1
|
Read DF, Booth GT, Daza RM, Jackson DL, Gladden RG, Srivatsan SR, Ewing B, Franks JM, Spurrell CH, Gomes AR, O'Day D, Gogate AA, Martin BK, Larson H, Pfleger C, Starita L, Lin Y, Shendure J, Lin S, Trapnell C. Single-cell analysis of chromatin and expression reveals age- and sex-associated alterations in the human heart. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1052. [PMID: 39187646 PMCID: PMC11347658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex differences and age-related changes in the human heart at the tissue, cell, and molecular level have been well-documented and many may be relevant for cardiovascular disease. However, how molecular programs within individual cell types vary across individuals by age and sex remains poorly characterized. To better understand this variation, we performed single-nucleus combinatorial indexing (sci) ATAC- and RNA-Seq in human heart samples from nine donors. We identify hundreds of differentially expressed genes by age and sex and find epigenetic signatures of variation in ATAC-Seq data in this discovery cohort. We then scale up our single-cell RNA-Seq analysis by combining our data with five recently published single nucleus RNA-Seq datasets of healthy adult hearts. We find variation such as metabolic alterations by sex and immune changes by age in differential expression tests, as well as alterations in abundance of cardiomyocytes by sex and neurons with age. In addition, we compare our adult-derived ATAC-Seq profiles to analogous fetal cell types to identify putative developmental-stage-specific regulatory factors. Finally, we train predictive models of cell-type-specific RNA expression levels utilizing ATAC-Seq profiles to link distal regulatory sequences to promoters, quantifying the predictive value of a simple TF-to-expression regulatory grammar and identifying cell-type-specific TFs. Our analysis represents the largest single-cell analysis of cardiac variation by age and sex to date and provides a resource for further study of healthy cardiac variation and transcriptional regulation at single-cell resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F Read
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory T Booth
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Riza M Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rula Green Gladden
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brent Ewing
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Franks
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Diana O'Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya A Gogate
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth K Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haleigh Larson
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Pfleger
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiing Lin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Shin Lin
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonazzola R, Ferrante E, Ravikumar N, Xia Y, Keavney B, Plein S, Syeda-Mahmood T, Frangi AF. Unsupervised ensemble-based phenotyping enhances discoverability of genes related to left-ventricular morphology. NAT MACH INTELL 2024; 6:291-306. [PMID: 38523678 PMCID: PMC10957472 DOI: 10.1038/s42256-024-00801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have successfully identified associations between genetic variants and simple cardiac morphological parameters derived from cardiac magnetic resonance images. However, the emergence of large databases, including genetic data linked to cardiac magnetic resonance facilitates the investigation of more nuanced patterns of cardiac shape variability than those studied so far. Here we propose a framework for gene discovery coined unsupervised phenotype ensembles. The unsupervised phenotype ensemble builds a redundant yet highly expressive representation by pooling a set of phenotypes learnt in an unsupervised manner, using deep learning models trained with different hyperparameters. These phenotypes are then analysed via genome-wide association studies, retaining only highly confident and stable associations across the ensemble. We applied our approach to the UK Biobank database to extract geometric features of the left ventricle from image-derived three-dimensional meshes. We demonstrate that our approach greatly improves the discoverability of genes that influence left ventricle shape, identifying 49 loci with study-wide significance and 25 with suggestive significance. We argue that our approach would enable more extensive discovery of gene associations with image-derived phenotypes for other organs or image modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Bonazzola
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, School of Computing and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Enzo Ferrante
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence, sinc(i), FICH-UNL/CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nishant Ravikumar
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, School of Computing and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yan Xia
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, School of Computing and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Alejandro F. Frangi
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Medical Imaging Research Center (MIRC), University Hospital Gasthuisberg. Cardiovascular Sciences and Electrical Engineering Departments, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Röning T, Magga J, Laitakari A, Halmetoja R, Tapio J, Dimova EY, Szabo Z, Rahtu-Korpela L, Kemppi A, Walkinshaw G, Myllyharju J, Kerkelä R, Koivunen P, Serpi R. Activation of the hypoxia response pathway protects against age-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:148-155. [PMID: 34919895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have previously demonstrated protection against obesity, metabolic dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cardiac ischemia in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (Hif-p4h-2) deficient mouse line, attributing these protective effects to activation of the hypoxia response pathway in a normoxic environment. We intended here to find out whether the Hif-p4h-2 deficiency affects the cardiac health of these mice upon aging. METHODS AND RESULTS When the Hif-p4h-2 deficient mice and their wild-type littermates were monitored during normal aging, the Hif-p4h-2 deficient mice had better preserved diastolic function than the wild type at one year of age and less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy at two years. On the mRNA level, downregulation of hypertrophy-associated genes was detected and shown to be associated with upregulation of Notch signaling, and especially of the Notch target gene and transcriptional repressor Hairy and enhancer-of-split-related basic helix-loop-helix (Hey2). Blocking of Notch signaling in cardiomyocytes isolated from Hif-p4h-2 deficient mice with a gamma-secretase inhibitor led to upregulation of the hypertrophy-associated genes. Also, targeting Hey2 in isolated wild-type rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with siRNA led to upregulation of hypertrophic genes and increased leucine incorporation indicative of increased protein synthesis and hypertrophy. Finally, oral treatment of wild-type mice with a small molecule inhibitor of HIF-P4Hs phenocopied the effects of Hif-p4h-2 deficiency with less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, upregulation of Hey2 and downregulation of the hypertrophy-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that activation of the hypoxia response pathway upregulates Notch signaling and its target Hey2 resulting in transcriptional repression of hypertrophy-associated genes and less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This is eventually associated with better preserved cardiac function upon aging. Activation of the hypoxia response pathway thus has therapeutic potential for combating age-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Röning
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Laitakari
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Halmetoja
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joona Tapio
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lea Rahtu-Korpela
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Kemppi
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Biocenter Oulu and Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Raisa Serpi
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Starcher AE, Peissig K, Stanton JB, Churchill GA, Cai D, Maxwell JT, Grider A, Love K, Chen SY, Coleman AE, Strauss E, Pazdro R. A systems approach using Diversity Outbred mice distinguishes the cardiovascular effects and genetics of circulating GDF11 from those of its homolog, myostatin. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6362884. [PMID: 34510201 PMCID: PMC8527520 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the TGF-β protein family that has been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. While some studies have suggested that systemic GDF11 protects against cardiomyocyte enlargement and left ventricular wall thickening, there remains uncertainty about the true impact of GDF11 and whether its purported effects are actually attributable to its homolog myostatin. This study was conducted to resolve the statistical and genetic relationships among GDF11, myostatin, and cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of human genetics, the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock. In the DO population, serum GDF11 concentrations positively correlated with cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, while circulating myostatin levels were negatively correlated with body weight, heart weight, and left ventricular wall thickness and mass. Genetic analyses revealed that serum GDF11 concentrations are modestly heritable (0.23) and identified a suggestive peak on murine chromosome 3 in close proximity to the gene Hey1, a transcriptional repressor. Bioinformatic analyses located putative binding sites for the HEY1 protein upstream of the Gdf11 gene in the mouse and human genomes. In contrast, serum myostatin concentrations were more heritable (0.57) than GDF11 concentrations, and mapping identified a significant locus near the gene FoxO1, which has binding motifs within the promoter regions of human and mouse myostatin genes. Together, these findings more precisely define the independent cardiovascular effects of GDF11 and myostatin, as well as their distinct regulatory pathways. Hey1 is a compelling candidate for the regulation of GDF11 and will be further evaluated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Starcher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristen Peissig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Dunpeng Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arthur Grider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kim Love
