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Farag A, Elfadadny A, Mandour AS, Ngeun SK, Aboubakr M, Kaneda M, Tanaka R. Potential protective effects of L-carnitine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18813-18825. [PMID: 38349499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a growing concern for global public health. This study seeks to explore the potential protective effects of L-carnitine (LC) against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. To induce I/R injury, the rat hearts underwent a 30-min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We evaluated cardiac function through electrocardiography and heart rate variability (HRV) and conducted pathological examinations of myocardial structure. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of LC on myocardial apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the context of I/R injury. The results show that pretreatment with LC led to improvements in the observed alterations in ECG waveforms and HRV parameters in the nontreated ischemic reperfusion model group, although most of these changes did not reach statistical significance. Similarly, although without a significant difference, LC reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines when compared to the values in the nontreated ischemic rat group. Furthermore, LC restored the reduced expressions of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3. Additionally, LC significantly reduced the elevated Bax expressions and showed a nonsignificant increase in Bcl-2 expression, resulting in a favorable adjustment of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. We also observed a significant enhancement in the histological appearance of cardiac muscles, a substantial reduction in myocardial fibrosis, and suppressed CD3 + cell proliferation in the ischemic myocardium. This small-scale, experimental, in vivo study indicates that LC was associated with enhancements in the pathological findings in the ischemic myocardium in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury in this rat model. Although statistical significance was not achieved, LC exhibits potential and beneficial protective effects against I/R injury. It does so by modulating the expression of antioxidative and antiapoptotic genes, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and enhancing autonomic balance, particularly by increasing vagal tone in the heart. Further studies are necessary to confirm and elaborate on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sai Koung Ngeun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Kaneda M, Elfadadny A, Elhaieg A, Shimada K, Tanaka R. Effect of trehalose on heart functions in rats model after myocardial infarction: assessment of novel intraventricular pressure and heart rate variability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1182628. [PMID: 37469485 PMCID: PMC10353053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1182628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarctions remain a leading cause of global deaths. Developing novel drugs to target cardiac remodeling after myocardial injury is challenging. There is an increasing interest in exploring natural cardioprotective agents and non-invasive tools like intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in myocardial infarctions. Trehalose (TRE), a natural disaccharide, shows promise in treating atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TRE in improving cardiac functions measured by IVPG and HRV and reducing myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction in rat model. Methods Rats were divided into three groups: sham, myocardial infarction (MI), and trehalose-treated MI (TRE) groups. The animals in the MI and TRE groups underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The TRE group received 2% trehalose in their drinking water for four weeks after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, heart function was assessed using conventional echocardiography, novel color M-mode echocardiography for IVPG evaluation, and HRV analysis. After euthanasia, gross image scoring, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to evaluate inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Results The MI group exhibited significantly lower values in multiple IVPG parameters. In contrast, TRE administration showed an ameliorative effect on IVPG changes, with results comparable to the sham group. Additionally, TRE improved HRV parameters, mitigated morphological changes induced by myocardial infarction, reduced histological alterations in wall mass, and suppressed inflammatory reactions within the infarcted heart tissues. Furthermore, TRE demonstrated antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties. Conclusion The investigation into the effect of trehalose on a myocardial infarction rat model has yielded promising outcomes, as evidenced by improvements observed through conventional echocardiography, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. While minor trends were noticed in IVPG and HRV measurements. However, our findings offer valuable insights and demonstrate a correlation between IVPG, HRV, and other traditional markers of echo assessment in the myocardial infarction vs. sham groups. This alignment suggests the potential of IVPG and HRV as additional indicators for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Liuzzi P, Campagnini S, Hakiki B, Burali R, Scarpino M, Macchi C, Cecchi F, Mannini A, Grippo A. Heart rate variability for the evaluation of patients with disorders of consciousness. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 150:31-39. [PMID: 37002978 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical responsiveness of patients with a Disorder of Consciousness (DoC) correlates to sympathetic/parasympathetic homeostatic balance. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) metrics result in non-invasive proxies of modulation capabilities of visceral states. In this work, our aim was to evaluate whether HRV measures could improve the differential diagnosis between Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and Minimally Conscious State (MCS) with respect to multivariate models based on standard clinical electroencephalography (EEG) labeling only in a rehabilitation setting. METHODS A prospective observational study was performed consecutively enrolling 82 DoC patients. Polygraphic recordings were performed. HRV-metrics and EEG descriptors derived from the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care terminology were included. Descriptors entered univariate and then multivariate logistic regressions with the target set to the UWS/MCS diagnosis. RESULTS HRV measures resulted significantly different between UWS and MCS patients, with higher values being associated with better consciousness levels. Specifically, adding HRV-related metrics to ACNS EEG descriptors increased the Nagelkerke R2 from 0.350 (only EEG descriptors) to 0.565 (HRV-EEG combination) with the outcome set to the consciousness diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS HRV changes across the lowest states of consciousness. Rapid changes in heart rate, occurring in better consciousness levels, confirm the mutual correlation between visceral state functioning patterns and consciousness alterations. SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative analysis of heart rate in patients with a DoC paves the way for the implementation of low-cost pipelines supporting medical decisions within multimodal consciousness assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Liuzzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di BioRobotica, Pontedera, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Italy
| | - Silvia Campagnini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di BioRobotica, Pontedera, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Italy
| | - Bahia Hakiki
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy.
