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Kepreotis SV, Oh JG, Park M, Yoo J, Lee C, Mercola M, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D. Inhibition of miR-25 ameliorates cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction in aged mdx/utrn haploinsufficient (+/-) mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102174. [PMID: 38584818 PMCID: PMC10998245 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Increased cardiomyocyte cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) and interstitial fibrosis are major pathophysiological hallmarks that ultimately result in cardiac dysfunction. MicroRNA-25 (miR-25) has been identified as a suppressor of both sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog-7 (Smad7) proteins. In this study, we created a gene transfer using an miR-25 tough decoy (TuD) RNA inhibitor delivered via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) to evaluate the effect of miR-25 inhibition on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in aged dystrophin/utrophin haploinsufficient mice mdx/utrn (+/-), a validated transgenic murine model of DMD. We found that the intravenous delivery of AAV9 miR-25 TuD resulted in strong and stable inhibition of cardiac miR-25 levels, together with the restoration of SERCA2a and Smad7 expression. This was associated with the amelioration of cardiomyocyte interstitial fibrosis as well as recovered cardiac function. Furthermore, the direct quadricep intramuscular injection of AAV9 miR-25 TuD significantly restored skeletal muscle Smad7 expression, reduced tissue fibrosis, and enhanced skeletal muscle performance in mdx/utrn (+/-) mice. These results imply that miR-25 TuD gene transfer may be a novel therapeutic approach to restore cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis and abrogate tissue fibrosis in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha V. Kepreotis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Jae Gyun Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Cholong Lee
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roger J. Hajjar
- Mass General Brigham Gene and Cell Therapy Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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2
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Shalash R, Levi-Ferber M, Cohen C, Dori A, Brodie C, Henis-Korenblit S. Cross-species modeling of muscular dystrophy in Caenorhabditis elegans using patient-derived extracellular vesicles. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050412. [PMID: 38501170 PMCID: PMC11007864 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reliable disease models are critical for medicine advancement. Here, we established a versatile human disease model system using patient-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer a pathology-inducing cargo from a patient to a recipient naïve model organism. As a proof of principle, we applied EVs from the serum of patients with muscular dystrophy to Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrated their capability to induce a spectrum of muscle pathologies, including lifespan shortening and robust impairment of muscle organization and function. This demonstrates that patient-derived EVs can deliver disease-relevant pathologies between species and can be exploited for establishing novel and personalized models of human disease. Such models can potentially be used for disease diagnosis, prognosis, analyzing treatment responses, drug screening and identification of the disease-transmitting cargo of patient-derived EVs and their cellular targets. This system complements traditional genetic disease models and enables modeling of multifactorial diseases and of those not yet associated with specific genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewayd Shalash
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mor Levi-Ferber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Coral Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaya Brodie
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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3
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Nie C, Wang B, Fan M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Highland Barley Tea Polyphenols Extract Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Senescence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:739-748. [PMID: 36538519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The tea of roasted Highland barley is a cereal-based drink rich in polyphenols. A model of skeletal muscle senescence and fibrosis was constructed using d-galactose-induced C2C12 myotubes, and Highland barley tea Polyphenols (HBP) were extracted for the intervention. We found that HBP effectively alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by d-galactose-induced skeletal muscle senescence. Also, HBP treatment significantly down-regulated pro-fibrotic genes, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels in a contusion model of senescent mice. Reduced levels of SIRT3 protein was found to be an essential factor in skeletal muscle senescence and fibrosis in both cellular and animal models, while HBP treatment significantly increased SIRT3 protein levels and viability in skeletal muscle. The ability of HBP to mitigate skeletal muscle fibrosis and oxidative stress was significantly reduced after SIRT3 silencing. Together, these results suggest that HBP intervention can significantly alleviate aging-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal muscle fibrosis, with the activation of SIRT3 as the underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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4
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Brashear SE, Wohlgemuth RP, Hu LY, Jbeily EH, Christiansen BA, Smith LR. Collagen cross-links scale with passive stiffness in dystrophic mouse muscles, but are not altered with administration of a lysyl oxidase inhibitor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271776. [PMID: 36302059 PMCID: PMC9612445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lack of functional dystrophin leads to myofiber instability and progressive muscle damage that results in fibrosis. While fibrosis is primarily characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, there are changes in ECM architecture during fibrosis that relate more closely to functional muscle stiffness. One of these architectural changes in dystrophic muscle is collagen cross-linking, which has been shown to increase the passive muscle stiffness in models of fibrosis including the mdx mouse, a model of DMD. We tested whether the intraperitoneal injections of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase, would reduce collagen cross-linking and passive stiffness in young and adult mdx mice compared to saline-injected controls. We found no significant differences between BAPN treated and saline treated mice in collagen cross-linking and stiffness parameters. However, we observed that while collagen cross-linking and passive stiffness scaled positively in dystrophic muscles, collagen fiber alignment scaled with passive stiffness distinctly between muscles. We also observed that the dystrophic diaphragm showed the most dramatic fibrosis in terms of collagen content, cross-linking, and stiffness. Overall, we show that while BAPN was not effective at reducing collagen cross-linking, the positive association between collagen cross-linking and stiffness in dystrophic muscles still show cross-linking as a viable target for reducing passive muscle stiffness in DMD or other fibrotic muscle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Brashear
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ross P. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lin-Ya Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elias H. Jbeily
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Blaine A. Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Lucas R. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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6
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Han H, Li M, Liu H, Li H. Electroacupuncture regulates inflammation, collagen deposition and macrophage function in skeletal muscle through the TGF-β1/Smad3/p38/ERK1/2 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1457. [PMID: 34737797 PMCID: PMC8561769 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury is one of the most common sports injury, which accounts for ~40% of all sports-related injuries among the elderly. In addition, cases of full recovery from treatment are rare. Although electroacupuncture (EA) is an integral aspect of traditional Chinese medicine, the effects of EA on skeletal muscle fibrosis and the possible underlying mechanism remain unclear. To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of EA on skeletal inflammation, collagen deposition and macrophage function, a skeletal muscle injury model was established by injecting 100 µl cardiotoxin into the anterior tibial muscle of Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were randomly divided into the following three groups: Control, model and EA. The expression of inflammation-related factors (IL-6, IL-4, IL-33, IL-10 and TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. H&E staining, Masson's staining and immunohistochemistry (collagen II, Axin2 and β-catenin) were performed to assess collagen deposition and fibrosis in the muscle tissues. Additionally, immunofluorescence was performed to measure the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages. Western blotting was performed to examine the activity of the TGF-β1/Smad3/p38/ERK1/2 pathway. Compared with that in the control rats, the mental state, such as the degree of activity and excitement, of the model rats deteriorated, with clear activity limitations. Compared with those in the model rats, EA-treated rats exhibited improved mental status and activity, reduced levels of IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-α, reduced collagen deposition and fibrosis, in addition to increased expression of IL-33 and IL-10. This improvement became increasingly evident with prolonged intervention time. EA also promoted the transformation of macrophages from the M1 into the M2 sub-type, where the M1/M2 ratio on day 7 was lower compared with that on day 14. Western blotting results showed that compared with that in the model rats, the expression of TGF-β1, MMP-2, MMP-7 and the activation of Smad3 and p38 was decreased in EA-treated rats, whilst the activation of ERK1/2 was significantly elevated. In conclusion, EA can inhibit inflammation and collagen deposition whilst promoting the transformation of macrophages from the M1 into the M2 sub-type. The underlying mechanism was found to be associated with TGF-β1/Smad3/p38/ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hubei Provincial Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Department of Neurological Physical Therapy, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Bo Ai Hospital, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Haohan Li
- The Facility of Business and Law, Deakin University Health Faculty, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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7
