1
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Milivojac T, Grabež M, Krivokuća A, Maličević U, Gajić Bojić M, Đukanović Đ, Uletilović S, Mandić-Kovačević N, Cvjetković T, Barudžija M, Vojinović N, Šmitran A, Amidžić L, Stojiljković MP, Čolić M, Mikov M, Škrbić R. Ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids attenuate systemic and liver inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04994-2. [PMID: 38578526 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces general inflammation, by activating pathways involving cytokine production, blood coagulation, complement system activation, and acute phase protein release. The key cellular players are leukocytes and endothelial cells, that lead to tissue injury and organ failure. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties of two bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats. The experiment involved six distinct groups of Wistar rats, each subjected to different pretreatment conditions: control and LPS groups were pretreated with propylene glycol, as a bile acid solvent, while the other groups were pretreated with UDCA or CDCA for 10 days followed by an LPS injection on day 10. The results showed that both UDCA and CDCA reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-1β and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS. In addition, pretreatment with these bile acids showed a positive impact on lipid profiles, a decrease in ICAM levels, an increase in antioxidant activity (SOD, |CAT, GSH), and a decrease in prooxidant markers (H2O2 and O2-). Furthermore, both bile acids alleviated LPS-induced liver injury. While UDCA and CDCA pretreatment attenuated homocysteine levels in LPS-treated rats, only UDCA pretreatment showed reductions in other serum biochemical markers, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and high-sensitivity troponin I. It can be concluded that both, UDCA and CDCA, although exerted slightly different effects, can prevent the inflammatory responses induced by LPS, improve oxidative stress status, and attenuate LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Milivojac
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Grabež
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Krivokuća
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - U Maličević
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Gajić Bojić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Đ Đukanović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Uletilović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Mandić-Kovačević
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - T Cvjetković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Barudžija
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Vojinović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Šmitran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lj Amidžić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M P Stojiljković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - R Škrbić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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2
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Wang A, Guan B, Zhang H, Xu H. Danger-associated metabolites trigger metaflammation: A crowbar in cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106983. [PMID: 37931790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are characterized by a series of metabolic disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation. CMDs contribute to a high burden of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Host-microbial metabolic regulation that triggers metaflammation is an emerging field of study that promotes a new perspective for perceiving cardiovascular risks. The term metaflammation denotes the entire cascade of immune responses activated by a new class of metabolites known as "danger-associated metabolites" (DAMs). It is being proposed by the present review for the first time. We summarize current studies covering bench to bedside aspects of DAMs to better understand CMDs in the context of DAMs. We have focused on the involvement of DAMs in the pathophysiological development of CMDs, including the disruption of immune homeostasis and chronic inflammation-triggered damage leading to CMD-related adverse events, as well as emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting DAM metabolism in CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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3
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Biochemical Predictors of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Ascending Aorta Replacement Surgery in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients. J Card Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/2612292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after ascending aortic replacement in acute type A aortic dissection patients, with emphasis on biochemical parameters. Methods. From Jan 2020 to Dec 2021, a total of 435 acute type A aortic dissection patients who underwent ascending aortic replacement and without a history of atrial fibrillation were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Perioperative data of these patients were obtained from the hospital’s database. The 30-day follow-up was via telephone interviews. The multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that may be predictive of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Results. 218 (50.1%) patients experienced postoperative atrial fibrillation after ascending aorta replacement surgery. Older age (OR = 1.081 (1.059–1.104),
), higher total bile acid (OR = 1.064 (1.024–1.106),
= 0.002), glucose (OR = 1.180 (1.038–1.342),
= 0.012), and serum potassium (OR = 2.313 (1.078–4.960),
= 0.031) were identified by multivariate regression analysis as risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation. The multivariate regression analysis prediction model incorporating these four factors had a good prediction effect (AUC = 0.769 (0.723–0.816),
). Conclusions. Older age, higher total bile acid, glucose, and serum potassium were risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation after ascending aortic replacement surgery in acute type A aortic dissection patients.
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5
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You LP, Wang KX, Lin JC, Ren XY, Wei Y, Li WX, Gao YQ, Kong XN, Sun XH. Yin-chen Wu-ling powder alleviate cholestatic liver disease: Network pharmacological analysis and experimental validation. Gene 2023; 851:146973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Zhao Y, Chen L. Effects of intestinal bacteria on cardiovascular disease. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:270-287. [PMID: 35775836 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2074696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the long process of human evolution, the Intestinal Bacteria has become intimately related to human health, producing many metabolites in the intestines that can affect cardiovascular disease. Today, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is rising, its treatment is becoming increasingly important, and new therapeutic targets are needed. Here we describe the effects of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), lipid metabolism, phenolic compounds, indole sulfate (IS), oleuropein (OL), and hydroxytyrosol (HT) on atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as their mechanism of action. This study provides new ideas, new methods, and new directions for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Leo CH, Foo SY, Tan JCW, Tan UX, Chua CK, Ong ES. Green Extraction of Orange Peel Waste Reduces TNFα-Induced Vascular Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091768. [PMID: 36139842 PMCID: PMC9495443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orange peel waste (OPW) is known to contain an abundant amount of polyphenols compounds such as flavonoids, well-reported for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While OPW is generally regarded as a food waste, the opportunity to extract bioactive compounds from these “wastes” arises due to their abundance, allowing the investigation of their potential effects on endothelial cells. Hence, this study aims to use a green extraction method and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) to extract bioactive compounds from OPW. Liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC/UV) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were subsequently used to identify the bioactive compounds present. Through the optimization of the extraction temperature for PHWE, our results demonstrated that extraction temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C yield distinct bioactive compounds and resulted in better antioxidant capacity compared to other extraction temperatures or organic solvent extraction. Despite having similar antioxidant capacity, their effects on endothelial cells were distinct. Specifically, treatment of endothelial cells with 60 °C OPW extracts inhibited TNFα-induced vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in vitro, suggesting that OPW possess vasoprotective effects likely mediated by anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huei Leo
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6434-8213
| | - Su Yi Foo
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Joseph Choon Wee Tan
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - U-Xuan Tan
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Eng Shi Ong
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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8
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De Luca D, Alonso A, Autilio C. Bile acids-induced lung injury: update of reverse translational biology. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L93-L106. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00523.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of bile acids in lung tissue is associated with some clinical features observed in various medical specialties, but it took time to understand that these are due to a "bile acid-induced lung injury" since specific translational studies and cross-disciplinary awareness were lacking. We used a reverse translational approach to update and summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms of bile acid-induced lung injury. This has been done in a cross-disciplinary fashion since these conditions may occur in patients of various age and in different medical fields. We here define these clinical conditions, then we review the physiopathology of these conditions and the animal models used to mimic them and, finally, their pathobiology. Mechanisms of bile acid-induced lung injury have been partially clarified overtime and are represented by: 1) the interaction with secretory phospholipase A2 pathway, 2) the effect on surfactant function and structure, 3) the biological effects on inflammation and local immunity, 4) the direct cellular toxicity. These mechanisms are schematically illustrated and histological comparisons between ARDS induced by bile acids and other triggers are also provided. Based on these mechanisms we propose possible direct therapeutic applications and, finally, we discuss further research steps to improve the understanding of processes that generate pathological clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, Paris Saclay University Hospital, Clamart, Paris, France
- Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Alejandro Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Research, Institut-Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Research, Institut-Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Jovanovich A, Cai X, Frazier R, Bundy JD, He J, Rao P, Lora C, Dobre M, Go A, Shafi T, Feldman HI, Rhee EP, Miyazaki M, Isakova T, Chonchol M. Deoxycholic Acid and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022891. [PMID: 35322682 PMCID: PMC9075491 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid that may promote vascular calcification in experimental settings. Higher DCA levels were associated with prevalent coronary artery calcification (CAC) in a small group of individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease. Whether DCA levels are associated with CAC prevalence, incidence, and progression in a large and diverse population of individuals with chronic kidney disease stages 2 to 4 is unknown. Methods and Results In the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) study, we evaluated cross-sectional (n=1057) and longitudinal (n=672) associations between fasting serum DCA levels and computed tomographic CAC using multivariable-adjusted regression models. The mean age was 57±12 years, 47% were women, and 41% were Black. At baseline, 64% had CAC (CAC score >0 Agatston units). In cross-sectional analyses, models adjusted for demographics and clinical factors showed no association between DCA levels and CAC >0 compared with no CAC (prevalence ratio per 1-SD higher log DCA, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.91-1.26). DCA was not associated with incident CAC (incidence per 1-SD greater log DCA, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.85-1.39]) or CAC progression (risk for increase in ≥100 and ≥200 Agatston units per year per 1-SD greater log DCA, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.84-1.31] and 1.26 [95% CI, 0.77-2.06], respectively). Conclusions Among CRIC study participants, DCA was not associated with prevalent, incident, or progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jovanovich
- Renal SectionVA Eastern Colorado Healthcare SystemAuroraCO
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Xuan Cai
- Division of Nephrology/HypertensionNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | - Rebecca Frazier
- Division of Nephrology/HypertensionNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | - Josh D. Bundy
- Nephrology and HypertensionTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA
| | - Jiang He
- Nephrology and HypertensionTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA
| | | | - Claudia Lora
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Mirela Dobre
- Division of NephrologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Alan Go
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA
| | - Tariq Shafi
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of MississippiJacksonMI
| | - Harold I. Feldman
- Division of Renal Electrolyte and HypertensionUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Nephrology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Tamara Isakova
- Division of Nephrology/HypertensionNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
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10
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Liu P, Ye Y, Xiang S, Li Y, Zhu C, Chen Z, Hu J, Gen Y, Lou L, Duan X, Zhang J, Gu W. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Invasion Mechanism of Spiroplasma eriocheiris in 3T6 Cells. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666220113154423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a novel pathogen of freshwater crustaceans and
is closely related to S. mirum. They have no cell wall and a helical morphology. They have the ability
to infect mammals with an unclear mechanism.
