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Li L, Ma L, Qian H, Wang Z, Chen M, Wang C, Gu W, Lv T, Jin J. GGPPS Negatively Regulates the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02104-4. [PMID: 39052180 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are life-threatening diseases. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in lung damage. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is associated with the development of inflammatory diseases. We aimed to explore the role of GGPPS in NETs formation in ARDS/ALI. First, lung pathological changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice after myeloid-specific GGPPS deletion were evaluated. The level of NETs formation was analyzed by immunofluorescence, PicoGreen assay and Western blotting. Next, we determined the role of GGPPS in NETs formation and underlying mechanisms using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, DCFH-DA, and SYTOX GREEN staining in vitro. Finally, the correlation between GGPPS expression incirculating neutrophils and dsDNA levels in plasma was evaluated. Myeloid-specific GGPPS deletion mice showed increased NETs deposition in lung tissue and aggravated histopathological damage of lung tissue. In vitro, GGPPS deficiency in neutrophils resulted in increased NETs formation by Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), which was reversed by Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). In addition, inhibitors blocking protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH-oxidase (NOX) decreased NETs formation induced by GGPPS deletion. Importantly, GGPPS expression in circulating neutrophils was decreased in ARDS patients compared with the healthy control, and the level of dsDNA in plasma of ARDS patients was negatively correlated with the GGPPS expression. Taken together, GGPPS deficiency in neutrophils aggravates LPS-induced lung injury by promoting NETs formation via PKC/NOX signaling. Thus, neutrophil GGPPS could be a key therapeutic target for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, No. 68, Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214086, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, No. 88, Chunhui Road, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 102, Luojiajing Road, Chenzhou, 423000, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, No. 102, Luojiajing Road, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 37, Chenggang Road, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 66, South Renmin Road, Yancheng, 224006, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Visker JR, Cluntun AA, Velasco-Silva JN, Eberhardt DR, Shankar TS, Hamouche R, Ling J, Kwak H, Hillas Y, Aist I, Tseliou E, Navankasattusas S, Chaudhuri D, Ducker GS, Drakos SG, Rutter J. Enhancing mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism ameliorates myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.577463. [PMID: 38352459 PMCID: PMC10862804 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.577463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The established clinical therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) to restore blood flow to the ischemic myocardium. PPCI is effective at reperfusing the ischemic myocardium, however the rapid re-introduction of oxygenated blood also can cause ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Reperfusion injury is the culprit for up to half of the final myocardial damage, but there are no clinical interventions to reduce I/R injury. We previously demonstrated that inhibiting the lactate exporter, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), and re-directing pyruvate towards oxidation can blunt isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that the same pathway might be important during I/R. Here, we establish that the pyruvate-lactate metabolic axis plays a critical role in determining myocardial salvage following injury. Post-I/R injury, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), required for pyruvate oxidation, is upregulated in the surviving myocardium following I/R injury. MPC loss in cardiomyocytes caused more cell death with less myocardial salvage, which was associated with an upregulation of MCT4 in the myocardium at risk of injury. We deployed a pharmacological strategy of MCT4 inhibition with a highly selective compound (VB124) at the time of reperfusion. This strategy normalized reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), and Ca 2+ , increased pyruvate entry to TCA cycle, and improved myocardial salvage and functional outcomes following I/R injury. Altogether, our data suggest that normalizing the pyruvate-lactate metabolic axis via MCT4 inhibition is a promising pharmacological strategy to mitigate I/R injury. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Long H, Zhao L, Xiao ZS, Li SX, Huang QL, Xiao S, Wu LL. Impact of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in food-induced obese diabetic rats. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1249-1258. [PMID: 37664479 PMCID: PMC10473948 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity usually causes diabetes mellitus (DM) and is a serious danger to human health. Type 2 DM (T2DM) mostly occurs along with obesity. Foodborne obesity-induced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and surplus energy. Bariatric surgery can improve the symptoms of T2DM in some obese patients. But different types of bariatric surgery may have different effects. AIM To investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 wk underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or gastric banding (GB). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, analyses of biochemical parameters, histological examination, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted. RESULTS In comparison to the sham operation group, the RYGB, SG, and GB groups had decreased body weight and food intake, reduced glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity, downregulated biochemical parameters, alleviated morphological changes in the liver and kidneys, and decreased levels of protein kinase C β/ P66shc. The effect in the RYGB group was better than that in the SG and GB groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RYGB, SG and GB may be helpful for the treatment of foodborne obesity-induced DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
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4
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Prem PN, Sivakumar B, Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Recent advances in potential of Fisetin in the management of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury-A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154123. [PMID: 35533608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary therapeutic strategy in managing ischemic heart diseases is to restore the perfusion of the myocardial ischemic area by surgical methods that often result in an unavoidable injury called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR). Fisetin is an effective flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, proven to be cardioprotective against IR injury in both in-vitro and invivo models, apart from its promising health benefits against cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative ailments. PURPOSE The potential of fisetin in attenuating myocardial IR is inconclusive as the effectiveness of fisetin needs more understanding in terms of its possible target sites and underlying different mechanisms. Considering the surge in recent scientific interests in fisetin as a pharmacological agent, this review not only updates the existing preclinical and clinical studies with fisetin and its underlying mechanisms but also summarizes its possible targets during IR protection. METHODS We performed a literature