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Dial AG, Grafham GK, Monaco CMF, Voth J, Brandt L, Tarnopolsky MA, Hawke TJ. Alterations in skeletal muscle repair in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C876-C883. [PMID: 34586898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Though preclinical models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit impaired muscle regeneration, this has yet to be investigated in humans with T1D. Here, we investigated the impact of damaging exercise (eccentric quadriceps contractions) in 18 physically active young adults with and without T1D. Pre- and postexercise (48 h and 96 h), the participants provided blood samples, vastus lateralis biopsies, and performed maximal voluntary quadriceps contractions (MVCs). Skeletal muscle sarcolemmal integrity, extracellular matrix (ECM) content, and satellite cell (SC) content/proliferation were assessed by immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy was used to quantify ultrastructural damage. MVC was comparable between T1D and controls before exercise. Postexercise, MVC was decreased in both groups, but subjects with T1D exhibited moderately lower strength recovery at both 48 h and 96 h. Serum creatine kinase, an indicator of muscle damage, was moderately higher in participants with T1D at rest and exhibited a small elevation 96 h postexercise. Participants with T1D showed lower SC content at all timepoints and demonstrated a moderate delay in SC proliferation after exercise. A greater number of myofibers exhibited sarcolemmal damage (disrupted dystrophin) and increased ECM (laminin) content in participants with T1D despite no differences between groups in ultrastructural damage as assessed by electron microscopy. Finally, transcriptomic analyses revealed dysregulated gene networks involving RNA translation and mitochondrial respiration, providing potential explanations for previous observations of mitochondrial dysfunction in similar cohorts with T1D. Our findings indicate that skeletal muscle in young adults with moderately controlled T1D is altered after damaging exercise, suggesting that longer recovery times following intense exercise may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Voth
- Research and Evaluation Services Department, Hôtel-Dieu Grace Healthcare, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Yao S, Chen Z, Yu Y, Zhang N, Jiang H, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Current Pharmacological Strategies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689533. [PMID: 34490244 PMCID: PMC8417245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked neuromuscular disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin protein, which is essential for muscle fiber integrity. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent myofiber damage, chronic inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and dysfunction of muscle stem cells. There is still no cure for DMD so far and the standard of care is principally limited to symptom relief through glucocorticoids treatments. Current therapeutic strategies could be divided into two lines. Dystrophin-targeted therapeutic strategies that aim at restoring the expression and/or function of dystrophin, including gene-based, cell-based and protein replacement therapies. The other line of therapeutic strategies aims to improve muscle function and quality by targeting the downstream pathological changes, including inflammation, fibrosis, and muscle atrophy. This review introduces the important developments in these two lines of strategies, especially those that have entered the clinical phase and/or have great potential for clinical translation. The rationale and efficacy of each agent in pre-clinical or clinical studies are presented. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of gene profiling in DMD patients has been performed to understand the molecular mechanisms of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Baoting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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9
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Jain PP, Zhao T, Xiong M, Song S, Lai N, Zheng Q, Chen J, Carr SG, Babicheva A, Izadi A, Rodriguez M, Rahimi S, Balistrieri F, Rahimi S, Simonson T, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Halofuginone, a promising drug for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3373-3394. [PMID: 33694155 PMCID: PMC9792225 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Halofuginone is a febrifugine derivative originally isolated from Chinese traditional herb Chang Shan that exhibits anti-hypertrophic, anti-fibrotic and anti-proliferative effects. We sought to investigate whether halofuginone induced pulmonary vasodilation and attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Patch-clamp experiments were conducted to examine the activity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Digital fluorescence microscopy was used to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentration in PASMCs. Isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs were used to measure pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Mice exposed to hypoxia (10% O2 ) for 4 weeks were used as model of HPH for in vivo experiments. KEY RESULTS Halofuginone increased voltage-gated K+ (Kv ) currents in PASMCs and K+ currents through KCNA5 channels in HEK cells transfected with KCNA5 gene. HF (0.03-1 μM) inhibited receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in HEK cells transfected with calcium-sensing receptor gene and attenuated store-operated Ca2+ entry in PASMCs. Acute (3-5 min) intrapulmonary application of halofuginone significantly and reversibly inhibited alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction dose-dependently (0.1-10 μM). Intraperitoneal administration of halofuginone (0.3 mg·kg-1 , for 2 weeks) partly reversed established PH in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Halofuginone is a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking VDCC and receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ channels in PASMCs. The therapeutic effect of halofuginone on experimental PH is probably due to combination of its vasodilator effects, via inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and anti-proliferative effects, via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amin Izadi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shamin Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shayan Rahimi
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Y.-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Murphy AP, Greally E, O'Hogain D, Blamire A, Caravan P, Straub V. Use of EP3533-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Measure of Disease Progression in Skeletal Muscle of mdx Mice. Front Neurol 2021; 12:636719. [PMID: 34220666 PMCID: PMC8248789 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.636719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As putative treatments are developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), sensitive, non-invasive measures are increasingly important to quantify disease progression. Fibrosis is one of the histological hallmarks of muscular dystrophy and has been directly linked to prognosis. EP3533 is a novel contrast agent with an affinity to collagen 1 that has demonstrated a significant and high correlation to ex vivo fibrosis quantification. Halofuginone is an established anti-fibrotic compound shown to reduce collagen skeletal muscle fibrosis in murine models of DMD. This experiment explored whether EP3533 could be used to detect signal change in skeletal muscle of mdx mice before and after a 12 week course of halofuginone compared to controls. Four age-matched groups of treated and untreated mice were evaluated: 2 groups of mdx (n = 8 and n = 13, respectively), and 2 groups of BL10 mice (n = 5 and n = 3, respectively). Treated mice received an intraperitoneal injection with halofuginone three times per week for 12 weeks, with the remaining mice being given vehicle. Both mdx groups and the untreated BL10 were scanned at baseline, then all groups were scanned on week 13. All subjects were scanned using a 7T Varian scanner before and after administration of EP3533 using a T1 mapping technique. Mice underwent grip testing in week 13 prior to dissection. Skeletal muscle was used for Masson's trichrome quantification, hydroxyproline assay, and immunofluorescent antibody staining. Untreated mdx mice demonstrated a significant increase in R1 signal from pre- to post-treatment scan in three out of four muscles (gastrocnemius p = 0.04, hamstrings p = 0.009, and tibialis anterior p = 0.01), which was not seen in either the treated mdx or the BL10 groups. Histological quantification of fibrosis also demonstrated significantly higher levels in the untreated mdx mice with significant correlation seen between histology and EP3533 signal change. Forelimb weight adjusted-grip strength was significantly lower in the untreated mdx group, compared to the treated group. EP3533 can be used over time as an outcome measure to quantify treatment effect of an established anti-fibrotic drug. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of this contrast agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Peter Murphy
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomics, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Greally
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dara O'Hogain
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Blamire
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Caravan
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Volker Straub
- The Institute of Cancer and Genomics, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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11
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Brashear SE, Wohlgemuth RP, Gonzalez G, Smith LR. Passive stiffness of fibrotic skeletal muscle in mdx mice relates to collagen architecture. J Physiol 2021; 599:943-962. [PMID: 33247944 PMCID: PMC9926974 DOI: 10.1113/jp280656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The amount of fibrotic material in dystrophic mouse muscles relates to contractile function, but not passive function. Collagen fibres in skeletal muscle are associated with increased passive muscle stiffness in fibrotic muscles. The alignment of collagen is independently associated with passive stiffness in dystrophic skeletal muscles. These outcomes demonstrate that collagen architecture rather than collagen content should be a target of anti-fibrotic therapies to treat muscle stiffness. ABSTRACT Fibrosis is prominent in many skeletal muscle pathologies including dystrophies, neurological disorders, cachexia, chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia and metabolic disorders. Fibrosis in muscle is associated with decreased contractile forces and increased passive stiffness that limits joint mobility leading to contractures. However, the assumption that more fibrotic material is directly related to decreased function has not held true. Here we utilize novel measurement of extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen architecture to relate ECM form to muscle function. We used mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy that becomes fibrotic, and wildtype mice. In this model, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was significantly stiffer, but with similar total collagen, while the soleus muscle did not change stiffness, but increased collagen. The stiffness of the EDL was associated with increased collagen crosslinking as determined by collagen solubility. Measurement of ECM alignment using polarized light microscopy showed a robust relationship between stiffness and alignment for wildtype muscle that broke down in mdx muscles. Direct visualization of large collagen fibres with second harmonic generation imaging revealed their relative abundance in stiff muscles. Collagen fibre alignment was linked to stiffness across all muscles investigated and the most significant factor in a multiple linear regression-based model of muscle stiffness from ECM parameters. This work establishes novel characteristics of skeletal muscle ECM architecture and provides evidence for a mechanical function of collagen fibres in muscle. This finding suggests that anti-fibrotic strategies to enhance muscle function and excessive stiffness should target large collagen fibres and their alignment rather than total collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Brashear
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis
| | - Ross P. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis
| | - Gabriella Gonzalez
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis
| | - Lucas R. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis
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13
