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Wehn AC, Khalin I, Hu S, Harapan BN, Mao X, Cheng S, Plesnila N, Terpolilli NA. Bradykinin 2 Receptors Mediate Long-Term Neurocognitive Deficits After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38818807 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2024.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system is one of the first inflammatory pathways to be activated following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and has been shown to exacerbate brain edema formation in the acute phase through activation of bradykinin 2 receptors (B2R). However, the influence of B2R on chronic post-traumatic damage and outcome is unclear. In the current study, we assessed long-term effects of B2R-knockout (KO) after experimental TBI. B2R KO mice (heterozygous, homozygous) and wild-type (WT) littermates (n = 10/group) were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI. Lesion size was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging up to 90 days after CCI. Motor and memory function were regularly assessed by Neurological Severity Score, Beam Walk, and Barnes maze test. Ninety days after TBI, brains were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis. There was no difference in cortical lesion size between B2R-deficient and WT animals 3 months after injury; however, hippocampal damage was reduced in B2R KO mice (p = 0.03). Protection of hippocampal tissue was accompanied by a significant improvement of learning and memory function 3 months after TBI (p = 0.02 WT vs. KO), whereas motor function was not influenced. Scar formation and astrogliosis were unaffected, but B2R deficiency led to a gene-dose-dependent attenuation of microglial activation and a reduction of CD45+ cells 3 months after TBI in cortex (p = 0.0003) and hippocampus (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that chronic hippocampal neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive impairment are mediated by prolonged neuroinflammation and B2R. Inhibition of B2R may therefore represent a novel strategy to reduce long-term neurocognitive deficits after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Clarissa Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Senbin Hu
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Biyan Nathanael Harapan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang Mao
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Neurotrauma Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Cheng
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole A Terpolilli
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Delgardo M, Tang AJ, Tudor T, Pascual-Leone A, Connolly ES. Role of gC1qR as a modulator of endothelial cell permeability and contributor to post-stroke inflammation and edema formation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1123365. [PMID: 37383840 PMCID: PMC10294424 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1123365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A serious risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) arises after the stroke event, due to inflammation and edema formation. Inflammation and edema in the brain are mediated by bradykinin, the formation of which is dependent upon a multi-ligand receptor protein called gC1qR. There are currently no preventive treatments for the secondary damage of AIS produced by inflammation and edema. This review aims to summarize recent research regarding the role of gC1qR in bradykinin formation, its role in inflammation and edema following ischemic injury, and potential therapeutic approaches to preventing post-stroke inflammation and edema formation.
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Caracuel L, Sastre E, Callejo M, Rodrigues-Díez R, García-Redondo AB, Prieto I, Nieto C, Salaices M, Aller MÁ, Arias J, Blanco-Rivero J. Hepatic Encephalopathy-Associated Cerebral Vasculopathy in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Alterations on Endothelial Factor Release and Influence on Cerebrovascular Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593371. [PMID: 33329042 PMCID: PMC7716775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by liver decompensation, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and high mortality. We aimed to determine the mechanisms implicated in the development of HE-associated cerebral vasculopathy in a microsurgical liver cholestasis (MHC) model of ACLF. Microsurgical liver cholestasis was induced by ligating and extracting the common bile duct and four bile ducts. Sham-operated and MHC rats were maintained for eight postoperative weeks Bradykinin-induced vasodilation was greater in middle cerebral arteries from MHC rats. Both Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin diminished bradykinin-induced vasodilation largely in arteries from MHC rats. Nitrite and prostaglandin (PG) F1α releases were increased, whereas thromboxane (TX) B2 was not modified in arteries from MHC. Expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS, and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 were augmented, and neuronal NOS (nNOS), COX-1, PGI2 synthase, and TXA2S were unmodified. Phosphorylation was augmented for eNOS and unmodified for nNOS. Altogether, these endothelial alterations might collaborate to increase brain blood flow in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caracuel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sastre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Callejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Díez