| | - Rachele Burali
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy
| | - Maenia Scarpino
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy
| | - Claudio Macchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy; Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy; Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, Italy
| | - Andrea Mannini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy
| | - Antonello Grippo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Via di Scandicci 269, Italy
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Pizzo E, Berrettoni S, Kaul R, Cervantes DO, Di Stefano V, Jain S, Jacobson JT, Rota M. Heart Rate Variability Reveals Altered Autonomic Regulation in Response to Myocardial Infarction in Experimental Animals. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:843144. [PMID: 35586660 PMCID: PMC9108187 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.843144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of beating rate provides information on the modulatory action of the autonomic nervous system on the heart, which mediates adjustments of cardiac function to meet hemodynamic requirements. In patients with myocardial infarction, alterations of heart rate variability (HRV) have been correlated to the occurrence of arrhythmic events and all-cause mortality. In the current study, we tested whether experimental rodent models of myocardial infarction recapitulate dynamics of heart rate variability observed in humans, and constitute valid platforms for understanding mechanisms linking autonomic function to the development and manifestation of cardiovascular conditions. For this purpose, HRV was evaluated in two engineered mouse lines using electrocardiograms collected in the conscious, restrained state, using a tunnel device. Measurements were obtained in naïve mice and animals at 3–∼28 days following myocardial infarction, induced by permanent coronary artery ligation. Two mouse lines with inbred and hybrid genetic background and, respectively, homozygous (Homo) and heterozygous (Het) for the MerCreMer transgene, were employed. In the naïve state, Het female and male mice presented prolonged RR interval duration (∼9%) and a ∼4-fold increased short- and long-term RR interval variability, with respect to sex-matched Homo mice. These differences were abrogated by pharmacological interventions inhibiting the sympathetic and parasympathetic axes. At 3–∼14 days after myocardial infarction, RR interval duration increased in Homo mice, but was not affected in Het animals. In contrast, Homo mice had minor modifications in HRV parameters, whereas substantial (> 50%) reduction of short- and long-term RR interval variation occurred in Het mice. Interestingly, ex vivo studies in isolated organs documented that intrinsic RR interval duration increased in infarcted vs. non-infarcted Homo and Het hearts, whereas RR interval variation was not affected. In conclusion, our study documents that, as observed in humans, myocardial infarction in rodents is associated with alterations in heart rhythm dynamics consistent with sympathoexcitation and parasympathetic withdrawal. Moreover, we report that mouse strain is an important variable when evaluating autonomic function via the analysis of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pizzo
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Silvia Berrettoni
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ridhima Kaul
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Daniel O. Cervantes
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Valeria Di Stefano
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Sudhir Jain
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Jason T. Jacobson
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Marcello Rota,
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Ye F, Liu Y, Li S, Zhang S, Foreman RD, Chen JD. Sacral nerve stimulation increases gastric accommodation in rats: a spinal afferent and vagal efferent pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G574-G581. [PMID: 31984783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00255.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Impaired gastric accommodation (GA) has been frequently reported in various gastrointestinal diseases. No standard treatment strategy is available for treating impaired GA. We explored the possible effect of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on GA and discovered a spinal afferent and vagal efferent mechanism in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (450-500 g) with a chronically implanted gastric cannula and ECG electrodes were studied in a series of sessions to study: 1) the effects of SNS with different parameters on gastric tone, compliance, and accommodation using a barostat device; two sets of parameters were tested as follows: parameter 1) 5 Hz, 500 µs, 10 s on 90 s off; 90% motor threshold and parameter 2) same as parameter 1 but 25 Hz; 2) the involvement of spinal afferent pathway via detecting c-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the brain; 3) the involvement of vagal efferent activity via the spectral analysis of heart rate variability derived from the ECG; and 4) the nitrergic mechanism, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, was given before SNS at 5 Hz. Compared with sham-SNS: 1) SNS at 5 Hz inhibited gastric tone and increased gastric compliance and GA. No difference was noted between the stimulation frequencies of 5 and 25 Hz. 2) SNS increased the expression of c-fos in the NTS. 3) SNS increased cardiac vagal efferent activity and decreased the sympathovagal ratio. 