal life support (ECLS), animals were randomly treated with fingolimod (Group A, n = 30) or saline (Group B, n = 30). Half of the animals in each group (Group A1 and B1, n = 15 each) were sacrificed after 1 h, and the remaining animals (Group A2 and B2) after 24 h of reperfusion. Blood and myocardial tissues were collected for analysis of cardiac features, inflammatory biomarkers, and cell signaling pathways. Results: Treatment with fingolimod resulted in activation of survival pathways resulting into reduced inflammation, myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. This led to significant improvement in systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle and improved contractility index. Conclusions: Sphingosine1phosphate receptor activation with fingolimod improved cardiac function after cardiac arrest supported with ECLS. Present study findings strongly support a cardioprotective role of fingolimod through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activation during reperfusion after circulatory arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abid H. Laghari
- Department of Medicine, section of Cardiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | | | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.); (A.A.A.-M.)
| | - Nazeer Muhammad
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Rawalpindi 47040, Pakistan;
| | - Daniele Linardi
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Abeer A. Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.M.); (A.A.A.-M.)
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.L.); (G.B.L.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
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18
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Zhang X, Fan T, Li S, Guan F, Zhang J, Liu H. C-Phycocyanin elicited antitumor efficacy via cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and invasion inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:114-121. [PMID: 31322033 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1638400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Mounting evidence has demonstrated that C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) exhibits marked antitumor activity in a wide type of tumors, such as pancreas cancer, breast carcinoma, lung cancer, and colon cancer. The current study aimed to confirm the antitumor efficacy of C-PC in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: The efficacy of C-PC was evaluated against the proliferation of ESCC cell lines EC9706 and EC1 by CCK-8 kit and in a mice model of ESCC EC9706. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry, and cell invasion was determined via transwell chamber. Protein expression was examined by Western blots. Results: We found that C-PC exhibited anti-proliferation ability in a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner in ESCC EC9706 and EC1 cells. Besides, C-PC markedly arrested cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induced cell apoptosis and suppressed cell invasion ability in both EC9706 and EC1 cells (p < .01). Notably, C-PC evoked the elevations of Bax, PARP, and cleaved-caspase-3 protein, but reduced cyclin D1, CDK4, Bcl-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression levels. Further investigation from in vivo experiment revealed that C-PC displayed significant antitumor efficacy in the xenografted EC9706 model. Conclusions: Our data presented herein suggest C-PC exerts antitumor efficacy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Zhang
- a College of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Tianli Fan
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Shenglei Li
- c Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- a College of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- d Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- a College of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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19
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Ahmed N, Mehmood A, Linardi D, Sadiq S, Tessari M, Meo SA, Rehman R, Hajjar WM, Muhammad N, Iqbal MP, Gilani AUH, Faggian G, Rungatscher A. Cardioprotective Effects of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Immunomodulator FTY720 in a Clinically Relevant Model of Cardioplegic Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31379576 PMCID: PMC6656862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: FTY720, an immunomodulator derived from sphingosine-1-phosphate, has recently demonstrated its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, FTY720 might be a key pharmacological target for preconditioning. In this preclinical model, we have investigated the effects of FTY720 on myocardium during reperfusion in an experimental model of cardioplegic arrest (CPA) and cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: 30 Sprague–Dawley rats (300–350 g) were randomized into two groups: Group-A, treated with FTY720 1 mg/kg via intravenous cannulation, and Group-B, as control. After 15 min of treatment, rats underwent CPA for 30 min followed by initiation of extracorporeal life support for 2 h. Support weaning was done, and blood and myocardial tissues were collected for analysis. Hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory mediators, nitro-oxidative stress, neutrophil infiltration, immunoblotting analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: FTY720 treatment activated the Akt/Erk1/2 signaling pathways, reduced the level of inflammatory mediators, activated antiapoptotic proteins, and inhibited proapoptotic proteins, leading to reduced nitro-oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, significant preservation of high-energy phosphates were observed in the FTY720-treated group. This resulted in improved recovery of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. Conclusion: The cardioprotective mechanism in CPA is associated with activation of prosurvival cell signaling pathways that prevents myocardial damage. FTY720 preserves high-energy phosphates attenuates myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress, and improves cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Adeela Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaqat National Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniele Linardi