survey using search engines Pubmed, PMC, Science direct, Google, and research gate published across the years 2006-2021. The relevant studies were extracted from the databases with the combinations of the following keywords and summarized: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, natural products, flavonoid, fisetin, PI3K, JAK-STAT, Nrf2, PKC, JNK, autophagy. RESULTS Fisetin is reported to be effective in attenuating IR injury by delaying the clotting time, preserving the mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting GSK 3β. But it failed to protect diseased cardiomyocytes challenged to IR. As discussed in the current review, fisetin not only acts as a conventional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to exert its biological effect but may also exert modulatory action on the cellular metabolism and adaptation via direct action on various signalling pathways that comprise PI3K, JAK-STAT, Nrf2, PKC, JNK, and autophagy. Moreover, the dosage of fisetin and co-morbidities like diabetes and obesity are found to be detrimental factors for cardioprotection. CONCLUSION For further evaluation and smooth clinical translation of the fisetin molecule in IR treatment, researchers should pay close attention to the potential of fisetin to possibly alter the key cardioprotective pathways and dosage, as the efficacy of fisetin is tissue and cell type-specific and varies with different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Prem
- Vascular Biology lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Goetzman E, Gong Z, Rajasundaram D, Muzumdar I, Goodchild T, Lefer D, Muzumdar R. Serum Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Profiles during Ischemia and Reperfusion in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126711. [PMID: 35743153 PMCID: PMC9223436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early identification of ischemia and establishing reperfusion remain cornerstones in the treatment of MI, as mortality and morbidity can be significantly reduced by establishing reperfusion to the affected areas. The aim of the current study was to investigate the metabolomic changes in the serum in a swine model of MI induced by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to identify circulating metabolomic biomarkers for myocardial injury at different phases. Female Yucatan minipigs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion, and serum samples were collected at baseline, 60 min of ischemia, 4 h of reperfusion, and 24 h of reperfusion. Circulating metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic approach. A bioinformatic approach revealed that serum metabolites show distinct profiles during ischemia and during early and late reperfusion. Some notable changes during ischemia include accumulation of metabolites that indicate impaired mitochondrial function and N-terminally modified amino acids. Changes in branched-chain amino-acid metabolites were noted during early reperfusion, while bile acid pathway derivatives and intermediates predominated in the late reperfusion phases. This indicates a potential for such an approach toward identification of the distinct phases of ischemia and reperfusion in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goetzman
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ishan Muzumdar
- School of Undergraduate Study, Penn State University, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Traci Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.G.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Qin X, Liu B, Gao F, Hu Y, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhang X. Gluconolactone Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Arrhythmias via Activating PKCε/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856699. [PMID: 35360251 PMCID: PMC8964113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconolactone (D-glucono-1,5-lactone or GDL) is a food additive which presents in dietary products such as tofu, yogurt, cheese, bread, wine, etc. GDL has long been considered as a free radical scavenger; however, its role in cardioprotection remains elusive. In this study, using a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM), we explored the role of GDL in I/R injury. We found that GDL (5 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated myocardial I/R injury as evidenced by decreased infarct size, release of cardiac injury markers and apoptosis. Additionally, GDL decreased reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and oxidative stress. These effects were also observed in parallel in vitro studies. Mechanistically, we found that GDL treatment was strongly associated with activation of pro-survival extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling both in vivo and in vitro, and pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling via U0126 attenuated GDL-induced cardioprotection against H/R injury in NRCM cells. To reveal how GDL regulates ERK signaling, we predicted the putative targets of GDL by Swiss Target Prediction, and protein kinase C (PKC) emerged as the most promising target for GDL. By pharmacological intervention and immunofluorescence, we found that PKCε, an important member of the PKC family, was activated after GDL treatment in heart, thereby leading to ERK activation and cardioprotection against I/R injury. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GDL acts as a potent activator of PKCε and, thus, provides cardioprotection against I/R injury via activation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Binghua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, School of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, 986th Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Xu,
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xing Zhang,
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7
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Wang Y, Zhou L, Su W, Huang F, Zhang Y, Xia ZY, Xia Z, Lei S. Selective Inhibition of PKC β2 Restores Ischemic Postconditioning-Mediated Cardioprotection by Modulating Autophagy in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2408240. [PMID: 32337288 PMCID: PMC7157806 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2408240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic hearts are more susceptible to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and less sensitive to ischemic postconditioning (IPostC), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. PKCβ2 is preferentially overactivated in diabetic myocardium, in which autophagy status is abnormal. This study determined whether hyperglycemia-induced PKCβ2 activation resulted in autophagy abnormality and compromised IPostC cardioprotection in diabetes. We found that diabetic rats showed higher cardiac PKCβ2 activation and lower autophagy than control at baseline. However, myocardial I/R further increased PKCβ2 activation and promoted autophagy status in diabetic rats. IPostC significantly attenuated postischemic infarct size and CK-MB, accompanied with decreased PKCβ2 activation and autophagy in control but not in diabetic rats. Pretreatment with CGP53353, a selective inhibitor of PKCβ2, attenuated myocardial I/R-induced infarction and autophagy and restored IPostC-mediated cardioprotection in diabetes. Similarly, CGP53353 could restore hypoxic postconditioning (HPostC) protection against hypoxia reoxygenation- (HR-) induced injury evidenced by decreased LDH release and JC-1 monomeric cells and increased cell viability. These beneficial effects of CGP53353 were reversed by autophagy inducer rapamycin, but could be mimicked by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. It is concluded that selective inhibition of PKCβ2 could attenuate myocardial I/R injury and restore IPostC-mediated cardioprotection possibly through modulating autophagy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wating Su