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Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Lubian-Gutierrez M, Cascales-Poyatos HM, Perez-Reviriego AA, Castellano-Martinez A. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Dystrophin-Deficient Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010356. [PMID: 33396334 PMCID: PMC7796305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy (DDC) is currently the leading cause of death in patients with dystrophinopathies. Targeting myocardial fibrosis (MF) has become a major therapeutic goal in order to prevent the occurrence of DDC. We aimed to review and summarize the current evidence about the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the development and perpetuation of MF in DCC. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed English literature on PubMed about this subject. We found increasing preclinical evidence from studies in animal models during the last 20 years pointing out a central role of RAAS in the development of MF in DDC. Local tissue RAAS acts directly mainly through its main fibrotic component angiotensin II (ANG2) and its transducer receptor (AT1R) and downstream TGF-b pathway. Additionally, it modulates the actions of most of the remaining pro-fibrotic factors involved in DDC. Despite limited clinical evidence, RAAS blockade constitutes the most studied, available and promising therapeutic strategy against MF and DDC. Conclusion: Based on the evidence reviewed, it would be recommendable to start RAAS blockade therapy through angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or AT1R blockers (ARBs) alone or in combination with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRa) at the youngest age after the diagnosis of dystrophinopathies, in order to delay the occurrence or slow the progression of MF, even before the detection of any cardiovascular alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Pediatric Cardiology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956002700
| | - Manuel Lubian-Gutierrez
- Pediatric Neurology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Pediatric Division of Doctor Cayetano Roldan Primary Care Center, 11100 San Fernando, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Castellano-Martinez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Pediatric Nephrology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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14
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Rigon M, Hörner SJ, Straka T, Bieback K, Gretz N, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Effects of ASC Application on Endplate Regeneration Upon Glycerol-Induced Muscle Damage. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:107. [PMID: 32655366 PMCID: PMC7324987 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst other approaches, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have recently been tested with respect to their regenerative capacity for treatment of neuromuscular disorders. While beneficial effects of ASCs on muscle recovery were observed previously, their impact on regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is unclear. Here, we used a murine glycerol damage model to study disruption and regeneration of NMJs and to evaluate the effects of systemic application of ASCs on muscle and NMJ recovery. In mice that were not treated with ASCs, a differential response of NMJ pre- and post-synapses to glycerol-induced damage was observed. While post-synapses were still present in regions that were necrotic and lacking actin and dystrophin, pre-synapses disappeared soon in those affected areas. Partial regeneration of NMJs occurred within 11 days after damage. ASC treatment slightly enhanced NMJ recovery and reduced the loss of presynaptic sites, but also led to a late phase of muscle necrosis and fibrosis. In summary, the results suggest a differential sensitivity of NMJ pre- and post-synapses to glycerol-induced muscle damage and that the use of ASC for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders needs further careful evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rigon
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tatjana Straka
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Biltz NK, Collins KH, Shen KC, Schwartz K, Harris CA, Meyer GA. Infiltration of intramuscular adipose tissue impairs skeletal muscle contraction. J Physiol 2020; 598:2669-2683. [PMID: 32358797 PMCID: PMC8767374 DOI: 10.1113/jp279595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Muscle infiltration with adipose tissue (IMAT) is common and associated with loss of skeletal muscle strength and physical function across a diverse set of pathologies. Whether the association between IMAT and muscle weakness is causative or simply correlative remains an open question that needs to be addressed to effectively guide muscle strengthening interventions in people with increased IMAT. In the present studies, we demonstrate that IMAT deposition causes decreased muscle strength using mouse models. These findings indicate IMAT is a novel therapeutic target for muscle dysfunction. ABSTRACT Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is associated with deficits in strength and physical function across a wide array of conditions, from injury to ageing to metabolic disease. Due to the diverse aetiologies of the primary disorders involving IMAT and the strength of the associations, it has long been proposed that IMAT directly contributes to this muscle dysfunction. However, infiltration of IMAT and reduced strength could both be driven by muscle disuse, injury and systemic disease, making IMAT simply an 'innocent bystander.' Here, we utilize novel mouse models to evaluate the direct effect of IMAT on muscle contraction. First, we utilize intramuscular glycerol injection in wild-type mice to evaluate IMAT in the absence of systemic disease. In this model we find that, in isolation from the neuromuscular and circulatory systems, there remains a muscle-intrinsic association between increased IMAT volume and decreased contractile tension (r2 > 0.5, P < 0.01) that cannot be explained by reduction in contractile material. Second, we utilize a lipodystrophic mouse model which cannot generate adipocytes to 'rescue' the deficits. We demonstrate that without IMAT infiltration, glycerol treatment does not reduce contractile force (P > 0.8). Taken together, this indicates that IMAT is not an inert feature of muscle pathology but rather has a direct impact on muscle contraction. This finding suggests that novel strategies targeting IMAT may improve muscle strength and function in a number of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Biltz
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO
| | - Karen C Shen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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16
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Anti-Inflammatory and General Glucocorticoid Physiology in Skeletal Muscles Affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Exploration of Steroid-Sparing Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134596. [PMID: 32605223 PMCID: PMC7369834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the activation of proinflammatory and metabolic cellular pathways in skeletal muscle cells is an inherent characteristic. Synthetic glucocorticoid intake counteracts the majority of these mechanisms. However, glucocorticoids induce burdensome secondary effects, including hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weight gain, growth delay, skin thinning, cushingoid appearance, and tissue-specific glucocorticoid resistance. Hence, lowering the glucocorticoid dosage could be beneficial for DMD patients. A more profound insight into the major cellular pathways that are stabilized after synthetic glucocorticoid administration in DMD is needed when searching for the molecules able to achieve similar pathway stabilization. This review provides a concise overview of the major anti-inflammatory pathways, as well as the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids in the skeletal muscle affected in DMD. The known drugs able to stabilize these pathways, and which could potentially be combined with glucocorticoid therapy as steroid-sparing agents, are described. This could create new opportunities for testing in DMD animal models and/or clinical trials, possibly leading to smaller glucocorticoids dosage regimens for DMD patients.
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17
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Afroz S, Shama, Battu S, Matin S, Solouki S, Elmore JP, Minhas G, Huang W, August A, Khan N. Amino acid starvation enhances vaccine efficacy by augmenting neutralizing antibody production. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/607/eaav4717. [PMID: 31719173 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specific reduction in the intake of proteins or amino acids (AAs) offers enormous health benefits, including increased life span, protection against age-associated disorders, and improved metabolic fitness and immunity. Cells respond to conditions of AA starvation by activating the amino acid starvation response (AAR). Here, we showed that mimicking AAR with halofuginone (HF) enhanced the magnitude and affinity of neutralizing, antigen-specific antibody responses in mice immunized with dengue virus envelope domain III protein (DENVrEDIII), a potent vaccine candidate against DENV. HF enhanced the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and increased the production of the cytokine IL-10 in the secondary lymphoid organs of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, HF promoted the transcription of genes associated with memory B cell formation and maintenance and maturation of GCs in the draining lymph nodes of vaccinated mice. The increased abundance of IL-10 in HF-preconditioned mice correlated with enhanced GC responses and may promote the establishment of long-lived plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific, high-affinity antibodies. Thus, these data suggest that mimetics of AA starvation could provide an alternative strategy to augment the efficacy of vaccines against dengue and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Afroz
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Shama
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Srikanth Battu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Shaikh Matin
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Sabrina Solouki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jessica P Elmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gillipsie Minhas
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India.
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18
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Potential Therapies Using Myogenic Stem Cells Combined with Bio-Engineering Approaches for Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091066. [PMID: 31514443 PMCID: PMC6769835 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding the structural components of myofibres. The current state-of-the-art treatment is oligonucleotide-based gene therapy that restores disease-related protein. However, this therapeutic approach has limited efficacy and is unlikely to be curative. While the number of studies focused on cell transplantation therapy has increased in the recent years, this approach remains challenging due to multiple issues related to the efficacy of engrafted cells, source of myogenic cells, and systemic injections. Technical innovation has contributed to overcoming cell source challenges, and in recent studies, a combination of muscle resident stem cells and gene editing has shown promise as a novel approach. Furthermore, improvement of the muscular environment both in cultured donor cells and in recipient MD muscles may potentially facilitate cell engraftment. Artificial skeletal muscle generated by myogenic cells and muscle resident cells is an alternate approach that may enable the replacement of damaged tissues. Here, we review the current status of myogenic stem cell transplantation therapy, describe recent advances, and discuss the remaining obstacles that exist in the search for a cure for MD patients.