Objective:
In this study, our aim was to investigate the profile of protein expression in 3T6 cells infected
with S. eriocheiris.
Methods:
The proteome of 3T6 cells infected by S. eriocheiris was systematically investigated by
iTRAQ.
Results:
We identified and quantified 4915 proteins, 67 differentially proteins were found, including
30 up-regulated proteins and 37 down-regulated proteins. GO term analysis shows that dysregulation
of adhesion protein , interferon and cytoskeletal regulation are associated with apoptosis. Adhesion
protein Vcam1 and Interferon-induced protein GBP2, Ifit1, TAPBP, CD63 ,Arhgef2 were
up-regulated. A key cytoskeletal regulatory protein, ARHGEF17 was down-regulated. KEGG pathway
analysis showed the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway , the Jak-STAT
signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling are closely related to apoptosis in vivo.
Conclusion:
Analysis of the signaling pathways involved in invasion may provide new insights for
understanding the infection mechanisms of S. eriocheiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shasha Xiang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chengbin Zhu
- Hengyang Chinese
Medicine Hospital, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Gen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Lou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xuqi Duan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of
South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative
Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College
of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, 210046 Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for
Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, 222005 Jiangsu, China
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11
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Guo N, Wang P, Yang J, Yang X, van der Voet M, Wildwater M, Wei J, Tang X, Wang M, Yang H. Serum Metabolomic Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris Subtyped by Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics Reveals Biomarkers Relevant to Personalized Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664320. [PMID: 34194326 PMCID: PMC8236985 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), personalized treatments based on potential biomarkers could make a difference. To investigate if such potential biomarkers could be found for CHD inhomogeneous, we combined traditional Chinese medicine based diagnosis with untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses. Shi and Xu patient subtype groups of CHD with angina pectoris were identified. Different metabolites including lipids, fatty acids and amino acids were further analyzed with targeted metabolomics and mapped to disease-related pathways. The long-chain unsaturated lipids ceramides metabolism, bile acid metabolism were differentially affected in the Xu subtype groups. While, Shi-subtype patients seemed to show inflammation, anomalous levels of bioactive phospholipids and antioxidant molecules. Furthermore, variations in the endothelial damage response and energy metabolism found based on ELISA analysis are the key divergence points between different CHD subtypes. The results showed Xu subtype patients might benefit from long-chain unsaturated lipids ceramides as therapeutic targets. Shi subtype patients might benefit more from levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption and treatments that help in restoring energy balance. Metabolic differences can be essential for treatment protocols. Thus, patient group specific differences can serve as important information to refine current treatment approaches in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Center for Post-doctoral Research, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Evaluation of Neutrophil Dynamics Change by Protective Effect of Tadalafil After Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Using In Vivo Real-time Imaging. Transplantation 2021; 106:280-288. [PMID: 33908383 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils play a major role in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. However, it has been difficult to observe changes in neutrophil dynamics over time in living mice kidney. We investigate neutrophil dynamics in IRI in living mice using novel in vivo multiphoton microscope imaging techniques and characterize the renoprotective effects of a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor, tadalafil. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and eNOS knockout (eNOS-KO) mice, a model of endothelial dysfunction, were used to establish in vivo real-time imaging in living mouse kidneys. Neutrophils were labeled green with Ly-6G monoclonal antibody, and plasma flow was labeled red with bovine serum albumin. Tadalafil was administered orally 1 h before surgery. Both kidney pedicles were reperfused after 37° warm ischemia for 45 min. RESULTS Our novel approach revealed that neutrophils were trapped in glomerulus within a few minutes after reperfusion. They gradually increased over time and Infiltrated neutrophils were observed in the tubular lumen and peritubular capillary. The neutrophils were clearly visualized rolling on peritubular capillary plexus at 3 μm/min. The administration of tadalafil significantly reduced neutrophil influx into the glomerulus in both WT and eNOS-KO mice. Reduced neutrophil infiltration in tadalafil groups, which was confirmed by flow cytometry, resulted in histopathologically decreased tubular injury. The expression of VCAM-1 and KIM-1 was partially prevented by tadalafil. CONCLUSIONS Use of a novel technique contributed to elucidation of neutrophil dynamics after reperfusion. Tadalafil has a potential for inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in renal IRI.Supplemental Visual Abstract; http://links.lww.com/TP/C223.