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. García-Redondo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Nieto
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Aller
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Arias
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Blanco-Rivero,
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Gauberti M, Potzeha F, Vivien D, Martinez de Lizarrondo S. Impact of Bradykinin Generation During Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:195. [PMID: 30018956 PMCID: PMC6037726 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current medical management in the acute phase is based on the activation of the fibrinolytic cascade by intravenous injection of a plasminogen activator (such as tissue-type plasminogen activator, tPA) that promotes restauration of the cerebral blood flow and improves stroke outcome. Unfortunately, the use of tPA is associated with deleterious effects such as hemorrhagic transformation, symptomatic brain edema, and angioedema, which limit the efficacy of this therapeutic strategy. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that intravenous thrombolysis generates large amounts of bradykinin, a peptide with potent pro-inflammatory, and pro-edematous effects. This tPA-triggered generation of bradykinin could participate in the deleterious effects of thrombolysis and is a potential target to improve neurological outcome in tPA-treated patients. The present review aims at summarizing current evidence linking thrombolysis, bradykinin generation, and neurovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France
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Radenković M, Stojanović M, Skorupan N, Prostran M. Pharmacological analysis of the rat femoral artery response to bradykinin. Sci Pharm 2013; 81:749-61. [PMID: 24106671 PMCID: PMC3791937 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1305-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) plays an important role in different physiological processes including the general preservation and modulation of vascular systems. The present study was designed in order to examine the effect of BK on isolated rat femoral artery rings and to investigate the participation of intact endothelium, cyclooxygenase products, Ca2+ channels, Na+/K+–ATPase, and B2 kinin receptors in BK-induced action. Circular artery segments were placed in organ baths. The endothelium was mechanically removed from some arteries. Concentration–contraction curves for BK were obtained in the rings previously equilibrated at the basal tone. BK produced a concentration–dependent contraction, which was reduced by endothelial denudation. The BK–induced effect was almost completely inhibited by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) or OKY–046 (thromboxane A2–synthase inhibitor). Nifedipine (Ca2+ channel blocker), ouabain (Na+/K+–ATPase inhibitor), or HOE–140 (selective B2 kinin receptor antagonist) significantly reduced the BK–evoked effect. In conclusion, it can be proposed that BK produces concentration– and endothelium–dependent contractions of the isolated rat femoral artery, which is for the most part a consequence of B2 kinin receptor activation. Cyclooxygenase contractile products, especially thromboxane A2, play a significant role in this course of action. The transduction mechanism involved in the process of BK–induced femoral artery contraction include the activation of voltage–gated Ca2+ channels, and in a smaller extent Na+/K+–ATPase as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; PO Box 38; 11129 Belgrade; Serbia
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Institoris A, Lenti L, Domoki F, Wappler E, Gáspár T, Katakam PV, Bari F, Busija DW. Cerebral microcirculatory responses of insulin-resistant rats are preserved to physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Microcirculation 2013; 19:749-56. [PMID: 22845548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, we have shown that IR impairs the vascular reactivity of the major cerebral arteries of ZO rats prior to the occurrence of Type-II diabetes mellitus. However, the functional state of the microcirculation in the cerebral cortex is still being explored. METHODS We tested the local CoBF responses of 11-13-week-old ZO (n = 31) and control ZL (n = 32) rats to several stimuli measured by LDF using a closed cranial window setup. RESULTS The topical application of 1-100 μm bradykinin elicited the same degree of CoBF elevation in both ZL and ZO groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence, latency, and amplitude of the NMDA-induced CSD-related hyperemia between the ZO and ZL groups. Hypercapnic CoBF response to 5% carbon-dioxide ventilation did not significantly change in the ZO compared with the ZL. Topical bicuculline-induced cortical seizure was accompanied by the same increase of CoBF in both the ZO and ZL at all bicuculline doses. CONCLUSIONS CoBF responses of the microcirculation are preserved in the early period of the metabolic syndrome, which creates an opportunity for intervention to prevent and restore the function of the major cerebral vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Institoris