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengnan Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-yuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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The role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disorders: Friend or foe? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Marrocco V, Bogomolovas J, Ehler E, Dos Remedios CG, Yu J, Gao C, Lange S. PKC and PKN in heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:212-226. [PMID: 30742812 PMCID: PMC6408329 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) and closely related protein kinase N (PKN) families of serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial cellular roles. Both kinases belong to the AGC subfamily of protein kinases that also include the cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), protein kinase G (PKG) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Involvement of PKC family members in heart disease has been well documented over the years, as their activity and levels are mis-regulated in several pathological heart conditions, such as ischemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the regulation of PKCs and PKNs in different pathological heart conditions and on the influences that PKC/PKN activation has on several physiological processes. In addition, we discuss mechanisms by which PKCs and the closely related PKNs are activated and turned-off in hearts, how they regulate cardiac specific downstream targets and pathways, and how their inhibition by small molecules is explored as new therapeutic target to treat cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marrocco
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Jiayu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA; University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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10
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Boengler K, Bencsik P, Palóczi J, Kiss K, Pipicz M, Pipis J, Ferdinandy P, Schlüter KD, Schulz R. Lack of Contribution of p66shc and Its Mitochondrial Translocation to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection by Ischemic Preconditioning. Front Physiol 2017; 8:733. [PMID: 29051737 PMCID: PMC5633811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cardiac damage following ischemia and reperfusion (IR), low amounts function as trigger molecules in the cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The mitochondrial translocation and contribution of the hydrogen peroxide-generating protein p66shc in the cardioprotection by IPC is unclear yet. In the present study, we investigated the mitochondrial translocation of p66shc, addressed the impact of p66shc on ROS formation after IR, and characterized the role of p66shc in IR injury per se and in the cardioprotection by IPC. The amount of p66shc in subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) isolated from wildtype mouse left ventricles (LV) was determined after 40 min normoxic perfusion and after 30 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion without and with IPC. The p66shc content in SSM (in % of normoxic controls, n = 5) was 174 ± 16% (n = 6, p < 0.05) after IR, and was reduced to 128 ± 13% after IPC (n = 6, p = ns). In IFM, the amount of p66shc remained unchanged (IR: 81 ± 7%, n = 6; IPC: 110 ± 5%, n = 6, p = ns). IR induced an increase in ROS formation in SSM and IFM isolated from mouse wildtype LV, which was more pronounced in SSM than in IFM (1.18 ± 0.18 vs. 0.81 ± 0.16, n = 6, p < 0.05). In mitochondria from p66shc-knockout mice (p66shc-KO), the increase in ROS formation by IR was not different between SSM and IFM (0.90 ± 0.11 vs. 0.73 ± 0.08, n = 6, p = ns). Infarct size (in % of the left ventricle) was 51.7 ± 2.9% in wildtype and 59.7 ± 3.8% in p66shc-KO hearts in vitro and was significantly reduced to 35.8 ± 4.4% (wildtype) and 34.7 ± 5.6% (p66shc-KO) by IPC, respectively. In vivo, infarct size was 57.8 ± 2.9% following IR (n = 9) and was reduced to 40.3 ± 3.5% by IPC (n = 11, p < 0.05) in wildtype mice. In p66shc-knockout mice, infarct sizes were similar to those measured in wildtype animals (IR: 56.2 ± 4.3%, n = 11; IPC: 42.1 ± 3.9%, n = 13, p < 0.05). Taken together, the mitochondrial translocation of p66shc following IR and IPC differs between mitochondrial populations. However, similar infarct sizes after IR and preserved infarct size reductions by IPC in p66shc-KO mice suggest that p66shc-derived ROS are not involved in the cardioprotection by IPC nor do they contribute to IR injury per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Palóczi
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kiss
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Translocation of PKCβII to Mitochondria as an Important Mediator of a Protective Signaling Mechanism in an Ischemia-Resistant Region of the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2392-2403. [PMID: 28401402 PMCID: PMC5524878 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging reports indicate that activated PKC isoforms that translocate to the mitochondria are pro- or anti-apoptotic to mitochondrial function. Here, we concentrate on the role of PKCβ translocated to mitochondria in relation to the fate of neurons following cerebral ischemia. As we have demonstrated previously ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) results in translocation of PKCβ from cytoplasm to mitochondria, but only in ischemia-resistant regions of the hippocampus (CA2-4, DG), we hypothesize that this translocation may be a mediator of a protective signaling mechanism in this region. We have therefore sought to demonstrate a possible relationship between PKCβII translocation and ischemic resistance of CA2-4, DG. Here, we reveal that I/R injury induces a marked elevation of PKCβII protein levels, and consequent enzymatic activity, in CA2-4, DG in the mitochondrial fraction. Moreover, the administration of an isozyme-selective PKCβII inhibitor showed inhibition of I/R-induced translocation of PKCβII to the mitochondria and an increase in neuronal death following I/R injury in CA1 and CA2-4, DG in both an in vivo and an in vitro model of ischemia. The present results suggest that PKCβII translocated to mitochondria is involved in providing ischemic resistance of CA2-4, DG. However, the exact mechanisms by which PKCβII-mediated neuroprotection is achieved are in need of further elucidation.
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12
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Scherer D, Seyler C, Xynogalos P, Scholz EP, Thomas D, Backs J, Andrassy M, Völkers M, Karle CA, Katus HA, Zitron E. Inhibition of Cardiac Kir Current (IK1) by Protein Kinase C Critically Depends on PKCβ and Kir2.2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156181. [PMID: 27214373 PMCID: PMC4877014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac inwardly rectifying Kir current (IK1) mediates terminal repolarisation and is critical for the stabilization of the diastolic membrane potential. Its predominant molecular basis in mammalian ventricle is heterotetrameric assembly of Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 channel subunits. It has been shown that PKC inhibition of IK1 promotes focal ventricular ectopy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated to date. Methods and Results In the Xenopus oocyte expression system, we observed a pronounced PKC-induced inhibition of Kir2.2 but not Kir2.1 currents. The PKC regulation of Kir2.2 could be reproduced by an activator of conventional PKC isoforms and antagonized by pharmacological inhibition of PKCβ. In isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes (rat, mouse), pharmacological activation of conventional PKC isoforms induced a pronounced inhibition of IK1. The PKC effect in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes was markedly attenuated following co-application of a small molecule inhibitor of PKCβ. Underlining the critical role of PKCβ, the PKC-induced inhibition of IK1 was absent in homozygous PKCβ knockout-mice. After heterologous expression of Kir2.1-Kir2.2 concatemers in Xenopus oocytes, heteromeric Kir2.1/Kir2.2 currents were also inhibited following activation of PKC. Conclusion We conclude that inhibition of cardiac IK1 by PKC critically depends on the PKCβ isoform and Kir2.2 subunits. This regulation represents a potential novel target for the antiarrhythmic therapy of focal ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scherer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Seyler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Xynogalos