4) l-NAME blocked the relaxation effect of SNS. In conclusion, SNS with certain parameters relaxes gastric fundus and improves gastric accommodation mediated via a spinal afferent and vagal efferent pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, there is no adequate medical therapy for impaired gastric accommodation, since medications that relax the fundus often impair antral peristalsis and thus further delay gastric emptying that is commonly seen in patients with functional dyspepsia or gastroparesis. The advantage of the potential sacral nerve stimulation therapy is that it improves gastric accommodation by enhancing vagal activity, and the enhanced vagal activity would lead to enhanced antral peristalsis rather than inhibiting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yi Liu
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiying Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Robert D Foreman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jiande Dz Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dai F, Yin J, Chen JDZ. Effects and Mechanisms of Vagal Nerve Stimulation on Body Weight in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Obes Surg 2020; 30:948-956. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang X, Yang B, Yin J, Wei W, Chen JDZ. Electroacupuncture via chronically implanted electrodes improves gastrointestinal motility by balancing sympathovagal activities in a rat model of constipation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G797-G805. [PMID: 30920306 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported for treating constipation in clinical studies. However, little is known of the possible mechanisms involved in the prokinetic effect of EA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying autonomic mechanisms of EA via chronically implanted electrodes for constipation in rat induced by Loperamide (Lop). Lop was given to regular rats to induce constipation. EA was performed via a pair of electrodes chronically implanted at bilateral acupoint ST-36. Feces characteristics, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, distal colon transit time (dCTT), and whole gut transit time (WGTT) were measured in various sessions with EA or sham EA in rats with constipation induced by Lop. Heart rate variability (HRV) derived from the electrocardiogram was analyzed to evaluate autonomic functions. The number of fecal pellets was reduced by 27% with Lop (P < 0.01) and normalized by 7-day EA. Similar results were also observed in pellet weight. In normal rats compared with sham EA, EA shortened dCTT by 74% (P < 0.05 vs. sham EA), increased small intestinal transit by 28% (P < 0.01) and gastric emptying by 27% (P < 0.05), and accelerated whole gut transit by 14% (P < 0.05). In Lop-treated rats, the dCTT and WGTT were prolonged by Lop and normalized by EA. Lop significantly decreased vagal activity and increased sympathetic nerve activity; however, EA reversed these effects. EA at ST-36 via chronically implanted electrodes improves Lop-induced constipation by enhancing GI motility via the autonomic mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The findings of the present study suggest that the proposed electroacupuncture (EA) may have great therapeutic potential for treating patients with opioid-induced constipation. It was demonstrated that EA at ST-36 improved transit of every organ along the gut mediated via the autonomic mechanisms in normal rats and rats with Lop-induced constipation. It is advised to administrate EA daily instead of two or three times weekly as reported in most of the clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Second School of Clinic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Boli Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital of Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group, Jincheng, Shanxi , China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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Murakami H, Li S, Foreman R, Yin J, Hirai T, Chen JDZ. Ameliorating Effects of Electroacupuncture on Dysmotility, Inflammation, and Pain Mediated via the Autonomic Mechanism in a Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25:286-299. [PMID: 30827069 PMCID: PMC6474706 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Postoperative ileus increases healthcare costs and reduces the postoperative quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 and PC6 on gastrointestinal motility in rat model of postoperative ileus. Methods Laparotomy was performed in 24 rats (control [n = 8], sham-EA [n = 8], and EA [n = 8]) for the implantation of electrodes in the stomach and mid-jejunum for recording of gastric and small intestinal slow waves. Electrodes were placed in the chest skin for electrocardiogram (ECG). Intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed in Sham-EA and EA rats after surgical procedures. Small intestinal transit (SIT), gastric emptying (GE), postoperative pain, and plasma TNF-α were evaluated in all rats. Results (1) Compared with sham-EA, EA accelerated both SIT (P < 0.05) and GE (P < 0.05) and improved regularity of small intestinal slow waves. (2) Compared with the control rats (no IM), IM suppressed vagal activity and increased sympathovagal ratio assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability from ECG, which were significantly prevented by EA. (3) EA significantly reduced pain score at 120 minutes (P < 0.05, vs 15 minutes) after the surgery, which was not seen with sham-EA. (4) Plasma TNF-α was increased by IM (P = 0.02) but suppressed by EA (P = 0.04) but not sham-EA. Conclusion The postoperative ileus induced by IM, EA at ST36 and PC6 exerts a prokinetic effect on SIT and GE, a regulatory effect on small intestinal slow waves and an analgesic effect on postoperative pain possibly mediated via the autonomic-cytokine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Murakami