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19
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Liu X, Zeng Z, Zhao L, Chen P, Xiao W. Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Induced by Macrophage Depletion Could Be Partly Ameliorated by MGF Injection. Front Physiol 2019; 10:601. [PMID: 31164836 PMCID: PMC6534059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury is one of the most common injuries in sports medicine. Our previous study found that macrophage depletion impairs muscle regeneration and that mechano growth factor (MGF) may play an important role in this process. However, whether injection of MGF protects against impaired muscle regeneration after macrophage depletion has not been explored. Therefore, we generated a muscle contusion and macrophage depletion mouse model and injected MGF into the damaged muscle. Comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses were performed on the injured skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion and MGF injection. The results showed that injection of MGF did not exert a protective effect on muscle fiber regeneration; however, it did decrease fibrosis in the contused skeletal muscle after macrophage depletion. Moreover, MGF injection decreased the expression of muscle inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCR4), oxidative stress factors (gp91phox) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-14). These results suggest that the impairment of skeletal muscle regeneration induced by macrophage depletion could be partly ameliorated by MGF injection and that inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress factors, chemokines, and MMP may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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20
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Liu X, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Xiao W. BMSC Transplantation Aggravates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis and Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30814953 PMCID: PMC6382023 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contusion is one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine and traumatology. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been proposed as a promising strategy to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of BMSCs in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration are still not completely clear. Here, we investigated the role of BMSC transplantation after muscle contusion. BMSCs were immediately transplanted into gastrocnemius muscles (GMs) following direct contusion. Comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses were performed after BMSC transplantation. BMSC transplantation exacerbated muscle fibrosis and inflammation, as evidenced by increased leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and increased matrix metalloproteinases. BMSC transplantation also increased muscle oxidative stress. Overall, BMSC transplantation aggravated inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. These results, shed new light on the role of BMSCs in regenerative medicine and indicate that caution is needed in the application of BMSCs for muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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21
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sPIF promotes myoblast differentiation and utrophin expression while inhibiting fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy via the H19/miR-675/let-7 and miR-21 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30692507 PMCID: PMC6349844 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, lethal, X-linked disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Loss of dystrophin leads to muscle fiber damage and impairment of satellite cell asymmetric division, which are essential for muscle regeneration. These processes ultimately result in muscle wasting and the replacement of the degenerating muscles by fibrogenic cells, a process that leads to the generation of fibrotic tissues. Preimplantation factor (PIF) is an evolutionary conserved 15-amino acid peptide secreted by viable mammalian embryos. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) reproduces the protective/regenerative effects of the endogenous peptide in immune disorders and transplantation models. In this study, we demonstrated that sPIF treatment promoted mouse and human myoblast differentiation and inhibited the expression of collagen 1A1, collagen 1A2, and TGF-β in DMD patient-derived myoblasts. Additionally, sPIF increased the expression of utrophin, a homolog of dystrophin protein. sPIF effects were mediated via the upregulation of lncRNA H19 and miR-675 and downregulation of let-7. sPIF also inhibited the expression of miR-21, a major fibrosis regulator. The administration of sPIF in mdx mice significantly decreased serum creatine kinase and collagen I and collagen IV expression in the diaphragm, whereas it increased utrophin expression in the diaphragm, heart and quadriceps muscles. In conclusion, sPIF promoted the differentiation of DMD myoblasts, increased utrophin expression via the H19/miRNA-675/let-7 pathway, and reduced muscle fibrosis possibly via the upregulation of miR-675 and inhibition of miR-21 expression. These findings strongly support pursuing sPIF as a potential therapeutic agent for DMD. Moreover, the completion of an sPIF phase I safety trial will further promote the use of sPIF for the treatment of muscular dystrophies.
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22
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Skeletal muscle fibrosis: an overview. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:575-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Bier A, Berenstein P, Kronfeld N, Morgoulis D, Ziv-Av A, Goldstein H, Kazimirsky G, Cazacu S, Meir R, Popovtzer R, Dori A, Brodie C. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their exosomes exert therapeutic effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biomaterials 2018; 174:67-78. [PMID: 29783118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative lethal, X-linked disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Cell therapy using different cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), has been considered as a potential approach for the treatment of DMD. MSCs can be obtained from autologous sources such as bone marrow and adipose tissues or from allogeneic placenta and umbilical cord. The safety and therapeutic impact of these cells has been demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies and their functions are attributed to paracrine effects that are mediated by secreted cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Here, we studied the therapeutic effects of placenta-derived MSCs (PL-MSCs) and their secreted exosomes using mouse and human myoblasts from healthy controls, Duchenne patients and mdx mice. Treatment of myoblasts with conditioned medium or exosomes secreted by PL-MSCs increased the differentiation of these cells and decreased the expression of fibrogenic genes in DMD patient myoblasts. In addition, these treatments also increased the expression of utrophin in these cells. Using a quantitative miR-29c reporter, we demonstrated that the PL-MSC effects were partly mediated by the transfer of exosomal miR-29c. Intramuscular transplantation of PL-MSCs in mdx mice resulted in decreased creatine kinase levels. PL-MSCs significantly decreased the expression of TGF-β and the level of fibrosis in the diaphragm and cardiac muscles, inhibited inflammation and increased utrophin expression. In vivo imaging analyses using MSCs labeled with gold nanoparticles or fluorescent dyes demonstrated localization of the cells in the muscle tissues up to 3 weeks post treatment. Altogether, these results demonstrate that PL-MSCs and their secreted exosomes have important clinical applications in cell therapy of DMD partly via the targeted delivery of exosomal miR-29c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Bier
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Peter Berenstein
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Kronfeld
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Daria Morgoulis
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amotz Ziv-Av
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hodaya Goldstein
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gila Kazimirsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rinat Meir
- Faculty of Engineering & Institutes of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & Institutes of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Chaya Brodie
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; ExoStem Biotec, Israel.
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Yu S, Zuo X, Shen T, Duan Y, Mao Z, Gao C. A density gradient of VAPG peptides on a cell-resisting surface achieves selective adhesion and directional migration of smooth muscle cells over fibroblasts. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:70-81. [PMID: 29635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective adhesion and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) over fibroblasts (FIBs) is required to prevent adventitia fibrosis in vascular regeneration. In this study, a uniform cell-resisting layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a density gradient of azide groups was generated on a substrate by immobilizing two kinds of PEG molecules in a gradient manner. A density gradient of alkynyl-functionalized Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VAPG) peptides was then prepared on the PEG layer via click chemistry. The VAPG density gradient was characterized by fluorescence imaging, revealing the gradual enhancement of the fluorescent intensity along the substrate direction. The adhesion and mobility of SMCs were selectively enhanced on the VAPG density gradient, leading to directional migration toward the higher peptide density (up to 84%). In contrast, the adhesion and mobility of FIBs were significantly weakened. The net displacement of SMCs also significantly increased compared with that on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and that of FIBs on the gradient. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways related to cell migration were studied, showing higher expressions of functional proteins from SMCs on the VAPG-modified surface in a density-dependent manner. For the first time the selective adhesion and directional migration of SMCs over FIBs was achieved by an elaborative design of a gradient surface, leading to a new insight in design of novel vascular regenerative materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Selective cell adhesion and migration guided by regenerative biomaterials are extremely important for the regeneration of targeted tissues, which can avoid the drawbacks of incorrect and uncontrolled responses of tissue cells to implants. For example, selectivity of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) over fibroblasts (FIBs) is required to prevent adventitia fibrosis in vascular regeneration. Herein we prepare a uniform cell-repelling layer, on which SMCs-selective Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VAPG) peptides are immobilized in a continuous manner. Selective adhesion and enhanced and directional migration of SMCs over FIBs are achieved by the interplay of cell-repelling layer and gradient SMCs-selective VAPG peptides, paving a new way for the design of novel vascular grafts with enhanced biological performance.
