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Huang YZ, Wu JC, Lu GF, Li HB, Lai SM, Lin YC, Gui LX, Sham JSK, Lin MJ, Lin DC. Pulmonary Hypertension Induces Serotonin Hyperreactivity and Metabolic Reprogramming in Coronary Arteries via NOX1/4-TRPM2 Signaling Pathway. Hypertension 2024; 81:582-594. [PMID: 38174565 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence revealed abnormal prevalence of coronary artery (CA) disease in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The mechanistic connection between PH and CA disease is unclear. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ signaling have been implicated in both PH and CA disease. Our recent study indicates that NOXs (NADPH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate] oxidases) and TRPM2 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2) are key components of their interplay. We hypothesize that activation of the NOX-TRPM2 pathway facilitates the remodeling of CA in PH. METHODS Left and right CAs from chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline-induced PH rats were collected to study vascular reactivity, gene expression, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Inhibitors or specific siRNA were used to examine the pathological functions of NOX1/4-TRPM2 in CA smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Significant CA remodeling and 5-hydroxytryptamine hyperreactivity in the right CA were observed in PH rats. NOX1/4-mediated reactive oxygen species production coupled with TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx contributed to 5-hydroxytryptamine hyperresponsiveness. CA smooth muscle cells from chronic hypoxia-PH rats exhibited increased proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming in an NOX1/4-TRPM2-dependent manner. Furthermore, the NOX1/4-TRPM2 pathway participated in mitochondrial dysfunction, involving mitochondrial DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, and mitochondrial fission. In vivo knockdown of NOX1/4 alleviated PH and suppressed CA remodeling in chronic hypoxia rats. CONCLUSIONS PH triggers an increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine reactivity in the right CA and provokes metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial disruption in CA smooth muscle cells via NOX1/4-TRPM2 activation. This signaling pathway may play an important role in CA remodeling and CA disease in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chun Wu
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (J.-C.W.)
| | - Gui-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - James S K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.S.K.S.)
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Da-Cen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.-Z.H., G.-F.L., H.-B.L., S.-M.L., Y.-C.L., L.-X.G., M.-J.L., D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health (D.-C.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Akin EJ, Aoun J, Jimenez C, Mayne K, Baeck J, Young MD, Sullivan B, Sanders KM, Ward SM, Bulley S, Jaggar JH, Earley S, Greenwood IA, Leblanc N. ANO1, CaV1.2, and IP3R form a localized unit of EC-coupling in mouse pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213217. [PMID: 37702787 PMCID: PMC10499037 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial (PA) smooth muscle cells (PASMC) generate vascular tone in response to agonists coupled to Gq-protein receptor signaling. Such agonists stimulate oscillating calcium waves, the frequency of which drives the strength of contraction. These Ca2+ events are modulated by a variety of ion channels including voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV1.2), the Tmem16a or Anoctamin-1 (ANO1)-encoded calcium-activated chloride (CaCC) channel, and Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through inositol-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R). Although these calcium events have been characterized, it is unclear how these calcium oscillations underly a sustained contraction in these muscle cells. We used smooth muscle-specific ablation of ANO1 and pharmacological tools to establish the role of ANO1, CaV1.2, and IP3R in the contractile and intracellular Ca2+ signaling properties of mouse PA smooth muscle expressing the Ca2+ biosensor GCaMP3 or GCaMP6. Pharmacological block or genetic ablation of ANO1 or inhibition of CaV1.2 or IP3R, or Ca2+ store depletion equally inhibited 5-HT-induced tone and intracellular Ca2+ waves. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that an anti-ANO1 antibody was able to pull down both CaV1.2 and IP3R. Confocal and superresolution nanomicroscopy showed that ANO1 coassembles with both CaV1.2 and IP3R at or near the plasma membrane of PASMC from wild-type mice. We conclude that the stable 5-HT-induced PA contraction results from the integration of stochastic and localized Ca2+ events supported by a microenvironment comprising ANO1, CaV1.2, and IP3R. In this model, ANO1 and CaV1.2 would indirectly support cyclical Ca2+ release events from IP3R and propagation of intracellular Ca2+ waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Akin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Joydeep Aoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Connor Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Katie Mayne
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Julius Baeck
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Michael D. Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Brennan Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kenton M. Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Sean M. Ward
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Simon Bulley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Iain A. Greenwood
- Department of Vascular Pharmacology, Molecular and Clinical Science Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Normand Leblanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, Reno, NV, USA