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Soban Sadiq
- Pharmacology and Molecular Lab, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maddalena Tessari
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waseem M Hajjar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Muhammad
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Perwaiz Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anwar-Ul-Hassan Gilani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Division, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
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20
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Gao J, Zhao L, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhou D, Qu J, Wang H, Yin M, Hong J, Zhao W. C-Phycocyanin Ameliorates Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Dynamics in Ischemic Cardiomyocyte Damage. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:733. [PMID: 31316386 PMCID: PMC6611522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a predominant risk factor in ischemic heart disease, in which the imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission deteriorates mitochondrial function and might lead to cardiomyocyte death. C-phycocyanin (C-pc), an active component from blue-green algae, such as Spirulina platensis, has been reported to have anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation functions. In this study, the effects of C-pc on mitochondrial dynamics of cardiomyocytes was examined using an oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in H9c2 cells, an in vitro model to study the ischemia in the heart. Cell viability assay showed that C-pc dose-dependently reduced OGD/R-induced cell death. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production induced by OGD/R was decreased in C-pc-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner as well. H9c2 cells subjected to OGD/R showed excessive mitochondrial fission and diminished mitochondrial fusion. C-pc treatment significantly ameliorated unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics induced by OGD/R and regulated mitochondrial remodeling through inhibiting mitochondrial fission while promoting fusion. The enhanced expressions of dynamin 1-like protein and mitochondrial fission 1 protein induced by OGD/R were suppressed by C-pc, while the subdued expressions of mitochondrial fusion proteins mitofusins 1 and 2 and optic atrophy 1 induced by OGD/R increased in C-pc-treated groups. Triple immunofluorescence staining revealed that C-pc treatment reduced the recruitment of dynamin 1-like protein from cytoplasm to mitochondrial membranes. Furthermore, C-pc protected H9c2 cells against OGD/R-induced cytochrome c/apoptotic protease activating factor-1 intrinsic apoptosis and suppressed the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results suggest that C-pc protects cardiomyocytes from ischemic damage by affecting mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics and reducing apoptosis and, thus, may be of potential as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Originally Named "Shanghai First People' s Hospital"), Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Originally Named "Shanghai First People' s Hospital"), Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Qu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Hong
- Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Originally Named "Shanghai First People' s Hospital"), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac failure in children with Thalassemia major (TM) is the major cause of death due to iron overload. Spirulina is a micro alga with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and may have a cardioprotective effect. AIM OF THE WORK The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of spirulina supplement in TM children. SUBJECT AND METHODS It is an interventional study carried out in 60 children with TM and 30 healthy children matched for age and sex as control. Both groups received spirulina supplement at a dose of 250 mg/kg/d for 3 months. 2D Echo, Tissue Doppler, and speckle tracking imaging (STI) were done for all the studied cohort before and after the 3-month duration of spirulina supplement. RESULTS There was significant improvement in hemoglobin level at the end of 3-month period (8.27±1.3 vs. 9.023±1.7; P <0.033) with decrease the frequency of blood transfusion in TM patients (66.6% vs. 40% required transfusion at interval less than 2 wk). Left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) significantly improved after 3-month period (-21.7±4.64 vs. -24.67±4.478; P <0.002). CONCLUSIONS Spirulina supplement has possible beneficial effect in minimizing the frequency of blood transfusion as well as cardioprotective effect against cardiac damage in TM patients.
