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Dynnik VV, Grishina EV, Fedotcheva NI. The mitochondrial NO-synthase/guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G signaling system underpins the dual effects of nitric oxide on mitochondrial respiration and opening of the permeability transition pore. FEBS J 2019; 287:1525-1536. [PMID: 31602795 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The available data on the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial calcium-dependent NO synthase (mtNOS) in the control of mitochondrial respiration and the permeability transition pore (mPTP) are contradictory. We have proposed that the mitochondrial mtNOS/guanylate cyclase/protein kinase G signaling system (mtNOS-SS) is also implicated in the control of respiration and mPTP, providing the interplay between NO and mtNOS-SS, which, in turn, may result in inconsistent effects of NO. Therefore, using rat liver mitochondria, we applied specific inhibitors of the enzymes of this signaling system to evaluate its role in the control of respiration and mPTP opening. Steady-state respiration was supported by pyruvate, glutamate, or succinate in the presence of hexokinase, glucose, and ADP. When applied at low concentrations, l-arginine (to 500 µm) and NO donors (to 50 µm) activated the respiration and increased the threshold concentrations of calcium and d,l-palmitoylcarnitine required for the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and pore opening. Both effects were eliminated by the inhibitors of NO synthase, guanylate cyclase, and kinase G, which denotes the involvement of mtNOS-SS in the activation of respiration and deceleration of mPTP opening. At high concentrations, l-arginine and NO donors inhibited the respiration and promoted pore opening, indicating that adverse effects induced by an NO excess dominate over the protection provided by mtNOS-SS. Thus, these results demonstrate the opposite impact of NO and mtNOS-SS on the respiration and mPTP control, which can explain the dual effects of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Dynnik
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Elena V Grishina
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Nadezhda I Fedotcheva
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
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Evaluation of the Possibility of Correction of Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Heart Failure in the Experiment with 3-Hydroxypyridine Acetylcysteinate and 3-Hydroxypyridine Succinate. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:344-346. [PMID: 30006879 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of correction of morphological changes in the myocardium and biochemical parameters of the blood with 3-hydroxypyridine acetylcysteinate in a dose of 25 mg/kg was studied in the model of doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure in rats. It was found that 3-hydroxypyridine acetylcysteinate in a dose of 25 mg/kg produced less pronounced cardio-protective effect in experimental chronic heart failure than 3-hydroxypyridine succinate.
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Ravindran S, Kurian GA. The role of secretory phospholipases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Antioxidant and Antiamnestic Effects of Potassium Comenate and Comenic Acid under Conditions of Normobaric Hypoxia with Hypercapnia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:344-348. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kerkelä R, Boucher M, Zaka R, Gao E, Harris D, Piuhola J, Song J, Serpi R, Woulfe KC, Cheung JY, O'Leary E, Bonventre JV, Force T. Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart. Clin Transl Sci 2011; 4:236-42. [PMID: 21884509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies with sPLA(2) Group X, and cPLA(2) α gene-targeted mice suggest that absence of sPLA(2) Group X results in protection from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart, and absence of cPLA(2) α Group IV is protective in the brain. Although latter studies might suggest a similar deleterious role for cPLA(2) α in I/R injury in the heart, the pathophysiology of stroke is intricately related to excitotoxicity and cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the heart. We report here that unlike findings in the brain, cPLA(2) α((-/-)) mice have exaggerated injury following I/R in vivo. In contrast, there is no difference in injury induced by simulated ischemia in cardiomyocytes isolated from cPLA(2) α((-/-)) versus cPLA(2) α((+/+)) mice. This suggests that cPLA(2) α does not have an important cardiomyocyte autonomous effect on ischemic injury. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) levels are significantly reduced in the hearts of the cPLA(2) α((-/-)) mice, and the enhanced injury is ameliorated by treatment with the PGE analog, misoprostol. We demonstrate that cPLA(2) α is cardioprotective in vivo, and this is likely via cPLA(2) α-mediated production of cardioprotective eicosanoids. These studies are the first to identify a protective role for cPLA(2) in I/R injury in any organ and raise concerns over long-term inhibition of cPLA(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Kerkelä