- K. R. Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emma Strauss
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang WT, Fisch S, Dangwal S, Mohebali J, Fiedler AG, Chen M, Hsu CH, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Alexander KM, Chen FY, Liao R. MicroRNA-21 regulates right ventricular remodeling secondary to pulmonary arterial pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:106-114. [PMID: 33548242 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) function is a critical determinant of survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While miR-21 is known to associate with vascular remodeling in small animal models of PAH, its role in RV remodeling in large animal models has not been characterized. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-21 in RV dysfunction using a sheep model of PAH secondary to pulmonary arterial constriction (PAC). RV structural and functional remodeling were examined using ultrasound imaging. Our results showed that post PAC, RV strain significantly decreased at the basal region compared with t the control. Moreover, such dysfunction was accompanied by increases in miR-21 levels. To determine the role of miR-21 in RV remodeling secondary to PAC, we investigated the molecular alteration secondary to phenylephrine induced hypertrophy and miR21 overexpression in vitro using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). We found that overexpression of miR-21 in the setting of hypertrophic stimulation augmented only the expression of proteins critical for mitosis but not cytokinesis. Strikingly, this molecular alteration was associated with an eccentric cellular hypertrophic phenotype similar to what we observed in vivo PAC animal model in sheep. Importantly, this hypertrophic change was diminished upon suppressing miR-21 in NRVMs. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that miR-21 is a critical contributor in the development of RV dysfunction and could represent a novel therapeutic target for PAH associated RV dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Sudeshna Fisch
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Seema Dangwal
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jahan Mohebali
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Amy G Fiedler
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yiling Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kevin M Alexander
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America
| | - Frederick Y Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang JJ, Xie Y, Li H, Zhang XX, Huang Q, Zhu Y, Gu P, Jiang WM. YQWY decoction reverses cardiac hypertrophy induced by TAC through inhibiting GATA4 phosphorylation and MAPKs. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:746-755. [PMID: 31703755 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Yiqi Wenyang (YQWY) decoction on reversing cardiac hypertrophy induced by the transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Wistar rats aged 7-8 weeks were subjected to TAC surgery and then randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5/group): Sham group, TAC group, low-dose group and high dose group. After 16-week intragastric administration of YQWY decoction, the effect of YQWY decoction on alleviating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), hematoxylin/eosin (HE), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF), respectively. The results showed significant differences in left ventricle volume-diastole/systole (LV Vol d/s), N-terminal pro-B-type brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (P < 0.01), Ejection Fraction (EF), LV mass and fractional shortening (FS) (P < 0.05) between YQWY-treated group and TAC group. HE and WGA staining showed that treatment with YQWY decoction dramatically prevented TAC-induced cardiomycyte hypertrophy. Moreover, the results of WB, IHC and IF indicated that administration of YQWY could suppress the expressions of cardiac hypertrophic markers, which included the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP and myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) (P < 0.05) and inhibit phosphorylation of GATA binding protein 4 (P-GATA4) (P < 0.05), phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) (P < 0.05), phosphorylation of P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (P-P38) (P < 0.05) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) (P < 0.05). Thus, we concluded that YQWY decoction suppressed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reversed the impaired heart function, and the curative effects of YQWY decoction were associated with the decreased phosphorylation of GATA4 and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as well as the reduced expression of the downstream targets of GATA4, including ANP, BNP, and MYH7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - He Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qing Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 21002, China.
| | - Wei-Min Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo R, Chen F, Shi Z. Suppression of Notch Signaling Stimulates Progesterone Synthesis by Enhancing the Expression of NR5A2 and NR2F2 in Porcine Granulosa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020120. [PMID: 31978970 PMCID: PMC7073743 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved Notch pathway is reported to be involved in progesterone synthesis and secretion; however, the exact effects remain controversial. To determine the role and potential mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in progesterone biosynthesis in porcine granulosa cells (pGCs), we first used a pharmacological γ-secretase inhibitor, N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl))-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), to block the Notch pathway in cultured pGCs and then evaluated the expression of genes in the progesterone biosynthesis pathway and key transcription factors (TFs) regulating steroidogenesis. We found that DAPT dose- and time-dependently increased progesterone secretion. The expression of steroidogenic proteins NPC1 and StAR and two TFs, NR5A2 and NR2F2, was significantly upregulated, while the expression of HSD3B was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, knockdown of both NR5A2 and NR2F2 with specific siRNAs blocked the upregulatory effects of DAPT on progesterone secretion and reversed the effects of DAPT on the expression of NPC1, StAR, and HSD3B. Moreover, knockdown of NR5A2 and NR2F2 stimulated the expression of Notch3. In conclusion, the inhibition of Notch signaling stimulated progesterone secretion by enhancing the expression of NPC1 and StAR, and the two TFs NR5A2 and NR2F2 acted as downstream TFs of Notch signaling in regulating progesterone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goodson JM, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Chien WM, Chin MT. In utero exposure to diesel exhaust is associated with alterations in neonatal cardiomyocyte transcription, DNA methylation and metabolic perturbation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:17. [PMID: 30975218 PMCID: PMC6460812 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental exposure to particulate matter air pollution is harmful to cardiovascular health, but the mechanisms by which this exposure mediates susceptibility to heart disease is poorly understood. We have previously shown, in a mouse model, that gestational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) results in increased cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and susceptibility to heart failure in the adult offspring following transverse aortic constriction. RESULTS In this study, we have analyzed gene expression in neonatal cardiomyocytes after gestational exposure by RNA-sequencing and have identified 300 genes that are dysregulated, including many involved in cardiac metabolism. We subsequently determined that these cardiomyocytes exhibit reduced metabolic activity as measured by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis. We also surveyed for modifications in DNA methylation at global regulatory regions using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and found hypomethylation of DNA in neonatal cardiomyocytes isolated from in utero DE exposed neonates. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that in utero exposure to diesel exhaust alters the neonatal cardiomyocyte transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes, as well as the metabolic capability of these cells. Understanding how exposure alters the developing heart through dysregulation of gene expression, metabolism and DNA methylation is vital for identifying therapeutic interventions for air pollution-related heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Goodson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - James W. MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, USA
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, USA
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael T. Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Seattle, USA
- Tufts Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center and Research Institute, MCRI/CVC, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lina S, Lihong Q, Di Y, Bo Y, Xiaolin L, Jing M. microRNA‐146a and Hey2 form a mutual negative feedback loop to regulate the inflammatory response in chronic apical periodontitis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:645-657. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Lina
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Qiu Lihong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Yang Di
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Yu Bo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Li Xiaolin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| | - Mi Jing