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Yamamoto S, Sato I, Fukuhama N, Akiyama N, Sakai M, Kumazaki S, Ran S, Hirohata S, Kitamori K, Yamori Y, Watanabe S. Bile acids aggravate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cardiovascular disease in SHRSP5/Dmcr rat model. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104437. [PMID: 32246926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, regardless of the risk factors in metabolic syndrome. However, the intermediary factors between NASH and cardiovascular disease are still unknown. A previous study revealed that serum and hepatic bile acid (BA) levels are increased in some NASH patients. We aimed to examine whether NASH and cardiovascular disease were aggravated by BA using an animal model. METHOD AND RESULTS From 10 to 18 weeks of age, SHRSP5/Dmcr rats divided into 3 groups were fed 3 types of high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diets which were changed in the cholic acid (CA) concentration (0%, 2%, or 4%). The nitro oxide synthase inhibition (L-NAME) was administered intraperitoneally from 16 to 18 weeks of age. The 4% CA groups showed the worst LV dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis, and demonstrated severe hepatic fibrosis and lipid depositions. In addition, a large amount of lipid accumulation was observed in the aortas of the 4% CA group, and NFκB and VCAM-1 gene expression levels were increased. These findings were not seen in the 0% CA group. CONCLUSION In the SHRSP5/Dmcr rat model, NASH and cardiovascular disease were aggravated with increasing BAs concentrations in an HFC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ikumi Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Natsuki Fukuhama
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Natsumi Akiyama
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Miku Sakai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Kumazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shang Ran
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116-044, China
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723, Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University, 4-16, Edagawa-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo 663-8143, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Hu J, Liu Z, Tong Y, Mei Z, Xu A, Zhou P, Chen X, Tang W, Zhou Z, Xiao Y. Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Levels Predict Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Men With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32528406 PMCID: PMC7258879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays an indispensable role in regulating bile acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and alterations of its circulating concentration is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherosclerosis is directly related to the death-deriving diabetic macroangiopathy in T2D, yet relationships between FGF19 and atherosclerosis in T2D remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating FGF19 levels with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis (subAS) in patients with T2D in a 3-year prospective study. Methods: In the present study, 153 newly diagnosed T2D patients without subAS were recruited at baseline, and 137 of them completed a 3-year follow-up. FGF19 levels were measured in fasting serum samples collected at baseline and the third-year visits. Carotid, femoral, and iliac intima-media thickness (IMT) were detected by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound to determine the presence of subAS. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship between serum FGF19 and subAS in patients with T2D. Results: At baseline, serum FGF19 levels were positively correlated with carotid IMT and iliac IMT in men (r = 0.239, P = 0.036; r = 0.309, P = 0.006). At the 3-year follow-up, 25 out of 153 patients developed subAS, and FGF19 levels in men were higher in the subAS group than in the non-subAS group [202.7 (177.9-373.6) vs. 133.4 (85.6-171.3) pg/ml, P = 0.028]. Furthermore, in men, higher baseline levels of FGF19 were independently associated with a greater risk of subAS at year 3 in patients with T2D with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.798 per 1 standard deviation (SD) of the FGF19 concentration [OR = 4.798 (95% CI, 1.680-13.706), P = 0.003]. Baseline FGF19 levels yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.769 to predict the development of subAS at year 3 in men with T2D. Conclusions: Serum FGF19 levels could help in predicting the development of atherosclerosis in men with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tong
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weili Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguang Zhou
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Yang Xiao
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15
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Zhang BC, Chen JH, Xiang CH, Su MY, Zhang XS, Ma YF. Increased serum bile acid level is associated with high-risk coronary artery plaques in an asymptomatic population detected by coronary computed tomography angiography. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:5063-5070. [PMID: 32030222 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background There are limited data on the association between serum total bile acid level and coronary plaque characteristics. This study investigated the relationship between serum total bile acid level and the severity of coronary stenosis and coronary plaque features in an asymptomatic population using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods A total of 1,137 consecutive participants with no known coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing CTA as part of a general routine health evaluation were recruited. Serum total bile acid level and clinical parameters were assayed. Coronary stenosis and high-risk plaques features (napkin-ring sign, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, positive remodelling) were evaluated. Associations between serum total bile acid concentration and high-risk coronary plaques was tested through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 101 high-risk coronary plaques subjects and 93 controls were eligible for study inclusion. The severity of coronary artery stenosis and high-risk coronary plaques increased with serum total bile acid level quartiles (all P<0.001). The independent predictor of high-risk coronary plaques in multivariate analysis was serum total bile acid level (P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) confirmed that serum total bile acid concentration significantly differentiated high-risk coronary plaques [the area under the curve (AUC) =0.876; P<0.001, with a sensitivity of 87.13% and a specificity of 86.02%]. Conclusions Higher serum total bile acid level was associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis and high-risk coronary artery plaques detected by CTA in asymptomatic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Chun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Chu-Han Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Ming-Yu Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xue-Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Yan-Feng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
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16
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Li W, Shu S, Cheng L, Hao X, Wang L, Wu Y, Yuan Z, Zhou J. Fasting serum total bile acid level is associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and severity of coronary lesions. Atherosclerosis 2019; 292:193-200. [PMID: 31811964 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids play important roles in lipid metabolism. Several studies have found that patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have lower bile acid fecal excretion compared to individuals without CAD. However, few studies have focused on the roles of more accessible serum total bile acids (TBA) in the progression of CAD. The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between fasting serum TBA and the presence of CAD, myocardial infarction (MI) and severity of coronary lesions. METHODS A total of 7438 consecutive patients with suspected CAD, who had undergone coronary angiography, were enrolled. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated using the Gensini score (GS). The relationships between fasting serum TBA and the presence and severity of CAD were evaluated. RESULTS CAD patients had lower serum TBA than individuals without CAD, and patients with MI had lower TBA than those without CAD. Spline analyses showed an L-shaped relationship of the fasting serum TBA with the presence and severity of CAD, and the breakpoint approximated the normal upper limit (10 μmol/L). A lower TBA concentration (less than the median 3.6 μmol/L) was independently and significantly associated with the presence and severity of CAD, especially for the presence of MI (odds ratios 2.04, 95% confidence interval (1.71-2.44), C-index 0.9269). CONCLUSIONS Fasting serum TBA level is highly associated with the presence and severity of CAD in patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Shu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Su W, Ma SX, Shang YQ, Mao JR, Yu XY, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Activated NF-κB/Nrf2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with lipid metabolism in CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2317-2332. [PMID: 31102786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of CKD patients at risk for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria could facilitate clinical outcomes and long-term survival. Considering the few and limited efficacy of current biomarkers in early detection, we aim to discover plasma lipids that effectively predict the development of CKD paitents with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. A total of 380 healthy controls and 1156 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 were stratified by urine albumin-creatinine ratio as microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g). Fasting plasma samples were determined by UPLC-HDMS based on lipidomics. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were used to validate the lipid metabolism-associated pathways. Pathway analysis demonstrated that these lipids were closely associated with PPARγ, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels and RAS signaling, which were intimately involved in activated NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. We further carried out pathway validation and demonstrated that NF-κB pathway was activated in patients with macroalbuminuria compared with CKD patients with microalbuminuria, while Nrf2-associated protein expression was downregulated, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Four lipids including DTA, 5,8-TDA, GGD3 and DHA that showed great potential in the discrimination of CKD patients with microalbuminuria and healthy controls were selected by logistic regression analysis. Additionally, six lipid species including CDCA, glucosylceramide, GGD2, TTA, DHA and EDA that contributed to the discrimination of CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were selected by logistic LASSO regression Gangliosides were first identified and might be promising therapeutic targets for CKD patients with the different degree of albuminuria. Collectively, this study first demonstrates the association of plasma inflammation, oxidative stress, Wnt/β-catenin and lipid metabolism in CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92897, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Jia-Rong Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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18