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Kurian GA, Suryanarayanan S, Raman A, Padikkala J. Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rat hearts. Chin Med 2010; 5:3. [PMID: 20180993 PMCID: PMC2831010 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root for cardioprotection from ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. METHODS The in vitro antioxidant potential of the extract was in terms of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The in vivo antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed in an isolated rat heart model. RESULTS Free radicals were scavenged by the extract in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of the given concentrations in all models. Administration of the ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root (100 mg per kg body weight) before global ischemia caused a significant improvement of cardiac function and a decrease in the release of lactate dehydrogenase in coronary effluent, as well as the level of malondialdehyde in myocardial tissues. CONCLUSION The ethyl acetate extract of Desmodium gangeticum root protects the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage in rats. The effects of the extract may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang XP, Feng GH, Zhang J, Cai Y, Tian H, Zhang XF, Zhou YF, Wang ZW, Wang KY. Protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the hearts of rats with severe acute pancreatits or obstructive jaundice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009; 10:193-202. [PMID: 19283874 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0820179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae (Danshen) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)- or obstructive jaundice (OJ)-induced heart injury. METHODS A total of 288 rats were used for SAP- (n=108) and OJ-associated (n=180) experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, and Salvia miltiorrhizae-treated groups. According to the difference of time points after operation, SAP rats in each group were subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups (n=12), whereas OJ rats were subdivided into 7, 14, 21, and 28 d subgroups (n=15). At the corresponding time points after operation, the mortality rates of the rats, the contents of endotoxin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in blood, and pathological changes of the hearts were investigated. RESULTS The numbers of dead SAP and OJ rats in the treated groups declined as compared with those in the model control group, but not significantly (P>0.05). The contents of endotoxin (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) and PLA2 (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Besides, myocardial pathological injuries were mitigated in SAP and OJ rats. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that Salvia miltiorrhizae improved myocardial pathological changes, reduced the content of PLA2 in blood, and decreased the mortality rates of SAP and OJ rats, exerting protective effects on the hearts of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Centralab, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, and The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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The protecting effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide on heart injury in rats with SAP. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2007:19469. [PMID: 18274634 PMCID: PMC2220025 DOI: 10.1155/2007/19469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To observe the protecting effects and mechanisms
of Baicalin and Octreotide on heart injury in rats with severe
acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Methods. The SAP rat models were randomly divided into
the model group, Baicalin-treated group, Octreotide treated group,
and sham operation group. The contents of some inflammatory
indexes in blood were determined. The rat mortality, pathological
changes of heart, the changes of NF-κB,
P-Selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein
expression levels as well as apoptotic index were observed in all
groups, respectively, at 3 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after
operation.
Results. The survival rate of model group was less
than treated groups at 12 hours, difference was significant. The
contents of some inflammatory indexes of the treated groups were
lower than those of the model group to various degrees at
different time points. The pathological myocardial changes under
light microscope were milder in treated groups than in model
group. The changes of
NF-κB,
P-Selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein expression levels in
all groups were different. There was only a case of myocardial
cell apoptosis in an Octreotide-treated group at 6 hours.
Conclusion. Baicalin and Octreotide have protecting
effects on heart injury of rats with SAP.
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Hanley PJ, Dröse S, Brandt U, Lareau RA, Banerjee AL, Srivastava DK, Banaszak LJ, Barycki JJ, Van Veldhoven PP, Daut J. 5-Hydroxydecanoate is metabolised in mitochondria and creates a rate-limiting bottleneck for beta-oxidation of fatty acids. J Physiol 2004; 562:307-18. [PMID: 15513944 PMCID: PMC1665522 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) blocks pharmacological and ischaemic preconditioning, and has been postulated to be a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels. However, recent work has shown that 5-HD is activated to 5-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA (5-HD-CoA), which is a substrate for the first step of beta-oxidation. We have now analysed the complete beta-oxidation of 5-HD-CoA using specially synthesised (and purified) substrates and enzymes, as well as isolated rat liver and heart mitochondria, and compared it with the metabolism of the physiological substrate decanoyl-CoA. At the second step of beta-oxidation, catalysed by enoyl-CoA hydratase, enzyme kinetics were similar using either decenoyl-CoA or 5-hydroxydecenoyl-CoA as substrate. The last two steps were investigated using l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) coupled to 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. V(max) for the metabolite of 5-HD (3,5-dihydroxydecanoyl-CoA) was fivefold slower than for the corresponding metabolite of decanoate (l-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA). The slower kinetics were not due to accumulation of d-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA since this enantiomer did not inhibit HAD. Molecular modelling of HAD complexed with 3,5-dihydroxydecanoyl-CoA suggested that the 5-hydroxyl group could decrease HAD turnover rate by interacting with critical side chains. Consistent with the kinetic data, 5-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA alone acted as a weak substrate in isolated mitochondria, whereas addition of 100 mum 5-HD-CoA inhibited the metabolism of decanoyl-CoA or lauryl-carnitine. In conclusion, 5-HD is activated, transported into mitochondria and metabolised via beta-oxidation, albeit with rate-limiting kinetics at the penultimate step. This creates a bottleneck for beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The complex metabolic effects of 5-HD invalidate the use of 5-HD as a blocker of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in studies of preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hanley
- Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie, Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Ito M, Ishikawa Y, Kiguchi H, Komiyama K, Murakami M, Kudo I, Akasaka Y, Ishii T. Distribution of type V secretory phospholipase A2 expression in human hepatocytes damaged by liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 19:1140-9. [PMID: 15377291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Type V secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-V) is a key enzyme in the arachidonate cascade. However, the distribution of sPLA2-V in human liver has not yet been investigated. In this study, the significance of sPLA2-V expression in human hepatocytes damaged by liver disease was investigated. METHODS Samples of liver tissue from patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, hepatitis virus-related liver cirrhosis, and congestive hepatocyte injury were immunostained with antibodies against sPLA2-V, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, hepatitis viral antigens, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. RESULTS In chronic hepatitis patients, sPLA2-V-positive hepatocytes were scattered in the liver lobules, while cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were diffusely expressed. Hepatocytes around necroinflammatory lesions were strongly positive for sPLA2-V. Some sPLA2-V-positive hepatocytes were also positive for viral antigens. TGF-beta1 was expressed only in fibrotic lesions. The pattern of distribution of these proteins in liver cirrhosis patients was similar to that in chronic hepatitis patients, but sPLA2-V expression tended to be more intense than in chronic hepatitis. In the congestive liver, sPLA2-V, COX-2, and the two cytokines were diffusely expressed in surviving hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS sPLA2-V expression in hepatocytes is induced by viral infection, fibrosis, and circulatory disturbance. Immunostaining using sPLA2-V antibody is useful for the detection of injured hepatocytes in patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Nijmeijer R, Willemsen M, Meijer CJLM, Visser CA, Verheijen RH, Gottlieb RA, Hack CE, Niessen HWM. Type II secretory phospholipase A2 binds to ischemic flip-flopped cardiomyocytes and subsequently induces cell death. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H2218-24. [PMID: 12805018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00887.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a cardiovascular risk factor. We recently found depositions of sPLA2 in the necrotic center of infarcted human myocardium and normally appearing cardiomyocytes adjacent to the border zone. The consequences of binding of sPLA2 to ischemic cardiomyocytes are not known. To explore a potential effect of sPLA2 on ischemic cardiomyocytes at a cellular level we used an in vitro model. The cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 or adult cardiomyocytes were isolated from rabbits that were incubated with sPLA2 in the presence of metabolic inhibitors to mimic ischemia-reperfusion conditions. Cell viability was established with the use of annexin V and propidium iodide or 7-aminoactinomycin D. Metabolic inhibition induced an increase of the number of flip-flopped cells, including a population that did not stain with propidium iodide and that was caspase-3 negative. sPLA2 bound to the flip-flopped cells, including those negative for caspase-3. sPLA2 binding induced cell death in these latter cells. In addition, sPLA2 potentiated the binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) to these cells. We conclude that by binding to flip-flopped cardiomyocytes, including those that are caspase-3 negative and presumably reversibly injured, sPLA2 may induce cell death and tag these cells with CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nijmeijer
- Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Department of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arumugam TV, Arnold N, Proctor LM, Newman M, Reid RC, Hansford KA, Fairlie DP, Shiels IA, Taylor SM. Comparative protection against rat intestinal reperfusion injury by a new inhibitor of sPLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 selective inhibitors, and an LTC4 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 140:71-80. [PMID: 12967936 PMCID: PMC1574000 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2003] [Revised: 05/05/2003] [Accepted: 06/03/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) A new group IIa sPLA2 inhibitor was compared with selective inhibitors of COX-1, COX-2 and an LTC4 antagonist for effects on local and remote tissue injuries following ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) of the small intestine in rats. (2) In an acute model of ischaemia (30 min) and reperfusion (150 min) injury in the absence of inhibitors, there was significant intestinal haemorrhage, oedema and mucosal damage, neutropenia, elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and