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Roubenne L, Laisné M, Benoist D, Campagnac M, Prunet B, Pasdois P, Cardouat G, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Vacher P, Baudrimont I, Marthan R, Berger P, Le Grand B, Freund-Michel V, Guibert C. OP2113, a new drug for chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension treatment in rat. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2802-2821. [PMID: 37351910 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease characterised by an increase in pulmonary arterial (PA) resistance leading to right ventricular (RV) failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in PH. OP2113 is a drug with beneficial effects on cardiac injuries that targets mitochondrial ROS. The aim of the study was to address the in vivo therapeutic effect of OP2113 in PH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PH was induced by 3 weeks of chronic hypoxia (CH-PH) in rats treated with OP2113 or its vehicle via subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps. Haemodynamic parameters and both PA and heart remodelling were assessed. Reactivity was quantified in PA rings and in RV or left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocytes. Oxidative stress was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance and western blotting. Mitochondrial mass and respiration were measured by western blotting and oxygraphy, respectively. KEY RESULTS In CH-PH rats, OP2113 reduced the mean PA pressure, PA remodelling, PA hyperreactivity in response to 5-HT, the contraction slowdown in RV and LV and increased the mitochondrial mass in RV. Interestingly, OP2113 had no effect on haemodynamic parameters, both PA and RV wall thickness and PA reactivity, in control rats. Whereas oxidative stress was evidenced by an increase in protein carbonylation in CH-PH, this was not affected by OP2113. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provides evidence for a selective protective effect of OP2113 in vivo on alterations in both PA and RV from CH-PH rats without side effects in control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roubenne
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- OP2 Drugs SAS, Pessac, France
| | - Margaux Laisné
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Benoist
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Pasdois
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, IHU Liryc, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thomas Ducret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Vacher
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Roger Marthan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, INSERM, U 1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U 1045, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, INSERM, U 1045, Bordeaux, France
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MacLean MR, Fanburg B, Hill N, Lazarus HM, Pack TF, Palacios M, Penumatsa KC, Wring SA. Serotonin and Pulmonary Hypertension; Sex and Drugs and ROCK and Rho. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4103-4118. [PMID: 36036567 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is often referred to as a "happy hormone" as it maintains good mood, well-being, and happiness. It is involved in communication between nerve cells and plays a role in sleeping and digestion. However, too much serotonin can have pathogenic effects and serotonin synthesis is elevated in pulmonary artery endothelial cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is characterized by elevated pulmonary pressures, right ventricular failure, inflammation, and pulmonary vascular remodeling; serotonin has been shown to be associated with these pathologies. The rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin in the periphery of the body is tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1). TPH1 expression and serotonin synthesis are elevated in pulmonary artery endothelial cells in patients with PAH. The serotonin synthesized in the pulmonary arterial endothelium can act on the adjacent pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), adventitial macrophages, and fibroblasts, in a paracrine fashion. In humans, serotonin enters PASMCs cells via the serotonin transporter (SERT) and it can cooperate with the 5-HT1B receptor on the plasma membrane; this activates both contractile and proliferative signaling pathways. The "serotonin hypothesis of pulmonary hypertension" arose when serotonin was associated with PAH induced by diet pills such as fenfluramine, aminorex, and chlorphentermine; these act as indirect serotonergic agonists causing the release of serotonin from platelets and cells through the SERT. Here the role of serotonin in PAH is reviewed. Targeting serotonin synthesis or signaling is a promising novel alternative approach which may lead to novel therapies for PAH. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-16, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R MacLean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Barry Fanburg
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Hill
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Krishna C Penumatsa
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Pena E, El Alam S, Siques P, Brito J. Oxidative Stress and Diseases Associated with High-Altitude Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:267. [PMID: 35204150 PMCID: PMC8868315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases associated with high-altitude exposure affect unacclimated individuals. These diseases include acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), chronic mountain sickness (CMS), and, notably, high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), which can eventually lead to right ventricle hypertrophy and heart failure. The development of these pathologies involves different molecules and molecular pathways that might be related to oxidative stress. Studies have shown that acute, intermittent, and chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia induce oxidative stress, causing alterations to molecular pathways and cellular components (lipids, proteins, and DNA). Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the oxidative molecules and pathways involved in the development of high-altitude diseases. In summary, all high-altitude pathologies are related to oxidative stress, as indicated by increases in the malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarker and decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant activity. In addition, in CMS, the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and H2O2 are increased, and evidence strongly indicates an increase in Nox4 activity in HAPH. Therefore, antioxidant treatments seem to be a promising approach to mitigating high-altitude pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (E.P.); (P.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Samia El Alam
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (E.P.); (P.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (E.P.); (P.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (E.P.); (P.S.); (J.B.)