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25
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Battu S, Afroz S, Giddaluru J, Naz S, Huang W, Khumukcham SS, Khan RA, Bhat SY, Qureshi IA, Manavathi B, Khan AA, August A, Hasnain SE, Khan N. Amino acid starvation sensing dampens IL-1β production by activating riboclustering and autophagy. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005317. [PMID: 29621237 PMCID: PMC5903674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the amino acid starvation response (AAR) increases lifespan and acute stress resistance as well as regulates inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that activation of AAR pharmacologically by Halofuginone (HF) significantly inhibits production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and provides protection from intestinal inflammation in mice. HF inhibits IL-1β through general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2)–dependent activation of the cytoprotective integrated stress response (ISR) pathway, resulting in rerouting of IL-1β mRNA from translationally active polysomes to inactive ribocluster complexes—such as stress granules (SGs)—via recruitment of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) T cell–restricted intracellular antigen-1(TIA-1)/TIA-1–related (TIAR), which are further cleared through induction of autophagy. GCN2 ablation resulted in reduced autophagy and SG formation, which is inversely correlated with IL-1β production. Furthermore, HF diminishes inflammasome activation through suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our study unveils a novel mechanism by which IL-1β is regulated by AAR and further suggests that administration of HF might offer an effective therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases. Reduced intake of food (also known as dietary restriction) without malnutrition has been shown to benefit health in humans and animals, including an increase in life expectancy, metabolic fitness, and resistance to acute stress. Recent studies have attributed the benefits associated with dietary restriction to the reduced intake of amino acids. However, the underlying mechanisms through which amino acid restriction regulates various homeostatic processes are poorly defined. Here, we show that activation of amino acid starvation response (AAR) by the small molecule Halofuginone (HF) results in a significant inhibition of production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory mediator. We find that AAR provides protection from intestinal inflammation–associated pathology in a mouse model of colitis through a novel mechanism involving the formation of riboclusters (groups of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and stalled mRNA complexes) and autophagy. We further show that HF-mediated inhibition in IL-1β production is dependent on general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2), an amino acid deprivation sensor. This study provides the mechanisms regulating AAR-induced benefits in the context of inflammation and further suggests that the administration of HF might offer an effective therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Battu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sumbul Afroz
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jeevan Giddaluru
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saima Naz
- Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rafiq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saleem Yousuf Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Insaf Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
- Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Laboratory, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
- Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- * E-mail:
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Loehr JA, Wang S, Cully TR, Pal R, Larina IV, Larin KV, Rodney GG. NADPH oxidase mediates microtubule alterations and diaphragm dysfunction in dystrophic mice. eLife 2018; 7:31732. [PMID: 29381135 PMCID: PMC5812717 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle from mdx mice is characterized by increased Nox2 ROS, altered microtubule network, increased muscle stiffness, and decreased muscle/respiratory function. While microtubule de-tyrosination has been suggested to increase stiffness and Nox2 ROS production in isolated single myofibers, its role in altering tissue stiffness and muscle function has not been established. Because Nox2 ROS production is upregulated prior to microtubule network alterations and ROS affect microtubule formation, we investigated the role of Nox2 ROS in diaphragm tissue microtubule organization, stiffness and muscle/respiratory function. Eliminating Nox2 ROS prevents microtubule disorganization and reduces fibrosis and muscle stiffness in mdx diaphragm. Fibrosis accounts for the majority of variance in diaphragm stiffness and decreased function, implicating altered extracellular matrix and not microtubule de-tyrosination as a modulator of diaphragm tissue function. Ultimately, inhibiting Nox2 ROS production increased force and respiratory function in dystrophic diaphragm, establishing Nox2 as a potential therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Anthony Loehr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tanya R Cully
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Irina V Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, United States.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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27
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α-smooth muscle actin is not a marker of fibrogenic cell activity in skeletal muscle fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191031. [PMID: 29320561 PMCID: PMC5761950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is used as a marker for a subset of activated fibrogenic cells, myofibroblasts, which are regarded as important effector cells of tissue fibrogenesis. We address whether α-SMA-expressing myofibroblasts are detectable in fibrotic muscles of mdx5cv mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and whether the α-SMA expression correlates with the fibrogenic function of intramuscular fibrogenic cells. α-SMA immunostaining signal was not detected in collagen I (GFP)-expressing cells in fibrotic muscles of ColI-GFP/mdx5cv mice, but it was readily detected in smooth muscle cells lining intramuscular blood vessel walls. α-SMA expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot in fibrogenic cells sorted from diaphragm and quadriceps muscles of the ColI-GFP/mdx5cv mice. Consistent with the more severe fibrosis in the ColI-GFP/mdx5cv diaphragm, the fibrogenic cells in the diaphragm exerted a stronger fibrogenic function than the fibrogenic cells in the quadriceps as gauged by their extracellular matrix gene expression. However, both gene and protein expression of α-SMA was lower in the diaphragm fibrogenic cells than in the quadriceps fibrogenic cells in the ColI-GFP/mdx5cv mice. We conclude that myofibroblasts are present in fibrotic skeletal muscles, but their expression of α-SMA is not detectable by immunostaining. The level of α-SMA expression by intramuscular fibrogenic cells does not correlate positively with the level of collagen gene expression or the severity of skeletal muscle fibrosis in the mdx5cv mice. α-SMA is not a functional marker of fibrogenic cells in skeletal muscle fibrosis associated with muscular dystrophy.
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28
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Gaiad TP, Oliveira MX, Lobo AR, Libório LR, Pinto PAF, Fernandes DC, Santos AP, Ambrósio CE, Machado ASD. Low-intensity training provokes adaptive extracellular matrix turnover of a muscular dystrophy model. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:693-703. [PMID: 29326902 PMCID: PMC5747205 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735094.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations of therapeutic exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy are still controversial. The hypothesis that a low-intensity training (LIT) protocol leads to muscle adaptations on mdx mice model was tested. Dystrophic male mice with 8 weeks old were separated in exercised (mdxE, n= 8) and sedentary (mdxC, n= 8) groups. Wild-type mice were used as control (WT, n= 8) group. Exercised group underwent a LIT protocol (9 m/min, 30 min, 3 days/wk, 60 days) on a horizontal treadmill. At day 60 all animals were analyzed regarding parameters of markers of muscle lesion and extracellular matrix turnover of muscle tissue by collagens fibers on tibial anterior muscle. Histomorphometry attested that centrally located nuclei fibers and the coefficient of variance of minimal Feret’s diameter was similar in mdxE and mdxC groups (P= 1.000) and both groups presented higher mean values than WT group (P< 0.001). Fraction area of collagen fibers of mdxE group was lower than mdxC group (P= 0,027) and similar to WT group (P= 0,751). Intramuscular area of Col3 of the mdxE group was higher than mdxC and WT groups (P<0.001). Intramuscular area of Col1 on the mdxE group was similar to the mdxC group (P= 1.000) and both groups were higher than WT group (P< 0.001). LIT protocol had not influenced muscle injuries resulting from the dystrophin-deficiency membrane fragility. Although, LIT had provoked adaptations on extracellular matrix bringing higher elastic feature to dystrophic muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís P Gaiad
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Murilo X Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Adalfredo R Lobo
- Institute of Agriculture Scinces, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, Brazil
| | - Lívia R Libório
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Priscilla A F Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Danielle C Fernandes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Sander D Machado
- Faculty of Medicine FAMED, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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29
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Qin P, Arabacilar P, Bernard RE, Bao W, Olzinski AR, Guo Y, Lal H, Eisennagel SH, Platchek MC, Xie W, Del Rosario J, Nayal M, Lu Q, Roethke T, Schnackenberg CG, Wright F, Quaile MP, Halsey WS, Hughes AM, Sathe GM, Livi GP, Kirkpatrick RB, Qu XA, Rajpal DK, Faelth Savitski M, Bantscheff M, Joberty G, Bergamini G, Force TL, Gatto GJ, Hu E, Willette RN. Activation of the Amino Acid Response Pathway Blunts the Effects of Cardiac Stress. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004453. [PMID: 28487390 PMCID: PMC5524058 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid response (AAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protective mechanism activated by amino acid deficiency through a key kinase, general control nonderepressible 2. In addition to mobilizing amino acids, the AAR broadly affects gene and protein expression in a variety of pathways and elicits antifibrotic, autophagic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known regarding its role in cardiac stress. Our aim was to investigate the effects of halofuginone, a prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, on the AAR pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and in mouse models of cardiac stress and failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Consistent with its ability to inhibit prolyl-tRNA synthetase, halofuginone elicited a general control nonderepressible 2-dependent activation of the AAR pathway in cardiac fibroblasts as evidenced by activation of known AAR target genes, broad regulation of the transcriptome and proteome, and reversal by l-proline supplementation. Halofuginone was examined in 3 mouse models of cardiac stress: angiotensin II/phenylephrine, transverse aortic constriction, and acute ischemia reperfusion injury. It activated the AAR pathway in the heart, improved survival, pulmonary congestion, left ventricle remodeling/fibrosis, and left ventricular function, and rescued ischemic myocardium. In human cardiac fibroblasts, halofuginone profoundly reduced collagen deposition in a general control nonderepressible 2-dependent manner and suppressed the extracellular matrix proteome. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, halofuginone blocked gene expression associated with endothelin-1-mediated activation of pathologic hypertrophy and restored autophagy in a general control nonderepressible 2/eIF2α-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Halofuginone activated the AAR pathway in the heart and attenuated the structural and functional effects of cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Qin
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Pelin Arabacilar
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Roberta E Bernard
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Weike Bao
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Alan R Olzinski
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- Basic & Translational Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Hind Lal
- Basic & Translational Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephen H Eisennagel
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Michael C Platchek
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Julius Del Rosario
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Mohamad Nayal
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Quinn Lu
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Theresa Roethke
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Christine G Schnackenberg
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Fe Wright
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Michael P Quaile
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Wendy S Halsey
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Ashley M Hughes
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Ganesh M Sathe
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - George P Livi
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | | | - Xiaoyan A Qu
- Computational Biology, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Deepak K Rajpal
- Computational Biology, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | | | | | - Gerard Joberty
- Cellzome GmbH, A GSK Company, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | | | - Thomas L Force
- Basic & Translational Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Gregory J Gatto
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Erding Hu
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
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30
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Fibrosis development in early-onset muscular dystrophies: Mechanisms and translational implications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:181-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Mimicking Cardiac Fibrosis in a Dish: Fibroblast Density Rather than Collagen Density Weakens Cardiomyocyte Function. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:116-127. [PMID: 28281243 PMCID: PMC5437129 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most devastating effects of cardiac disease. Current in vitro models of cardiac fibrosis do not sufficiently mimic the complex in vivo environment of the cardiomyocyte. We determined the local composition and mechanical properties of the myocardium in established mouse models of genetic and acquired fibrosis and tested the effect of myocardial composition on cardiomyocyte contractility in vitro by systematically manipulating the number of fibroblasts and collagen concentration in a platform of engineered cardiac microtissues. The in vitro results showed that while increasing collagen content had little effect on microtissue contraction, increasing fibroblast density caused a significant reduction in contraction force. In addition, the beating frequency dropped significantly in tissues consisting of 50% cardiac fibroblasts or higher. Despite apparent dissimilarities between native and in vitro fibrosis, the latter allows for the independent analysis of local determinants of fibrosis, which is not possible in vivo.