hypotension. (3) Preischaemic treatment with the inhibitor of sPLA2 (Group IIa), at 5 mg kg-1 i.v. or 10 mg kg-1 p.o. significantly inhibited I/R-induced neutropenia, the elevation of serum levels of AST, intestinal oedema and hypotension. (4) Pretreatment with the COX-2 inhibitor celebrex (10 mg kg-1 i.v.) and the LTC4 antagonist zafirlukast (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) also showed marked improvement with I/R-induced AST, oedema and neutropenia. Hypotension was only reduced by the LTC4 antagonist. The COX-1 inhibitor flunixin (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) did not effect improvement in the markers of tissue injury. (5) Histological examination of rat I/R injury showed that all of the drugs offered some protection to the mucosal layer damage compared to no drug treatment. Given i.v., the sPLA2 inhibitor was more effective than either the COX-1 or COX-2 inhibitors in preventing rat I/R injury. (6) These results indicate that a potent new inhibitor of sPLA2 (group IIa) protects the rat small intestine from I/R injury after oral or intravenous administration. COX-2 and LTC4 inhibitors also showed some beneficial effects against intestinal I/R injury. Our study suggests that sPLA2 (Group IIa) may have a pathogenic role in intestinal I/R in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naomi Arnold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lavinia M Proctor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Centre for Drug Design & Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karl A Hansford
- Centre for Drug Design & Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Drug Design & Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian A Shiels
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen M Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Irie H, Krukenkamp IB, Brinkmann JFF, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE, Jou W, Glatz JFC, Abumrad NA, Ibrahimi A. Myocardial recovery from ischemia is impaired in CD36-null mice and restored by myocyte CD36 expression or medium-chain fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:6819-24. [PMID: 12746501 PMCID: PMC164530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1132094100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid uptake, which provides a large part of myocardial energy, is impaired in human and murine hearts deficient in the membrane fatty acid translocase, FAT/CD36. We examined myocardial function in CD36-null mice using the working heart. Fatty acid oxidation and stores of glycogen, triglycerides, and ATP were reduced in CD36-deficient hearts and were restored to WT levels by rescue of myocyte CD36. Under normal perfusion conditions, CD36-null hearts had similar cardiac outputs and end-diastolic pressures as WT or transgenic hearts. After 6 min of ischemia, cardiac output decreased by 41% and end diastolic pressure tripled for CD36-null hearts, with no significant changes in WT or transgenic hearts. Null hearts also failed more frequently after ischemia as compared with WT or transgenics. To dissect out contribution of fatty acid uptake, a perfusate-lacking fatty acids was used. This decreased cardiac output after ischemia by 30% in WT hearts as compared with 50% for CD36-deficient hearts. End diastolic pressure, a negative index of myocardial performance, increased after ischemia in all heart types. Addition to the perfusate of a medium-chain fatty acid (caprylic acid) that does not require CD36 for uptake alleviated poor ischemic tolerance of CD36-null hearts. In summary, recovery from ischemia is compromised in CD36-deficient hearts and can be restored by CD36 rescue or by supplying medium-chain fatty acids. It would be important to determine whether the findings apply to the human situation where polymorphisms of the CD36 gene are relatively common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Irie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
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Aasum E, Hafstad AD, Severson DL, Larsen TS. Age-dependent changes in metabolism, contractile function, and ischemic sensitivity in hearts from db/db mice. Diabetes 2003; 52:434-41. [PMID: 12540618 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.2.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and palmitate metabolism and contractile function were measured with ex vivo perfused working hearts from control (db/+) and diabetic (db/db) female mice at 6, 10-12, and 16-18 weeks of age. Palmitate oxidation was increased by 2.2-fold in 6-week-old db/db hearts and remained elevated in 10- to 12- and 16- to 18-week-old hearts. Carbohydrate oxidation was normal at 6 weeks but was reduced to 27 and 23% of control at 10-12 and 16-18 weeks, respectively. At 6 weeks, db/db hearts exhibited a slight reduction in mechanical function, whereas marked signs of dysfunction were evident at 10-12 and 16-18 weeks. Mechanical function after ischemia-reperfusion was examined in hearts from male mice; at 6 weeks, db/db hearts showed normal recovery, whereas at 12 weeks it was markedly reduced. Fatty acid oxidation was the predominant substrate used after reperfusion. Thus, diabetic db/db hearts exhibit signs of a progressive cardiomyopathy; increased fatty acid oxidation preceded reductions in carbohydrate oxidation. Postischemic recovery of function was reduced in db/db hearts, in parallel with age-dependent changes in normoxic contractile performance. Finally, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha treatment (3 weeks) did not affect sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion, even though carbohydrate oxidation was increased and palmitate oxidation was decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Aasum
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsoe, Norway.
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