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Zhou M, Learned RM, Rossi SJ, Tian H, DePaoli AM, Ling L. Therapeutic FGF19 promotes HDL biogenesis and transhepatic cholesterol efflux to prevent atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:550-565. [PMID: 30679232 PMCID: PMC6399511 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, an endocrine hormone produced in the gut, acts in the liver to control bile acid synthesis. NGM282, an engineered FGF19 analog, is currently in clinical development for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the molecular mechanisms that integrate FGF19 with cholesterol metabolic pathways are incompletely understood. Here, we report that FGF19 and NGM282 promote HDL biogenesis and cholesterol efflux from the liver by selectively modulating LXR signaling while ameliorating hepatic steatosis. We further identify ABCA1 and FGF receptor 4 as mediators of this effect, and that administration of a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor or a blocking antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 abolished FGF19-associated elevations in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL cholesterol in db/db mice. Moreover, we show that a constitutively active MEK1, but not a constitutively active STAT3, mimics the effect of FGF19 and NGM282 on cholesterol change. In dyslipidemic Apoe -/- mice fed a Western diet, treatment with NGM282 dramatically reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in aortas. Administration of NGM282 to healthy volunteers for 7 days resulted in a 26% increase in HDL-C levels compared with placebo. These findings outline a previously unrecognized role for FGF19 in the homeostatic control of cholesterol and may have direct impact on the clinical development of FGF19 analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhou
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - R Marc Learned
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Hui Tian
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Alex M DePaoli
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Lei Ling
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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19
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Ðanić M, Stanimirov B, Pavlović N, Goločorbin-Kon S, Al-Salami H, Stankov K, Mikov M. Pharmacological Applications of Bile Acids and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1382. [PMID: 30559664 PMCID: PMC6287190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from well-known functions of bile acids in digestion and solubilization of lipophilic nutrients and drugs in the small intestine, the emerging evidence from the past two decades identified the role of bile acids as signaling, endocrine molecules that regulate the glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism through complex and intertwined pathways that are largely mediated by activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and cell surface G protein-coupled receptor 1, TGR5 (also known as GPBAR1). Interactions of bile acids with the gut microbiota that result in the altered composition of circulating and intestinal bile acids pool, gut microbiota composition and modified signaling pathways, are further extending the complexity of biological functions of these steroid derivatives. Thus, bile acids signaling pathways have become attractive targets for the treatment of various metabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome opening the new potential avenue in their treatment. In addition, there is a significant effort to unveil some specific properties of bile acids relevant to their intrinsic potency and selectivity for particular receptors and to design novel modulators of these receptors with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This resulted in synthesis of few semi-synthetic bile acids derivatives such as 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (obeticholic acid, OCA), norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA), and 12-monoketocholic acid (12-MKC) that are proven to have positive effect in metabolic and hepato-biliary disorders. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge related to bile acids implications in glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, as well as a potential application of bile acids in metabolic syndrome treatment with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Ðanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karmen Stankov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Park KH, Kim J, Lee EH, Lee TH. Cynandione A inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cell adhesion via suppression of the protein expression of VCAM‑1 in human endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1756-1764. [PMID: 29328438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynandione A (CA) is one of the most active compounds in the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii, the extracts of which have been used extensively in East Asia to treat various diseases including anti‑ischemic stroke. In the present study, the anti‑adherent activity of CA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. CA markedly reduced the expression of vascular adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1) by LPS in HUVECs. The results also demonstrated that CA significantly reduced the expression of pro‑inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and tumor necrosis factor‑α, in LPS‑activated human endothelial cells. CA inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases, including the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 kinases. It was found that CA decreased the IKK/IκB‑α phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB kinase/inhibitor of NF‑κB‑α, suppressed translocation of the NF‑κB p65 subunit into the nucleus and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‑κB. CA also decreased human monocyte cell adhesion to endothelial cells in LPS‑stimulated conditions. These results demonstrated that CA inhibited the protein expression of VCAM‑1 and pro‑inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF‑κB. The results also suggested that CA may be important in the development of anti‑inflammatory drugs by inhibiting the expression of cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo H Lee
- Graduate School of East‑West Medical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kundu S, Bansal S, Muthukumarasamy KM, Sachidanandan C, Motiani RK, Bajaj A. Deciphering the role of hydrophobic and hydrophilic bile acids in angiogenesis using in vitro and in vivo model systems. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2248-2257. [PMID: 30108740 PMCID: PMC6071941 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids have emerged as strong signaling molecules capable of influencing various biological processes like inflammation, apoptosis, cancer progression and atherosclerosis depending on their chemistry. In the present study, we investigated the effect of major hydrophobic bile acids lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) and hydrophilic bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on angiogenesis. We employed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and zebrafish embryos as model systems for studying the role of bile acids in angiogenesis. Our studies revealed that the hydrophilic CDCA enhanced ectopic vessel formation as observed by the increase in the number of sub-intestinal vessels (SIVs) in the zebrafish embryos. The pro-angiogenic role of CDCA was further corroborated by in vitro vessel formation studies performed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas the hydrophobic LCA reduced tubulogenesis and was toxic to the zebrafish embryos. We validated that CDCA enhances angiogenesis by increasing the expression of vascular growth factor receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9) and by decreasing the expression of adhesion protein vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). Our work implicates that the nature of bile acids plays a critical role in dictating their biological functions and in regulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanath Kundu
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , NCR Biotech Cluster , Faridabad , Haryana-121001 , India . ; Tel: +91 129 2848831
- Manipal University , Manipal-576104 , Karnataka , India
| | - Sandhya Bansal
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , NCR Biotech Cluster , Faridabad , Haryana-121001 , India . ; Tel: +91 129 2848831
| | | | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India .
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India .
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , NCR Biotech Cluster , Faridabad , Haryana-121001 , India . ; Tel: +91 129 2848831
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22
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Li Y, Zhang D, He Y, Chen C, Song C, Zhao Y, Bai Y, Wang Y, Pu J, Chen J, Yang Y, Dou K. Investigation of novel metabolites potentially involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease using a UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15357. [PMID: 29127404 PMCID: PMC5681629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with complex metabolic disorders, but its molecular aetiology remains unclear. Using a novel nontargeted metabolomics approach, we explored the global metabolic perturbation profile for CHD. Blood samples from 150 patients with severe obstructive CHD and 150 angiographically normal controls were collected. Metabolic fingerprinting was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) technique. After adjusting for CHD traditional risk factors and metabolic batch, a comprehensive list of 105 metabolites was found to be significantly altered in CHD patients. Among the metabolites identified, six metabolites were discovered to have the strongest correlation with CHD after adjusting for multiple testing: palmitic acid (β = 0.205; p < 0.0001), linoleic acid (β = 0.133; p < 0.0001), 4-pyridoxic acid (β = 0.142; p < 0.0001), phosphatidylglycerol (20:3/2:0) (β = 0.287; p < 0.0001), carnitine (14:1) (β = 0.332; p < 0.0001) and lithocholic acid (β = 0.224; p < 0.0001); of these, 4-pyridoxic acid, lithocholic acid and phosphatidylglycerol (20:3/2:0) were, to the best of our knowledge, first reported in this study. A logistic regression model further quantified their positive independent correlations with CHD. In conclusion, this study surveyed a broad panel of nontargeted metabolites in Chinese CHD populations and identified novel metabolites that are potentially involved in CHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jielin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
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Ruiz-Campillo MT, Molina Hernandez V, Escamilla A, Stevenson M, Perez J, Martinez-Moreno A, Donnelly S, Dalton JP, Cwiklinski K. Immune signatures of pathogenesis in the peritoneal compartment during early infection of sheep with Fasciola hepatica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2782. [PMID: 28584245 PMCID: PMC5459796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune signatures of sheep acutely-infected with Fasciola hepatica, an important pathogen of livestock and humans were analysed within the peritoneal compartment to investigate early infection. Within the peritoneum, F. hepatica antibodies coincided with an intense innate and adaptive cellular immune response, with infiltrating leukocytes and a marked eosinophilia (49%). However, while cytokine qPCR analysis revealed IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-23 and TGFβ were elevated, these were not statistically different at 18 days post-infection compared to uninfected animals indicating that the immune response is muted and not yet skewed to a Th2 type response that is associated with chronic disease. Proteomic analysis of the peritoneal fluid identified infection-related proteins, including several structural proteins derived from the liver extracellular matrix, connective tissue and epithelium, and proteins related to the immune system. Periostin and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), molecules that mediate leukocyte infiltration and are associated with inflammatory disorders involving marked eosinophilia (e.g. asthma), were particularly elevated in the peritoneum. Immuno-histochemical studies indicated that the source of periostin and VCAM-1 was the inflamed sheep liver tissue. This study has revealed previously unknown aspects of the immunology and pathogenesis associated with acute fascioliasis in the peritoneum and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Molina Hernandez
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Michael Stevenson
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jose Perez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Sheila Donnelly
- The i3 Institute & School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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24