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Multiple factors from bradykinin-challenged astrocytes contribute to the neuronal apoptosis: involvement of astroglial ROS, MMP-9, and HO-1/CO system. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 47:1020-33. [PMID: 23307413 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce the expression of several inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in brain astrocytes. These mediators may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and death in various neurological disorders. However, the effects of multiple inflammatory mediators released from BK-challenged astrocytes on neuronal cells remain unclear. Here, we found that multiple factors were released from brain astrocytes (RBA-1) exposed to BK in the conditioned culture media (BK-CM), including ROS, MMP-9, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO), leading to neuronal cell (SK-N-SH) death. Exposure of SK-N-SH cells to BK-CM or H2O2 reduced cell viability and induced cell apoptosis which were attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine, indicating a role of ROS in these responses. The effect of BK-CM on cell viability and cell apoptosis was also reversed by immunoprecipitation of BK-CM with anti-MMP-9 antibody (MMP-9-IP-CM) or MMP2/9 inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of MMP-9 in BK-CM-mediated responses. Astroglial HO-1/CO in BK-CM induced cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability which was reversed by hemoglobin. Consistently, the involvement of CO in these cellular responses was revealed by incubation with a CO donor CO-RM2 which was reversed by hemoglobin. The role of HO-1 in BK-CM-induced responses was confirmed by overexpression of HO-1 in SK-N-SH infected with Adv-HO-1. BK-CM-induced cell apoptosis was due to the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Together, we demonstrate that BK-induced several neurotoxic factors, including ROS, MMP-9, and CO released from astrocytes, may induce neuronal death through a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Bugnicourt JM, Silveira CD, Bengrine A, Godefroy O, Baumbach G, Sevestre H, Bode-Boeger SM, Kielstein JT, Massy ZA, Chillon JM. Chronic renal failure alters endothelial function in cerebral circulation in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1143-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01237.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined structure, composition, and endothelial function in cerebral arterioles after 4 wk of chronic renal failure (CRF) in a well-defined murine model (C57BL/6J and apolipoprotein E knockout female mice). We also determined quantitative expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (on serine 1177 and threonine 495), and caveolin-1; quantitative expression of markers of vascular inflammation or oxidative stress [Rock-1, Rock-2, VCAM-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)]; and the plasma concentration of l-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Our hypothesis was that endothelial function would be impaired in cerebral arterioles during CRF following either a decrease in NO production (through alteration of eNOS expression or regulation) or an increase in NO degradation (due to oxidative stress or vascular inflammation). Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired during CRF, but endothelium-independent relaxation was not. CRF had no effect on cerebral arteriolar structure and composition. Quantitative expressions of eNOS, eNOS phosphorylated on serine 1177, caveolin-1, Rock-1, Rock-2, and VCAM-1 were similar in CRF and non-CRF mice. In contrast, quantitative expression of PPARγ (which exercises a protective role on blood vessels) was significantly lower in CRF mice, whereas quantitative expression of eNOS phosphorylated on the threonine 495 (the inactive form of eNOS) was significantly higher. Lastly, the plasma concentration of ADMA (a uremic toxin and an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS) was elevated and plasma concentration of l-arginine was low in CRF. In conclusion, endothelial function is impaired in a mouse model of early stage CRF. These alterations may be related (at least in part) to a decrease in NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Bugnicourt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI12
- Services de 3Neurologie and
| | - Charlène Da Silveira
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI12
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Abderrahmane Bengrine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI12
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Services de 3Neurologie and
| | - Gary Baumbach
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Henri Sevestre
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France
| | | | - Jan T. Kielstein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI12
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Pharmacologie Clinique et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chillon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI12