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eberhard P. Scholz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Andrassy
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Karle
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edgar Zitron
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Wang W, Feng SJ, Li H, Zhang XD, Wang SX. Correlation of Lower Concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide with Activation of Protein Kinase CβII in Uremic Accelerated Atherosclerosis Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1465-70. [PMID: 26021502 PMCID: PMC4733763 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.157653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a protective role in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients. In this study, we further investigate the relationship between H2S and conventional protein kinase CβII (cPKCβII) in CHD patients with uremic accelerated atherosclerosis (UAAS). Methods: A total of 30 healthy people, 30 CHD patients without AS and 30 CHD patients with AS (CHD + AS) were studied. Plasma H2S was measured with a sulfide sensitive electrode, and cPKCβII membrane translocation was detected by Western blotting. Results: Plasma H2S in CHD + AS group was significantly lower than that in CHD patients. cPKCβII membrane translocation in CHD + AS group increased significantly compared with CHD group. Plasma H2S concentration was negatively correlated with cPKCβII membrane translocation in CHD + AS patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest a possible linkage between H2S metabolism and cPKCβII activation, which may contribute to the development of UAAS in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han Li
- Institute of Uro-Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nephrology Faculty, Capital Medical University, Beijng 100020, China
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14
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Yang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Han S, Howells DW, Li S, Li J. Conventional protein kinase Cβ-mediated phosphorylation inhibits collapsin response-mediated protein 2 proteolysis and alleviates ischemic injury in cultured cortical neurons and ischemic stroke-induced mice. J Neurochem 2016; 137:446-59. [PMID: 26788931 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)β participated in hypoxic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury, and collapsin response-mediated protein 2 (CRMP2) was identified as a cPKCβ interacting protein. In this study, we explored the regulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and proteolysis by cPKCβ, and their role in ischemic injury of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated cortical neurons and brains of mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemic stroke. The results demonstrated that cPKCβ-mediated CRMP2 phosphorylation via the cPKCβ-selective activator 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate 20-acetate (DOPPA) and inhibition of calpain-mediated CRMP2 proteolysis by calpeptin and a fusing peptide containing TAT peptide and the calpain cleavage site of CRMP2 (TAT-CRMP2) protected neurons against OGD-induced cell death through inhibiting CRMP2 proteolysis in cultured cortical neurons. The OGD-induced nuclear translocation of the CRMP2 breakdown product was inhibited by DOPPA, calpeptin, and TAT-CRMP2 in cortical neurons. In addition, both cPKCβ activation and CRMP2 proteolysis inhibition by hypoxic preconditioning and intracerebroventricular injections of DOPPA, calpeptin, and TAT-CRMP2 improved the neurological deficit in addition to reducing the infarct volume and proportions of cells with pyknotic nuclei in the peri-infact region of mice with ischemic stroke. These results suggested that cPKCβ modulates CRMP2 phosphorylation and proteolysis, and cPKCβ activation alleviates ischemic injury in the cultured cortical neurons and brains of mice with ischemic stroke through inhibiting CRMP2 proteolysis by phosphorylation. Focal cerebral ischemia induces a large flux of Ca(2+) to activate calpain which cleaves collapsin response mediator (CRMP) 2 into breakdown product (BDP). Inhibition of CRMP2 cleavage by calpeptin and TAT-CRMP2 alleviates ischemic injury. Conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)β-mediated phosphorylation could inhibit CRMP2 proteolysis and alleviate ischemic injury in cultured cortical neurons and ischemic stroke-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David W Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Inhibition of PKCβ2 overexpression ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats via restoring caveolin-3/Akt signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:331-44. [PMID: 25849791 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of PKCβ (protein kinase Cβ) plays a critical role in myocardial I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury in non-diabetic rodents. In the myocardium of diabetes, PKCβ2 overexpression is associated with increased vulnerability to post-ischaemic I/R injury with concomitantly impaired cardiomyocyte Cav (caveolin)-3 and Akt signalling compared with non-diabetic rats. We hypothesized that myocardial PKCβ overexpression in diabetes exacerbates myocardial I/R injury through impairing Cav-3/Akt signalling. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the selective PKCβ inhibitor ruboxistaurin (RBX, 1 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks, starting from 1 week after diabetes induction, before inducing myocardial I/R achieved by occluding the left descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured using a pressure-volume conductance system. In an in vitro study, cardiac H9C2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mmol/l) and subjected to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R) in the presence or absence of the selective PKCβ2 inhibitor CGP53353 (1 μmol/l), siRNAs of PKCβ2 or Cav-3 or Akt. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) and JC-1 staining respectively. RBX significantly decreased post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size (35±5% compared with 49±3% in control, P<0.05) and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, and prevented the reduction in cardiac Cav-3 and enhanced phosphorylated/activated Akt (p-Akt) in diabetic rats (P<0.05). H/R increased cardiomyocyte injury under high glucose conditions as was evident by increased TUNEL-positive and increased JC-1 monomeric cells (P<0.05 compared with control), accompanied with increased PKCβ2 phosphorylation/activation and decreased Cav-3 expression. Either CGP53353 or PKCβ2 siRNA significantly attenuated all of these changes and enhanced p-Akt. Cav-3 gene knockdown significantly reduced p-Akt and increased post-hypoxic cellular and mitochondrial injury despite a concomitant reduction in PKCβ2 phosphorylation. PKCβ2 inhibition with RBX protects diabetic hearts from myocardial I/R injury through Cav-3-dependent activation of Akt.