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shiying Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Robert Foreman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshihiro Hirai
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Murakami H, Li S, Foreman R, Yin J, Hirai T, Chen JDZ. Intraoperative Vagus Nerve Stimulation Accelerates Postoperative Recovery in Rats. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:320-330. [PMID: 30264388 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative ileus (POI) is a heavy burden for healthcare industries and reduces the postoperative quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the intraoperative vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS) on gastrointestinal motility in a rodent model of POI. METHODS For control group (control, n = 8), electrodes were placed on the chest wall for recording the electrocardiogram and on the stomach and small intestine for measuring gastric slow waves (GSWs) and small intestinal slow waves (SSWs). For sham group (sham, n = 8) and iVNS group (VNS, n = 8), after the same surgery as the control, intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed to induce POI. iVNS was performed during the surgery for the iVNS group. Small intestinal transit (SIT), gastric emptying (GE), postoperative pain, and plasma TNF-α were evaluated after operation. RESULTS IM delayed GE that was normalized by iVNS (P < 0.05). iVNS reduced plasma TNF-α increased by IM (P = 0.04). iVNS prevents the injury of ileum mucosa induced by IM (P < 0.05). iVNS reduced the postoperative pain (P < 0.05). iVNS prevented the IM-induced decrease in vagal activity (sham 0-30 min vs. 150-180 min, P = 0.03, VNS 0-30 min vs. 150-180 min, P = 0.58) and increase in sympathovagal balance (sham 0-30 min vs. 150-180 min, P = 0.04, VNS 0-30 min vs. 150-180 min, P = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS iVNS accelerates postoperative recovery by improving GE, reducing postoperative pain, and preventing the injury of ileum mucosa mediated via the autonomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Murakami
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shiying Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Robert Foreman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshihiro Hirai
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Ye F, Yin J, Li S, Chen JDZ. Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture at ST36 in a rodent model of dyspepsia induced by cisplatin. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13474. [PMID: 30246392 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-associated dyspepsia syndrome (CADS) is among the most intensive side effects and critical concerns for patients with cancer. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 on chemotherapy-associated dyspeptic symptoms (CADS) in rats. METHODS Cisplatin (8 mg/kg, ip) was given once to establish CADS model. EA or sham-EA treatment was then performed one hour daily for 21 days. KEY RESULTS (a) EA treatment decreased kaolin intake within 24 hours (1.67 ± 0.23 g vs 2.36 ± 0.37 g in sham-EA, P < 0.05); EA increased food intake (9.43 ± 2.28 vs 4.32 ± 1.26 in sham-EA, P < 0.05) and cisplatin-induced reduction of body weight (426.38 ± 13.25 vs 407.92 ± 13.26 in sham-EA, P = 0.05). (b) The incidence of normal behavioral satiety sequence (53%) in EA group was greater than that in sham-EA (32%) group (X2 = 17.68, P < 0.01). (c) EA increased the percentage of normal gastric slow waves (82.6 ± 5.98 vs 22.8 ± 1.90 in sham-EA, P < 0.05). (d) EA normalized cisplatin delayed gastric emptying (71.3% ± 6.8% vs 44.6% ± 11.2% in control, P < 0.05). (e) EA decreased ratio of heart rate variability (0.30 ± 0.03 vs 0.56 ± 0.05 in sham-EA, P < 0.05). (f) EA decreased fasting ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (P < 0.01 vs sham-EA for all). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Chronic EA ameliorates dyspepsia symptom and improves gastric dysmotility induced by Cisplatin, mediated via the vagal and gastrointestinal hormonal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunjuan Zhang
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiying Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
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Aires R, Pimentel EB, Forechi L, Dantas EM, Mill JG. Time course of changes in heart rate and blood pressure variability in rats with myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5511. [PMID: 28076450 PMCID: PMC5264537 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the time course of changes in autonomic balance in the acute
(1 and 3 days), sub-acute (7 days) and chronic (28 days) phases of myocardial
infarction (MI) in rats. Autonomic balance was assessed by temporal and spectral
analyses of blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV).