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Hsieh HL, Wang HH, Wu CY, Yang CM. Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent c-Fos/Activator Protein 1 Induction Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression by Bradykinin in Brain Astrocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1829-44. [PMID: 20486760 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in tissue pathological changes such as brain injuries. Our previous studies have demonstrated that bradykinin (BK) induces the expression of several inflammatory proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 and COX-2, via mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BK-induced HO-1 expression in RBA-1 cells remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrated that BK induced HO-1 expression and enzymatic activity via a B(2) BK receptor-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathway. NADPH oxidase (Nox)-dependent ROS generation led to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and then activated the downstream molecules NF-κB and c-Jun, respectively. The c-Fos, an activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunit, was upregulated by activation of NF-κB and c-Jun, which bound to HO-1 promoter and thereby turned on transcription of HO-1 gene. The rat HO-1 promoter containing a putative AP-1 cis-binding site was identified as a crucial domain linking to BK action. Taken together, these results suggested that in RBA-1 cells, activation of ERK/NF-κB and JNK/c-Jun cascades by a Nox/ROS-dependent event enhancing c-Fos/AP-1 activity is essential for HO-1 upregulation and activation induced by BK. Moreover, ROS-dependent NF-E2-related factor 2 activation also contributes to HO-1 induction by BK in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Lu DY, Leung YM, Huang SM, Wong KL. Bradykinin-induced cell migration and COX-2 production mediated by the bradykinin B1 receptor in glioma cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:141-50. [PMID: 20411591 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin is produced and acts at the site of injury and inflammation. Recent reports have also shown that bradykinin selectively modulates blood-tumor barrier permeability. However, the molecular mechanisms and pathologic roles underlying bradykinin-induced glioma migration remain unclear. Glioma is the most common primary adult brain tumor, with a poor prognosis because of the ease with which tumor cells spread to other regions of the brain. In this study, we found that bradykinin increases the cell migration and expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in glioma cells. Bradykinin-mediated migration was attenuated by the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Moreover, increased motility of glioma cells and expression of COX-2 were mimicked by a bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) agonist and markedly inhibited by a B1R antagonist. Bradykinin-mediated migration was attenuated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase)/AKT inhibitors LY 294002 and wortmannin. Bradykinin stimulation also increased the phosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI-3 kinase and serine 473 of AKT. Treatment of bradykinin with AP-1 inhibitors Tanshinone IIA and curcumin also reduced COX-2 expression and glioma cell migration. Moreover, treatment of bradykinin also induced phosphorylation of c-Jun in glioma cells. AP-1 promoter analysis in the luciferase reporter construct showed that bradykinin increased AP-1 transcription activity and was inhibited by LY 294002 and wortmannin. One mechanism underlying bradykinin-directed migration is transcriptional up-regulation of COX-2 and activation of the B1R receptor, PI-3 kinase, AKT, c-Jun, and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Araujo M, Welch WJ. Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition suppresses tubuloglomerular feedback: roles of thromboxane receptors and nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F790-4. [PMID: 19144694 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90446.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane (TxA(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) are potent vasoactive autocoids that modulate tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Each is produced in the macula densa (MD) by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), respectively. Both enzymes are similarly regulated in the MD and their interaction may be an important factor in the regulation of TGF and glomerular filtration rate. We tested the hypothesis that TGF is modified by the balance between MD nNOS-dependent NO and MD COX-2-dependent TxA(2). We measured maximal TGF during perfusion of the loop of Henle (LH) by continuous recording of the proximal tubule stopped flow pressure response to LH perfusion of artificial tubular fluid (ATF) at 0 and 40 nl/min. The response to inhibitors of COX-1 (SC-560), COX-2 [parecoxib (Pxb)], and nNOS (l-NPA) added to the ATF solution was measured in separate nephrons. COX-2 inhibition with Pxb reduced TGF by 46% (ATF + vehicle vs. ATF + Pxb), whereas COX-1 inhibition with SC-560 reduced TGF by only 23%. Pretreatment with intravenous infusion of SQ-29,548, a selective thromboxone/PGH(2) receptor (TPR) antagonist, blocked all of the SC-560 effect on TGF, suggesting that this effect was due to activation of TPR. However, SQ-29,548 only partially diminished the effect of Pxb (-66%). Specific inhibition of nNOS with l-NPA increased TGF, as expected. However, the ability of Pxb to reduce TGF was significantly impaired with comicroperfusion of l-NPA. These data suggest that COX-2 modulates TGF by two proconstrictive actions: generation of TxA(2) acting on TPR and by simultaneous reduction of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Araujo