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16
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Wang G, Chen Z, Zhang F, Jing H, Xu W, Ning S, Li Z, Liu K, Yao J, Tian X. Blockade of PKCβ protects against remote organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion via a p66shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1342-53. [PMID: 24930012 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a serious clinical dilemma with high morbidity and mortality. Remote organ damage, especially acute lung injury and liver injury are common complications that contribute to the high mortality rate. We previously demonstrated that activation of PKCβII is specifically involved in the primary injury of intestinal I/R. Considering the tissue-specific features of PKC activation, we hypothesized that some kind of PKC isoform may play important roles in the progression of secondary injury in the remote organ. Mice were studied in in vivo model of intestinal I/R. The activation of PKC isoforms were screened in the lung and liver. Interestingly, we found that PKCβII was also activated exclusively in the lung and liver after intestinal I/R. PKCβII suppression by a specific inhibitor, LY333531, significantly attenuated I/R-induced histologic damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in these organs, and also alleviated systemic inflammation. In addition, LY333531 markedly restrained p66shc activation, mitochondrial translocation, and binding to cytochrome-c. These resulted in the decrease of cytochrome-c release and caspase-3 cleavage, and an increase in glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. These data indicated that activated PKC isoform in the remote organ, specifically PKCβII, is the same as that in the intestine after intestinal I/R. PKCβII suppression protects against remote organ injury, which may be partially attributed to the p66shc-cytochrome-c axis. Combined with our previous study, the development of a specific inhibitor for prophylaxis against intestinal I/R is promising, to prevent multiple organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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17
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Clozapine-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Role of Oxidative Stress, Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and NF-κβ. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 15:355-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Yang M, Stowe DF, Udoh KB, Heisner JS, Camara AKS. Reversible blockade of complex I or inhibition of PKCβ reduces activation and mitochondria translocation of p66Shc to preserve cardiac function after ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113534. [PMID: 25436907 PMCID: PMC4250075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a vital role in cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. P66Shc, a splice variant of the ShcA adaptor protein family, enhances mROS production by oxidizing reduced cytochrome c to yield H2O2. Ablation of p66Shc protects against IR injury, but it is unknown if and when p66Shc is activated during cardiac ischemia and/or reperfusion and if attenuating complex I electron transfer or deactivating PKCβ alters p66Shc activation during IR is associated with cardioprotection. Methods Isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused and subjected to increasing periods of ischemia and reperfusion with or without amobarbital, a complex I blocker, or hispidin, a PKCβ inhibitor. Phosphorylation of p66Shc at serine 36 and levels of p66Shc in mitochondria and cytosol were measured. Cardiac functional variables and redox states were monitored online before, during and after ischemia. Infarct size was assessed in some hearts after 120 min reperfusion. Results Phosphorylation of p66Shc and its translocation into mitochondria increased during reperfusion after 20 and 30 min ischemia, but not during ischemia only, or during 5 or 10 min ischemia followed by 20 min reperfusion. Correspondingly, cytosolic p66Shc levels decreased during these ischemia and reperfusion periods. Amobarbital or hispidin reduced phosphorylation of p66Shc and its mitochondrial translocation induced by 30 min ischemia and 20 min reperfusion. Decreased phosphorylation of p66Shc by amobarbital or hispidin led to better functional recovery and less infarction during reperfusion. Conclusion Our results show that IR activates p66Shc and that reversible blockade of electron transfer from complex I, or inhibition of PKCβ activation, decreases p66Shc activation and translocation and reduces IR damage. These observations support a novel potential therapeutic intervention against cardiac IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - David F Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Research Service, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Kenechukwu B Udoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - James S Heisner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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19
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Metwally ME. Clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Involvement of tumour necrosis factor alpha, NF-κβ and caspase-3. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:1213-1223. [PMID: 28962331 PMCID: PMC5598316 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine, an ideal antipsychotic drug for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia, is considered the most underutilised treatment for schizophrenia. However, safety concerns have been raised about clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity, which may lead to sudden death, particularly in young patients. The exact mechanism of clozapine cardiotoxicity has not yet been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model. Young male Wistar rats were treated with clozapine (10, 15 and 25 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 21 days. Haemodynamic and echocardiographic studies were performed for assessment of cardiac functions. Heart sections were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Serum and cardiac markers of cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated. Heart sections of CLZ-treated animals showed increased cardiac inflammation that correlated with the clozapine dose. Serum levels of CK-MB and LDH levels increased, as did cardiac levels of TNF-α, MDA, NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-OHdG, caspase-3 and NF-κB p65. In contrast, GSH levels and GSH-Px activity decreased. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination of the heart sections showed positive immunostaining for both 3-nitrotyrosine and caspase-3 in all clozapine-treated groups. Clozapine, particularly in relatively high doses, has a clear cardiotoxic effect. This cardiotoxicity is accompanied by increased myocardial oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, DNA damage and apoptosis with attenuation in antioxidant defences, thus explaining the previously reported myocarditis and pericarditis during clozapine therapy in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Metwally E Metwally
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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20