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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Jia Y, Yang B, Dong W, Liu Z, Lv Z, Jia Z, Qiu L, Wang L, Song L. A serotonin receptor (Cg5-HTR-1) mediating immune response in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:83-93. [PMID: 29305167 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin receptors, including ligand-gated ion channel (LGICs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), play vital roles in modulating physiological processes and immunoreaction. In the present study, a homologue of serotonin (5-HT) receptor was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated Cg5-HTR-1). Its open reading frame (ORF) was of 1239 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 412 amino acids with a seven transmembrane region. Cg5-HTR-1 shared high similarity with the 5-HTRs from other animals. The cAMP contents in HEK293T cells decreased significantly after Cg5-HTR-1 transfection and 5-HT incubation (p < .05), while blocking Cg5-HTR-1 with specific receptor antagonist reversed this downtrend. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations increased significantly (p < .05) after cell transfection and 5-HT incubation, and the antagonist treatment also arrested this process. Cg5-HTR-1 transcripts were widely distributed in various tissues, with the highest level in hepatopancreas and lowest level in mantle and gill. The mRNA expression of Cg5-HTR-1 in hemocyte increased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and reached the peak level (6.47-fold, p < .05) at 6 h post treatment. The inhibition of Cg5-HTR-1 significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA in hemocyte, down-regulated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum, and induced the apoptosis of hemocyte (p < .05). These results suggested that Cg5-HTR-1 was a novel member of 5-HT1 receptor family and it mediated serotonergic immunomodulation on both cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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8
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Cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects of tryptamine-4,5-dione on neuronal cells: a double-edged sword. Free Radic Res 2018; 51:545-553. [PMID: 28503967 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1331038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a putative substrate for myeloperoxidase, which may convert it into the reactive quinone tryptamine-4,5-dione (TD). In this study, we found that the viability of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with 25 μM TD was increased to approximately 117%. On the other hand, the cell viability was significantly decreased by exposure to TD (150-200 μM), with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 100 μM TD prevented cell death and suppressed intracellular ROS generation evoked by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Expression of the phase-II antioxidant enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and haem oxygenase 1 were upregulated by TD at a concentration of 50-100 μM. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the regulator of these enzyme, was translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus by 100 μM TD. In summary, moderate concentrations of TD may increase the self-defence capacity of neuronal cells against oxidative stress.
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García-de-la-Asunción J, Bruno L, Perez-Griera J, Galan G, Morcillo A, Wins R, García-Del-Olmo E, Guijarro R, Sarriá B, Martí F, Soro M, Belda FJ. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Decreases Oxidative Lung Damage After Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Single-Center Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:499-506. [PMID: 28504995 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During lobectomy in patients with lung cancer, the operated lung is often collapsed and hypoperfused. Ischemia/reperfusion injury may then occur when the lung is re-expanded. We hypothesized that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) would decrease oxidative lung damage and improve gas exchange in the postoperative period. METHODS We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind trial in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer undergoing elective lung lobectomy. Fifty-three patients were randomized to receive limb RIPC immediately after anesthesia induction (3 cycles: 5 minutes ischemia/5 minutes reperfusion induced by an ischemia cuff applied on the thigh) and/or control therapy without RIPC. Oxidative stress markers were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and arterial blood immediately after anesthesia induction and before RIPC and surgery (T0, baseline); during operated lung collapse, immediately before resuming two-lung ventilation (TLV) (T1); immediately after resuming TLV (T2); and 120 minutes after resuming TLV (T3). The primary outcome was 8-isoprostane levels in EBC at T1, T2, and T3. Secondary outcomes included the following: NO2+NO3, H2O2 levels, and pH in EBC and in blood (8-isoprostane, NO2+NO3) and pulmonary gas exchange variables (PaO2/FiO2, A-aDO2, a/A ratio, and respiratory index). RESULTS Patients subjected to RIPC had lower EBC 8-isoprostane levels when compared with controls at T1, T2, and T3 (differences between means and 95% confidence intervals): -15.3 (5.8-24.8), P = .002; -20.0 (5.5-34.5), P = .008; and -10.4 (2.5-18.3), P = .011, respectively. In the RIPC group, EBC NO2+NO3 and H2O2 levels were also lower than in controls at T2 and T1-T3, respectively (all P < .05). Blood levels of 8-isoprostane and NO2+NO3 were lower in the RIPC group at T2 (P < .05). The RIPC group had better PaO2/FiO2 compared with controls at 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours after lobectomy in 95% confidence intervals for differences between means: 78 (10-146), 66 (14-118), and 58 (12-104), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Limb RIPC decreased EBC 8-isoprostane levels and other oxidative lung injury markers during lung lobectomy. RIPC also improved postoperative gas exchange as measured by PaO2/FiO2 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-de-la-Asunción
- From the *Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), †Laboratory of Biochemistry, and ‡Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; §Department of Thoracic Surgery, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and ‖Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Hood KY, Mair KM, Harvey AP, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, MacLean MR. Serotonin Signaling Through the 5-HT 1B Receptor and NADPH Oxidase 1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1361-1370. [PMID: 28473438 PMCID: PMC5478178 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serotonin can induce human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (hPASMC) proliferation through reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesize that in PASMCs, serotonin induces oxidative stress through NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS generation and reduced Nrf-2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) antioxidant systems, promoting vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS HPASMCs from controls and PAH patients, and PASMCs from Nox1-/- mice, were