- Dept. of Medicine, Georgetown Univ., 4000 Reservoir Rd., Bldg. D-395, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Lee CR, North KE, Bray MS, Couper DJ, Heiss G, Zeldin DC. Cyclooxygenase polymorphisms and risk of cardiovascular events: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 83:52-60. [PMID: 17495879 PMCID: PMC2244790 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins modulate cardiovascular disease risk. We genotyped 2212 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (1,023 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases; 270 incident ischemic stroke cases; 919 non-cases) with available DNA for polymorphisms in PTGS1 and PTGS2. Using a case-cohort design, associations between genotype and CHD or stroke risk were evaluated using proportional hazards regression. In Caucasians, the reduced function PTGS1 -1006A variant allele was significantly more common among stroke cases compared to non-cases (18.2 versus 10.6%, P=0.027). In African Americans, the reduced function PTGS2 -765C variant allele was significantly more common in stroke cases (61.4 versus 49.4%, P=0.032). No significant relationships with CHD risk were observed. However, aspirin utilization appeared to modify the relationship between the PTGS2 G-765C polymorphism and CHD risk (interaction P=0.072). These findings suggest that genetic variation in PTGS1 and PTGS2 may be important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease events. Confirmation in independent populations is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- CR Lee
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - KE North
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - MS Bray
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - DJ Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - DC Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Hsieh HL, Wang HH, Wu CY, Jou MJ, Yen MH, Parker P, Yang CM. BK-induced COX-2 expression via PKC-δ-dependent activation of p42/p44 MAPK and NF-κB in astrocytes. Cell Signal 2007; 19:330-40. [PMID: 16935468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator, elevated levels in the region of several brain injury and inflammatory diseases. It has been shown to induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression implicating in inflammatory responses in various cell types. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying BK-induced COX-2 expression in astrocytes remain unclear. First, RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that BK induced the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein, which was inhibited by B(2) BK receptor antagonist Hoe140, suggesting the involvement of B(2) BK receptors. BK-induced COX-2 expression and translocation of PKC-delta from cytosol to membrane fraction were inhibited by rottlerin, suggesting that PKC-delta might be involved in these responses. This hypothesis was further supported by the transfection with a dominant negative plasmid of PKC-delta significantly blocked BK-induced COX-2 expression. BK-stimulated p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation, COX-2 mRNA expression, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release were attenuated by PD98059, indicating the involvement of MEK/p42/p44 MAPK in this pathway. Accordingly, BK-stimulated phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK was attenuated by rottlerin, indicating that PKC-delta might be an upstream component of p42/p44 MAPK. Moreover, BK-induced COX-2 expression might be mediated through the translocation of NF-kappaB into nucleus which was blocked by helenalin, rottlerin and PD98059, implying the involvement of NF-kappaB. These results suggest that in RBA-1 cells, BK-induced COX-2 expression and PGE(2) release was sequentially mediated through PKC-delta-dependent activation of p42/p44 MAPK and NF-kappaB. Understanding the regulation of COX-2 expression and PGE(2) release induced by BK in astrocytes might provide a new therapeutic strategy of brain injury and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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14
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Abstract
The cerebrovascular endothelium exerts a profound influence on cerebral vessels and cerebral blood flow. This review summarizes current knowledge of various dilator and constrictor mechanisms intrinsic to the cerebrovascular endothelium. The endothelium contributes to the resting tone of cerebral arteries and arterioles by tonically releasing nitric oxide (NO•). Dilations can occur by stimulated release of NO•, endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor, or prostanoids. During pathological conditions, the dilator influence of the endothelium can turn to that of constriction by a variety of mechanisms, including decreased NO• bioavailability and release of endothelin-1. The endothelium may participate in neurovascular coupling by conducting local dilations to upstream arteries. Further study of the cerebrovascular endothelium is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of pathological conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Andresen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 434D, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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15