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Chen Z, Wang G, Zhai X, Hu Y, Gao D, Ma L, Yao J, Tian X. Selective inhibition of protein kinase C β2 attenuates the adaptor P66 Shc-mediated intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1164. [PMID: 24722289 PMCID: PMC5424109 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death occurring during ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) induced injury. The p66Shc adaptor protein, which is mediated by PKCβ, has an essential role in apoptosis under oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the role of PKCβ2/p66Shc pathway in intestinal I/R injury. In vivo, ischemia was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in mice. Ruboxistaurin (PKCβ inhibitor) or normal saline was administered before ischemia. Then blood and gut tissues were collected after reperfusion for various measurements. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were challenged with hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate intestinal I/R. Translocation and activation of PKCβ2 were markedly induced in the I/R intestine. Ruboxistaurin significantly attenuated gut damage and decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Pharmacological blockade of PKCβ2 suppressed p66Shc overexpression and phosphorylation in the I/R intestine. Gene knockdown of PKCβ2 via small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited H/R-induced p66Shc overexpression and phosphorylation in Caco-2 cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which stimulates PKCs, induced p66Shc phosphorylation and this was inhibited by ruboxistaurin and PKCβ2 siRNA. Ruboxistaurin attenuated gut oxidative stress after I/R by suppressing the decreased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the exhaustion of the glutathione (GSH) system, and the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA). As a consequence, ruboxistaurin inhibited intestinal mucosa apoptosis after I/R. Therefore, PKCβ2 inhibition protects mice from gut I/R injury by suppressing the adaptor p66Shc-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis. This may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - X Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - D Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - J Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - X Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
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21
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Elshazly SM, Abd El Motteleb DM, Nassar NN. The selective 5-LOX inhibitor 11-keto-β-boswellic acid protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: involvement of redox and inflammatory cascades. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:823-33. [PMID: 23771412 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia induces 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) translocation and leukotriene production in the heart. Leukotrienes increase inflammatory responses aggravating, thereby, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to investigate whether the selective 5-LOX inhibitor 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (11-keto BA), in three different dose levels, exert a protective effect on myocardial I/R injury in an in vivo rat heart model. Sixty male Wister rats were used in this study and divided into five equal groups (n=12): GP1, sham-operated receiving normal saline; Gp 2, rats were subjected to 45 min left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by 4 h reperfusion to serve as I/R group. Gps 3-5 received 11-keto BA in doses 250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg, respectively, via an oral gavage for 7 days then were exposed to I/R. I/R injury induced a significant elevation in myeloperoxidase activity and gene expression of intracellular adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipooxygenasae, nuclear factor kappa-beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, and hemeoxygenease-1 consequently with reduction in glutathione peroxidase in heart tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination of the heart tissues showed positive immuostaining for both 3-nitrotyrosine and caspase-3 with DNA-ladder formation in all diseased rats. 11-keto BA in three dose levels exerted dose dependent cardioprotective effect manifested by dose-dependent reduction in serum lactate dehydrogenase and infract size through mechanisms related to enhancement of antioxidant capacity and prevention of inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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22
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Gray RD, Lucas CD, MacKellar A, Li F, Hiersemenzel K, Haslett C, Davidson DJ, Rossi AG. Activation of conventional protein kinase C (PKC) is critical in the generation of human neutrophil extracellular traps. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2013; 10:12. [PMID: 23514610 PMCID: PMC3643828 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Activation of NADPH oxidase is required for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Protein kinase C (PKC) is an upstream mediator of NADPH oxidase activation and thus likely to have a role in NET formation. Methods Pharmacological inhibitors were used to block PKC activity in neutrophils harvested from healthy donor blood. Results Pan PKC inhibition with Ro-31-8220 (p<0.001), conventional PKC inhibition with Go 6976 (p<0.001) and specific PKCβ inhibition with LY333531 (p<0.01) blocked NET formation in response to PMA. Inhibition of novel and atypical PKC had no effect. LY333531 blocked NET induction by the diacylglycerol analogue OAG (conventional PKC activator) (p<0.001). Conclusions Conventional PKCs have a prominent role in NET formation. Furthermore PKCβ is the major isoform implicated in NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Gray
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Annie MacKellar
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Feng Li
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Katia Hiersemenzel
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Chris Haslett
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Donald J Davidson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Rui T, Tang Q. IL-33 attenuates anoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibition of PKCβ/JNK pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56089. [PMID: 23457506 PMCID: PMC3573011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a new member of the IL-1 cytokine family. The objectives of present study are to assess whether IL-33 can protect cardiomyocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-induced injury and the mechanism involved in the protection. METHODS Cardiomyocytes derived from either wild type or JNK1(-/-) mice were challenged with an A/R with or without IL-33. Myocyte apoptosis was assessed by measuring caspase 3 activity, fragmented DNA and TUNEL staining. In addition, cardiomyocyte oxidative stress was assessed by measuring DHR123 oxidation; PKCβII and JNK phosphorylation were assessed with Western blot. RESULTS Challenge of cardiomyocytes with an A/R resulted in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress, PKCβII and JNK phosphorylation, and myocyte apoptosis. Treatment of the cardiomyocytes with IL-33 attenuated the A/R-induced myocyte oxidative stress, prevented PKCβII and JNK phosphorylation and attenuated the A/R-induced myocyte apoptosis. The protective effect of the IL-33 did not show in cardiac myocytes with siRNA specific to PKCβII or myocytes deficient in JNK1. Inhibition of PKCβII prevented the A/R-induced JNK phosphorylation, but inhibition of JNK1 showed no effect on A/R-induced PKCβII phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IL-33 prevents the A/R-induced myocyte apoptosis through inhibition of PKCβ/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Rui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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24
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van Berlo JH, Maillet M, Molkentin JD. Signaling effectors underlying pathologic growth and remodeling of the heart. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:37-45. [PMID: 23281408 DOI: 10.1172/jci62839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging individual myocytes to augment cardiac pump function and decrease ventricular wall tension. Initially, such cardiac hypertrophic growth is often compensatory, but as time progresses these changes become maladaptive. Cardiac hypertrophy is the strongest predictor for the development of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Here we discuss therapeutic avenues emerging from molecular and genetic studies of cardiovascular disease in animal models. The majority of these are based on intracellular signaling pathways considered central to pathologic cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, which then leads to heart failure. We focus our discussion on selected therapeutic targets that have more recently emerged and have a tangible translational potential given the available pharmacologic agents that could be readily evaluated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jop H van Berlo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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25