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology China Medical University China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goodson JM, Weldy CS, MacDonald JW, Liu Y, Bammler TK, Chien WM, Chin MT. In utero exposure to diesel exhaust particulates is associated with an altered cardiac transcriptional response to transverse aortic constriction and altered DNA methylation. FASEB J 2017; 31:4935-4945. [PMID: 28751527 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700032r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to diesel exhaust air pollution has been associated with increased adult susceptibility to heart failure in mice, but the mechanisms by which this exposure promotes susceptibility to heart failure are poorly understood. To identify the potential transcriptional effects that mediate this susceptibility, we have performed RNA sequencing analysis on adult hearts from mice that were exposed to diesel exhaust in utero and that have subsequently undergone transverse aortic constriction. We identified 3 target genes, Mir133a-2, Ptprf, and Pamr1, which demonstrate dysregulation after exposure and aortic constriction. Examination of expression patterns in human heart tissues indicates a correlation between expression and heart failure. We subsequently assessed DNA methylation modifications at these candidate loci in neonatal cultured cardiac myocytes after in utero exposure to diesel exhaust and found that the promoter for Mir133a-2 is differentially methylated. These target genes in the heart are the first genes to be identified that likely play an important role in mediating adult sensitivity to heart failure. We have also shown a change in DNA methylation within cardiomyocytes as a result of in utero exposure to diesel exhaust.-Goodson, J. M., Weldy, C. S., MacDonald, J. W., Liu, Y., Bammler, T. K., Chien, W.-M., Chin, M. T. In utero exposure to diesel exhaust particulates is associated with an altered cardiac transcriptional response to transverse aortic constriction and altered DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Goodson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chad S Weldy
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T Chin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qian Y, Xiao D, Guo X, Chen H, Hao L, Ma X, Huang G, Ma D, Wang H. Multiple gene variations contributed to congenital heart disease via GATA family transcriptional regulation. J Transl Med 2017; 15:69. [PMID: 28372585 PMCID: PMC5379520 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common birth defect, and most cases occur sporadically. Mutations in key genes that are responsible for cardiac development could contribute to CHD. To date, the genetic causes of CHD remain largely unknown. Methods In this study, twenty-nine candidate genes in CHD were sequenced in 106 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) using target exome sequencing (TES). The co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed in HEK293T cells, and wild-type and mutant mRNA of ZFPM2 were microinjected into zebrafish embryos. Results Rare variants in key cardiac transcriptional factors and JAG1 were identified in the patients. Four patients carried multiple gene variants. The novel E1148K variant was located at the eighth Zinc-finger domain of FOG2 protein. The CO-IP assays in the HEK293T cells revealed that the variant significantly damaged the interaction between ZFPM2/FOG2 and GATA4. The luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that the E1148K mutant ZFPM2 protein displayed a significantly greater inhibition of the transcriptional activation of GATA4 than the wild-type protein. The wild-type mRNA and the E1148K mutant mRNA of ZFPM2 were injected into zebrafish embryos. At 48 hpf, in the mutant mRNA injection group, the number of embryos with an abnormal cardiac chamber structure and a loss of left–right asymmetry was increased. By 72 hpf, the defects in the chamber and left–right asymmetry became obvious. Conclusions We performed TES in sporadic TOF patients and identified rare variants in candidate genes in CHD. We first validated the E1148 K variant in ZFPM2, which is likely involved in the pathogenesis of CHD via GATA4. Moreover, our results suggest that TES could be a useful tool for discovering sequence variants in CHD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1173-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China. .,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Research Center for Birth Defects, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ji Y, Guo X, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Zhu J, Chen QH, Gui L. CaMKIIδ meditates phenylephrine induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through store-operated Ca 2+ entry. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 27:9-17. [PMID: 27940402 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is involved in the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. The signaling mechanisms of SOCE contributing to cardiac hypertrophy following phenylephrine (PE) stimulation are not fully understood. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) plays an important role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ hemostasis and function in the cardimyocytes. This study is aimed to determine the role of CaMKIIδ in regulating the PE-induced myocardial hypertrophy and the associated molecular signaling mechanisms. We used primary cultures of neonatal cardimyocytes isolated from the left ventricle of Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the effects of CaMKIIδ on myocardial hypertrophy and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. We found that the expression of CaMKIIδ was enhanced in PE-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. CaMKIIδ siRNA, CaMKII inhibitor KN93, and SOCE blocker BTP2 attenuated the increase in the expression of CaMKIIδ and normalized the hypertrophic markers, atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, and size of cardiomyocytes induced by PE stimulation. The protein level of stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1, the essential components of the SOCE, is also enhanced in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, which were normalized by CaMKIIδ siRNA and KN93 treatment. Hypertrophic cardiomyocytes showed an increase in the peak of Ca2+ transient following store depletion, which was inhibited by SOCE blocker BTP2, CaMKIIδ siRNA, and KN93. The Ca2+ currents through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels were increased in PE-treated cardiomyocytes and were attenuated by CaMKIIδ siRNA and KN93. These data indicate that PE-induced myocardial hypertrophy requires a complex signaling pathway that involves activation of both CaMKIIδ and SOCE. In conclusion, these studies reveal that up-regulation of CaMKIIδ may contribute to the PE-induced myocardial hypertrophy through the activation of SOCE expressed in the cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Zhuyun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Jianghua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Le Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Wang Z, Xiao W. MicroRNA-26a protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting GATA4 in rat model and cultured cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2860-6. [PMID: 27485101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by deleterious changes developed in cardiovascular diseases, whereas microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the mediation of cardiac hypertrophy. To investigate the role of microRNA-26a (miR-26a) in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and its functioning mechanisms, overexpression and suppression of miR‑26a via its mimic and inhibitor in a transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAAC)-induced rat model and in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocytes (CMs) was performed. In the rat model, the heart weight (HW) compared with the body weight (BW), the CM area, and expression of the hypertrophy‑associated factors, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and β‑myosin heavy chain (β‑MHC), were assessed. In CMs, the protein synthesis rate was determined using a leucine incorporation assay. Mutation of the GATA‑binding protein 4 (GATA4) 3'‑untranslated region (UTR) and overexpression of GATA4 were performed to confirm whether GATA4 is the target of miR‑26a. The results indicated that miR-26a was significantly downregulated in the heart tissue of the rat model, as well as in Ang II‑induced CMs (P<0.05). The TAAC-induced rat model exhibited a higher HW/BW ratio, a larger CM area, and higher expression levels of ANF and β‑MHC. CMs, upon Ang II treatment, also demonstrated a larger CM area, higher levels of ANF and β‑MHC, as well as accelerated protein synthesis. miR‑26a was not able to regulate GATA4 with mutations in the 3'‑UTR, indicating that GATA4 was the direct target of miR‑26a. Overexpression of GATA4 abrogated the inhibitory functions of miR‑26a in cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, the present study suggested an anti‑hypertrophic role of miR‑26a in cardiac hypertrophy, possibly via inhibition of GATA4. These findings may be useful in terms of facilitating cardiac treatment, with potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui H, Schlesinger J, Schoenhals S, Tönjes M, Dunkel I, Meierhofer D, Cano E, Schulz K, Berger MF, Haack T, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Bulyk ML, Sauer S, Sperling SR. Phosphorylation of the chromatin remodeling factor DPF3a induces cardiac hypertrophy through releasing HEY repressors from DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:2538-53. [PMID: 26582913 PMCID: PMC4824069 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DPF3 (BAF45c) is a member of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. Two isoforms have been described, namely DPF3a and DPF3b. The latter binds to acetylated and methylated lysine residues of histones. Here, we elaborate on the role of DPF3a and describe a novel pathway of cardiac gene transcription leading to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Upon hypertrophic stimuli, casein kinase 2 phosphorylates DPF3a at serine 348. This initiates the interaction of DPF3a with the transcriptional repressors HEY, followed by the release of HEY from the DNA. Moreover, BRG1 is bound by DPF3a, and is thus recruited to HEY genomic targets upon interaction of the two components. Consequently, the transcription of downstream targets such as NPPA and GATA4 is initiated and pathological cardiac hypertrophy is established. In human, DPF3a is significantly up-regulated in hypertrophic hearts of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or aortic stenosis. Taken together, we show that activation of DPF3a upon hypertrophic stimuli switches cardiac fetal gene expression from being silenced by HEY to being activated by BRG1. Thus, we present a novel pathway for pathological cardiac hypertrophy, whose inhibition is a long-term therapeutic goal for the treatment of the course of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Group of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Schlesinger
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany Group of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Schoenhals