Pulsatile blood pressure (BP) recordings (30 min) were obtained in awake and
unrestrained male Wistar rats (N = 77; 8-10 weeks old) with MI (coronary ligature) or
sham operation (SO). Data are reported as means±SE. The high frequency (HF) component
(n.u.) of HRV was significantly lower in MI-1- (P<0.01) and MI-3-day rats
(P<0.05) than in their time-control groups (SO-1=68±4 vs
MI-1=35.3±4.3; SO-3=71±5.8 vs MI-3=45.2±3.8), without differences
thereafter (SO-7=69.2±4.8 vs MI-7=56±5.8; SO-28=73±4
vs MI-28=66±6.6). A sharp reduction (P<0.05) of BPV
(mmHg2) was observed in the first week after MI (SO-1=8.55±0.80;
SO-3=9.11±1.08; SO-7=7.92±1.10 vs MI-1=5.63±0.73; MI-3=5.93±0.30;
MI-7=5.30±0.25). Normal BPV, however, was observed 4 weeks after MI (SO-28=8.60±0.66
vs MI-28=8.43±0.56 mmHg2; P>0.05). This reduction
was mainly due to attenuation of the low frequency (LF) band of BPV in absolute and
normalized units (SO-1=39.3±7%; SO-3=55±4.5%; SO-7=46.8±4.5%; SO-28=45.7±5%;
MI-1=13±3.5%; MI-3=35±4.7%; MI-7=25±2.8%; MI-28=21.4±2.8%). The results suggest that
the reduction in HRV was associated with decrease of the HF component of HRV
suggesting recovery of the vagal control of heartbeats along the post-infarction
healing period. The depression of BPV was more dependent on the attenuation of the LF
component, which is linked to the baroreflex modulation of the autonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aires
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - E B Pimentel
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - L Forechi
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - E M Dantas
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - J G Mill
- Departmento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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12
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Andrade DC, Lucero C, Toledo C, Madrid C, Marcus NJ, Schultz HD, Del Rio R. Relevance of the Carotid Body Chemoreflex in the Progression of Heart Failure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:467597. [PMID: 26779536 PMCID: PMC4686619 DOI: 10.1155/2015/467597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global health problem affecting millions of people. Autonomic dysfunction and disordered breathing patterns are commonly observed in patients with CHF, and both are strongly related to poor prognosis and high mortality risk. Tonic activation of carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors contributes to sympathoexcitation and disordered breathing patterns in experimental models of CHF. Recent studies show that ablation of the CB chemoreceptors improves autonomic function and breathing control in CHF and improves survival. These exciting findings indicate that alterations in CB function are critical to the progression of CHF. Therefore, better understanding of the physiology of the CB chemoreflex in CHF could lead to improvements in current treatments and clinical management of patients with CHF characterized by high chemosensitivity. Accordingly, the main focus of this brief review is to summarize current knowledge of CB chemoreflex function in different experimental models of CHF and to comment on their potential translation to treatment of human CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Madrid
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, 7500000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Noah J. Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Harold D. Schultz
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000 Santiago, Chile
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
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13
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Kolettis TM, Kontonika M, Barka E, Daskalopoulos EP, Baltogiannis GG, Tourmousoglou C, Papalois A, Kyriakides ZS. Central Sympathetic Activation and Arrhythmogenesis during Acute Myocardial Infarction: Modulating Effects of Endothelin-B Receptors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:6. [PMID: 26664878 PMCID: PMC4671362 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic activation during acute myocardial infarction (MI) is an important arrhythmogenic mechanism, but the role of central autonomic inputs and their modulating factors remain unclear. Using the in vivo rat-model, we examined the effects of clonidine, a centrally acting sympatholytic agent, in the presence or absence of myocardial endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. We studied wild-type (n = 20) and ETB-deficient rats (n = 20) after permanent coronary ligation, with or without pretreatment with clonidine. Cardiac rhythm was continuously recorded for 24 h by implantable telemetry devices, coupled by the assessment of autonomic and heart failure indices. Sympathetic activation and arrhythmogenesis were more prominent in ETB-deficient rats during the early phase post-ligation. Clonidine improved these outcomes throughout the observation period in ETB-deficient rats, but only during the delayed phase in wild-type rats. However, this benefit was counterbalanced by atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and by higher incidence of heart failure, the latter particularly evident in ETB-deficient rats. Myocardial ETB-receptors attenuate the arrhythmogenic effects of central sympathetic activation during acute MI. ETB-receptor deficiency potentiates the sympatholytic effects of clonidine and aggravates heart failure. The interaction between endothelin and sympathetic responses during myocardial ischemia/infarction and its impact on arrhythmogenesis and left ventricular dysfunction merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Barka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute , Ioannina and Athens , Greece
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Papalois
- Cardiovascular Research Institute , Ioannina and Athens , Greece ; Experimental Research Center ELPEN , Athens , Greece
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14