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Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:11. [PMID: 27275383 PMCID: PMC4893840 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancers (CRC) are associated with perturbations in cellular amino acids, nucleotides, pentose-phosphate pathway carbohydrates, and glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and tricarboxylic acid intermediates. A non-targeted global metabolome approach was utilized for exploring human CRC, adjacent mucosa, and stool. In this pilot study, we identified metabolite profile differences between CRC and adjacent mucosa from patients undergoing colonic resection. Metabolic pathway analyses further revealed relationships between complex networks of metabolites. Methods Seventeen CRC patients participated in this pilot study and provided CRC, adjacent mucosa ~10 cm proximal to the tumor, and stool. Metabolomes were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). All of the library standard identifications were confirmed and further analyzed via MetaboLyncTM for metabolic network interactions. Results There were a total of 728 distinct metabolites identified from colonic tissue and stool matrices. Nineteen metabolites significantly distinguished CRC from adjacent mucosa in our patient-matched cohort. Glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate demonstrated 0.64-fold and 0.75-fold lower expression in CRC compared to mucosa, respectively, whereas isobar: betaine aldehyde, N-methyldiethanolamine, and adenylosuccinate had 2.68-fold and 1.88-fold higher relative abundance in CRC. Eleven of the 19 metabolites had not previously been reported for CRC relevance. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant perturbations of short-chain fatty acid metabolism, fructose, mannose, and galactose metabolism, and glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and pyruvate metabolism. In comparison to the 500 stool metabolites identified from human CRC patients, only 215 of those stool metabolites were also detected in tissue. This CRC and stool metabolome investigation identified novel metabolites that may serve as key small molecules in CRC pathogenesis, confirmed the results from previously reported CRC metabolome studies, and showed networks for metabolic pathway aberrations. In addition, we found differences between the CRC and stool metabolomes. Conclusions Stool metabolite profiles were limited for direct associations with CRC and adjacent mucosa, yet metabolic pathways were conserved across both matrices. Larger patient-matched CRC, adjacent non-cancerous colonic mucosa, and stool cohort studies for metabolite profiling are needed to validate these small molecule differences and metabolic pathway aberrations for clinical application to CRC control, treatment, and prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Joanne O'Malia
- University of Colorado Health-North, Fort Collins, CO 80522 USA
| | - Marlon Bazan
- University of Colorado Health-North, Fort Collins, CO 80522 USA
| | - Regina J Brown
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ; Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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25
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Kopincova J, Calkovska A. Meconium-induced inflammation and surfactant inactivation: specifics of molecular mechanisms. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:514-21. [PMID: 26679157 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome in light of meconium-induced inflammation and inflammatory surfactant inactivation, related to both endogenous and therapeutic exogenous surfactant. The wide effect of meconium on surfactant properties is divided into three points. Direct effect of meconium on surfactant properties refers mainly to fragmentation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and other surfactant phospholipids together with cleavage of surfactant proteins. Initiation of inflammatory response due to activation of receptors by yet unspecified compounds involves complement and Toll-like receptor activation. A possible role of lung collectins, surfactant proteins A and D, which can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions, is discussed. Initiation of inflammatory response by specified compounds in meconium reflects inflammatory functioning of cytokines, bile acids, and phospholipases contained in meconium. Unifying sketch of many interconnections in all these actions aims at providing integrated picture of inflammatory surfactant inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopincova
- Department of Physiology and Martin Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology and Martin Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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26
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Liu J, Zhang L, Ren Y, Gao Y, Kang L, Lu S. Matrine inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules in activated vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2313-9. [PMID: 26783147 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Matrine is a main active ingredient of Sophora flavescens roots, which are used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of matrine on the expression of adhesion molecules in VSMCs have largely remained elusive. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of matrine on the expression of adhesion molecules in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α‑stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The results showed that matrine inhibited the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1) and intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1) in TNF‑α‑stimulated HASMCs. Matrine markedly inhibited the TNF‑α‑induced expression of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB p65 and prevented the TNF‑α‑caused degradation of inhibitor of NF‑κB; it also inhibited TNF‑α‑induced activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, matrine inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TNF‑α‑stimulated HASMCs. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that matrine inhibited the expression of VCAM‑1 and ICAM‑1 in TNF‑α‑stimulated HASMCs via the suppression of ROS production as well as NF‑κB and MAPK pathway activation. Therefore, matrine may have a potential therapeutic use for preventing the advancement of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yingang Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
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27
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Ibrahim ZS. Chenodeoxycholic acid increases the induction of CYP1A1 in HepG2 and H4IIE cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1976-1982. [PMID: 26640583 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are considered to promote carcinogenesis. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays a critical role in the biotransformation of drugs and procarcinogens. This study aimed to investigate the ability of bile acids to modulate CYP1A1 expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and Sudan III (S.III) upregulated CYP1A1 transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells and CYP1A1 mRNA expression in H4IIE cells. Pretreatment of the HepG2 and H4IIE cells with CDCA upregulated the S.III-induced CYP1A transcriptional activity and mRNA expression. The CDCA-induced enhancement of CYP1A1 was not abolished by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. However, exposure of the cells to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the CDCA-induced enhancement of CYP1A1. These results show the ability of CDCA to upregulate CYP1A1 transcription and expression, which may explain the hepatocarcinogenesis-inducing effect of cholestasis. The CDCA-induced upregulation of CYP1A1 most probably proceeded through MEK1/2 activation, indicating that this may be a therapeutic target to prevent the cancer-promoting effects of excessive amounts of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zein Shaban Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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28
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Afford SC, Humphreys EH, Reid DT, Russell CL, Banz VM, Oo Y, Vo T, Jenne C, Adams DH, Eksteen B. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression by biliary epithelium promotes persistence of inflammation by inhibiting effector T-cell apoptosis. Hepatology 2014; 59:1932-43. [PMID: 24338559 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic hepatitis occurs when effector lymphocytes are recruited to the liver from blood and retained in tissue to interact with target cells, such as hepatocytes or bile ducts (BDs). Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1; CD106), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, supports leukocyte adhesion by binding α4β1 integrins and is critical for the recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes during inflammation. We detected VCAM-1 on cholangiocytes in chronic liver disease (CLD) and hypothesized that biliary expression of VCAM-1 contributes to the persistence of liver inflammation. Hence, in this study, we examined whether cholangiocyte expression of VCAM-1 promotes the survival of intrahepatic α4β1 expressing effector T cells. We examined interactions between primary human cholangiocytes and isolated intrahepatic T cells ex vivo and in vivo using the Ova-bil antigen-driven murine model of biliary inflammation. VCAM-1 was detected on BDs in CLDs (primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, alcoholic liver disease, and chronic hepatitis C), and human cholangiocytes expressed VCAM-1 in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha alone or in combination with CD40L or interleukin-17. Liver-derived T cells adhered to cholangiocytes in vitro by α4β1, which resulted in signaling through nuclear factor kappa B p65, protein kinase B1, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. This led to increased mitochondrial B-cell lymphoma 2 accumulation and decreased activation of caspase 3, causing increased cell survival. We confirmed our findings in a murine model of hepatobiliary inflammation where inhibition of VCAM-1 decreased liver inflammation by reducing lymphocyte recruitment and increasing CD8 and T helper 17 CD4 T-cell survival. CONCLUSIONS VCAM-1 expression by cholangiocytes contributes to persistent inflammation by conferring a survival signal to α4β1 expressing proinflammatory T lymphocytes in CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Afford
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit and Center for Liver Research, Medical Research Council Center for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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29
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Park SH, Koo HJ, Sung YY, Kim HK. The protective effect of Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract against vascular inflammation in TNF-α-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:352-7. [PMID: 23884101 PMCID: PMC4133916 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.7.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which manifests as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Prunella vulgaris, a perennial herb with a worldwide distribution, has been used as a traditional medicine in inflammatory disease. Here, we investigated the effects of P. vulgaris ethanol extract on TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that P. vulgaris ethanol extract inhibited adhesion of monocyte/macrophage-like THP-1 cells to activated HASMCs. It also decreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and ROS, No production in TNF-α-induced HASMCs and reduced NF-kB activation. Furthermore, P. vulgaris extract suppressed TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results demonstrate that P. vulgaris possesses antiinflammatory properties and can regulate TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/ ERK signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(7): 352-357]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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30