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martje Tönjes
- Group of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilona Dunkel
- Group of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Cano
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schulz
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael F Berger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Committee on Higher Degrees in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Timm Haack
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular Biology, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular Biology, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany Potsdam University, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martha L Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Committee on Higher Degrees in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany CU Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke R Sperling
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Group of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
TIEG1 Inhibits Angiotensin II–induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Transcription Factor GATA4. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:196-203. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
16
|
Xue Q, Chen P, Li X, Zhang G, Patterson AJ, Luo J. Maternal High-Fat Diet Causes a Sex-Dependent Increase in AGTR2 Expression and Cardiac Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:49. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
17
|
George RM, Hahn KL, Rawls A, Viger RS, Wilson-Rawls J. Notch signaling represses GATA4-induced expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis. Reproduction 2015; 150:383-94. [PMID: 26183893 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch2 and Notch3 and genes of the Notch signaling network are dynamically expressed in developing follicles, where they are essential for granulosa cell proliferation and meiotic maturation. Notch receptors, ligands, and downstream effector genes are also expressed in testicular Leydig cells, predicting a potential role in regulating steroidogenesis. In this study, we sought to determine if Notch signaling in small follicles regulates the proliferation response of granulosa cells to FSH and represses the up-regulation steroidogenic gene expression that occurs in response to FSH as the follicle grows. Inhibition of Notch signaling in small preantral follicles led to the up-regulation of the expression of genes in the steroid biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, progesterone secretion by MA-10 Leydig cells was significantly inhibited by constitutively active Notch. Together, these data indicated that Notch signaling inhibits steroidogenesis. GATA4 has been shown to be a positive regulator of steroidogenic genes, including STAR protein, P450 aromatase, and 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We observed that Notch downstream effectors HEY1, HEY2, and HEYL are able to differentially regulate these GATA4-dependent promoters. These data are supported by the presence of HEY/HES binding sites in these promoters. These studies indicate that Notch signaling has a role in the complex regulation of the steroidogenic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M George
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Katherine L Hahn
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Alan Rawls
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Robert S Viger
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Jeanne Wilson-Rawls
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Weber D, Heisig J, Kneitz S, Wolf E, Eilers M, Gessler M. Mechanisms of epigenetic and cell-type specific regulation of Hey target genes in ES cells and cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 79:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
19
|
Hartman ME, Liu Y, Zhu WZ, Chien WM, Weldy CS, Fishman GI, Laflamme MA, Chin MT. Myocardial deletion of transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 results in altered myocyte action potential and mild conduction system expansion but does not alter conduction system function or promote spontaneous arrhythmias. FASEB J 2014; 28:3007-15. [PMID: 24687990 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CHF1/Hey2 is a Notch-responsive basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in cardiac development. Common variants in Hey2 are associated with Brugada syndrome. We hypothesized that absence of CHF1/Hey2 would result in abnormal cellular electrical activity, altered cardiac conduction system (CCS) development, and increased arrhythmogenesis. We isolated neonatal CHF/Hey2-knockout (KO) cardiac myocytes and measured action potentials and ion channel subunit gene expression. We also crossed myocardial-specific CHF1/Hey2-KO mice with cardiac conduction system LacZ reporter mice and stained for conduction system tissue. We also performed ambulatory ECG monitoring for arrhythmias and heart rate variability. Neonatal cardiomyocytes from CHF1/Hey2-KO mice demonstrate a 50% reduction in action potential dV/dT, a 50-75% reduction in SCN5A, KCNJ2, and CACNA1C ion channel subunit gene expression, and an increase in delayed afterdepolarizations from 0/min to 12/min. CHF1/Hey2 cKO CCS-lacZ mice have a ∼3-fold increase in amount of CCS tissue. Ambulatory ECG monitoring showed no difference in cardiac conduction, arrhythmias, or heart rate variability. Wild-type cells or animals were used in all experiments. CHF1/Hey2 may contribute to Brugada syndrome by influencing the expression of SCN5A and formation of the cardiac conduction system, but its absence does not cause baseline conduction defects or arrhythmias in the adult mouse.-Hartman, M. E., Liu, Y., Zhu, W.-Z., Chien, W.-M., Weldy, C. S., Fishman, G. I., Laflamme, M. A., Chin, M. T. Myocardial deletion of transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 results in altered myocyte action potential and mild conduction system expansion but does not alter conduction system function or promote spontaneous arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Wei-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; and
| | | | - Chad S Weldy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; and
| | - Michael T Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Hey bHLH transcription factors are direct targets of canonical Notch signaling. The three mammalian Hey proteins are closely related to Hes proteins and they primarily repress target genes by either directly binding to core promoters or by inhibiting other transcriptional activators. Individual candidate gene approaches and systematic screens identified a number of Hey target genes, which often encode other transcription factors involved in various developmental processes. Here, we review data on interaction partners and target genes and conclude with a model for Hey target gene regulation. Furthermore, we discuss how expression of Hey proteins affects processes like cell fate decisions and differentiation, e.g., in cardiovascular, skeletal, and neural development or oncogenesis and how this relates to the observed developmental defects and phenotypes observed in various knockout mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Weber
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiese
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Chien WM, Medvedev IO, Weldy CS, Luchtel DL, Rosenfeld ME, Chin MT. Inhalation of diesel exhaust does not exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure in two mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:49. [PMID: 24093778 PMCID: PMC3851491 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong associations have been observed between exposure to fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In particular, exposure to traffic related PM2.5 has been associated with increases in left ventricular hypertrophy, a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. As much of traffic related PM2.5 is derived from diesel exhaust (DE), we investigated the effects of chronic DE exposure on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the adult mouse by exposing mice to DE combined with either of two mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy: angiotensin II infusion or pressure overload induced by transverse aortic banding. Methods Wild type male C57BL/6 J mice were either infused with angiotensin II (800 ng/kg/min) via osmotic minipump implanted subcutaneously for 1 month, or underwent transverse aortic banding (27 gauge needle 1 week for observing acute reactions, 26 gauge needle 3 months or 6 months for observing chronic reactions). Vehicle (saline) infusion or sham surgery was used as a control. Shortly after surgery, mice were transferred to our exposure facility and randomly assigned to either diesel exhaust (300 or 400 μg/m3) or filtered air exposures. After reaching the end of designated time points, echocardiography was performed to measure heart structure and function. Gravimetric analysis was used to measure the ventricular weight to body weight ratio. We also measured heart rate by telemetry using implanted ambulatory ECG monitors. Results Both angiotensin II and transverse aortic banding promoted cardiac hypertrophy compared to vehicle or sham controls. Transverse aortic banding for six months also promoted heart failure in addition to cardiac hypertrophy. In all cases, DE failed to exacerbate the development of hypertrophy or heart failure when compared to filtered air controls. Prolonged DE exposure also led to a decrease in average heart rate. Conclusions Up to 6-months of DE exposure had no effect on cardiac hypertrophy and heart function induced by angiotensin II stimulation or pressure overload in adult C57BL/6 J mice. This study highlights the potential importance of particle constituents of ambient PM2.5 to elicit cardiotoxic effects. Further investigations on particle constituents and cardiotoxicity are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Diniz GP, Takano AP, Barreto-Chaves MLM. MiRNA-208a and miRNA-208b are triggered in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy - role of type 1 Angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) on miRNA-208a/α-MHC modulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 374:117-24. [PMID: 23623871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism promotes cardiac hypertrophy and the Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) has been demonstrated to mediate part of this response. Recent studies have uncovered a potentially important role for the microRNAs (miRNAs) in the control of diverse aspects of cardiac function. Then, the objective of the present study was to investigate