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Hasan W, Smith PG. Decreased adrenoceptor stimulation in heart failure rats reduces NGF expression by cardiac parasympathetic neurons. Auton Neurosci 2013; 181:13-20. [PMID: 24332566 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Postganglionic cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves are physically proximate in atrial cardiac tissue allowing reciprocal inhibition of neurotransmitter release, depending on demands from central cardiovascular centers or reflex pathways. Parasympathetic cardiac ganglion (CG) neurons synthesize and release the sympathetic neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF), which may serve to maintain these close connections. In this study we investigated whether NGF synthesis by CG neurons is altered in heart failure, and whether norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons promotes NGF synthesis. NGF and proNGF immunoreactivity in CG neurons in heart failure rats following chronic coronary artery ligation was investigated. NGF immunoreactivity was decreased significantly in heart failure rats compared to sham-operated animals, whereas proNGF expression was unchanged. Changes in neurochemistry of CG neurons included attenuated expression of the cholinergic marker vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and increased expression of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. To further investigate norepinephrine's role in promoting NGF synthesis, we cultured CG neurons treated with adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists. An 82% increase in NGF mRNA levels was detected after 1h of isoproterenol (β-AR agonist) treatment, which increased an additional 22% at 24h. Antagonist treatment blocked isoproterenol-induced increases in NGF transcripts. In contrast, the α-AR agonist phenylephrine did not alter NGF mRNA expression. These results are consistent with β-AR mediated maintenance of NGF synthesis in CG neurons. In heart failure, a decrease in NGF synthesis by CG neurons may potentially contribute to reduced connections with adjacent sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wohaib Hasan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Peter G Smith
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
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15
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Lee HW, Han TH, Yi KJ, Choi MC, Lee SY, Ryu PD. Time course of diurnal rhythm disturbances in autonomic function of rats with myocardial infarction. Auton Neurosci 2013; 179:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Sha W, Zhu H, Chen JDZ. Blunted Peripheral and Central Responses to Gastric Mechanical and Electrical Stimulations in Diet-induced Obese Rats. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:454-66. [PMID: 24199005 PMCID: PMC3816179 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The increase in the prevalence of obesity is attributed to increased food intake and decreased physical activity in addition to genetic factors. Altered gut functions have been reported in obese subjects, whereas, little is known on the possible alterations in brain-gut interactions in obesity. The aim of the study was to explore possible alterations in gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying, autonomic functions and central neuronal responses to gastric stimulations in diet-induced obese rats. Methods Gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying and heart rate variability were recorded in lean and obese rats; extracellular neuronal activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus and its responses to gastric stimulations were also assessed. Results (1) Gastric emptying was significantly accelerated but gastric myoelectrical activity was not altered in obese rats; (2) the normal autonomic responses to feeding were absent in obese rats, suggesting an impairment of postprandial modulation of autonomic functions; and (3) central neuronal responses to gastric stimulations (both balloon distention and electrical stimulation) were blunted in obese rats, suggesting impairment in the brain-gut interaction. Conclusions In diet-induced obese rats, gastric emptying is accelerated, postprandial modulations of autonomic functions is altered and central neuronal responses to gastric stimulations are attenuated. These alterations in peripheral, autonomic and brain-gut interactions may help better understand pathogenesis of obesity and develop novel therapeutic approaches for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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17
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Sino-European transcontinental basic and clinical high-tech acupuncture studies-part 1: auricular acupuncture increases heart rate variability in anesthetized rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:817378. [PMID: 22454685 PMCID: PMC3290927 DOI: 10.1155/2012/817378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based research concerning the effects of high-tech acupuncture on autonomic function was performed by two research teams from China and Austria. This study describes the first transcontinental teleacupuncture measurements in animals. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) recordings in 10 male Sprague-Dawley anesthetized rats were performed under stable conditions in Beijing, China, and the data analysis was completed in Graz, Austria. The electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded by an HRV Medilog AR12 system during acupuncture of the ear and body (PC6 Neiguan, CV12 Zhongwan, ST36 Zusanli). The data were analyzed using specially adapted novel Austrian software. HR did not change significantly during any acupuncture stimulation in anesthetized rats (ear acupuncture, PC6, CV12, or ST36). Total HRV only changed significantly (P = 0.025) during auricular acupuncture (acupoint heart). The low-frequency/high-frequency ratio parameter decreased significantly (P = 0.03) during stimulation of ST36. This change was based on intensification of the related mechanism of blood pressure regulation that has been demonstrated in previous studies in humans. Modernization of acupuncture research performed as a collaboration between China and Austria has also been demonstrated.