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Jiang SJ, Hsu SY, Deng CR, Huang HC, Liu SL, Shi GY, Wu HL. Dextromethorphan attenuates LPS-induced adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells. Microcirculation 2013; 20:190-201. [PMID: 23140507 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effect of Dextromethorphan (d-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan; DXM), a commonly used cough-suppressing drug, on the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS The effect of DXM on expression of cell adhesion molecules induced by LPS was evaluated by monocyte bindings in vitro and ex vivo and transmigration assays. The signaling pathways involved in the inflammation inhibitory effect of DXM were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescent stain. RESULTS Pretreatment of HUVECs with DXM inhibited LPS-induced adhesion of THP-1 cells in vitro and ex vivo, and reduced transendothelial migration of these cells. Furthermore, treatment of HUVECs with DXM can significantly decrease LPS-induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. DXM abrogated LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. The translocation of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), a downstream transcription factor involved in the mitogen-activated kinase (MEK)-ERK signaling pathway, was suppressed by DXM treatment. Furthermore, DXM inhibited LPS-induced IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of p65. CONCLUSIONS Dextromethorphan inhibits the adhesive capacity of HUVECs by reducing the LPS-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression via the suppression of the ERK, Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, DXM is a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic that may modulate atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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31
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Du Q, Zhou L, Hao K, Pan Y, Duan T. Study on the regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression and function in placenta from women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:374-5. [PMID: 23810461 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a common complication of pregnancy manifested as skin pruritus of cholestasis. ICP occurs mainly in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and may cause fetal distress, unexpected intrauterine fetal death and does serious harm to maternal and fetal health. The pathogenesis of ICP is still unclear. In ICP placentas, placental syncytiotrophoblasts are the most direct contact between maternal high bile acid environment and fetus. Our previous study found that in ICP placental syncytiotrophoblasts, both mRNA expression level and protein expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), were significantly elevated. Since VCAM-1 is important in inflammatory injury of lymphocytes, we speculate that ICP pathogenesis may be associated with VCAM-1 up-regulation which may lead to inflammatory injury and cause intrauterine fetal distress, intrauterine fetal death and other adverse outcomes. Elucidation of this mechanism should help reveal the ICP pathogenesis and facilitate the clinical treatment of intrauterine fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Du
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
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Jang JH, Yang ES, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Inhibitory effect of butein on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human lung epithelial cells via inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, NF-κB activation and Akt phosphorylation. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1357-64. [PMID: 23064245 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules play an important role in inflammatory response, angiogenesis and tumor progression. Butein (tetrahydroxychalcone) is a small molecule from natural sources, known to be a potential therapeutic drug with anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of butein on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced adhesion molecule expression and its molecular mechanism of action. Butein significantly decreased TNF-α-induced monocyte (U937) cell adhesion to lung epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Butein also inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in TNF-α-stimulated A549 human lung epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Butein inhibited TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in A549 cells; it also inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs and Akt, suggesting that the MAPK/Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the butein-mediated inhibition of TNF-α-induced leukocyte adhesion to A549 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that butein affects cell adhesion through the inhibition of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK/Akt signaling pathway and ROS generation, thereby, elucidating the role of butein in the anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kidokoro K, Satoh M, Nagasu H, Sakuta T, Kuwabara A, Yorimitsu D, Nishi Y, Tomita N, Sasaki T, Kashihara N. Tacrolimus induces glomerular injury via endothelial dysfunction caused by reactive oxygen species and inflammatory change. Kidney Blood Press Res 2012; 35:549-57. [PMID: 22890154 DOI: 10.1159/000339494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506) is used clinically to reduce the rejection rate in patients with kidney transplantation; however, the resultant nephrotoxicity remains a serious problem. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanisms of glomerular injury induced by FK506 and the renoprotective effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan. METHODS Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: vehicle group, FK506 group, and FK506 + telmisartan group. After 8 weeks, we assessed kidney function and renal morphological changes including oxidative stress. We also assessed the effect of FK506 in human glomerular endothelial cells (hGECs) with regard to reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS FK506 induced ROS production via activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in the glomeruli. Expression of ICAM mRNA was increased in glomeruli from the FK506 group. These effects resulted in macrophage infiltration into the glomeruli. FK506 directly promoted NAD(P)H oxidase activity and accelerated production of ROS in hGECs. Conversely, cotreatment with telmisartan inhibited both NAD(P)H oxidase activity and production of ROS. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that glomerular injury resulting from FK506 is caused by oxidative stress mediated by activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and that telmisartan exerts a renoprotective effect via antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kidokoro
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Choi KW, Um SH, Kwak JH, Park HJ, Kim KH, Moon EY, Kwon ST, Pyo S. Suppression of adhesion molecule expression by phenanthrene-containing extract of bulbils of Chinese Yam in vascular smooth muscle cells through inhibition of MAPK, Akt and NF-κB. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2792-804. [PMID: 22583650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of extract from aerial Bulbil of Dioscorea batatas Decne (Db-Ex) on the ability to suppress the expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-α. We also identified bioactive components from a methanol extract. VSMCs pre-exposed to Db-Ex (10-100 μg/ml) were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml). Preincubation of VSMCs for 2 h with Db-Ex dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells and mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Db-Ex treatment decreased ROS production and the amount of phosphorylated form of p38, ERK, JNK and Akt in TNF-α-stimulated cells, suggesting that Db-Ex inhibits adhesion molecule expression possibly through MAPK and Akt regulation. Db-Ex also suppressed TNF-α-activation NK-κB. This effect was mediated through degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. These results suggest that Db-Ex inhibits monocyte adhesion and the TNF-α-mediated induction of adhesion molecules in VSMC by downregulating the MAPK/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, which may explain the ability of Db-Ex to suppress inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Woon Choi
- Division of Immunopharmacolgy, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Ohioensin F suppresses TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression by inactivation of the MAPK, Akt and NF-κB pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2012; 90:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Liu XH, Pan LL, Yang HB, Gong QH, Zhu YZ. Leonurine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells: involvement of reactive oxygen species and NF-κB pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 680:108-14. [PMID: 22305882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Leonurine, an active alkaloid of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herba leonuri, displayed cardioprotective effects by anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we explored the effects and possible mechanisms of leonurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We found that leonurine pretreatment concentration-dependently attenuated LPS-induced mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Meanwhile, LPS-mediated expression/release of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α was also reduced by leonurine. In addition, we confirmed that leonurine suppressed degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 as well as production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 could be upregulated in leonurine-treated HUVEC. Our present results indicated leonurine exerted beneficial effects in inflammatory conditions partly through inhibition of reactive oxygen species and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Byeon HE, Park BK, Yim JH, Lee HK, Moon EY, Rhee DK, Pyo S. Stereocalpin A inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules in activated vascular smooth muscle cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:315-25. [PMID: 22210374 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall contribute to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Stereocalpin A, a chemical compound of the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebarata, displays tumoricidal activity against several different tumor cell types. However, other biological activities of stereocalpin A and its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, our work is directed toward studying the in vitro effects of stereocalpin A on the ability to suppress the expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-α in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pretreatment of VSMCs for 2h with stereocalpin A at nontoxic concentrations of 0.1-10 μg/ml inhibited TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Stereocalpin A reduced TNF-α-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK and Akt. Stereocalpin A also inhibited NK-κB activation induced by TNF-α. Moreover, stereocalpin A inhibited TNF-α-induced ΙκΒ kinase activation, subsequent degradation of ΙκΒα, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Hence, we describe a new anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of stereocalpin A, owing to the negative regulation of TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule and MCP-1 expression, monocyte adhesion and ROS production in vascular smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that stereocalpin A has the potential to exert a protective effect by modulating inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Byeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease: the bile Acid-activated farnesoid x receptor as an emerging treatment target. J Lipids 2011; 2012:934396. [PMID: 22187656 PMCID: PMC3236512 DOI: 10.1155/2012/934396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently evolving as the most common liver disease worldwide. It may progress to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer and is poised to represent the most common indication for liver transplantation in the near future. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and not fully understood, but it represents an insulin resistance state characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Importantly, NAFLD also has evolved as independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately thus far no established treatment does exist for NAFLD. The bile acid-activated nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been shown to play a role not only in bile acid but also in lipid and glucose homeostasis. Specific targeting of FXR may be an elegant and very effective way to readjust dysregulated nuclear receptor-mediated metabolic pathways. This review discusses the body's complex response to the activation of FXR with its beneficial actions but also potential undesirable side effects.