stimulated with serotonin in the absence/presence of inhibitors of Src kinase, the 5-HT1B receptor, and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Markers of fibrosis were also determined. The pathophysiological significance of our findings was examined in vivo in serotonin transporter overexpressing female mice, a model of pulmonary hypertension. We confirmed thatserotonin increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in these cells. For the first time, we show that serotonin increased oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatases and hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin and decreased Nrf-2 and catalase activity in hPASMCs. ROS generation was exaggerated and dependent on cellular Src-related kinase, 5-HT1B receptor, and the serotonin transporter in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH subjects. Proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling were exaggerated in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH subjects and dependent on 5-HT1B receptor signaling and Nox1, confirmed in PASMCs from Nox1-/- mice. In serotonin transporter overexpressing mice, SB216641, a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, prevented development of pulmonary hypertension in a ROS-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin can induce cellular Src-related kinase-regulated Nox1-induced ROS and Nrf-2 dysregulation, contributing to increased post-translational oxidative modification of proteins and activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in hPASMCs, associated with mitogenic responses. 5-HT1B receptors contribute to experimental pulmonary hypertension by inducing lung ROS production. Our results suggest that 5-HT1B receptor-dependent cellular Src-related kinase-Nox1-pathways contribute to vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Y Hood
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty M Mair
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Harvey
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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11
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Dong W, Liu Z, Qiu L, Wang W, Song X, Wang X, Li Y, Xin L, Wang L, Song L. The modulation role of serotonin in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in response to air exposure. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:341-348. [PMID: 28159695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a critical neurotransmitter in the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network and involved in regulation of the stress response in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, serotonin was found to be widely distributed in the tissues of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, including haemolymph, gonad, visceral ganglion, mantle, gill, labial palps and hepatopancreas, and its concentration increased significantly in haemolymph and mantle after the oysters were exposed to air for 1 d. The apoptosis rate of haemocytes was significantly declined after the oysters received an injection of extra serotonin, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in haemolymph increased significantly. After the stimulation of serotonin during air exposure, the apoptosis rate of oyster haemocytes and the concentration of H2O2 in haemolymph were significantly decreased, while the SOD activity was significantly elevated. Furthermore, the survival rate of oysters from 4th to 6th d after injection of serotonin was higher than that of FSSW group and air exposure group. The results clearly indicated that serotonin could modulate apoptotic effect and redox during air exposure to protect oysters from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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12
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Genet N, Billaud M, Rossignol R, Dubois M, Gillibert-Duplantier J, Isakson BE, Marthan R, Savineau JP, Guibert C. Signaling Pathways Linked to Serotonin-Induced Superoxide Anion Production: A Physiological Role for Mitochondria in Pulmonary Arteries. Front Physiol 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 28232807 PMCID: PMC5298976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a potent vasoconstrictor agonist and contributes to several vascular diseases including systemic or pulmonary hypertension and atherosclerosis. Although superoxide anion (O2•_) is commonly associated to cellular damages due to O2•_ overproduction, we previously demonstrated that, in physiological conditions, O2•_ also participates to the 5-HT contraction in intrapulmonary arteries (IPA). Here, we focused on the signaling pathways leading to O2•_ production in response to 5-HT in rat IPA. Using electron paramagnetic resonance on rat IPA, we showed that 5-HT (100 μM)-induced O2•_ production was inhibited by ketanserin (1 μM—an inhibitor of the 5-HT2 receptor), absence of extracellular calcium, two blockers of voltage-independent calcium permeable channels (RHC80267 50 μM and LOE-908 10 μM) and a blocker of the mitochondrial complex I (rotenone—100 nM). Depletion of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or nicardipine (1 μM—an inhibitor of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel) had no effect on the 5-HT-induced O2•_ production. O2•_ levels were also increased by α-methyl-5-HT (10 μM—a 5-HT2 receptors agonist) whereas GR127935 (1 μM—an antagonist of the 5-HT1B/D receptor) and citalopram (1 μM—a 5-HT transporter inhibitor) had no effect on the 5-HT-induced O2•_ production. Peroxynitrites were increased in response to 5-HT (100 μM). In isolated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells loaded with rhod-2 or mitosox probes, we respectively showed that 5-HT increased both mitochondrial calcium and O2•_ levels, which were both abrogated in absence of extracellular calcium. Mitochondrial O2•_ levels were also abolished in the presence of rotenone (100 nM). In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells loaded with TMRM, we showed that 5-HT transiently depolarized the mitochondrial membrane whereas in the absence of extracellular calcium the mitochondrial membrane depolarisation was delayed and sustained in response to 5-HT. 5-HT decreased the mitochondrial respiratory rate measured with a Clark oxygen electrode. Altogether, in physiological conditions, 5-HT acts on 5-HT2 receptors and induces an O2•_ production dependent on extracellular calcium and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiisha Genet
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1045Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Marie Billaud
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Dubois
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1045Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Jennifer Gillibert-Duplantier
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1045Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roger Marthan
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1045Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Savineau
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1045Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Guibert
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1045Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
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13