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Zhuang L, Li C, Chen Q, Jin Q, Wu L, Lu L, Yan X, Chen K. Fatty acid-binding protein 3 contributes to ischemic heart injury by regulating cardiac myocyte apoptosis and MAPK pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H971-H984. [PMID: 30735072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00360.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3), a low-molecular-weight protein, participates in lipid transportation, storage, signaling transduction, oxidation, and transcription regulation. Here, we investigated the expression and function of FABP3 in ischemic heart diseases and explored the mechanisms by which FABP3 affected remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We showed that ischemic or hypoxic conditions upregulated FABP3 expression in vivo and in vitro. Notably, overexpression of FABP3 induced more myocyte apoptosis in the infarction and border areas and aggravated cardiac dysfunction, with lower left ventricular ejection fraction. Meanwhile, overexpression of FABP3 drastically promoted death and apoptosis of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Furthermore, deficiency of FABP3 exerted protective effects against ischemic heart injuries by decreasing cardiac myocyte apoptosis and heart remodeling after MI. We found that overexpression of FABP3 upregulated the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathway and decreased phosphorylated Akt levels, which may account for the augmentation of apoptosis and remodeling after MI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that deficiency of FABP3 would protect cardiac myocytes from apoptosis and alleviate cardiac remodeling after MI, suggesting FABP3 as a potential target to preserve cardiac function after MI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is an undisputable fact that myocyte apoptosis plays a crucial role in cardiac remodeling and the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Here, fatty acid-binding protein 3 deficiency improved myocardial structural remodeling and function by decreasing cell apoptosis and regulating MAPK signaling pathways. We suppose that fatty acid-binding protein 3 may be regarded as a potential intervention approach to preserve cardiomyocytes during myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chenni Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiujing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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23
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Hao S, Li S, Wang J, Zhao L, Zhang C, Huang W, Wang C. Phycocyanin Reduces Proliferation of Melanoma Cells through Downregulating GRB2/ERK Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10921-10929. [PMID: 30253646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a type of functional food additive, phycocyanin is shown to have a potential antineoplastic property. However, its underlying anticancer mechanism in melanoma cells remains unknown. We previously reported a 35S in vivo/vitro labeling analysis for dynamic proteomic (SiLAD) technology. It could exclusively detect protein synthesis rates via pulse labeling of newly expressed proteins by 35S, providing a high time-resolution method for analysis of protein variations. In the present study, we performed a time course analysis in A375 melanoma cells after phycocyanin treatment using SiLAD. Protein expression velocities were specifically visualized and their regulation modes were dynamically traced. Strikingly, novel protein synthesis patterns were discovered in the early phase of phycocyanin treatment, suggesting a possible mechanism of phycocyanin regulation. Furthermore, network analysis and phenotype experiments demonstrated that GRB2-ERK1/2 pathway was involved in phycocyanin-mediated regulation process and responsible for the proliferation suppression of melanoma cell, which could be a therapeutic target for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing 102208 , China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
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Beneficial effects of phycobiliproteins from Spirulina maxima in a preeclampsia model. Life Sci 2018; 211:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zhang Z, Yao L, Yang J, Wang Z, Du G. PI3K/Akt and HIF‑1 signaling pathway in hypoxia‑ischemia (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3547-3554. [PMID: 30106145 PMCID: PMC6131612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which regulates a wide range of cellular functions, is involved in the resistance response to H-I through the activation of proteins associated with survival and inactivation of apoptosis-associated proteins. It can also regulate the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α can further regulate the expression of downstream proteins involved in glucose metabolism and angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, to facilitate ischemic adaptation. Notably, HIF-1α may also induce detrimental effects. The effects of HIF-1 on ischemic outcomes may be dependent on the H-I duration, animal age and species. Thus, further investigation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may provide further insights of the potential targets for treating diseases accompanied by H-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
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Yu J, Gao H, Wu C, Xu QM, Lu JJ, Chen X. Diethyl Blechnic, a Novel Natural Product Isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting ROS and Activating JNK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061809. [PMID: 29921821 PMCID: PMC6032151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antineoplastic agent in clinics. However, its clinical application is largely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Diethyl blechnic (DB) is a novel compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Here, we study the effect of DB on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. Cellular viability was tested by 3-[-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and protein level was evaluated by Western blotting. 5,5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL staining was performed to test the apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was investigated by using flow cytometry. DB significantly inhibited DOX-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, DB decreased cell apoptotic morphological changes and reversed the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by DOX. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with DB increased the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xl), and survivin and reduced the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p-p53, cytochrome c (cyt c), and cleaved-caspase 3, 7, 8, 9 in the protein levels in DOX-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, DB suppressed ROS generation. The DB-mediated protective effects were accompanied by increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2) expression. In addition, SP600125, the inhibitor of JNK1/2, abolished the protective effect of DB. We concluded that DB protected cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting ROS and activating the JNK1/2 pathway. Therefore, DB is a promising candidate as a cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