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Abdillahi M, Ananthakrishnan R, Vedantham S, Shang L, Zhu Z, Rosario R, Zirpoli H, Bohren KM, Gabbay KH, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase modulates cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation during ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H297-308. [PMID: 22661511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00999.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR) plays a key role in mediating ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our objective was to investigate if AR mediates I/R injury by influencing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β). To investigate this issue, we used three separate models to study the effects of stress injury on the heart. Hearts isolated from wild-type (WT), human expressing AR transgenic (ARTg), and AR knockout (ARKO) mice were perfused with/without GSK3β inhibitors (SB-216763 and LiCl) and subjected to I/R. Ad-human AR (Ad-hAR)-expressing HL-1 cardiac cells were exposed to hypoxia (0.5% O(2)) and reoxygenation (20.9% O(2)) conditions. I/R in a murine model of transient occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was used to study if p-GSK3β was affected through increased AR flux. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were measured. LVDP was decreased in hearts from ARTg mice compared with WT and ARKO after I/R, whereas LDH release and apoptotic markers were increased (P < 0.05). p-GSK3β was decreased in ARTg hearts compared with WT and ARKO (P < 0.05). In ARKO, p-GSK3β and apoptotic markers were decreased compared with WT (P < 0.05). WT and ARTg hearts perfused with GSK3β inhibitors improved p-GSK3β expression and LVDP and exhibited decreased LDH release, apoptosis, and mitochondrial pore opening (P < 0.05). Ad-hAR-expressing HL-1 cardiac cells, exposed to hypoxia (0.5% O(2)) and reoxygenation (20.9% O(2)), had greater LDH release compared with control HL-1 cells (P < 0.05). p-GSK3β was decreased and correlated with increased apoptotic markers in Ad-hAR HL-1 cells (P < 0.05). Treatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor increased injury demonstrated by increased LDH release in ARTg, WT, and ARKO hearts and in Ad-hAR-expressing HL-1 cells. Cells treated with protein kinase C (PKC) α/β inhibitor displayed significant increases in p-Akt and p-GSK3β expression, and resulted in decreased LDH release. In summary, AR mediates changes in p-GSK3β, in part, via PKCα/β and Akt during I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Abdillahi
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
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26
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Rui T, Zhang J, Xu X, Yao Y, Kao R, Martin CM. Reduction in IL-33 expression exaggerates ischaemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in mice with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:370-8. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Belmonte
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Burns C. Blaxall
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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28
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Kamo N, Shen XD, Ke B, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Sotrastaurin, a protein kinase C inhibitor, ameliorates ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2499-507. [PMID: 21883905 PMCID: PMC3625141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sotraustaurin (STN), a small molecule, targeted protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor that prevents T-lymphocyte activation via a calcineurin-independent pathway, is currently being tested in Phase II renal and liver transplantation clinical trials. We have documented the key role of activated T cells in the inflammation cascade leading to liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study explores putative cytoprotective functions of STN in a clinically relevant rat model of hepatic cold ischemia followed by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Livers from Sprague-Dawley rats were stored for 30 h at 4°C in UW solution, and then transplanted to syngeneic recipients. STN treatment of liver donors/recipients or recipients only prolonged OLT survival to >90% (vs. 40% in controls), decreased hepatocellular damage and improved histological features of IRI. STN treatment decreased activation of T cells, and diminished macrophage/neutrophil accumulation in OLTs. These beneficial effects were accompanied by diminished apoptosis, NF-κB/ERK signaling, depressed proapoptotic cleaved caspase-3, yet upregulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xl and hepatic cell proliferation. In vitro, STN decreased PKCθ/IκBα activation and IL-2/IFN-γ production in ConA-stimulated spleen T cells, and diminished TNF-α/IL-1β in macrophage-T cell cocultures. This study documents positive effects of STN on liver IRI in OLT rat model that may translate as an additional benefit of STN in clinical liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kamo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ladage D, Tilemann L, Ishikawa K, Correll RN, Kawase Y, Houser SR, Molkentin JD, Hajjar RJ. Inhibition of PKCα/β with ruboxistaurin antagonizes heart failure in pigs after myocardial infarction injury. Circ Res 2011; 109:1396-400. [PMID: 21998327 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activity and protein level are induced during cardiac disease where it controls myocardial contractility and propensity to heart failure in mice and rats. For example, mice lacking the gene for PKCα have enhanced cardiac contractility and reduced susceptibility to heart failure after long-term pressure overload or after myocardial infarction injury. Pharmacological inhibition of PKCα/β with Ro-32-0432, Ro-31-8220 or ruboxistaurin (LY333531) similarly enhances cardiac function and antagonizes heart failure in multiple models of disease in both mice and rats. OBJECTIVE Large and small mammals differ in several key indexes of heart function and biochemistry, lending uncertainty as to how PKCα/β inhibition might affect or protect a large animal model of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that ruboxistaurin administration to a pig model of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure was protective. Twenty-kilogram pigs underwent left anterior descending artery occlusion resulting in myocardial infarctions and were then divided into vehicle or ruboxistaurin feed groups, after which they were monitored monthly for the next 3 months. Ruboxistaurin administered pigs showed significantly better recovery of myocardial contractility 3 months after infarction injury, greater ejection fraction, and greater cardiac output compared with vehicle-treated pigs. CONCLUSIONS These results provide additional evidence in a large animal model of disease that PKCα/β inhibition (with ruboxistaurin) represents a tenable and novel therapeutic approach for treating human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Ladage
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Liu Q, Molkentin JD. Protein kinase Cα as a heart failure therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:474-8. [PMID: 20937286 PMCID: PMC3204459 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure afflicts ~5 million people and causes ~300,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. Heart failure is defined as a deficiency in the ability of the heart to pump sufficient blood in response to systemic demands, which results in fatigue, dyspnea, and/or edema. Identifying new therapeutic targets is a major focus of current research in the field. We and others have identified critical roles for protein kinase C (PKC) family members in programming aspects of heart failure pathogenesis. More specifically, mechanistic data have emerged over the past 6-7 years that directly implicate PKCα, a conventional PKC family member, as a nodal regulator of heart failure propensity. Indeed, deletion of the PKCα gene in mice, or its inhibition in rodents with drugs or a dominant negative mutant and/or inhibitory peptide, has shown dramatic protective effects that antagonize the development of heart failure. This review will weigh all the evidence implicating PKCα as a novel therapeutic target to consider for the treatment of heart failure. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure."