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Adesina SE, Wade BE, Bijli KM, Kang BY, Williams CR, Ma J, Go YM, Hart CM, Sutliff RL. Hypoxia inhibits expression and function of mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 to promote pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L599-L608. [PMID: 28130258 PMCID: PMC5451594 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00258.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and increased pulmonary vascular pressures that often result in right ventricular dysfunction, leading to right heart failure. Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to PH pathogenesis by altering pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of mitochondrial antioxidants and oxidant-derived stress signaling in the development of hypoxia-induced PH is largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the role of the major mitochondrial redox regulator thioredoxin 2 (Trx2). Levels of Trx2 mRNA and protein were examined in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) and smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) exposed to hypoxia, a common stimulus for PH, for 72 h. Hypoxia decreased Trx2 mRNA and protein levels. In vitro overexpression of Trx2 reduced hypoxia-induced H2O2 production. The effects of increased Trx2 protein level were examined in transgenic mice expressing human Trx2 (TghTrx2) that were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for 3 wk. TghTrx2 mice exposed to hypoxia had exacerbated increases in right ventricular systolic pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increased ROS in the lung tissue. Trx2 overexpression did not attenuate hypoxia-induced increases in Trx2 oxidation or Nox4 expression. Expression of a dominant negative C93S Trx2 mutant that mimics Trx2 oxidation exacerbated hypoxia-induced increases in HPASMC H2O2 levels and cell proliferation. In conclusion, Trx2 overexpression failed to attenuate hypoxia-induced HPASMC proliferation in vitro or hypoxia-induced PH in vivo. These findings indicate that strategies to enhance Trx2 expression are unlikely to exert therapeutic effects in PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry E Adesina
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Brandy E Wade
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | | | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and .,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Aiello RJ, Bourassa PA, Zhang Q, Dubins J, Goldberg DR, De Lombaert S, Humbert M, Guignabert C, Cavasin MA, McKinsey TA, Paralkar V. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 Inhibition Impacts Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Two Rat Models of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:267-279. [PMID: 27927914 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease defined by a chronic elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling and perivascular inflammation characterized by an accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Although the exact etiology of the disease is unknown, clinical as well as preclinical data strongly implicate a role for serotonin (5-HT) in the process. Here, we investigated the chronic effects of pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in peripheral 5-HT biosynthesis, in two preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension (PH), the monocrotaline (MCT) rat and the semaxanib (SUGEN, Medinoah, Suzhou, China)-hypoxia rat. In both PH models, ethyl (S)-8-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(5-chloro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate and ethyl (S)-8-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(3',4'-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate, novel orally active TPH1 inhibitors with nanomolar in vitro potency, decreased serum, gut, and lung 5-HT levels in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vessel wall thickness and occlusion in male rats. In the MCT rat model, decreases in lung 5-HT significantly correlated with reductions in histamine levels and mast cell number (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.88). In contrast, neither ambrisentan nor tadalafil, which are vasodilators approved for the treatment of PAH, reduced mast cell number or 5-HT levels, nor were they as effective in treating the vascular remodeling as were the TPH1 inhibitors. When administered in combination with ambrisentan, the TPH1 inhibitors showed an additive effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling and pressures. These data demonstrate that in addition to reducing vascular remodeling, TPH1 inhibition has the added benefit of reducing the perivascular mast cell accumulation associated with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Aiello
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Patricia-Ann Bourassa
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Jeffrey Dubins
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Daniel R Goldberg
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Stéphane De Lombaert
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Maria A Cavasin
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
| | - Vishwas Paralkar
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut (R.J.A, P.-A.B, Q.Z, J.D., D.R.G., S.D.L., V.P.); INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (M.H., C.G.), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H., C.G.); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.); Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.A.C., T.A.M.)
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15
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García-de-la-Asunción J, García-del-Olmo E, Galan G, Guijarro R, Martí F, Badenes R, Perez-Griera J, Duca A, Delgado C, Carbonell J, Belda J. Glutathione oxidation correlates with one-lung ventilation time and PO2/FiO2 ratio during pulmonary lobectomy. Redox Rep 2016; 21:219-26. [PMID: 26795138 PMCID: PMC6837706 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During lung lobectomy, the operated lung completely collapses with simultaneous hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, followed by expansion and reperfusion. Here, we investigated glutathione oxidation and lipoperoxidation in patients undergoing lung lobectomy, during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and after resuming two-lung ventilation (TLV), and examined the relationship with OLV duration. METHODS We performed a single-centre, observational, prospective study in 32 patients undergoing lung lobectomy. Blood samples were collected at five time-points: T0, pre-operatively; T1, during OLV, 5 minutes before resuming TLV; and T2, T3, and T4, respectively, 5, 60, and 180 minutes after resuming TLV. Samples were tested for reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione redox potential, and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS GSSG and MDA blood levels increased at T1, and increased further at T2. OLV duration directly correlated with marker levels at T1 and T2. Blood levels of GSH and glutathione redox potential decreased at T1-T3. GSSG, oxidized glutathione/total glutathione ratio, and MDA levels were inversely correlated with arterial blood PO2/FiO2 at T1 and T2. DISCUSSION During lung lobectomy and OLV, glutathione oxidation, and lipoperoxidation marker blood levels increase, with further increases after resuming TLV. Oxidative stress degree was directly correlated with OLV duration, and inversely correlated with arterial blood PO2/FiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-de-la-Asunción