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27
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Memije-Lazaro IN, Blas-Valdivia V, Franco-Colín M, Cano-Europa E. Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) and C-phycocyanin prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease and its cardiovascular complications. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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28
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Hao S, Yan Y, Huang W, Gai F, Wang J, Liu L, Wang C. C-phycocyanin reduces inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activity through downregulating PDCD5 in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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29
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Patil J, Matte A, Mallard C, Sandberg M. Spirulina diet to lactating mothers protects the antioxidant system and reduces inflammation in post-natal brain after systemic inflammation. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 21:59-69. [PMID: 27571388 PMCID: PMC5996969 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1221496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study concerns: (1) the long-term effects of peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in neonatal rats on inflammation and antioxidant parameters in brain and (2) the effects of a Spirulina-enriched diet given to lactating mothers on protective and inflammatory parameters in brains of suckling pups subjected to peripheral inflammation. METHODS Five-day old rat pups were treated with LPS (i.p. 2 mg/kg). After 3, 7, 30, and 65 days, mRNA, miRNA, and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-system were examined. In a sub-group, a Spirulina-enriched diet was given to the mothers 24 hours before the pups were treated with LPS, then the effects on antioxidant and inflammatory parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The main findings were: (1) interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was upregulated in cortex 3, 7, and 30 days after LPS treatment, (2) Nrf2 and the catalytic subunit of γ-glutamylcysteinyl ligase were decreased in cortex 7 days after LPS in parallel with increased levels of phosphorylated p38 and decreased levels of histone H3 acetylation, and (3) a Spirulina-enriched diet to lactating mothers normalized both the increased IL-1β expression and the decreased antioxidant parameters after LPS. The protective effects of Spirulina were correlated with decreased levels of phosphorylated p38 and high levels of the antioxidant miRNA-146a. DISCUSSION A Spirulina diet given to lactating mothers can protect against neuroinflammation and decreased antioxidant defence in brain of suckling pups subjected to peripheral inflammation, possibly via decreased activation of p38 and high levels of the antioxidant miRNA-146a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Patil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ashok Matte
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Ahmed N, Linardi D, Muhammad N, Chiamulera C, Fumagalli G, Biagio LS, Gebrie MA, Aslam M, Luciani GB, Faggian G, Rungatscher A. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator Fingolimod (FTY720) Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in Post-heterotopic Heart Transplantation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:645. [PMID: 28966593 PMCID: PMC5605636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and S1P receptor modulator fingolimod have been suggested to play important cardioprotective role in animal models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuries. To understand the cardioprotective function of S1P and its mechanism in vivo, we analyzed apoptotic, inflammatory biomarkers, and myocardial fibrosis in an in vivo heterotopic rat heart transplantation model. Methods: Heterotopic heart transplantation is performed in 60 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (350–400 g). The heart transplant recipients (n = 60) are categorized into Group A (control) and Group B (fingolimod treated 1 mg/kg intravenous). At baseline with 24 h after heart transplantation, blood and myocardial tissue are collected for analysis of myocardial biomarkers, apoptosis, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation of Akt/Erk/STAT-3 signaling pathways. Myocardial fibrosis was investigated using Masson’s trichrome staining and L-hydroxyline. Results: Fingolimod treatment activates both Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) and Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) pathways as evident from activation of anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways. Fingolimod treatment caused a reduction in myocardial oxidative stress and hence cardiomyocyte apoptosis resulting in a decrease in myocardial reperfusion injury. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in collagen staining and hydroxyproline content was observed in fingolimod treated animals 30 days after transplantation demonstrating a reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Conclusion: S1P receptor activation with fingolimod activates anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways, leading to improved myocardial salvage causing a reduction in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of PunjabLahore, Pakistan.,Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of LahoreLahore, Pakistan.,Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Daniele Linardi
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Nazeer Muhammad
- COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyWah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Livio San Biagio
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Mebratu A Gebrie
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy.,Department of Anatomy, Università di Addis AbebaAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