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Gigliotti D, Xu MC, Davidson MJ, Macdonald PB, Leiter JRS, Anderson JE. Fibrosis, low vascularity, and fewer slow fibers after rotator-cuff injury. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:715-726. [PMID: 27571286 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotator-cuff injury (RCI) represents 50% of shoulder injuries, and prevalence increases with age. Even with successful tendon repair, muscle and joint function may not return. METHODS To explore the dysfunction, supraspinatus and ipsilateral deltoid (control) muscles were biopsied during arthroscopic RCI repair for pair-wise histological and protein-expression studies. RESULTS Supraspinatus showed fiber atrophy (P < 0.0001), fibrosis (by Sirius Red, P = 0.05), reduced vascular density (P < 0.001), and a lower proportion of slow fibers (P < 0.0001) compared with the ipsilateral control muscle. There were also higher levels of atrogin-1 (P = 0.05), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, P < 0.01), and dystrophin (P < 0.008, relative to fiber diameter) versus control. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive changes in vascular endothelial growth factor and dystrophin were likely associated with reduced vascular supply, fatigue resistance, and fibrosis, accompanied by disuse atrophy from mechanical unloading of supraspinatus after tendon tear. Treatment to promote growth and vascularity in atrophic supraspinatus muscle may help improve functional outcome after surgical repair. Muscle Nerve 55: 715-726, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Gigliotti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 212 Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark C Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences College of Medicine Departments of Surgery (Orthopedics) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael J Davidson
- Faculty of Health Sciences College of Medicine Department of Radiology at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Peter B Macdonald
- Faculty of Health Sciences College of Medicine Departments of Surgery (Orthopedics) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Pan Am Clinic, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jeff R S Leiter
- Faculty of Health Sciences College of Medicine Departments of Surgery (Orthopedics) at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Pan Am Clinic, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 212 Biological Sciences Building, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Allen J. Response of an ovine laryngeal injury model to a novel fibrosis inhibitor. ANZ J Surg 2016; 87:266-270. [PMID: 27878913 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vocal fold injury results in severe voice alteration that limits occupational function and social interaction. An ovine model of laryngeal injury has been developed, validated and utilized to examine laryngeal wound healing and the effect of a novel collagen inhibitor (halofuginone) on surgical wound healing. The study design includes basic research and animal model. METHODS An ovine laryngeal model was utilized to study controlled vocal fold injury and healing. Twenty-five sheep were divided into five groups. Sheep underwent right vocal fold injury preceded or followed by administration of halofuginone orally, topically or intralesionally. Biopsies were taken at commencement, 1 month and larynges explanted at 3 months. Specimens were examined for elastin and collagen density and epithelial changes. Pearson correlation statistics and Student's t-tests were used to assess inter-relationships. RESULTS All sheep tolerated halofuginone. One sheep death occurred in an untreated sheep. Vocal fold tissue demonstrated a predictable histological response to injury. Elastin was significantly reduced post-injury in the glottis. Halofuginone administered orally for 10 weeks prevented elastin loss and demonstrated a trend of reducing collagen density post-injury. CONCLUSION In an ovine laryngeal injury model, administration of a fibrosis inhibitor resulted in altered elastin and collagen deposition after injury in the glottis. Further investigation is warranted to examine whether these tissue changes affect vocal fold dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Allen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Science, Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wang X, Zhao W, Ransohoff RM, Zhou L. Identification and Function of Fibrocytes in Skeletal Muscle Injury Repair and Muscular Dystrophy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4750-4761. [PMID: 27913649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We identified and characterized the function of CD45+/collagen I+ fibrocytes in acutely injured skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and Ccr2-/- mice, and in quadriceps and diaphragm muscles of mdx5cv mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Fibrocytes were not detected in peripheral blood of WT mice after acute muscle injury or mdx5cv mice. Fibrocytes were detected in acutely injured muscles and in mdx5cv quadriceps and diaphragm muscles. These cells expressed F4/80 and CCR2, and they were mostly Ly6Clo They expressed a low level of collagens but a high level of profibrotic growth factors as compared with i.m. fibroblasts. Fibrocyte expression of collagens and profibrotic growth factors was not increased in Ccr2-/- mice as compared with WT controls. Fibrocyte expression of both proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines was significantly higher in mdx5cv diaphragm than in mdx5cv quadriceps. In cocultures, fibrocytes from the mdx5cv diaphragm stimulated a higher level of fibroblast expression of extracellular matrix genes than did those from the mdx5cv quadriceps. Our findings suggest that i.m. fibrocytes most likely originate from infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and differentiate within injured muscles. They likely contribute to the normal muscle injury repair by producing growth factors. They do not appear to contribute to the persistent muscle fibrosis associated with poor injury repair in Ccr2-/- mice. However, they likely contribute to the persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis in the mdx5cv diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
| | - Wanming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
| | | | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
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Altered Satellite Cell Responsiveness and Denervation Implicated in Progression of Rotator-Cuff Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162494. [PMID: 27668864 PMCID: PMC5036792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator-cuff injury (RCI) is common and painful; even after surgery, joint stability and function may not recover. Relative contributions to atrophy from disuse, fibrosis, denervation, and satellite-cell responsiveness to activating stimuli are not known. Methods and Findings Potential contributions of denervation and disrupted satellite cell responses to growth signals were examined in supraspinatus (SS) and control (ipsilateral deltoid) muscles biopsied from participants with RCI (N = 27). Biopsies were prepared for explant culture (to study satellite cell activity), immunostained to localize Pax7, BrdU, and Semaphorin 3A in satellite cells, sectioning to study blood vessel density, and western blotting to measure the fetal (γ) subunit of acetylcholine receptor (γ-AchR). Principal component analysis (PCA) for 35 parameters extracted components identified variables that contributed most to variability in the dataset. γ-AchR was higher in SS than control, indicating denervation. Satellite cells in SS had a low baseline level of activity (Pax7+ cells labelled in S-phase) versus control; only satellite cells in SS showed increased proliferative activity after nitric oxide-donor treatment. Interestingly, satellite cell localization of Semaphorin 3A, a neuro-chemorepellent, was greater in SS (consistent with fiber denervation) than control muscle at baseline. PCAs extracted components including fiber atrophy, satellite cell activity, fibrosis, atrogin-1, smoking status, vascular density, γAchR, and the time between symptoms and surgery. Use of deltoid as a control for SS was supported by PCA findings since “muscle” was not extracted as a variable in the first two principal components. SS muscle in RCI is therefore atrophic, denervated, and fibrotic, and has satellite cells that respond to activating stimuli. Conclusions Since SS satellite cells can be activated in culture, a NO-donor drug combined with stretching could promote muscle growth and improve functional outcome after RCI. PCAs suggest indices including satellite cell responsiveness, atrogin-1, atrophy, and innervation may predict surgical outcome.