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
| | - Eva García-del-Olmo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | - Genaro Galan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martí
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
| | - Jaume Perez-Griera
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Duca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
| | - Carlos Delgado
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
| | - Jose Carbonell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
| | - Javier Belda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Spain
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Gao Y, Chen T, Raj JU. Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:451-60. [PMID: 26744837 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0323tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pulmonary vasculature, the endothelial and smooth muscle cells are two key cell types that play a major role in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. The normal interactions between these two cell types are important for the homeostasis of the pulmonary circulation, and any aberrant interaction between them may lead to various disease states including pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. It is well recognized that the endothelial cell can regulate the function of the underlying smooth muscle cell by releasing various bioactive agents such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1. In addition to such paracrine regulation, other mechanisms exist by which there is cross-talk between these two cell types, including communication via the myoendothelial injunctions and information transfer via extracellular vesicles. Emerging evidence suggests that these nonparacrine mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and the determination of cell phenotype and that they are critically involved in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Tianji Chen
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Usha Raj
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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LI RONGSHAN, WANG YONG, CHEN HUISHEN, JIANG FANGYONG, TU QIANG, LI WENJUN, YIN RUIXING. TMEM16A contributes to angiotensin II-induced cerebral vasoconstriction via the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3691-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kozhevnikova LM, Mironova GY, Sukhanova IF. The inhibitors of the 5HT-transporter fluoxetine and clomipramine attenuate serotonin-induced constriction of the aorta and the calcium signal in smooth muscle cells of the rat. BIOL BULL+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235901601009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Change in vascular smooth muscle response to 5-HT due to short- or long-term endothelial denudation of the bovine digital vein. Vet J 2016; 207:154-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Adesina SE, Kang BY, Bijli KM, Ma J, Cheng J, Murphy TC, Michael Hart C, Sutliff RL. Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to modulate hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:36-47. [PMID: 26073127 PMCID: PMC4615392 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular remodeling, resistance, and pressures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to PH-associated vascular dysfunction. NADPH oxidases (Nox) and mitochondria are major sources of superoxide (O(2)(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in pulmonary vascular cells. Hypoxia, a common stimulus of PH, increases Nox expression and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production. The interactions between these two sources of ROS generation continue to be defined. We hypothesized that mitochondria-derived O(2)(•-) (mtO(2)(•-)) and H(2)O(2) (mtH(2)O(2)) increase Nox expression to promote PH pathogenesis and that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants can reduce mtROS, Nox expression, and hypoxia-induced PH. Exposure of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hypoxia for 72 h increased mtO(2)(•-) and mtH(2)O(2). To assess the contribution of mtO(2)(•-) and mtH(2)O(2) to hypoxia-induced PH, mice that overexpress superoxide dismutase 2 (Tg(hSOD2)) or mitochondria-targeted catalase (MCAT) were exposed to normoxia (21% O(2)) or hypoxia (10% O(2)) for three weeks. Compared with hypoxic control mice, MCAT mice developed smaller hypoxia-induced increases in RVSP, α-SMA staining, extracellular H(2)O(2) (Amplex Red), Nox2 and Nox4 (qRT-PCR and Western blot), or cyclinD1 and PCNA (Western blot). In contrast, Tg(hSOD2) mice experienced exacerbated responses to hypoxia. These studies demonstrate that hypoxia increases mtO(2)(•-) and mtH(2)O(2). Targeting mtH(2)O(2) attenuates PH pathogenesis, whereas targeting mtO(2)(•-) exacerbates PH. These differences in PH pathogenesis were mirrored by RVSP, vessel muscularization, levels of Nox2 and Nox4, proliferation, and H(2)O(2) release. These studies suggest that targeted reductions in mtH(2)O(2) generation may be particularly effective in preventing hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry E Adesina
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Juan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
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Hu J, Xu Q, McTiernan C, Lai YC, Osei-Hwedieh D, Gladwin M. Novel Targets of Drug Treatment for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2015; 15:225-34. [PMID: 26016608 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-015-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical advances over the last decade have identified the central role of proliferative pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Furthermore, promoters of proliferation and apoptosis resistance in PASMCs and endothelial cells, such as aberrant signal pathways involving growth factors, G protein-coupled receptors, kinases, and microRNAs, have also been described. As a result of these discoveries, PH is currently divided into subgroups based on the underlying pathology, which allows focused and targeted treatment of the condition. The defining features of PH, which subsequently lead to vascular wall remodeling, are dysregulated proliferation of PASMCs, local inflammation, and apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells. Efforts to assess the relative contributions of these factors have generated several promising targets. This review discusses recent novel targets of therapies for PH that have been developed as a result of these advances, which are now in pre-clinical and clinical trials (e.g., imatinib [phase III]; nilotinib, AT-877ER, rituximab, tacrolimus, paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, bardoxolone methyl [phase II]; and sorafenib, FK506, aviptadil, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) [phase I]). While substantial progress has been made in recent years in targeting key molecular pathways, PH still remains without a cure, and these novel therapies provide an important conceptual framework of categorizing patients on the basis of molecular phenotype(s) for effective treatment of the disease.