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Yang J, Han J, Li Y, Dong B. Esculetin inhibits the apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via the MAPK signaling pathway following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Pharmacotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Kim S, Chung H, Lee S, Cho SH, Cho HJ, Kim SH, Jang IJ, Yu KS. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of the novel necrosis inhibitor LC28-0126 in healthy male subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1205-1215. [PMID: 28002882 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A novel necrosis inhibitor, LC28-0126, is expected to have a cellular protective effect from ischaemic reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of LC28-0126 after a single intravenous administration in healthy male subjects. METHODS The study was a dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose, first-in-human trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg of LC28-0126. LC28-0126 was infused for 30 min and 5 min in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. An interim analysis to assess the tolerability and pharmacokinetics was conducted in each dose group. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma LC28-0126 concentrations from predose to 48 or 144 h postdose, and urine samples were taken from predose to 48 or 72 h postdose. RESULTS Overall, 89 subjects were randomly assigned to the dose groups of the two cohorts. LC28-0126 was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported. LC28-0126 showed rapid disposition in the distribution phase. Overall, the fraction of unchanged LC28-0126 excreted during the 48 or 72 h after administration was below 5%. The systemic exposure of LC28-0126 tends to be increased in a dose-proportional manner in the dose range of 0.3-200 mg. CONCLUSIONS A single intravenous dose of LC28-0126 was safe and well tolerated up to 200 mg. Furthermore, LC28-0126 demonstrated a predictable pharmacokinetic profile after a single intravenous infusion of doses ranging from 0.3 to 200 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokuee Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine and Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- R&D Park, LG Life Sciences Ltd, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Neri-Torres EE, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Calderón HA, Torres-Figueredo N, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Calderón-Domínguez G, Velasco-Bedrán H. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization of Spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) Nanoparticles by High-Resolution Electron Microscopic Techniques. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:887-901. [PMID: 27515227 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to obtain Spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) nanoparticles (SNPs) by using high-impact mechanical milling and to characterize them by electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The milling products were analyzed after various processing times (1-4 h), and particle size distribution and number mean size (NMS) were determined by analysis of high-resolution scanning electron microscopic images. The smallest particles are synthesized after 3 h of milling, had an NMS of 55.6±3.6 nm, with 95% of the particles being smaller than 100 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed lattice spacing of ~0.27±0.015 nm for SNPs. The corresponding chemical composition was obtained by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and showed the presence of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn. The powder flow properties showed that the powder density was higher when the average nanoparticle size is smaller. They showed free flowability and an increase in their specific surface area (6.89±0.23 m2/g) up to 12-14 times larger than the original material (0.45±0.02 m2/g). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that chemical damage related to the milling is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elier Ekberg Neri-Torres
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Wilfrido Massieu s/n. U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,07738 México D.F.,Mexico
| | - Jorge J Chanona-Pérez
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Wilfrido Massieu s/n. U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,07738 México D.F.,Mexico
| | - Hector A Calderón
- 2Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional Edificio 9,U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,07738 México D.F.,Mexico
| | - Neil Torres-Figueredo
- 3Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, IPN, Calzada Legaria, No. 694, Colonia Irrigación, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Código Postal 11500, México Distrito Federal,Mexico
| | - German Chamorro-Cevallos
- 5Departamento de Toxicología,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Wilfrido Massieu s/n. U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,07738 México D.F.,Mexico
| | - Georgina Calderón-Domínguez
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Wilfrido Massieu s/n. U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,07738 México D.F.,Mexico
| | - Hugo Velasco-Bedrán
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Wilfrido Massieu s/n. U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,07738 México D.F.,Mexico
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The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1817-40. [PMID: 27259333 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina is a species of filamentous cyanobacteria that has long been used as a food supplement. In particular, Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima are the most important. Thanks to a high protein and vitamin content, Spirulina is used as a nutraceutical food supplement, although its other potential health benefits have attracted much attention. Oxidative stress and dysfunctional immunity cause many diseases in humans, including atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and hypertension. Thus, the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of these microalgae may play an important role in human health. Here, we discuss the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina in both animals and humans, along with the underlying mechanisms. In addition, its commercial and regulatory status in different countries is discussed as well. Spirulina activates cellular antioxidant enzymes, inhibits lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, scavenges free radicals, and increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Notably, there appears to be a threshold level above which Spirulina will taper off the antioxidant activity. Clinical trials show that Spirulina prevents skeletal muscle damage under conditions of exercise-induced oxidative stress and can stimulate the production of antibodies and up- or downregulate the expression of cytokine-encoding genes to induce immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. The molecular mechanism(s) by which Spirulina induces these activities is unclear, but phycocyanin and β-carotene are important molecules. Moreover, Spirulina effectively regulates the ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and IκB pathways. This review provides new insight into the potential therapeutic applications of Spirulina and may provide new ideas for future studies.