the action promoted by hyperthyroidism on β-MHC/miR-208b expression and on α-MHC/miR-208a expression, as well as the possible contribution of the AT1R in this event. The findings of this study confirmed that AT1R is a key mediator of the cardiac hypertrophy induced by hyperthyroidism. Additionally, we demonstrated that like β-MHC, miR-208b was down-regulated in the hyperthyroid group. Similarly, like the expression of its host gene, α-MHC, miR-208a expression was up-regulated in response to hyperthyroidism. Finally, our data suggest for the first time that AT1R mediates the hyperthyroidism-induced increase on cardiac miRNA-208a/α-MHC levels, while does not influence on the reduction of miRNA-208b/β-MHC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Placoná Diniz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kohli S, Ahuja S, Rani V. Transcription factors in heart: promising therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 7:262-71. [PMID: 22758628 PMCID: PMC3322445 DOI: 10.2174/157340311799960618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is central to cell growth, differentiation and diseases. Context specific and signal dependent regulation of gene expression is achieved to a large part by transcription factors. Cardiac transcription factors regulate heart development and are also involved in stress regulation of the adult heart, which may lead to cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes is an outcome of the imbalance between prohypertrophic factors and anti-hypertrophic factors. This is initially a compensatory mechanism but sustained hypertrophy may lead to heart failure. The growing knowledge of transcriptional control mechanisms is helpful in the development of novel therapies. This review summarizes the role of cardiac transcription factors in cardiac hypertrophy, emphasizing their potential as attractive therapeutic targets to prevent the onset of heart failure and sudden death as they can be converging targets for current therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kohli
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, NOIDA 210307, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou M, Yan J, Ma Z, Zhou Y, Abbood NN, Liu J, Su L, Jia H, Guo AY. Comparative and evolutionary analysis of the HES/HEY gene family reveal exon/intron loss and teleost specific duplication events. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40649. [PMID: 22808219 PMCID: PMC3396596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HES/HEY genes encode a family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors with both bHLH and Orange domain. HES/HEY proteins are direct targets of the Notch signaling pathway and play an essential role in developmental decisions, such as the developments of nervous system, somitogenesis, blood vessel and heart. Despite their important functions, the origin and evolution of this HES/HEY gene family has yet to be elucidated. Methods and Findings In this study, we identified genes of the HES/HEY family in representative species and performed evolutionary analysis to elucidate their origin and evolutionary process. Our results showed that the HES/HEY genes only existed in metazoans and may originate from the common ancestor of metazoans. We identified HES/HEY genes in more than 10 species representing the main lineages. Combining the bHLH and Orange domain sequences, we constructed the phylogenetic trees by different methods (Bayesian, ML, NJ and ME) and classified the HES/HEY gene family into four groups. Our results indicated that this gene family had undergone three expansions, which were along with the origins of Eumetazoa, vertebrate, and teleost. Gene structure analysis revealed that the HES/HEY genes were involved in exon and/or intron loss in different species lineages. Genes of this family were duplicated in bony fishes and doubled than other vertebrates. Furthermore, we studied the teleost-specific duplications in zebrafish and investigated the expression pattern of duplicated genes in different tissues by RT-PCR. Finally, we proposed a model to show the evolution of this gene family with processes of expansion, exon/intron loss, and motif loss. Conclusions Our study revealed the evolution of HES/HEY gene family, the expression and function divergence of duplicated genes, which also provide clues for the research of Notch function in development. This study shows a model of gene family analysis with gene structure evolution and duplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nibras Najm Abbood
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (A-YG) (HJ); (HJ) (AG)
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Sino-France Laboratory for Drug Screening, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (A-YG) (HJ); (HJ) (AG)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Korte FS, Moussavi-Harami F, Yu M, Razumova M, Regnier M, Chin MT. Transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 regulates EC coupling and heart failure in mice through regulation of FKBP12.6. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1860-70. [PMID: 22408025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00702.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. The cardiovascular transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 has been linked to experimental heart failure in mice, but the mechanisms by which it regulates myocardial function remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine how CHF1/Hey2 affects development of heart failure through examination of contractility in a myocardial knockout mouse model. We generated myocardial-specific knockout mice. At baseline, cardiac function was normal, but, after aortic banding, the conditional knockout mice demonstrated a greater increase in ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio compared with control mice (5.526 vs. 4.664 mg/g) and a significantly decreased ejection fraction (47.8 vs. 72.0% control). Isolated cardiac myocytes from these mice showed decreased calcium transients and fractional shortening after electrical stimulation. To determine the molecular basis for these alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, we first measured total sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores and calcium-dependent force generation in isolated muscle fibers, which were normal, suggesting a defect in calcium cycling. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated normal expression of most genes known to be involved in myocardial calcium cycling, with the exception of the ryanodine receptor binding protein FKBP12.6, which was expressed at increased levels in the conditional knockout hearts. Treatment of the isolated knockout myocytes with FK506, which inhibits the association of FKBP12.6 with the ryanodine receptor, restored contractile function. These findings demonstrate that conditional deletion of CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium leads to abnormalities in calcium handling mediated by FKBP12.6 that predispose to pressure overload-induced heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rosc-Schlüter BI, Häuselmann SP, Lorenz V, Mochizuki M, Facciotti F, Pfister O, Kuster GM. NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species are crucial for CD29-induced pro-survival signalling in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:454-62. [PMID: 22198504 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The highly expressed cell adhesion receptor CD29 (β(1)-integrin) is essential for cardiomyocyte growth and survival, and its loss of function causes severe heart disease. However, CD29-induced signalling in cardiomyocytes is ill defined and may involve reactive oxygen species (ROS). A decisive source of cardiac ROS is the abundant NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoform NOX2. Because understanding of NOX-derived ROS in the heart is still poor, we sought to test the role of ROS and NOX in CD29-induced survival signalling in cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, CD29 activation induced intracellular ROS formation (oxidative burst) as assessed by flow cytometry using the redox-sensitive fluorescent dye dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. This burst was inhibited by apocynin and diphenylene iodonium. Further, activation of CD29 enhanced NOX activity (lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) and activated the MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt survival pathways. CD29 also induced phosphorylation of the inhibitory Ser9 on the pro-apoptotic kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β in a PI3K/Akt- and MEK-dependent manner, and improved cardiomyocyte viability under conditions of oxidative stress. The ROS scavenger MnTMPyP or adenoviral co-overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited CD29-induced pro-survival signalling. Further, CD29-induced protective pathways were lost in mouse cardiomyocytes deficient for NOX2 or functional p47(phox), a regulatory subunit of NOX. CONCLUSION p47(phox)-dependent, NOX2-derived ROS are mandatory for CD29-induced pro-survival signalling in cardiomyocytes. These findings go in line with a growing body of evidence suggesting that ROS can be beneficial to the cell and support a crucial role for NOX2-derived ROS in cell survival in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berit I Rosc-Schlüter