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García-de-la-Asunción J, García-del-Olmo E, Perez-Griera J, Martí F, Galan G, Morcillo A, Wins R, Guijarro R, Arnau A, Sarriá B, García-Raimundo M, Belda J. Oxidative lung injury correlates with one-lung ventilation time during pulmonary lobectomy: a study of exhaled breath condensate and blood. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 48:e37-44. [PMID: 26088589 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During lung lobectomy, the operated lung is collapsed and hypoperfused; oxygen deprivation is accompanied by reactive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. After lung lobectomy, ischaemia present in the collapsed state is followed by expansion-reperfusion and lung injury attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the time course of several markers of oxidative stress simultaneously in exhaled breath condensate and blood and to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and one-lung ventilation time in patients undergoing lung lobectomy. METHODS This single-centre, observational, prospective study included 28 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent lung lobectomy. We measured the levels of hydrogen peroxide, 8-iso-PGF2α, nitrites plus nitrates and pH in exhaled breath condensate (n = 25). The levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and nitrites plus nitrates were also measured in blood (n = 28). Blood samples and exhaled breath condensate samples were collected from all patients at five time points: preoperatively; during one-lung ventilation, immediately before resuming two-lung ventilation; immediately after resuming two-lung ventilation; 60 min after resuming two-lung ventilation and 180 min after resuming two-lung ventilation. RESULTS Both exhaled breath condensate and blood exhibited significant and simultaneous increases in oxidative-stress markers immediately before two-lung ventilation was resumed. However, all these values underwent larger increases immediately after resuming two-lung ventilation. In both exhaled breath condensate and blood, marker levels significantly and directly correlated with the duration of one-lung ventilation immediately before resuming two-lung ventilation and immediately after resuming two-lung ventilation. Although pH significantly decreased in exhaled breath condensate immediately after resuming two-lung ventilation, these pH values were inversely correlated with the duration of one-lung ventilation. CONCLUSIONS During lung lobectomy, the operated lung is collapsed and oxidative injury occurs, with the levels of markers of oxidative stress increasing simultaneously in exhaled breath condensate and blood during one-lung ventilation. These increases were larger after resuming two-lung ventilation. Increases immediately before resuming two-lung ventilation and immediately after resuming two-lung ventilation were directly correlated with the duration of one-lung ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-de-la-Asunción
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva García-del-Olmo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaume Perez-Griera
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martí
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Genaro Galan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Morcillo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Richard Wins
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Arnau
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benjamín Sarriá
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Raimundo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Belda
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
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Imbalance between pro and anti-oxidant mechanisms in perivascular adipose tissue aggravates long-term high-fat diet-derived endothelial dysfunction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95312. [PMID: 24760053 PMCID: PMC3997398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothesis of this study is that long-term high-fat diets (HFD) induce perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction characterized by a redox imbalance, which might contribute to aggravate endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice were fed either control or HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 32 weeks. Body weight, lumbar and mesenteric adipose tissue weights were significantly higher in HFD animals compared to controls. The anticontractile effect of PVAT in mesenteric arteries (MA) was lost after 32 week HFD and mesenteric endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly impaired in presence of PVAT in HFD mice (Emax = 71.0±5.1 vs Emax = 58.5±4.2, p<0.001). The inhibitory effect of L-NAME on Ach-induced relaxation was less intense in the HFD group compared with controls suggesting a reduction of endothelial NO availability. Expression of eNOS and NO bioavailability were reduced in MA and almost undetectable in mesenteric PVAT of the HFD group. Superoxide levels and NOX activity were higher in PVAT of HFD mice. Apocynin only reduced contractile responses to NA in HFD animals. Expression of ec-SOD and total SOD activity were significantly reduced in PVAT of HFD mice. No changes were observed in Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD or catalase. The ratio [GSSG]/([GSH]+[GSSG]) was 2-fold higher in the mesenteric PVAT from HFD animals compared to controls. Conclusions We suggest that the imbalance between pro-oxidant (NOX, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide) and anti-oxidant (eNOS, NO, ecSOD, GSSG) mechanisms in PVAT after long-term HFD might contribute to the aggravation of endothelial dysfunction.