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Chamorro-Cevallos G. Methods for Extraction, Isolation and Purification of C-phycocyanin: 50 years of research in review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15436/2377-0619.16.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghaeni M, Roomiani L. Review for Application and Medicine Effects of Spirulina, Spirulina platensis Microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18178/joaat.3.2.114-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yang L, Luo C, Chen C, Wang X, Shi W, Liu J. All-trans retinoic acid protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating the ERK2 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:357-71. [PMID: 26507774 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin is a powerful antineoplastic agent for treating a wide range of cancers. However, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity of the heart has largely limited its clinical use. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays an important role in many cardiac biological processes, but its protective effects on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Here, we studied the effect of ATRA on doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Cellular viability assays, Western blotting and mitochondrial respiration analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to ATRA in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Quantitative PCR and gene knockdown were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ATRA's effects on doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. KEY RESULTS ATRA significantly inhibited doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. ATRA was more effective against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity than resveratrol and dexrazoxane. ATRA also suppressed reactive oxygen species generation and restored expression levels of mRNA and proteins in the phase II detoxifying enzyme system: nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, manganese superoxide dismutase, haem oxygenase-1, and mitochondrial function (mitochondrial membrane integrity, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and mitochondrial respiration capacity, biogenesis and dynamics). Both a ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and ERK2 siRNA, but not ERK1 siRNA, abolished the protective effect of ATRA against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Remarkably, ATRA did not compromise the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin in gastric carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ATRA protected cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced toxicity, by activating the ERK2 pathway, without compromising its anticancer efficacy. Therefore, ATRA is a promising candidate as a cardioprotective agent against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Cardioprotective Effect of Licochalcone D against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Langendorff-Perfused Rat Hearts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128375. [PMID: 26058040 PMCID: PMC4461317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are important components of ‘functional foods’, with beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. The present study was designed to investigate whether licochalcone D (LD) could be a cardioprotective agent in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to shed light on its possible mechanism. Compared with the I/R group, LD treatment enhanced myocardial function (increased LVDP, dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, HR and CR) and suppressed cardiac injury (decreased LDH, CK and myocardial infarct size). Moreover, LD treatment reversed the I/R-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, resulting in a significant decrease in proinflammatory factors and an increase in antioxidant capacity in I/R myocardial tissue. The mechanisms underlying the antiapoptosis, antiinflammation and antioxidant effects were related to the activation of the AKT pathway and to the blockage of the NF-κB/p65 and p38 MAPK pathways in the I/R-injured heart. Additionally, LD treatment markedly activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. The findings indicated that LD had real cardioprotective potential and provided support for the use of LD in myocardial I/R injury.
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Hou X, Han J, Yuan C, Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xu L, Zheng Q, Chen W. Cardioprotective Effects of Total Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Sprig Rosa rugosa against Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury in Isolated Rat Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:54-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sinapic acid protects heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury and H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells against oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:853-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jiang J, Yuan X, Wang T, Chen H, Zhao H, Yan X, Wang Z, Sun X, Zheng Q. Antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from Dracocephalum moldavica L. against acute ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:74-82. [PMID: 24395711 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from Dracocephalum moldavica L. (DML). The total flavonoids showed remarkable scavenging effects against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals in vitro. Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group as demonstrated by the use of improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology, the total flavonoids (5 μg/mL) pretreatment improved the heart rate and coronary flow, rised left ventricular developed pressure and decreased creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase levels in coronary flow. The infarct size/ischemic area at risk of DML-treated hearts was smaller than that of I/R group; the superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio increased and malondialdehyde content reduced obviously (P < 0.01) in total flavonoids treatment groups. In conclusion, the total flavonoids possess obvious protective effects on myocardial I/R injury, which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Beierlu, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