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu L, Chien WM, Hartman ME, Moussavi-Harami F, Liu Y, Chin MT. Regulation of MMP10 expression by the transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 is mediated by multiple E boxes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 415:662-8. [PMID: 22079635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular restricted bHLH transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 has been reported to play an important role in regulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype and gene expression, but the downstream target genes that mediate these effects have not been completely elucidated. We have previously found that loss of CHF1/Hey2 in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to dysregulated expression of the matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP10 after treatment with PDGF. Here we report that loss or knockdown of CHF1/Hey2 in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to increased expression and activity of MMP10 at baseline, suggesting a direct effect of CHF1/Hey2 on MMP10 promoter regulation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of CHF1/Hey2 on a 2.5 kb MMP10 promoter region upstream of the transcriptional start site. We found that this region contains multiple elements including 12 E-boxes that mediate constitutive activity and repression by CHF1/Hey2 in 293T cells and A7r5 smooth muscle cells. Surprisingly, mutation of these E-boxes not only abolished CHF1/Hey2 repression, but also diminished constitutive expression. In addition, we observed that some of these mutations unmasked an activator function for CHF1/Hey2, which has not been previously described. These findings support the hypothesis that CHF1/Hey2 is an important regulator of MMP10 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Differential role of Nkx2-5 in activation of the atrial natriuretic factor gene in the developing versus failing heart. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:4633-45. [PMID: 21930795 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05940-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is abundantly expressed in atrial cardiomyocytes throughout ontogeny and in ventricular cardiomyocytes in the developing heart. However, during cardiac failure and hypertrophy, ANF expression can reappear in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. The transcription factor Nkx2-5 is one of the major transactivators of the ANF gene in the developing heart. We identified Nkx2-5 binding at three 5' regulatory elements (kb -34, -31, and -21) and at the proximal ANF promoter by ChIP assay using neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. 3C analysis revealed close proximity between the distal elements and the promoter region. A 5.8-kb fragment consisting of these elements transactivated a reporter gene in vivo recapitulating endogenous ANF expression, which was markedly reduced in tamoxifen-inducible Nkx2-5 gene knockout mice. However, expression of a reporter gene was increased and expanded toward the outer compact layer in the absence of the transcription repressor Hey2, similar to endogenous ANF expression. Functional Nkx2-5 and Hey2 binding sites separated by 59 bp were identified in the -34 kb element in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In adult hearts, this fragment did not respond to pressure overload, and ANF was induced in the absence of Nkx2-5. These results demonstrate that Nkx2-5 and its responsive cis-regulatory DNA elements are essential for ANF expression selectively in the developing heart.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu M, Xiang F, Beyer RP, Farin FM, Bammler TK, Chin MT. Transcription Factor CHF1/Hey2 Regulates Specific Pathways in Serum Stimulated Primary Cardiac Myocytes: Implications for Cardiac Hypertrophy. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:287-96. [PMID: 21119893 PMCID: PMC2930668 DOI: 10.2174/138920210791233117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that overexpression of CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium prevents the development of phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy. To identify transcriptional pathways regulated by CHF1/Hey2, we cultured primary neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes from wild type and transgenic mice overexpressing CHF1/Hey2 and treated them with serum, a potent hypertrophic stimulus. We verified that overexpression of CHF1/Hey2 suppressed cardiac myocyte hypertrophy induced by serum and then determined transcriptional profiles by microarray hybridization. We identified and verified important downstream target genes by single gene analysis and qRT-PCR and then identified important biological processes by Gene Set Analysis using Biological Process Gene Sets from the Gene Ontology Consortium. We found that CHF1/Hey2 suppresses pathways involved in water transport, adenylate cyclase activity, embryonic eye morphogenesis, gut development and fluid transport after serum stimulation. Genes involved in protein dephosphorylation, demonstrate increased expression in myocytes overexpressing CHF1/Hey2, independent of serum treatment. Genes overexpressed prior to serum treatment are involved in regulation of transcription factor activity, nuclear protein export and steroid hormone receptor signaling. Genes overexpressed after serum treatment are involved in autophagy, apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Hiroi Y, Ngoy S, Okamoto R, Noma K, Wang CY, Wang HW, Zhou Q, Radtke F, Liao R, Liao JK. Notch1 in bone marrow-derived cells mediates cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2011; 123:866-76. [PMID: 21321153 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.947531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signaling mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells to the injured heart are not well known. Notch receptors mediate binary cell fate determination and may regulate the function of BM-derived cells. However, it is not known whether Notch1 signaling in BM-derived cells mediates cardiac repair after myocardial injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with postnatal cardiac-specific deletion of Notch1 exhibit infarct size and heart function after ischemic injury that is similar to that of control mice. However, mice with global hemizygous deletion of Notch1 (N1(±)) developed larger infarct size and worsening heart function. When the BM of N1(±) mice were transplanted into wild-type (WT) mice, infarct size and heart function were worsened and neovascularization in the infarct border area was reduced compared with WT mice transplanted with WT BM. In contrast, transplantation of WT BM into N1(±) mice lessened the myocardial injury observed in N1(±) mice. Indeed, hemizygous deletion of Notch1 in BM-derived cells leads to decreased recruitment, proliferation, and survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Compared with WT MSC, injection of N1(±) MSC into the infarcted heart leads to increased myocardial injury whereas injection of MSC overexpressing Notch intracellular domain leads to decreased infarct size and improved cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Notch1 signaling in BM-derived cells is critical for cardiac repair and suggest that strategies that increase Notch1 signaling in BM-derived MSC could have therapeutic benefits in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barry SP, Townsend PA. What causes a broken heart--molecular insights into heart failure. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 284:113-79. [PMID: 20875630 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)84003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular processes which regulate cardiac function has grown immeasurably in recent years. Even with the advent of β-blockers, angiotensin inhibitors and calcium modulating agents, heart failure (HF) still remains a seriously debilitating and life-threatening condition. Here, we review the molecular changes which occur in the heart in response to increased load and the pathways which control cardiac hypertrophy, calcium homeostasis, and immune activation during HF. These can occur as a result of genetic mutation in the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or as a result of ischemic or hypertensive heart disease. In the majority of cases, calcineurin and CaMK respond to dysregulated calcium signaling and adrenergic drive is increased, each of which has a role to play in controlling blood pressure, heart rate, and left ventricular function. Many major pathways for pathological remodeling converge on a set of transcriptional regulators such as myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), and GATA4 and these are opposed by the action of the natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP. Epigenetic modification has emerged in recent years as a major influence cardiac physiology and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are now known to both induce and antagonize hypertrophic growth. The newly emerging roles of microRNAs in regulating left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis also has great potential for novel therapeutic intervention. Finally, we discuss the role of the immune system in mediating left ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis and ways this can be targeted in the setting of viral myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seán P Barry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ng SY, Wong CK, Tsang SY. Differential gene expressions in atrial and ventricular myocytes: insights into the road of applying embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for future therapies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C1234-49. [PMID: 20844252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00402.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries over the past few decades. The transplantation of cardiomyocytes offers a potential method of treatment. However, cardiomyocytes are in high demand and their supply is extremely limited. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which have been isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, can self-renew and are pluripotent, meaning they have the ability to develop into any type of cell, including cardiomyocytes. This suggests that ESCs could be a good source of genuine cardiomyocytes for future therapeutic purposes. However, problems with the yield and purity of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, among other hurdles for the therapeutic application of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes (e.g., potential immunorejection and tumor formation problems), need to be overcome before these cells can be used effectively for cell replacement therapy. ESC-derived cardiomyocytes consist of nodal, atrial, and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Specifically, for treatment of myocardial infarction, transplantation of a sufficient quantity of ventricular cardiomyocytes, rather than nodal or atrial cardiomyocytes, is preferred. Hence, it is important to find ways of increasing the yield and purity of specific types of cardiomyocytes. Atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes have differential expression of genes (transcription factors, structural proteins, ion channels, etc.) and are functionally distinct. This paper presents a thorough review of differential gene expression in atrial and ventricular myocytes, their expression throughout development, and their regulation. An understanding of the molecular and functional differences between atrial and ventricular myocytes allows discussion of potential strategies for preferentially directing ESCs to differentiate into chamber-specific cells, or for fine tuning the ESC-derived cardiomyocytes into specific electrical and contractile phenotypes resembling chamber-specific cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ying Ng