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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31
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Bu X, Zhang N, Yang X, Liu Y, Du J, Liang J, Xu Q, Li J. Proteomic analysis of cPKCβII-interacting proteins involved in HPC-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia of mice. J Neurochem 2011; 117:346-56. [PMID: 21291475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) initiates intracellular signaling pathway to provide protection against subsequent cerebral ischemic injuries, and its mechanism may provide molecular targets for therapy in stroke. According to our study of conventional protein kinase C βII (cPKCβII) activation in HPC, the role of cPKCβII in HPC-induced neuroprotection and its interacting proteins were determined in this study. The autohypoxia-induced HPC and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia mouse models were prepared as reported. We found that HPC reduced 6 h MCAO-induced neurological deficits, infarct volume, edema ratio and cell apoptosis in peri-infarct region (penumbra), but cPKCβII inhibitors Go6983 and LY333531 blocked HPC-induced neuroprotection. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of four proteins in cytosol and eight proteins in particulate fraction changed significantly among 49 identified cPKCβII-interacting proteins in cortex of HPC mice. In addition, HPC could inhibit the decrease of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) level and increase of CRMP-2 breakdown product. TAT-CRMP-2 peptide, which prevents the cleavage of endogenous CRMP-2, could inhibit CRMP-2 dephosphorylation and proteolysis as well as the infarct volume of 6 h MCAO mice. This study is the first to report multiple cPKCβII-interacting proteins in HPC mouse brain and the role of cPKCβII-CRMP-2 in HPC-induced neuroprotection against early stages of ischemic injuries in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bu
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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32
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Rose BA, Force T, Wang Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in the heart: angels versus demons in a heart-breaking tale. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:1507-46. [PMID: 20959622 PMCID: PMC3808831 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the myriad of intracellular signaling networks that govern the cardiac development and pathogenesis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are prominent players that have been the focus of extensive investigations in the past decades. The four best characterized MAPK subfamilies, ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and ERK5, are the targets of pharmacological and genetic manipulations to uncover their roles in cardiac development, function, and diseases. However, information reported in the literature from these efforts has not yet resulted in a clear view about the roles of specific MAPK pathways in heart. Rather, controversies from contradictive results have led to a perception that MAPKs are ambiguous characters in heart with both protective and detrimental effects. The primary object of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress, in an effort to highlight the areas where consensus is established verses the ones where controversy remains. MAPKs in cardiac development, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pathological remodeling are the main focuses of this review as these represent the most critical issues for evaluating MAPKs as viable targets of therapeutic development. The studies presented in this review will help to reveal the major challenges in the field and the limitations of current approaches and point to a critical need in future studies to gain better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of MAPK function and regulation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rose
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology, Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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33
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Bohl S, Medway DJ, Schulz-Menger J, Schneider JE, Neubauer S, Lygate CA. Refined approach for quantification of in vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009. [PMID: 19820193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion experiments in the mouse are important in vivo models of human disease. Infarct size is a particularly important scientific readout as virtually all cardiocirculatory pathways are affected by it. Therefore, such measurements must be exact and valid. The histological analysis, however, remains technically challenging, and the resulting quality is often unsatisfactory. For this report we have scrutinized each step involved in standard double-staining histology. We have tested published approaches and challenged their practicality. As a result, we propose an improved and streamlined protocol, which consistently yields high-quality histology, thereby minimizing experimental noise and group sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bohl
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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34
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Bohl S, Medway DJ, Schulz-Menger J, Schneider JE, Neubauer S, Lygate CA. Refined approach for quantification of in vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H2054-8. [PMID: 19820193 PMCID: PMC2793132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00836.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion experiments in the mouse are important in vivo models of human disease. Infarct size is a particularly important scientific readout as virtually all cardiocirculatory pathways are affected by it. Therefore, such measurements must be exact and valid. The histological analysis, however, remains technically challenging, and the resulting quality is often unsatisfactory. For this report we have scrutinized each step involved in standard double-staining histology. We have tested published approaches and challenged their practicality. As a result, we propose an improved and streamlined protocol, which consistently yields high-quality histology, thereby minimizing experimental noise and group sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bohl
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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35
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Liu Q, Chen X, Macdonnell SM, Kranias EG, Lorenz JN, Leitges M, Houser SR, Molkentin JD. Protein kinase C{alpha}, but not PKC{beta} or PKC{gamma}, regulates contractility and heart failure susceptibility: implications for ruboxistaurin as a novel therapeutic approach. Circ Res 2009; 105:194-200. [PMID: 19556521 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.195313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase (PK)Calpha, PKCbeta, and PKCgamma comprise the conventional PKC isoform subfamily, which is thought to regulate cardiac disease responsiveness. Indeed, mice lacking the gene for PKCalpha show enhanced cardiac contractility and reduced susceptibility to heart failure. Recent data also suggest that inhibition of conventional PKC isoforms with Ro-32-0432 or Ro-31-8220 enhances heart function and antagonizes failure, although the isoform responsible for these effects is unknown. Here, we investigated mice lacking PKCalpha, PKCbeta, and PKCgamma for effects on cardiac contractility and heart failure susceptibility. PKCalpha(-/-) mice, but not PKCbetagamma(-/-) mice, showed increased cardiac contractility, myocyte cellular contractility, Ca(2+) transients, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load. PKCalpha(-/-) mice were less susceptible to heart failure following long-term pressure-overload stimulation or 4 weeks after myocardial infarction injury, whereas PKCbetagamma(-/-) mice showed more severe failure. Infusion of ruboxistaurin (LY333531), an orally available PKCalpha/beta/gamma inhibitor, increased cardiac contractility in wild-type and PKCbetagamma(-/-) mice, but not in PKCalpha(-/-) mice. More importantly, ruboxistaurin prevented death in wild-type mice throughout 10 weeks of pressure-overload stimulation, reduced ventricular dilation, enhanced ventricular performance, reduced fibrosis, and reduced pulmonary edema comparable to or better than metoprolol treatment. Ruboxistaurin was also administered to PKCbetagamma(-/-) mice subjected to pressure overload, resulting in less death and heart failure, implicating PKCalpha as the primary target of this drug in mitigating heart disease. As an aside, PKCalphabetagamma triple-null mice showed no defect in cardiac hypertrophy following pressure-overload stimulation. In conclusion, PKCalpha functions distinctly from PKCbeta and PKCgamma in regulating cardiac contractility and heart failure, and broad-acting PKC inhibitors such as ruboxistaurin could represent a novel therapeutic approach in treating human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghang Liu
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, 3333 Burnet Ave, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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36
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Roffey J, Rosse C, Linch M, Hibbert A, McDonald NQ, Parker PJ. Protein kinase C intervention: the state of play. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:268-79. [PMID: 19233632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervention in protein kinase C (PKC) has a chequered history, partly because of the poor selectivity of many inhibitors and partly a reflection of the sometimes antagonistic action of related PKC isoforms. Recent advances in targeting PKC isoforms have come from structural work on isolated kinase domains that have provided opportunities to drive selectivity through structure-based avenues. The promise of isoform selective inhibitors and the rationale for their development are discussed in the broader context of the PKC inhibitor arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Roffey
- Discovery Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Limited, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, London, UK
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37
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Edwards AV, White MY, Cordwell SJ. The Role of Proteomics in Clinical Cardiovascular Biomarker Discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1824-37. [DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r800007-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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