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Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion by licochalcone B in isolated rat hearts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:134862. [PMID: 25215172 PMCID: PMC4158311 DOI: 10.1155/2014/134862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cause of heart injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximum up/down rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt(max)) were documented by a physiological recorder. Myocardial infarct size was estimated macroscopically using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Coronary effluent was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) release to assess the degree of cardiac injury. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed to determine the inflammation status of the myocardial tissue. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis analysis was performed using the In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, POD. Accordingly, licochalcone B pretreatment improved the heart rate (HR), increased LVDP, and decreased CK and LDH levels in coronary flow. SOD level and GSH/GSSG ratio increased, whereas the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and CRP and activities of IL-8 and IL-6 decreased in licochalcone B-treated groups. The infarct size and cell apoptosis in hearts from licochalcone B-treated group were lower than those in hearts from the I/R control group. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of licochalcone B may be attributed to its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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YE SHAOJUN, ZHU YI, MING YINGZI, SHE XINGGUO, LIU HONG, YE QIFA. Glycyrrhizin protects mice against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation by downregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1247-1252. [PMID: 24940420 PMCID: PMC3991492 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) often leads to acute kidney injury, chronic renal failure and kidney transplantation failure. Glycyrrhizin is extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots and is the predominant active component, which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of glycyrrhizin on I/R-induced renal injury has not been investigated. In the present study, glycyrrhizin was demonstrated to attenuate renal I/R injury in mice via administration of glycyrrhizin, which suppressed the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen 6 h following reperfusion; furthermore, the superoxide anions as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase within renal tissues was reduced by glycyrrhizin pretreatment. Moreover, the protein level of cleaved caspase-3, as well as its activity in renal tissue, was suppressed as a result of the glycyrrhizin pretreatment, indicating that glycyrrhizin inhibits I/R-induced renal cell apoptosis. In addition, glycyrrhizin pretreatment appeared to ameliorate I/R-induced renal injury via inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated and it was shown that the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was downregulated as a result of glycyrrhizin administration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that glycyrrhizin provided significant protection against I/R-induced renal injury in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and renal cell apoptosis. Therefore, glycyrrhizin may be used in abdominal surgery and kidney transplantation for the prevention of renal I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHAOJUN YE
- Research Center of the Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - YI ZHU
- Research Center of the Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - YINGZI MING
- Research Center of the Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - XINGGUO SHE
- Research Center of the Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - HONG LIU
- Research Center of the Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - QIFA YE
- Research Center of the Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Senthamizhselvan O, Manivannan J, Silambarasan T, Raja B. Diosmin pretreatment improves cardiac function and suppresses oxidative stress in rat heart after ischemia/reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:131-7. [PMID: 24769512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion of ischemic tissue leads to the generation of oxygen derived free radicals which plays an important role in cellular damage. Objective of the current study is to evaluate the cardio-protective and antioxidant effect of diosmin on ischemia-reperfusion related cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Diosmin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw)) was given every day to the rats orally throughout the experimental period. Ischemia/reperfusion protocol was carried out ex vivo using langendorff perfusion method and the cardiac functional recovery was assessed in terms of percentage rate pressure product. Coronary effluents of LDH and CK-MB activities, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation products, activity of TCA cycle enzymes were evaluated. Moreover, in vitro superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging potential of diosmin was also quantified. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR was used for assessing Bcl-2 mRNA expression in heart. Cardiac functional recovery was impaired after reperfusion compared with continuously perfused heart. It was significantly prevented by diosmin treatment. Impaired antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated lipid peroxidation products level were also significantly suppressed. The activity of TCA cycle enzymes was protected against reperfusion stress. Down regulated Bcl-2 was also significantly increased. This study concluded that diosmin pretreatment prevents all the impaired patterns including cardiac function, oxidative stress and apoptosis associated with reperfusion in control heart by its antioxidant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oomaidurai Senthamizhselvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangarasu Silambarasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boobalan Raja
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cardioprotective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Lavender Flower against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/368376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective property of the aqueous extract of lavender flower (LFAE). The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of rat was prepared by Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. The heart was preperfused with K-H solution containing LFAE for 10 min before 20 minutes global ischemia, and then the reperfusion with K-H solution was conducted for 45 min. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximum up/downrate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were recorded by physiological recorder as the myocardial function and the myocardial infarct size was detected by TTC staining. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in the effluent were measured to determine the myocardial injury degree. The superoxide anion dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissue were detected to determine the oxidative stress degree. The results showed that the pretreatment with LFAE significantly decreased the myocardial infarct size and also decreased the LDH, CK activities, and MDA level, while it increased the LVDP, ±dp/dtmax, SOD activities, and the coronary artery flow. Our findings indicated that LFAE could provide protection for heart against the I/R injury which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