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Faraci FM, Lynch C, Lamping KG. Responses of cerebral arterioles to ADP: eNOS-dependent and eNOS-independent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 287:H2871-6. [PMID: 15548728 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ADP mediates platelet-induced relaxation of blood vessels and may function as an important intercellular signaling molecule in the brain. We used pharmacological and genetic approaches to examine mechanisms that mediate responses of cerebral arterioles to ADP, including the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We examined responses of cerebral arterioles (control diameter approximately 30 microm) in anesthetized wild-type (WT, eNOS+/+) and eNOS-deficient (eNOS-/-) mice using a cranial window. In WT mice, local application of ADP produced vasodilation that was not altered by indomethacin but was reduced by approximately 50% by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (inhibitors of NOS and soluble guanylate cyclase, respectively). In eNOS-/- mice, responses to ADP were largely preserved, and a significant component of the response was resistant to L-NNA (a finding similar to that in WT mice treated with L-NNA). In the absence of L-NNA, responses to ADP were markedly reduced by charybdotoxin plus apamin [inhibitors of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels and responses mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)] in both WT and eNOS-/- mice. Thus pharmacological and genetic evidence suggests that a significant portion of the response to ADP in cerebral microvessels is mediated by a mechanism independent of eNOS. The eNOS-independent mechanism is functional in the absence of inhibited eNOS and most likely is mediated by an EDHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Faraci
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, E318-2 GH, Univ. of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Stroke is responsible for 10% of all deaths worldwide, and there remains an urgent need for the development of clinically effective treatments for acute stroke. Stroke is now considered to be a disease characterized by an ongoing inflammatory process rather than simply acute neurodegeneration. Bradykinin has attracted recent interest as a potential mediator of brain injury following stroke, because it activates several mechanisms responsible for the early manifestations of inflammation, including arteriolar dilatation, increased vascular permeability and oedema formation. These actions of bradykinin occur via activation of B(2) receptors. New evidence suggests that blocking bradykinin B(2) receptors after experimental cerebral ischaemia reduces brain oedema, infarct volume and neuronal necrosis, and improves neurological outcome. Thus, B(2) receptor antagonists may be a promising new class of compounds for clinical use after the onset of cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Kwon KS, Chae HJ. Sodium salicylate inhibits expression of COX-2 through suppression of ERK and subsequent NF-kappaB activation in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:545-53. [PMID: 12934647 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a characteristic response to inflammation, which can be inhibited with sodium salicylate. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha can induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), IKK, IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation. Salicylate inhibited the IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 expressions, regulated the activation of ERK, IKK and IkappaB degradation, and the subsequent activation of NF-kappaB, in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. The inhibition of the ERK pathway, with a selective inhibitor, PD098059, blocked the expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 and PGE2 release. The antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, also reduced the glutathione or catalase- attenuated COX-2 expressions in IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-treated cells. This antioxidant also inhibited the activation of ERK and NF-kappaB in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiomyocytes. However, salicylate had no inhibitory effect on the release of ROS in the DCFDA assay. The results showed that salicylate inhibited the activation of ERK and IKK, IkappaB degradation and NF-kappaB activation, independently of the release of ROS, which suggested that salicylate exerts its anti-inflammatory action through the inhibition of ERK, IKK, IkappaB and NF-kappaB, and the resultant COX-2 expression pathway in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Sang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Chonju 560-180, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Acupuncture has a beneficial effect when treating many diseases and painful conditions, and therefore is thought to be useful as a complementary therapy or to replace generally accepted pharmacological intervention. The attributive effect of acupuncture has been investigated in inflammatory diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, epicondylitis, complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and vasculitis. Large randomised trials demonstrating the immediate and sustained effect of acupuncture are missing. Mechanisms underlying the ascribed immunosuppressive actions of acupuncture are reviewed in this communication. The acupuncture-controlled release of neuropeptides from nerve endings and subsequent vasodilative and anti-inflammatory effects through calcitonine gene-related peptide is hypothesised. The complex interactions with substance P, the analgesic contribution of beta-endorphin and the balance between cell-specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek J Zijlstra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Centre location, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Kaplanski J, Pruneau D, Asa I, Artru AA, Azez A, Ivashkova Y, Rudich Z, Shapira Y. LF 16-0687 Ms, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, reduces brain edema and improves long-term neurological function recovery after closed head trauma in rats. J Neurotrauma 2002; 19:953-64. [PMID: 12225655 DOI: 10.1089/089771502320317104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin is an endogenous inflammatory agent that enhances vascular permeability and produces tissue edema. We investigated whether LF 16-0687 Ms, a potent nonpeptide antagonist of bradykinin type-2 (B(2)) receptor, was able to reduce brain swelling and to improve the recovery of neurological function following closed head trauma (CHT) in rats. In dose-effect studies, LF 16-0687 Ms doses of 0.75-4.5 mg/kg given 1 h after trauma significantly reduced the development of edema in the injured hemisphere by a maximum of 70%. It had no effect on the brain water content of sham-operated rats. LF 16-0687 Ms also significantly improved neurological recovery evaluated by a Neurological Severity Score (NSS) based on motor, reflex, and behavioral tests. In time-window studies LF 16-0687 Ms (2.25 mg/kg) was given 1, 2, 4, and 10 h after CHT. The extent of edema was significantly reduced when LF 16-0687 Ms was given 1 h (-45%), 2 h (-52%), and 4 h (-63%) but not 10 h (-24%) after CHT. Given at any time-point, LF 16-0687 Ms significantly improved the recovery of the NSS at 24 h. In duration of treatment studies, rats tended to recover normal neurological function over 14 days after CHT. However, time to recovery was longer in severely than in moderately injured animals, unless they were treated with LF 16-0687 Ms. This study provides further evidence that blockade of bradykinin B(2) receptors represents a potential effective approach to the treatment of focal cerebral contusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kaplanski
- Department of Pharmacology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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20
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Sercombe R, Dinh YRT, Gomis P. Cerebrovascular inflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 88:227-49. [PMID: 11949877 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.88.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage frequently results in complications including intracranial hypertension, rebleeding and vasospasm. The extravasated blood is responsible for a cascade of reactions involving release of various vasoactive and pro-inflammatory factors (several of which are purported to induce vasospasm) from blood and vascular components in the subarachnoid space. The authors review the available evidence linking these factors to the development of inflammatory lesions of the cerebral vasculature, emphasizing: 1) neurogenic inflammation due to massive release of sensory nerve neuropeptides; 2) hemoglobin from lysed erythrocytes, which creates functional lesions of endothelial and smooth muscle cells; 3) activity, expression and metabolites of lipoxygenases cyclooxygenases and nitric oxide synthases; 4) the possible role of endothelin-1 as a pro-inflammatory agent; 5) serotonin, histamine and bradykinin which are especially involved in blood-brain barrier disruption; 6) the prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory action of complement and thrombin towards endothelium; 7) the multiple actions of activated platelets, including platelet-derived growth factor production; 8) the presence of perivascular and intramural macrophages and granulocytes and their interaction with adhesion molecules; 9) the evolution, origins, and effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-6. Human and animal studies on the use of anti-inflammatory agents in subarachnoid hemorrhage include superoxide and other radical scavengers, lipid peroxidation inhibitors, iron chelators, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and serine protease inhibitors. Many animal studies claim reduced vasospasm, but these effects are not always confirmed in human trials, where symptomatic vasospasm and outcome are the major endpoints. Despite recent work on penetrating vessel constriction, there is a paucity of studies on inflammatory markers in the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sercombe
- Laboratoire de Recherches Cérébrovasculaires, CNRS UPR 646, IFR Circulation Lariboisière, Université Paris VI, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-St Louis, Paris, France.
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