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu Y, Yu M, Wu L, Chin MT. The bHLH transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 regulates susceptibility to apoptosis and heart failure after pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H2082-92. [PMID: 20382855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00747.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common response to hemodynamic stress in the heart and can progress to heart failure. To investigate whether the transcription factor cardiovascular basic helix-loop-helix factor 1/hairy/enhancer of split related with YRPW motif 2 (CHF1/Hey2) influences the development of cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure under conditions of pressure overload, we performed aortic constriction on 12-wk-old male wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (HET) mice globally underexpressing CHF1/Hey2. After aortic banding, WT and HET mice showed increased cardiac hypertrophy as measured by gravimetric analysis, as expected. CHF1/Hey2 HET mice, however, demonstrated a greater increase in the ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio compared with WT mice (P < 0.05). Echocardiographic measurements showed a significantly decreased ejection fraction compared with WT mice (P < 0.05). Histological examination of Masson trichrome-stained heart tissue demonstrated extensive fibrosis in HET mice compared with WT mice. TUNEL staining demonstrated increased apoptosis in HET hearts (P < 0.05). Exposure of cultured neonatal myocytes from WT and HET mice to H(2)O(2) and tunicamycin, known inducers of apoptosis that work through different mechanisms, demonstrated significantly increased apoptosis in HET cells compared with WT cells (P < 0.05). Expression of Bid, a downstream activator of the mitochondrial death pathway, was expressed in HET hearts at increased levels after aortic banding. Expression of GATA4, a transcriptional activator of cardiac hypertrophy, was also increased in HET hearts, as was phosphorylation of GATA4 at Ser(105). Our findings demonstrate that CHF1/Hey2 expression levels influence hypertrophy and the progression to heart failure in response to pressure overload through modulation of apoptosis and GATA4 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wiese C, Heisig J, Gessler M. Hey bHLH factors in cardiovascular development. Pediatr Cardiol 2010; 31:363-70. [PMID: 20033145 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-009-9609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is now firmly established as a key signaling system for embryonic cardiovascular development as well as some adult pathologies in vertebrates. We have identified Hey bHLH transcriptional repressors as critical, but partly redundant transducers of these signals. Hey proteins control cardiomyocyte differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of endocardial cells, and a number of key features of arterial endothelial cells with corresponding defects in knockout mice. While most of the phenotypes are described in embryonic development, there is increasing evidence for additional adult pathologies. Despite the functional importance of Hey proteins little is still known about their molecular targets and interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Wiese
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institut fuer Biowissenschaften/Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu M, Liu Y, Xiang F, Li Y, Cullen D, Liao R, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Chin MT. CHF1/Hey2 promotes physiological hypertrophy in response to pressure overload through selective repression and activation of specific transcriptional pathways. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 13:501-11. [PMID: 20001863 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2009.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found that CHF1/Hey2 prevents the development of phenylephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy. To determine the role of CHF1/Hey2 in pressure overload hypertrophy, we performed ascending aortic banding on wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium. We found that both wild-type and transgenic mice developed increased ventricular weight to body weight ratios 1 week after aortic banding. Wild-type mice also developed decreased fractional shortening after 1 week when compared to preoperative echocardiograms and sham-operated controls. Transgenic mice, in comparison, demonstrated preserved fractional shortening. Histological examination of explanted heart tissue demonstrated extensive fibrosis in wild-type hearts, but minimal fibrosis in transgenic hearts. TUNEL staining demonstrated increased apoptosis in the wild-type hearts but not in the transgenic hearts. Exposure of cultured neonatal myocytes from wild-type and transgenic animals to hydrogen peroxide, a potent inducer of apoptosis, demonstrated increased apoptosis in the wild-type cells. Gene Set Analysis of microarray data from wild-type and transgenic hearts 1 week after banding revealed suppression and activation of multiple pathways involving apoptosis, cell signaling, and biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that CHF1/Hey2 promotes physiological over pathological hypertrophy through suppression of apoptosis and regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways. These findings also suggest that CHF1/Hey2 and its downstream pathways provide a variety of targets for novel heart failure drug discovery, and that genetic polymorphisms in CHF1/Hey2 may affect susceptibility to hypertrophy and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Miazga CM, McLaughlin KA. Coordinating the timing of cardiac precursor development during gastrulation: A new role for Notch signaling. Dev Biol 2009; 333:285-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
37
|
Seewald MJ, Ellinghaus P, Kassner A, Stork I, Barg M, Niebrügge S, Golz S, Summer H, Zweigerdt R, Schräder EM, Feicht S, Jaquet K, Reis S, Körfer R, Milting H. Genomic profiling of developing cardiomyocytes from recombinant murine embryonic stem cells reveals regulation of transcription factor clusters. Physiol Genomics 2009; 38:7-15. [PMID: 19293330 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.90287.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) have the advantage of providing a source for standardized cell cultures. However, little is known on the regulation of the genome during differentiation of ESC to cardiomyocytes. Here, we characterize the transcriptome of the mouse ESC line CM7/1 during differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes and compare the gene expression profiles with those from primary adult murine cardiomyocytes and left ventricular myocardium. We observe that the cardiac gene expression pattern of fully differentiated CM7/1-ESC is highly similar to adult primary cardiomyocytes and murine myocardium, respectively. This finding is underlined by demonstrating pharmacological effects of catecholamines and endothelin-1 on ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we monitor the temporal changes in gene expression pattern during ESC differentiation with a special focus on transcription factors involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Thus, CM7/1-ESC-derived cardiomyocytes are a promising new tool for functional studies of cardiomyocytes in vitro and for the analysis of the transcription factor network regulating pluripotency and differentiation to cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Seewald
- Department of Target Discovery, Bayer Healthcare AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Croquelois A, Domenighetti AA, Nemir M, Lepore M, Rosenblatt-Velin N, Radtke F, Pedrazzini T. Control of the adaptive response of the heart to stress via the Notch1 receptor pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:3173-85. [PMID: 19064701 PMCID: PMC2605223 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the damaged heart, cardiac adaptation relies primarily on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The recent discovery of cardiac stem cells in the postnatal heart, however, suggests that these cells could participate in the response to stress via their capacity to regenerate cardiac tissues. Using models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure, we demonstrate that components of the Notch pathway are up-regulated in the hypertrophic heart. The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved cell-to-cell communication system, which is crucial in many developmental processes. Notch also plays key roles in the regenerative capacity of self-renewing organs. In the heart, Notch1 signaling takes place in cardiomyocytes and in mesenchymal cardiac precursors and is activated secondary to stimulated Jagged1 expression on the surface of cardiomyocytes. Using mice lacking Notch1 expression specifically in the heart, we show that the Notch1 pathway controls pathophysiological cardiac remodeling. In the absence of Notch1, cardiac hypertrophy is exacerbated, fibrosis develops, function is altered, and the mortality rate increases. Therefore, in cardiomyocytes, Notch controls maturation, limits the extent of the hypertrophic response, and may thereby contribute to cell survival. In cardiac precursors, Notch prevents cardiogenic differentiation, favors proliferation, and may facilitate the expansion of a transient amplifying cell compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Croquelois
- Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Functional role of Notch signaling in the developing and postnatal heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:495-504. [PMID: 18410944 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.02.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the developing heart, Notch signaling plays an essential role in several key developmental processes, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and myocyte proliferation and differentiation. The importance of Notch in cardiac development has been demonstrated in knockout mice carrying null mutations in genes encoding components of the Notch pathway. Furthermore, humans with inactivating mutations in the Notch ligand Jagged1 suffer from Alagille syndrome, a condition characterized by several cardiac defects. Notch1 receptor haploinsufficiency has also been involved in aortic valve disease in humans. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that Notch may also regulate homeostasis in the adult heart. Notch may protect the heart from an excessive and detrimental hypertrophic response and increase cardiomyocyte survival. Emerging evidence also suggests that Notch could be important for cardiac tissue renewal by controlling the maintenance and commitment of a cardiac stem cell compartment.