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Yin J, Chen J, Chen JDZ. Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on gastric dysrhythmia, delayed emptying, and impaired accommodation in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G563-70. [PMID: 20093561 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00252.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric accommodation, gastric dysrhythmia, and gastric emptying (GE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Five experiments were performed in five groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats to study the effects of EA at ST-36 (Zusanli) on gastric slow-wave dysrhythmia, delayed GE and intestinal transit, impaired gastric accommodation, and the mechanisms of EA involving the autonomic and opioidergic pathways. We found the following: 1) EA improved gastric dysrhythmia in the diabetic rats. The normal percentage of slow waves was 55.4 +/- 2.9% at baseline and significantly increased to 69.2 +/- 2.2% with EA (P = 0.01); this effect was blocked by naloxone. 2) EA resulted in a 21.4% increase in GE and 18.2% increase in small intestinal transit in the diabetic rats. 3) EA restored diabetes-induced impairment in gastric accommodation. Gastric accommodation was 0.98 +/- 0.13 ml with sham EA and significantly increased to 1.21 +/- 0.15 ml with EA (P = 0.01), and this effect was blocked by naloxone. 4) EA increased vagal activity assessed by the spectral analysis of the heart rate variability. We concluded that EA at ST-36 improves gastric dysrhythmia, delayed GE and intestinal transit, and impaired accommodation in STZ-induced diabetic rats, and the improvement seems to be mainly mediated via the vagal pathway. EA may have a promising therapeutic potential for diabetic gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Tobaldini E, Porta A, Wei SG, Zhang ZH, Francis J, Casali KR, Weiss RM, Felder RB, Montano N. Symbolic analysis detects alterations of cardiac autonomic modulation in congestive heart failure rats. Auton Neurosci 2009; 150:21-6. [PMID: 19403339 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with neurohumoral activation. Only very few studies have examined the progression of autonomic dysfunction in CHF in humans and scanty data are available in animal models of CHF. This study was performed to assess the changes in cardiac autonomic modulation during the progression of CHF in a rat model, using an innovative analysis of heart rate variability. Progression of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was assessed in a rat model of CHF induced by coronary artery ligation. Spectral and symbolic analyses were performed on heart period (approximated with pulse interval, PI) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) signals, acquired ~2 and ~4 weeks after the surgical procedure. As CHF developed, symbolic analysis revealed a decrease of rhythmical physiological sympathetic modulation, as indicated by the reduction of the percentage of stable patterns. In addition, symbolic analysis revealed that runs of short-long-short and/or long-short-long PI values and high-low-high and/or low-high-low SAP values were more and more frequent as CHF progressed. On the contrary, spectral analysis of PI and SAP series was not able to detect any impairment of autonomic regulation. Indeed, low frequency and high frequency powers derived from both PI and SAP series were not significantly changed. These data indicate that the autonomic cardiovascular modulation is altered during the progression of CHF and that symbolic analysis seems to be more suitable than spectral analysis to describe alterations of heart period dynamics and of cardiovascular regulation in this animal model of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine II, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milan, Italy
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Henze M, Hart D, Samarel A, Barakat J, Eckert L, Scrogin K. Persistent alterations in heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and anxiety-like behaviors during development of heart failure in the rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H29-38. [PMID: 18456727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01373.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depressed heart rate variability and mood are associated with increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Here autonomic indexes were assessed 3 and 7 wk after left coronary artery ligation in telemetered rats, after which anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in an elevated plus maze. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) heart rate variability were reduced in CHF rats 3 wk after infarction (LF, 1.60 +/- 0.52 vs. 6.97 +/- 0.79 ms(2); and HF, 1.53 +/- 0.39 vs. 6.20 +/- 1.01 ms(2); P < 0.01). The number of sequences of interbeat intervals that correlated with arterial pressure was decreased in CHF rats at 3 and 7 wk (week 3, 26.60 +/- 10.85 vs. 59.75 +/- 11.4 sequences, P < 0.05; and week 7, 20.80 +/- 8.97 vs. 65.38 +/- 5.89 sequences, P < 0.01). Sequence gain was attenuated in CHF rats by 7 wk (1.34 +/- 0.06 vs. 2.70 +/- 0.29 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01). Coherence between interbeat interval and mean arterial blood pressure variability in the LF domain was reduced in CHF rats at 3 (0.12 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.05 k(2), P < 0.05) and 7 (0.16 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.05 k(2), P < 0.05) wk. CHF rats invariably entered the open arm of the elevated plus maze first and spent more time in the open arms (36.0 +/- 15% vs. 4.6 +/- 1.9%, P < 0.05). CHF rats also showed a tendency to jump head first off the apparatus, whereas controls did not. Together the data indicate that severe autonomic dysfunction is accompanied by escape-seeking behaviors in rats with verified CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Henze
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Loyola Univ. Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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21
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Igosheva N, Gridnev V, Kotelnikova E, Dovgalevsky P. Effects of external periodic perturbations on short-term heart rate variability in healthy subjects and ischemic heart disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2003; 90:91-106. [PMID: 12821224 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterise the frequency response of short-term heart rate variability to external periodic perturbations in healthy and ischemic heart disease subjects. METHODS Eleven healthy men and 11 ischemic heart disease patients were enrolled in this study. The frequency response of heart rate variability was assessed during periodic eyes opening test and controlled breathing at frequencies ranging from 0.08 to 0.25 Hz using autoregressive spectral analysis. RESULTS In subjects of both groups the mean heart rate and blood pressure were unchanged across experimental sessions. In healthy subjects eyes opening at rate of 8 and 6 times/min (0.12 and 0.10 Hz) evoked high-power peaks (P<0.05) at the same frequencies in the R-R power spectrum. The largest frequency response of heart rate variability was seen during eyes opening at 0.1 Hz (P<0.05). Ischemic heart disease patients failed to respond to periodic eyes opening with any changes in heart rate variability. During controlled breathing healthy subjects showed the highest heart rate variability frequency responses when breath frequency was 0.1 Hz (P<0.05). Comparatively, patients with ischemic heart disease had reduced frequency responses of heart rate variability at all breath rates and its magnitude did not depend on the perturbation frequency. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the frequency response of short-term heart rate variability to external periodic perturbations is dependent on the perturbation frequency and the presence disease processes in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Igosheva
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410026 Saratov, Russia.