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Zhao W, Wang X, Ransohoff RM, Zhou L. CCR2 deficiency does not provide sustained improvement of muscular dystrophy in mdx5cv mice. FASEB J 2016; 31:35-46. [PMID: 27655900 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of CC chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) reduced macrophage (MP) infiltration and improved muscle pathology and function in mdx diaphragm muscle at early stages. We addressed whether CCR2 deficiency resulted in sustained improvement of mdx5cv-Ccr2-/- diaphragm. Compared to mdx5cv controls, CCR2 deficiency in mdx5cv-Ccr2-/- mice markedly reduced intramuscular Ly6Chi MPs at all stages, but it reduced Ly6Clow MPs only at early stages (4 and 9 wk). CCR2 deficiency reduced quadriceps and diaphragm muscle damage and fibrosis at 14 wk but not at 6 mo, and it improved diaphragm muscle regeneration and respiratory function at 14 wk but not at 6 mo. Intramuscular MPs in mdx5cv-Ccr2-/- diaphragm expressed a low level of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ genes, a similar level of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and platelet-derived growth factor α genes, and a high level of IGF-1 and osteopontin genes compared to mdx5cv controls. Diaphragm fibroblasts at 14 wk showed a similar cell number with a similar level of collagen and profibrogenic growth factor gene expression in mdx5cv-Ccr2-/- and mdx5cv mice. Diaphragm MPs from both mdx5cv-Ccr2-/- and mdx5cv mice stimulated collagen gene expression by cocultured fibroblasts. The findings suggest that CCR2 deficiency does not provide a sustained benefit and that Ly6Clow MPs may contribute to the progressive fibrosis and dysfunction of mdx5cv diaphragm.-Zhao, W., Wang, X., Ransohoff, R. M., Zhou, L. CCR2 deficiency does not provide sustained improvement of muscular dystrophy in mdx5cv mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
| | | | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
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Levi O, Genin O, Angelini C, Halevy O, Pines M. Inhibition of muscle fibrosis results in increases in both utrophin levels and the number of revertant myofibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23249-60. [PMID: 26015394 PMCID: PMC4695115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by: near absence of dystrophin in skeletal muscles; low percentage of revertant myofibers; up-regulation of utrophin synthesis; and a high degree of muscle fibrosis. In patient quadriceps femoris biopsies (n = 6, ages between 3–9 years) an inverse correlation was observed between the levels of collagen type I – representing fibrosis – and the levels of utrophin. This correlation was independent of the patient's age and was observed in the entire muscle biopsy sections. In the mdx mice diaphragm (n = 6/group), inhibition of fibrosis by halofuginone resulted in increases in the levels of utrophin. The utrophin/fibrosis relationships were not limited to collagen type I, but also applied to other constituents of the fibrosis machinery. The inverse correlation was found also in old mdx mice with established fibrosis. In addition, inhibition of collagen type I levels was associated with increases in the numbers of revertant myofibers, both as single myofibers and in clusters in the diaphragm and the gastrocnemius. In summary, our results demonstrate an inverse correlation between the level of muscle fibrosis and the level of utrophin and that of the number of revertant myofibers. These findings may reveal common links between the fibrotic and utrophin-synthesis pathways and offer new insights into the regulation of utrophin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrat Levi
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Olga Genin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Corrado Angelini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova and IRCCS S. Camillo, Lido, Venice, Italy
| | - Orna Halevy
- Department of Animal Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mark Pines
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Hassoun E, Safrin M, Ziv H, Pri-Chen S, Kessler E. Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer 1 (PCPE-1) as a Plasma Marker of Muscle and Liver Fibrosis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159606. [PMID: 27458976 PMCID: PMC4961444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current non-invasive diagnostic methods of fibrosis are limited in their ability to identify early and intermediate stages of fibrosis and assess the efficacy of therapy. New biomarkers of fibrosis are therefore constantly sought for, leading us to evaluate procollagen C-proteinase enhancer 1 (PCPE-1), a fibrosis-related extracellular matrix glycoprotein, as a plasma marker of fibrosis. A sandwich ELISA that permitted accurate measurements of PCPE-1 concentrations in mouse plasma was established. Tissue fibrosis was assessed using histochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting analyses for type I collagen and PCPE-1. The normal plasma concentration of PCPE-1 in 6 weeks to 4 months old mice was ~200 ng/ml (189.5 ± 11.3 to 206.8 ± 13.8 ng/ml). PCPE-1 plasma concentrations in four and 8.5 months old mdx mice displaying fibrotic diaphragms increased 27 and 40% respectively relatively to age-matched control mice, an increase comparable to that of the N-propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP), a known blood marker of fibrosis. PCPE-1 plasma levels in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis increased 34 to 50% relatively to respective controls and reflected the severity of the disease, namely increased gradually during the progression of fibrosis and went down to basal levels during recovery, in parallel to changes in the liver content of collagen I and PCPE-1. The results favor PCPE-1 as a potential new clinically valuable fibrosis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Hassoun
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Mary Safrin
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Hana Ziv
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Sarah Pri-Chen
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Efrat Kessler
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
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Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine: Addressing the Vexing Problem of Persistent Muscle Atrophy in the Chronically Torn Human Rotator Cuff. Phys Ther 2016; 96:722-33. [PMID: 26847008 PMCID: PMC4858662 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent muscle atrophy in the chronically torn rotator cuff is a significant obstacle for treatment and recovery. Large atrophic changes are predictive of poor surgical and nonsurgical outcomes and frequently fail to resolve even following functional restoration of loading and rehabilitation. New insights into the processes of muscle atrophy and recovery gained through studies in developmental biology combined with the novel tools and strategies emerging in regenerative medicine provide new avenues to combat the vexing problem of muscle atrophy in the rotator cuff. Moving these treatment strategies forward likely will involve the combination of surgery, biologic/cellular agents, and physical interventions, as increasing experimental evidence points to the beneficial interaction between biologic therapies and physiologic stresses. Thus, the physical therapy profession is poised to play a significant role in defining the success of these combinatorial therapies. This perspective article will provide an overview of the developmental biology and regenerative medicine strategies currently under investigation to combat muscle atrophy and how they may integrate into the current and future practice of physical therapy.
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Chatzifrangkeskou M, Le Dour C, Wu W, Morrow JP, Joseph LC, Beuvin M, Sera F, Homma S, Vignier N, Mougenot N, Bonne G, Lipson KE, Worman HJ, Muchir A. ERK1/2 directly acts on CTGF/CCN2 expression to mediate myocardial fibrosis in cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2220-2233. [PMID: 27131347 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutations (LMNA cardiomyopathy) is characterized by increased myocardial fibrosis, which impairs left ventricular relaxation and predisposes to heart failure, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. While we previously discovered abnormally elevated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activities in heart in LMNA cardiomyopathy, its role on the development of myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. We now showed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling participates in the activation of ERK1/2 signaling in LMNA cardiomyopathy. ERK1/2 acts on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression to mediate the myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction. Studies in vivo demonstrate that inhibiting CTGF/CCN2 using a specific antibody decreases myocardial fibrosis and improves the left ventricular dysfunction. Together, these findings show that cardiac ERK1/2 activity is modulated in part by TGF-β/Smad signaling, leading to altered activation of CTGF/CCN2 to mediate fibrosis and alter cardiac function. This identifies a novel mechanism in the development of LMNA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chatzifrangkeskou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Caroline Le Dour
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leroy C Joseph
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maud Beuvin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Fusako Sera
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicolas Vignier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMS28 Phénotypage du petit animal, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Koohestani F, Qiang W, MacNeill AL, Druschitz SA, Serna VA, Adur M, Kurita T, Nowak RA. Halofuginone suppresses growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in a mouse xenograft model. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1540-51. [PMID: 27130615 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does halofuginone (HF) inhibit the growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in a mouse xenograft model? SUMMARY ANSWER HF suppresses the growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in a mouse xenograft model through inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. HF can suppress the growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro. The mouse xenograft model reflects the characteristics of human leiomyomas. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary leiomyoma smooth muscle cells from eight patients were xenografted under the renal capsule of adult, ovariectomized NOD-scid IL2Rγ(null) mice (NSG). Mice were treated with two different doses of HF or vehicle for 4 weeks with six to eight mice per group. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mouse body weight measurements and immunohistochemical analysis of body organs were carried out to assess the safety of HF treatment. Xenografted tumors were measured and analyzed for cellular and molecular changes induced by HF. Ovarian steroid hormone receptors were evaluated for possible modulation by HF. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Treatment of mice carrying human UL xenografts with HF at 0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks resulted in a 35-40% (P < 0.05) reduction in tumor volume. The HF-induced volume reduction was accompanied by increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. In contrast, there was no significant change in the collagen content either at the transcript or protein level between UL xenografts in control and HF groups. HF treatment did not change the expression level of ovarian steroid hormone receptors. No adverse pathological effects were observed in other tissues from mice undergoing treatment at these doses. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION While this study did test the effects of HF on human leiomyoma cells in an in vivo model, HF was administered to mice whose tolerance and metabolism of the drug may differ from that in humans. Also, the longer term effects of HF treatment are yet unclear. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study showing the effectiveness of HF in reducing UL tumor growth by interfering with the main cellular processes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are in agreement with previous studies on the effects of HF on other fibrotic diseases. HF can be considered as a candidate for reducing the size of leiomyomas, particularly prior to surgery. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This project was funded by NIH PO1HD057877 and R01 HD064402. Authors report no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Koohestani
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Present address: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wenan Qiang
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Present address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stacy A Druschitz
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vanida A Serna
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Present address: Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Malavika Adur
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Present address: Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Halofuginone alleviates acute viral myocarditis in suckling BALB/c mice by inhibiting TGF-β1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:558-64. [PMID: 27021682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is an inflammation of heart muscle in infants and young adolescents. This study explored the function of halofuginone (HF) in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) -treated suckling mice. HF-treated animal exhibited higher survival rate, lower heart/body weight, and more decreased blood sugar concentration than CVB3 group. HF also reduced the expressions of interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-23 and the numbers of Th17 cells. Moreover, HF downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. The expressions of transforming growth factor(TGF-β1) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) p65/ tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins were decreased by HF as well. Finally, the overexpression of TGF-β1 counteracted the protection effect of HF in CVB3-treated suckling mice. In summary, our study suggests HF increases the survival of CVB3 suckling mice, reduces the Th17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and may through downregulation of the TGF-β1-mediated expression of NF-κB p65/TNF-α pathway proteins. These results offer a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of VMC.