Collapse
|
40
|
Li S, Mark S, Radde-Gallwitz K, Schlisner R, Chin MT, Chen P. Hey2 functions in parallel with Hes1 and Hes5 for mammalian auditory sensory organ development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:20. [PMID: 18302773 PMCID: PMC2277407 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During mouse development, the precursor cells that give rise to the auditory sensory organ, the organ of Corti, are specified prior to embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). Subsequently, the sensory domain is patterned precisely into one row of inner and three rows of outer sensory hair cells interdigitated with supporting cells. Both the restriction of the sensory domain and the patterning of the sensory mosaic of the organ of Corti involve Notch-mediated lateral inhibition and cellular rearrangement characteristic of convergent extension. This study explores the expression and function of a putative Notch target gene. RESULTS We report that a putative Notch target gene, hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional factor Hey2, is expressed in the cochlear epithelium prior to terminal differentiation. Its expression is subsequently restricted to supporting cells, overlapping with the expression domains of two known Notch target genes, Hairy and enhancer of split homolog genes Hes1 and Hes5. In combination with the loss of Hes1 or Hes5, genetic inactivation of Hey2 leads to increased numbers of mis-patterned inner or outer hair cells, respectively. Surprisingly, the ectopic hair cells in Hey2 mutants are accompanied by ectopic supporting cells. Furthermore, Hey2-/-;Hes1-/- and Hey2-/-;Hes1+/- mutants show a complete penetrance of early embryonic lethality. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Hey2 functions in parallel with Hes1 and Hes5 in patterning the organ of Corti, and interacts genetically with Hes1 for early embryonic development and survival. Our data implicates expansion of the progenitor pool and/or the boundaries of the developing sensory organ to account for patterning defects observed in Hey2 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangding Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sharayne Mark
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Schlisner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael T Chin
- University of Washington School of Medicine at SLU, 815 Mercer Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
High FA, Epstein JA. The multifaceted role of Notch in cardiac development and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2008; 9:49-61. [PMID: 18071321 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors and their cognate ligands transduce crucial signals between cells in various tissues, and have been conserved across millions of years of evolution. Mutations in Notch signalling components result in congenital heart defects in humans and mice, demonstrating an essential role for Notch in cardiovascular development. The results of recent experiments implicate this signalling pathway in many stages of heart development, and provide mechanistic insight into the vital functions of Notch in the aetiology of several common forms of paediatric and adult cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances A High
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Roche AE, Bassett BJ, Samant SA, Hong W, Blobel GA, Svensson EC. The zinc finger and C-terminal domains of MTA proteins are required for FOG-2-mediated transcriptional repression via the NuRD complex. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 44:352-60. [PMID: 18067919 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 10/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
FOG-2 is a transcriptional co-regulator that is required for cardiac morphogenesis as mice deficient in this factor die during mid-gestation of cardiac malformations. FOG-2 interacts with GATA4 to attenuate GATA4-dependent gene expression. The first 12 amino acids of FOG-2 (the FOG Repression Motif) are necessary to mediate this repression. To determine the mechanism by which the FOG Repression Motif functions, we identified 7 polypeptides from rat cardiac nuclear extracts that co-purified with a GST-FOG-2 fusion protein. All proteins identified are members of the NuRD nucleosome remodeling complex. Using in vitro binding and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that Metastasis-Associated proteins (MTA)-1, 2 and 3 and Retinoblastoma binding proteins RbAp46 and RbAp48 interact with FOG-2, but not with a mutant form of FOG-2 that is unable to repress transcription. Furthermore, we define a novel domain located in the C-terminal portion of MTA-1 that mediates the FOG-2/MTA-1 interaction. We also demonstrate that knockdown of MTA protein expression dramatically impairs the ability of FOG-2 to repress GATA4 activity. Finally, we show that the zinc finger domain of MTA-1 is required for FOG-2-mediated transcriptional repression and that this domain interacts with RbAp46 and RbAp48 subunits of the NuRD complex. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of FOG-2/MTA/RbAp interactions for FOG-2-mediated transcriptional repression and further define the molecular interactions between the FOG Repression Motif and the NuRD complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Roche
- The Committee on Developmental Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fischer A, Gessler M. Delta-Notch--and then? Protein interactions and proposed modes of repression by Hes and Hey bHLH factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:4583-96. [PMID: 17586813 PMCID: PMC1950541 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hes and Hey genes are the mammalian counterparts of the Hairy and Enhancer-of-split type of genes in Drosophila and they represent the primary targets of the Delta–Notch signaling pathway. Hairy-related factors control multiple steps of embryonic development and misregulation is associated with various defects. Hes and Hey genes (also called Hesr, Chf, Hrt, Herp or gridlock) encode transcriptional regulators of the basic helix-loop-helix class that mainly act as repressors. The molecular details of how Hes and Hey proteins control transcription are still poorly understood, however. Proposed modes of action include direct binding to N- or E-box DNA sequences of target promoters as well as indirect binding through other sequence-specific transcription factors or sequestration of transcriptional activators. Repression may rely on recruitment of corepressors and induction of histone modifications, or even interference with the general transcriptional machinery. All of these models require extensive protein–protein interactions. Here we review data published on protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions of Hairy-related factors and discuss their implications for transcriptional regulation. In addition, we summarize recent progress on the identification of potential target genes and the analysis of mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Gessler
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed.+49 931 888 4158+49 931 888 4150
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Koibuchi N, Chin MT. CHF1/Hey2 plays a pivotal role in left ventricular maturation through suppression of ectopic atrial gene expression. Circ Res 2007; 100:850-5. [PMID: 17332425 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000261693.13269.bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that mice lacking the hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 develop a thin-walled left ventricle. To explore the basis for this phenotype, we examined regional gene expression patterns in the developing myocardium. We found that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which is normally expressed in the atria and trabeculae and is restricted from the developing compact myocardium beginning at embryonic day 13.5, is persistently expressed in the left ventricular compact myocardium of the knockout animals. We also examined the expression pattern of the T-box transcription factor Tbx5, a known regulator of ANF, and an additional Tbx5-dependent gene, connexin 40 (Cx40), both of which share a similar expression pattern to ANF during development. Tbx5 and Cx40 were similarly expressed ectopically in the compact myocardium of the CHF1/Hey2 knockout mouse. The atrial contractile genes mlc1a and mlc2a were also expressed ectopically in the left ventricular compact myocardium, providing evidence for a general dysregulation of atrial gene expression. Crossing of a myocardial-specific CHF1/Hey2 transgenic mouse with the knockouts led to rescue of the thin-walled myocardial phenotype and restoration of the normal patterns of gene expression. Myocardial cell proliferation, which has been shown previously to be suppressed by Tbx5, was also decreased in the knockout mice and rescued by the transgene. Our findings suggest that CHF1/Hey2 suppresses atrial identity in the left ventricular compact myocardium, facilitates myocardial proliferation by suppressing Tbx5, and thereby promotes proper ventricular myocardial maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Vascular Medicine Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shirvani SM, Mookanamparambil L, Ramoni MF, Chin MT. Transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 regulates the global transcriptional response to platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Physiol Genomics 2007; 30:61-8. [PMID: 17327490 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00277.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular restricted transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 has been previously shown to regulate the smooth muscle response to growth factors. To determine how CHF1/Hey2 affects the smooth muscle response to growth factors, we performed a genomic screen for transcripts that are differentially expressed in wild-type and knockout smooth muscle cells after stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor. We screened 45,101 probes representing >39,000 transcripts derived from at least 34,000 genes, at eight different time points. We analyzed the expression data utilizing an algorithm based on Bayesian statistics to derive the best polynomial clustering model to fit the expression data. We found that in a total of 9,827 transcripts the normalized ratio of knockout to wild-type expression diverged more than threefold from baseline in at least one time point, and these transcripts separated into 17 distinct clusters. Further analysis of each cluster revealed distinct alterations in gene expression patterns for immediate early genes, transcription factors, matrix metalloproteinases, signaling molecules, and other molecules important in vascular biology. Our findings demonstrate that CHF1/Hey2 profoundly affects vascular smooth muscle phenotype by altering both the absolute expression level of a variety of genes and the kinetics of growth factor-induced gene expression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shervin M Shirvani
- Vascular Medicine Research, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|