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Korte T, Fuchs M, Guener Z, v Bonin J, de Sousa M, Niehaus M, Tebbenjohanns J, Drexler H. In-vivo electrophysiological study in mice with chronic anterior myocardial infarction. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2002; 6:121-32. [PMID: 11992022 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015359332161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of genetically altered mice with specific molecular cardiac defects are being assessed by electrophysiological studies and ECG monitoring. This approach should allow for the identification of critical genes involved in the arrhythmogenesis in myocardial infarction. Therefore it was the aim of this study to establish a standard for the in-vivo electrophysiological characteristics in the mouse model of chronic anterior myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a minimized, invasive, in-vivo electrophysiological study, surface ECG parameters, sinus node function, atrial, atrio-ventricular and ventricular conduction and ventricular repolarization, and enhanced vulnerability to atrial and ventricular arrhythmia were studied in 20 wild-type C57BL/6 mice either under control or 11 weeks after large anterior myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Telemetric ECG recording was performed in the same animals at baseline unrestrained, conscious condition to study surface ECG parameters, heart rate variability and the prevalence of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia. During electrophysiological study, infarcted mice showed an 81% increase of the angle of the QRS axis (p < 0.001) and a prolongation of the P wave by 23% (p = 0.01), the QRS complex by 39% (p = 0.001), the QT interval by 23% (p<0.05), the QT(c) interval by 30% (p < 0.005) and the JT(c) interval by 31% (p < 0.05) in comparison to control animals. Furthermore, there was a prolongation of the atrio-ventricular interval by 28% (p < 0.0005) and the atrio-ventricular functional refractory period by 26% in infarcted animals (p < 0.05), and inducibility of ventricular tachycardia in 4 of 6 infarcted versus in none of control animals (0 < 0.01). During telemetric ECG recording, there was a marked increase in ventricular ectopic activity in infarcted mice in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). Heart rate and time- and frequency-domain of heart rate variability were not significantly different in both groups (p > 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The mouse model of chronic anterior myocardial infarction is associated with significant atrial and ventricular conduction disturbances and vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia and thus may provide a highly valuable tool to study molecular determinants of arrhythmogenesis in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Korte
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Francis J, Wei SG, Weiss RM, Beltz T, Johnson AK, Felder RB. Forebrain-mediated adaptations to myocardial infarction in the rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282:H1898-906. [PMID: 11959657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00488.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the forebrain contributes to the circulatory derangements leading to heart failure after myocardial injury. We tested that hypothesis by examining the effect of myocardial infarction (MI) or sham MI (MI-s) on neurohumoral regulation in rats with prior anteroventral (AV) third ventricle lesion (AV3V-x) or sham lesion (AV3V-s). AV3V-s/MI rats had higher sodium intake, lower urine volume, and lower urinary sodium excretion than AV3V-s/MI-s rats. AV3V-x/MI rats had lower sodium intake and higher urine volume than AV3V-s/MI or AV3V-s/MI-s rats and urinary sodium excretion comparable to AV3V-s/MI-s rats. AV3V-x had no effect on baseline plasma renin activity (PRA). One week after MI, PRA had increased in AV3V-s but decreased in AV3V-x rats. AV3V-x reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity in MI and MI-s rats. AV3V-x improved baroreflex function in MI rats but diminished it in MI-s rats. Survival beyond 2 wk was lower in the AV3V-x/MI rats than in all other groups. These results confirm a critical role for the forebrain in the neurohumoral adjustments to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Francis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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