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Allen DG, Whitehead NP, Froehner SC. Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:253-305. [PMID: 26676145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further connections via laminin to other extracellular matrix proteins. Initially considered a structural complex that protected the sarcolemma from mechanical damage, the DPC is now known to serve as a scaffold for numerous signaling proteins. Absence or reduced expression of dystrophin or many of the DPC components cause the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases in which repeated bouts of muscle damage lead to atrophy and fibrosis, and eventually muscle degeneration. The normal function of dystrophin is poorly defined. In its absence a complex series of changes occur with multiple muscle proteins showing reduced or increased expression or being modified in various ways. In this review, we will consider the various proteins whose expression and function is changed in muscular dystrophies, focusing on Ca(2+)-permeable channels, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and caveolins. Excessive Ca(2+) entry, increased membrane permeability, disordered caveolar function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species are early changes in the disease, and the hypotheses for these phenomena will be critically considered. The aim of the review is to define the early damage pathways in muscular dystrophy which might be appropriate targets for therapy designed to minimize the muscle degeneration and slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Allen
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Sun C, Li S, Li D. Sulforaphane mitigates muscle fibrosis in mdx mice via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:377-90. [PMID: 26494449 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00721.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been found to have an antifibrotic effect on liver and lung. However, its effects on dystrophic muscle fibrosis remain unknown. This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of SFN-mediated activation of Nrf2 on dystrophic muscle fibrosis. Male mdx mice (age 3 mo) were treated with SFN by gavage (2 mg/kg body wt per day) for 3 mo. Experimental results demonstrated that SFN remarkably attenuated skeletal and cardiac muscle fibrosis as indicated by reduced Sirius Red staining and immunostaining of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, SFN significantly inhibited the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway and suppressed profibrogenic gene and protein expressions such as those of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen I, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Furthermore, SFN significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines CD45, TNF-α, and IL-6 in mdx mice. In conclusion, these results show that SFN can attenuate dystrophic muscle fibrosis by Nrf2-mediated inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which indicates that Nrf2 may represent a new target for dystrophic muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Institute of Global Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Blat Y, Blat S. Drug Discovery of Therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:1189-203. [PMID: 25975656 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115586535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic, lethal, muscle disorder caused by the loss of the muscle protein, dystrophin, leading to progressive loss of muscle fibers and muscle weakness. Drug discovery efforts targeting DMD have used two main approaches: (1) the restoration of dystrophin expression or the expression of a compensatory protein, and (2) the mitigation of downstream pathological mechanisms, including dysregulated calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and muscle ischemia. The aim of this review is to introduce the disease, its pathophysiology, and the available research tools to a drug discovery audience. This review will also detail the most promising therapies that are currently being tested in clinical trials or in advanced preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shachar Blat
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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McDonald AA, Hebert SL, Kunz MD, Ralles SJ, McLoon LK. Disease course in mdx:utrophin+/- mice: comparison of three mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12391. [PMID: 25921779 PMCID: PMC4425985 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is used to study disease mechanisms and potential treatments, but its pathology is less severe than DMD patients. Other mouse models were developed to more closely mimic the human disease based on knowledge that upregulation of utrophin has a protective effect in mdx muscle. An mdx:utrophin−/− (dko) mouse was created, which had a severe disease phenotype and a shortened life span. An mdx:utrophin+/− mouse was also created, which had an intermediate disease phenotype compared to the mdx and dko mice. To determine the usefulness of mdx:utrophin+/− mice for long-term DMD studies, limb muscle pathology and function were assessed across the life span of wild-type, mdx, mdx:utrophin+/−, and dko mice. Muscle function assessment, specifically grip duration and rotarod performance, demonstrated that mdx:utrophin+/− mice were weaker for a longer time than mdx mice. Mean myofiber area was smaller in mdx:utrophin+/− mice compared to mdx mice at 12 months. Mdx:utrophin+/− mice had a higher percentage of centrally nucleated myofibers compared to mdx mice at 6 and 12 months. Collagen I and IV density was significantly higher in mdx:utrophin+/− muscle compared to mdx at most ages examined. Generally, mdx:utrophin+/− mice showed an intermediate disease phenotype over a longer time course compared to the mdx and dko mice. While they do not genetically mirror human DMD, mdx:utrophin+/− mice may be a more useful animal model than mdx or dko mice for investigating long-term efficacy of potential treatments when fibrosis or muscle function is the focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby A McDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Sadie L Hebert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew D Kunz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven J Ralles
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Linda K McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Garg K, Corona BT, Walters TJ. Therapeutic strategies for preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis after injury. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:87. [PMID: 25954202 PMCID: PMC4404830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair after injury includes a complex and well-coordinated regenerative response. However, fibrosis often manifests, leading to aberrant regeneration and incomplete functional recovery. Research efforts have focused on the use of anti-fibrotic agents aimed at reducing the fibrotic response and improving functional recovery. While there are a number of mediators involved in the development of post-injury fibrosis, TGF-β1 is the primary pro-fibrogenic growth factor and several agents that inactivate TGF-β1 signaling cascade have emerged as promising anti-fibrotic therapies. A number of these agents are FDA approved for other conditions, clearing the way for rapid translation into clinical treatment. In this article, we provide an overview of muscle's host response to injury with special emphasis on the cellular and non-cellular mediators involved in the development of fibrosis. This article also reviews the findings of several pre-clinical studies that have utilized anti-fibrotic agents to improve muscle healing following most common forms of muscle injuries. Although some studies have shown positive results with anti-fibrotic treatment, others have indicated adverse outcomes. Some concerns and questions regarding the clinical potential of these anti-fibrotic agents have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyal Garg
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Walters
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Halofuginone is an analog of febrifugine-an alkaloid originally isolated from the plant Dichroa febrifuga. During recent years, halofuginone has attracted much attention because of its wide range of beneficial biological activities, which encompass malaria, cancer, and fibrosis-related and autoimmune diseases. At present two modes of halofuginone actions have been described: (1) Inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation downstream of the TGFβ signaling pathway results in inhibition of fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts transition and fibrosis. (2) Inhibition of prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) activity in the blood stage of malaria and inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation thereby inhibiting inflammation and the autoimmune reaction by activation of the amino acid starvation and integrated stress responses. This review deals with the history and origin of this natural product, its synthesis, its known modes of action, and it's various biological activities in pre-clinical animal models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pines
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Itai Spector
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Sepulveda PV, Bush ED, Baar K. Pharmacology of manipulating lean body mass. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:1-13. [PMID: 25311629 PMCID: PMC4383600 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction and wasting of skeletal muscle as a consequence of illness decreases the length and quality of life. Currently, there are few, if any, effective treatments available to address these conditions. Hence, the existence of this unmet medical need has fuelled large scientific efforts. Fortunately, these efforts have shown many of the underlying mechanisms adversely affecting skeletal muscle health. With increased understanding have come breakthrough disease-specific and broad spectrum interventions, some progressing through clinical development. The present review focuses its attention on the role of the antagonistic process regulating skeletal muscle mass before branching into prospective promising therapeutic targets and interventions. Special attention is given to therapies in development against cancer cachexia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy before closing remarks on design and conceptualization of future therapies are presented to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio V Sepulveda
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Monash College Wellington Rd, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Ernest D Bush
- Akashi Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behaviour and Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Garg K, Corona BT, Walters TJ. Losartan administration reduces fibrosis but hinders functional recovery after volumetric muscle loss injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1120-31. [PMID: 25257876 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00689.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Losartan is a Food and Drug Administration approved antihypertensive medication that is recently emerging as an antifibrotic therapy. Previously, losartan has been successfully used to reduce fibrosis and improve both muscle regeneration and function in several models of recoverable skeletal muscle injuries, such as contusion and laceration. In this study, the efficacy of losartan treatment in reducing fibrosis and improving regeneration was determined in a Lewis rat model of volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. VML has been defined as the traumatic or surgical loss of skeletal muscle with resultant functional impairment. It is among the top 10 causes for wounded service members to be medically retired from the military. This study shows that, after several weeks of recovery, VML injury results in little to no muscle regeneration, but is marked by persistent inflammation, chronic upregulation of profibrotic markers and extracellular matrix (i.e., collagen type I), and fat deposition at the defect site, which manifest irrecoverable deficits in force production. Losartan administration at 10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) was able to modulate the gene expression of fibrotic markers and was also effective at reducing fibrosis (i.e., the deposition of collagen type I) in the injured muscle. However, there were no improvements in muscle regeneration, and deleterious effects on muscle function were observed instead. We propose that, in the absence of regeneration, reduction in fibrosis worsens the ability of the VML injured muscle to transmit forces, which ultimately results in decreased muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyal Garg
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas J Walters
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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