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Sulforaphane suppresses vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated mouse vascular smooth muscle cells: involvement of the MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 56:131-41. [PMID: 22155163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a long-term inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Increased expression of the cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is associated with increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to increased neointima or atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, the functional inhibition of adhesion molecules could be a critical therapeutic target of inflammatory disease. In the present study, we investigate the effect of sulforaphane on the expression of VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α in cultured mouse vascular smooth muscle cell lines. Pretreatment of VSMCs for 2h with sulforaphane (1-5μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells and protein expression of VCAM-1. Sulforaphane also suppressed TNF-α-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of p38, ERK and JNK. Furthermore, sulforaphane inhibited NK-κB and AP-1 activation induced by TNF-α. Sulforaphane inhibited TNF-α-induced ΙκΒ kinase activation, subsequent degradation of ΙκΒα and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB and decreased c-Jun and c-Fos protein level. This study suggests that sulforaphane inhibits the adhesive capacity of VSMC and downregulates the TNF-α-mediated induction of VCAM-1 in VSMC by inhibiting the MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways and intracellular ROS production. Thus, sulforaphane may have beneficial effects to suppress inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of illness and death. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing cholesterol plasma levels have shown efficacy in either reducing progression of atherosclerotic plaques and atherosclerosis-related mortality. The farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) is a member of metabolic nuclear receptors (NRs) superfamily activated by bile acids. In entero-hepatic tissues, FXR functions as a bile acid sensor regulating bile acid synthesis, detoxification and excretion. In the liver FXR induces the expression of an atypical NR, the small heterodimer partner, which subsequently inhibits the activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α repressing the transcription of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, the critical regulatory gene in bile acid synthesis. In the intestine FXR induces the release of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) (or FGF19 in human), which activates hepatic FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) signalling to inhibit bile acid synthesis. In rodents, FXR activation decreases bile acid synthesis and lipogenesis and increases lipoprotein clearance, and regulates glucose homeostasis by reducing liver gluconeogenesis. FXR exerts counter-regulatory effects on macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. FXR deficiency in mice results in a pro-atherogenetic lipoproteins profile and insulin resistance but FXR−/– mice fail to develop any detectable plaques on high-fat diet. Synthetic FXR agonists protect against development of aortic plaques formation in murine models characterized by pro-atherogenetic lipoprotein profile and accelerated atherosclerosis, but reduce HDL levels. Because human and mouse lipoprotein metabolism is modulated by different regulatory pathways the potential drawbacks of FXR ligands on HDL and bile acid synthesis need to addressed in relevant clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mencarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Roh HC, Yoo DY, Ko SH, Kim YJ, Kim JM. Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells via an aldose reductase-, MAPK-, and NF-κB-dependent pathway, leading to monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1931-41. [PMID: 21724992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) produces a ∼ 20-kDa heat-labile enterotoxin (BFT) that plays an essential role in mucosal inflammation. Although a variety of inflammatory cells is found at ETBF-infected sites, little is known about leukocyte adhesion in response to BFT stimulation. We investigated whether BFT affected the expression of ICAM-1 and monocytic adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). Stimulation of HUVECs and rat aortic ECs with BFT resulted in the induction of ICAM-1 expression. Upregulation of ICAM-1 was dependent on the activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and NF-κB signaling. In contrast, suppression of AP-1 did not affect ICAM-1 expression in BFT-stimulated cells. Suppression of NF-κB activity in HUVECs significantly reduced monocytic adhesion, indicating that ICAM-1 expression is indispensable for BFT-induced adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium. Inhibition of JNK resulted in a significant attenuation of BFT-induced ICAM-1 expression in ECs. Moreover, inhibition of aldose reductase significantly reduced JNK-dependent IKK/NF-κB activation, ICAM-1 expression, and adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs. These results suggest that a signaling pathway involving aldose reductase, JNK, IKK, and NF-κB is required for ICAM-1 induction in ECs exposed to BFT, and may be involved in the leukocyte-adhesion cascade following infection with ETBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Cheol Roh
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Vacca M, Degirolamo C, Mariani-Costantini R, Palasciano G, Moschetta A. Lipid-sensing nuclear receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 3:562-87. [PMID: 21755605 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of different diseases, namely central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, together with a pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state. These metabolic abnormalities are often associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Dietary and lifestyle modifications are currently believed more effective than pharmacological therapies in the management of MS patients. Nevertheless, the relatively low grade of compliance of patients to these recommendations, as well as the failure of current therapies, highlights the need for the discovery of new pharmacological and nutraceutic approaches. A deeper knowledge of the patho-physiological events that initiate and support the MS is mandatory. Lipid-sensing nuclear receptors (NRs) are the master transcriptional regulators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory responses, thus standing as suitable targets. This review focuses on the physiological relevance of the NRs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and farnesoid X receptor) in the control of whole-body homeostasis, with a special emphasis on lipid and glucose metabolism, and on the relationships between metabolic unbalances, systemic inflammation, and the onset of CVD. Future perspectives and possible clinical applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vacca
- Clinica Medica Augusto Murri, Aldo Moro University of Bari, and Department of Translational Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
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Modica S, Gadaleta RM, Moschetta A. Deciphering the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR paradigm. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2010; 8:e005. [PMID: 21383957 PMCID: PMC3049226 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.08005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Originally called retinoid X receptor interacting protein 14 (RIP14), the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was renamed after the ability of its rat form to bind supra-physiological concentrations of farnesol. In 1999 FXR was de-orphanized since primary bile acids were identified as natural ligands. Strongly expressed in the liver and intestine, FXR has been shown to be the master transcriptional regulator of several entero-hepatic metabolic pathways with relevance to the pathophysiology of conditions such as cholestasis, fatty liver disease, cholesterol gallstone disease, intestinal inflammation and tumors. Furthermore, given the importance of FXR in the gut-liver axis feedbacks regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, FXR modulation appears to have great input in diseases such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Exciting results from several cellular and animal models have provided the impetus to develop synthetic FXR ligands as novel pharmacological agents. Fourteen years from its discovery, FXR has gone from bench to bedside; a novel nuclear receptor ligand is going into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Modica
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
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Choi KW, Park HJ, Jung D, Kim TW, Park YM, Kim BO, Sohn EH, Moon EY, Um SH, Rhee DK, Pyo S. Inhibition of TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression by diosgenin in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells via downregulation of the MAPK, Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Cheng Q, McKeown SJ, Santos L, Santiago FS, Khachigian LM, Morand EF, Hickey MJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases leukocyte-endothelial interactions in human endothelial cells via promotion of expression of adhesion molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1238-47. [PMID: 20554956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to promote leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, although whether this occurs via an effect on endothelial cell function remains unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the ability of MIF expressed by endothelial cells to promote leukocyte adhesion and to investigate the effect of exogenous MIF on leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Using small interfering RNA to inhibit HUVEC MIF production, we found that MIF deficiency reduced the ability of TNF-stimulated HUVECs to support leukocyte rolling and adhesion under flow conditions. These reductions were associated with decreased expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-8, and MCP-1. Inhibition of p38 MAPK had a similar effect on adhesion molecule expression, and p38 MAPK activation was reduced in MIF-deficient HUVECs, suggesting that MIF mediated these effects via promotion of p38 MAPK activation. In experiments examining the effect of exogenous MIF, application of MIF to resting HUVECs failed to induce leukocyte rolling and adhesion, whereas addition of MIF to TNF-treated HUVECs increased these interactions. This increase was independent of alterations in TNF-induced expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. However, combined treatment with MIF and TNF induced de novo expression of P-selectin, which contributed to leukocyte rolling. In summary, these experiments reveal that endothelial cell-expressed MIF and exogenous MIF promote endothelial adhesive function via different pathways. Endogenous MIF promotes leukocyte recruitment via effects on endothelial expression of several adhesion molecules and chemokines, whereas exogenous MIF facilitates leukocyte recruitment induced by TNF by promoting endothelial P-selectin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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PERIDES GEORGE, LAUKKARINEN JOHANNAM, VASSILEVA GALYA, STEER MICHAELL. Biliary acute pancreatitis in mice is mediated by the G-protein-coupled cell surface bile acid receptor Gpbar1. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:715-25. [PMID: 19900448 PMCID: PMC2819588 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms by which reflux of bile acids into the pancreas induces pancreatitis are unknown. We reasoned that key events responsible for this phenomenon might be mediated by Gpbar1, a recently identified and widely expressed G-protein-coupled, cell surface bile acid receptor. METHODS Acute pancreatitis was induced in wild-type and Gpbar1(-/-) mice by either retrograde ductal infusion of taurolithocholic acid-3-sulfate (TLCS) or supramaximal secretagogue stimulation with caerulein. In vitro experiments were performed in which acini obtained from wild-type and Gpbar1(-/-) mice were exposed to either submicellar concentrations of TLCS (200-500 microM) or a supramaximally stimulating concentration of caerulein (10 nM). RESULTS Gpbar1 is expressed at the apical pole of acinar cells and its genetic deletion is associated with reduced hyperamylasemia, edema, inflammation, and acinar cell injury in TLCS-induced, but not caerulein-induced, pancreatitis. In vitro, genetic deletion of Gpbar1 is associated with markedly reduced generation of pathological calcium transients, intracellular activation of digestive zymogens, and cell injury when these responses are induced by exposure to TLCS, but not when they are induced by exposure to caerulein. CONCLUSIONS Gpbar1 may play a critical role in the evolution of bile-acid-induced pancreatitis by coupling exposure to bile acids with generation of pathological intracellular calcium transients, intra-acinar cell zymogen activation, and acinar cell injury. Acute biliary pancreatitis may be a "receptor-mediated" disease and interventions that interfere with Gpbar1 function might prove beneficial in the treatment and/or prevention of biliary acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GEORGE PERIDES
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, 860 Washington St., Boston, MA 02115
| | - JOHANNA M. LAUKKARINEN
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - GALYA VASSILEVA
- Department of Discovery Technologies, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth NJ 07033
| | - MICHAEL L. STEER
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, 860 Washington St., Boston, MA 02115
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Abstract
Stable adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium is crucial for transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes evoked during inflammatory responses, immune surveillance, and homing and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The basis of stable adhesion involves expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an inducible endothelial adhesive protein that serves as a counter-receptor for beta(2)-integrins on leukocytes. Interaction of ICAM-1 with beta(2)-integrins enables leukocytes to adhere firmly to the vascular endothelium and subsequently, to migrate across the endothelial barrier. The emerging paradigm is that ICAM-1, in addition to firmly capturing leukocytes, triggers intracellular signaling events that may contribute to active participation of the endothelium in facilitating the TEM of adherent leukocytes. The nature, duration, and intensity of ICAM-1-dependent signaling events may contribute to the determination of the route (paracellular vs. transcellular) of leukocyte passage; these aspects of ICAM-1 signaling may in turn be influenced by density and distribution of ICAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface, the source of endothelial cells it is present on, and the type of leukocytes with which it is engaged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the "ICAM-1 paradigm" of TEM with an emphasis on the signaling events mediating ICAM-1 expression and activated by ICAM-1 engagement in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Lefebvre P, Cariou B, Lien F, Kuipers F, Staels B. Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:147-91. [PMID: 19126757 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1137] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome has taken epidemic proportions in the past decades, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome can be defined as a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors including visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increased blood pressure, and hypercoagulability. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to the superfamily of ligand-activated nuclear receptor transcription factors. FXR is activated by bile acids, and FXR-deficient (FXR(-/-)) mice display elevated serum levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, demonstrating a critical role of FXR in lipid metabolism. In an opposite manner, activation of FXR by bile acids (BAs) or nonsteroidal synthetic FXR agonists lowers plasma triglycerides by a mechanism that may involve the repression of hepatic SREBP-1c expression and/or the modulation of glucose-induced lipogenic genes. A cross-talk between BA and glucose metabolism was recently identified, implicating both FXR-dependent and FXR-independent pathways. The first indication for a potential role of FXR in diabetes came from the observation that hepatic FXR expression is reduced in animal models of diabetes. While FXR(-/-) mice display both impaired glucose tolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity, activation of FXR improves hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in vivo in diabetic mice. Finally, a recent report also indicates that BA may regulate energy expenditure in a FXR-independent manner in mice, via activation of the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5. Taken together, these findings suggest that modulation of FXR activity and BA metabolism may open new attractive pharmacological approaches for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Lille, France
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Traub RJ, Tang B, Ji Y, Pandya S, Yfantis H, Sun Y. A rat model of chronic postinflammatory visceral pain induced by deoxycholic acid. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:2075-83. [PMID: 19000677 PMCID: PMC2782449 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic visceral hyperalgesia is considered an important pathophysiologic symptom in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); previous gastrointestinal inflammation is a potent etiologic factor for developing IBS. Although there are several animal models of adult visceral hypersensitivity after neonatal perturbation or acute colonic irritation/inflammation, current models of postinflammatory chronic visceral hyperalgesia are unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to establish a model of chronic visceral hyperalgesia after colonic inflammation in the rat. METHODS Deoxycholic acid (DCA) was instilled into the rat colon daily for 3 days and animals were tested for up to 4 weeks. RESULTS DCA induced mild, transient colonic inflammation within 3 days that resolved within 3 weeks. An exaggerated visceromotor response, referred pain to mechanical stimulation, increased spinal Fos expression, and colonic afferent and dorsal horn neuron activity were apparent by 1 week and persisted for at least 4 weeks, indicating chronic dorsal horn hyperexcitability and visceral hyperalgesia. There was no spontaneous pain, based on open field behavior. There was a significant increase in opioid-receptor activity. CONCLUSIONS DCA induces mild, transient colitis, resulting in persistent visceral hyperalgesia and referred pain in rats, modeling some aspects of postinflammatory IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yaping Ji
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sangeeta Pandya
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harris Yfantis
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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Kida T, Murata T, Hori M, Ozaki H. Chronic stimulation of farnesoid X receptor impairs nitric oxide sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 296:H195-201. [PMID: 19011043 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00679.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is highly expressed in enterohepatic tissue, is implicated in bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolisms. Although recent studies showed that FXR is also expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, its physiological and/or pathological roles in vasculature tissue remain unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the chronic effect of synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 on vascular contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation using tissue culture procedure. In cultured rabbit mesenteric arteries, the treatment with 0.1-10 microM GW4064 for 7 days did not influence vascular contractility induced by high K(+) (15-65 mM), norepinephrine (0.1-100 microM), and endothelin-1 (0.1-100 nM). However, the chronic treatment with GW4064 (1-10 microM for 7 days) dose dependently impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by substance P (0.1-30 nM). In hematoxylin-eosin cross sectioning and en face immunostaining, GW4064 had no effects on the morphology of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In endothelium-denuded arteries treated with GW4064 (1-10 microM) for 7 days, 3 nM-100 microM sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation, but not membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8-bromoguanosine-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP; 1-100 microM)-induced vasorelaxation, was significantly impaired. In these GW4064-treated arteries, 1 muM sodium nitroprusside-induced intracellular cGMP elevations were impaired. In RT-PCR, any changes were detected in mRNA expression level of alpha(1)- and beta(1)-subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase. These results suggest that chronic stimulation of FXR impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation, which is due to decreased sensitivity of smooth muscle cells to nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kida
- Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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