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Protective Effects of Elaeagnus angustifoliaLeaf Extract against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Heart. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/693573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the cardioprotective property of the aqueous extract ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. leaf (EA) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model of isolated rat heart was set up by the use of improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, the aqueous extract ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. leaf (0.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL) pretreatment markedly improved the coronary flow (CF) and raised left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and maximum rise/down velocity (±dp/dtmax). The infarct size of the EA-treated hearts was smaller than that of I/R group. After treatment with EA, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased; malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content reduced more obviously (P<0.01) than that of I/R injury myocardial tissue.Conclusion. Results from the present study showed that the aqueous extract ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. leaf has obvious protective effects on myocardial I/R injury, which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
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Wu X, Xu T, Li D, Zhu S, Chen Q, Hu W, Pan D, Zhu H, Sun H. ERK/PP1a/PLB/SERCA2a and JNK pathways are involved in luteolin-mediated protection of rat hearts and cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82957. [PMID: 24386130 PMCID: PMC3875429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of various diseases. Recent studies have suggested that administration of luteolin yields cardioprotective effects during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. However, the precise mechanisms of this action remain unclear. The aim of this study is to confirm that luteolin-mediated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are responsible for their cardioprotective effects during I/R. Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: (i) DMSO group (DMSO); (ii) I/R group (I/R); (iii) luteolin+I/R group (Lut+I/R); (iv) ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059+I/R group (PD+I/R); (v) PD98059+luteolin+I/R group (PD+Lut+I/R); and (vi) JNK inhibitor SP600125+I/R group (SP+I/R). The following properties were measured: contractile function of isolated heart and cardiomyocytes; infarct size; the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); the percentage of apoptotic cells; the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax; and phosphorylation status of ERK1/2, JNK, type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1a), phospholamban (PLB) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a). Our data showed that pretreatment with luteolin or SP600125 significantly improved the contraction of the isolated heart and cardiomyocytes, reduced infarct size and LDH activity, decreased the rate of apoptosis and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. However, pretreatment with PD98059 alone before I/R had no effect on the above indexes. Further, these consequences of luteolin pretreatment were abrogated by co-administration of PD98059. We also found that pretreatment with PD98059 caused a significant increase in JNK expression, and SP600125 could cause ERK1/2 activation during I/R. In addition, we are the first to demonstrate that luteolin affects PP1a expression, which results in the up-regulation of the PLB, thereby relieving its inhibition of SERCA2a. These results showed that luteolin improves cardiomyocyte contractile function after I/R injury by an ERK1/2-PP1a-PLB-SERCA2a-mediated mechanism independent of JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of The First Clinical College, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of The First Clinical College, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (DL); (HS)
| | - Shasha Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (DL); (HS)
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Tongxinluo Improves Cardiac Function and Ameliorates Ventricular Remodeling in Mice Model of Myocardial Infarction through Enhancing Angiogenesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:813247. [PMID: 24069057 PMCID: PMC3771470 DOI: 10.1155/2013/813247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Tongxinluo (TXL) is a traditional Chinese compound prescription which has cardioprotective functions. The present study was aimed to determine the effect of TXL on postischemic cardiac dysfunction and cardiac remodeling and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results. MI was performed by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in male adult mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: (1) sham group (Sham); (2) MI-control group (Control); (3) MI-low dose TXL group (TXL-L); and (4) MI-high dose TXL (TXL-H) group. Compared with the control group, TXL treatment restored cardiac function, increased revascularization, attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and reduced interstitial fibrosis. TXL treatment increased the phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); the expression of phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K), hypoxia-inducible factors 1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and the DNA binding activity of HIF-1α after MI. Conclusion. TXL may improve cardiac function and ameliorate cardiac remodeling by increasing neovascularization through enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, the expression and activity of HIF-1α, and the protein level of VEGF and p-eNOS.
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Lessons from the heart and ischemic limbs: midkine as anti-inflammatory mediator for kidney diseases? Int Urol Nephrol 2012. [PMID: 23208536 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses ensuing ischemia involve the release of numerous mediators. Among these the heparin-binding growth factor midkine has been recognized as a potent inducer of neoangiogenesis. In a recent publication, the release of midkine has been studied in different in vitro models, and effects of abrogated midkine expression by means of genetic knockout has been analyzed in ischemia models of the limbs. The observed effects indicate a profound effect exerted by midkine under ischemia in the coordination of the inflammatory response and neoangiogenesis.
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