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24
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Dempsie Y, Maclean MR. Role of the serotonin transporter in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 1:749-57. [PMID: 24410605 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.1.6.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease in which pulmonary arterial pressure is raised, leading to right heart failure. Survival is poor despite current therapeutic strategies. The 'serotonin hypothesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension' arose in the 1960s following an 'epidemic' of pulmonary arterial hypertension in women taking the indirect serotinergic agonist aminorex as an anorexigen. In the 1980s, the hypothesis was revisited following the occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with the use of fenfluramines as anorexigens; these are also indirect serotinergic agents. Research has identified changes in serotonin synthesis, serotonin receptor activation and serotonin uptake via the serotonin transporter in experimental and clinical pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review will discuss our current understanding of this serotonin hypothesis with particular reference to the role of the serotonin transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Dempsie
- Integrative and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Abstract
Genetically modified mouse models have unparalleled power to determine the mechanisms behind different processes involved in the molecular and physiologic etiology of various classes of human pulmonary hypertension (PH). Processes known to be involved in PH for which there are extensive mouse models available include the following: (1) Regulation of vascular tone through secreted vasoactive factors; (2) regulation of vascular tone through potassium and calcium channels; (3) regulation of vascular remodeling through alteration in metabolic processes, either through alteration in substrate usage or through circulating factors; (4) spontaneous vascular remodeling either before or after development of elevated pulmonary pressures; and (5) models in which changes in tone and remodeling are primarily driven by inflammation. PH development in mice is of necessity faster and with different physiologic ramifications than found in human disease, and so mice make poor models of natural history of PH. However, transgenic mouse models are a perfect tool for studying the processes involved in pulmonary vascular function and disease, and can effectively be used to test interventions designed against particular molecular pathways and processes involved in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Sumler ML, Andritsos MJ, Blank RS. Anesthetic management of the patient with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing pulmonary resection surgery: a case-based discussion. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 17:9-27. [PMID: 22892328 DOI: 10.1177/1089253212453620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are complex and profound. General anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and positive-pressure ventilation all impose physiological effects on cardiovascular function. In patients presenting for pulmonary resection, additional effects resulting from positioning, 1-lung ventilation, surgical procedures, and contraction of the pulmonary vascular bed may impose an additional physiological burden. For most patients with adequate pulmonary and cardiovascular reserve, these effects are well tolerated. However, the cardiothoracic anesthesiologist may be asked to provide anesthetic care for patients with significantly reduced cardiac function who require potentially curative pulmonary resection for lung cancer. These patients present a major perioperative challenge and a thoughtful approach to intraoperative management is required. The authors review a case of a patient with severely impaired biventricular function who presented for elective pulmonary lobectomy in an attempt to effect a curative resection of lung cancer and present a discussion of physiological and pathophysiological considerations for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Sumler
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Chen X, Liu H, Pan Z, Miao Q, Zhang Y. The inhibitory effects of m-nisoldipine on the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via Ca2+ antagonism and antioxidant mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 686:32-40. [PMID: 22575515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a critical role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Recent studies indicate that Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species are critically involved in the process of smooth muscle cell proliferation stimulated by mitogens, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Because m-nisoldipine, a Ca(2+) channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class, possesses some calcium antagonistic and antioxidant properties, we investigated the effect of m-nisoldipine on PASMC proliferation. The results indicated that m-nisoldipine inhibited 5-HT-induced PASMC proliferation, evaluated by BrdU incorporation and the MTT assay, and this effect was associated with a decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Flow cytometry analysis showed that m-nisoldipine blocked 5-HT-induced cell-cycle progression by arresting the cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Next, the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of [Ca(2+)](i) in PASMCs were measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy; m-nisoldipine pretreatment attenuated the [Ca(2+)](i) elevation and the production of reactive oxygen species induced by 5-HT. In addition, m-nisoldipine significantly decreased the 5-HT-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the subsequent c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression. Meanwhile, results also showed that N-acetylcysteine (a reactive oxygen species scavenger) suppressed the proliferation and the ERK1/2 and JNK activation induced by 5-HT. In summary, this study demonstrated that m-nisoldipine effectively suppressed the 5-HT-induced PASMC proliferation, ERK1/2 and JNK activation and subsequent c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression, all of which might be associated with the Ca(2+) antagonistic and antioxidant properties of m-nisoldipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China
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Han DD, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Liu JR, Wang HL. Fluoxetine protects against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling by inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:445-54. [PMID: 22448962 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine has been shown to protect against monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. To investigate the possible role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mediating this protective effect, MCT-treated rats were administered fluoxetine by gavage, at doses of 2 mg/kg body mass or 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 weeks. Changes in pulmonary hemodynamic parameters, pulmonary artery morphologies, and expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were assessed. Fluoxetine at the 10 mg/kg dose, but not at the 2 mg/kg dose, attenuated the effects of MCT on pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricle index, and medial wall thickness. In addition, 10 mg/kg fluoxetine mitigated the MCT-induced up-regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF protein and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lungs. This dosage also decreased pERK1/2 levels and inhibited proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in MCT-treated rats. In conclusion, fluoxetine can protect against MCT-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling, which linked to reduced ROS generation and decreased HIF-1α and VEGF protein levels via the ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
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The Serotonin Hypothesis of Pulmonary Hypertension Revisited. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 661:309-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-500-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Resta TC, Broughton BRS, Jernigan NL. Reactive oxygen species and RhoA signaling in vascular smooth muscle: role in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 661:355-73. [PMID: 20204742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-500-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increases in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity resulting from stimulation of RhoA and Rho kinase represent a primary mechanism of vasoconstriction and associated pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic hypoxia (CH). This chapter summarizes recent advances in the understanding of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling mechanisms in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle (VSM) that increase the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+ and contribute to vasoconstriction in this setting. Such advances include the discovery of myogenic tone in small pulmonary arteries from CH rats that contributes to vasoconstriction through a mechanism inherent to the VSM, dependent on Rho kinase-induced Ca2+ sensitization but independent of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Additional studies have revealed an important contribution of superoxide anion (O2-)-induced RhoA activation to both receptor-mediated and membrane depolarization-induced myofilament Ca2+ sensitization in hypertensive pulmonary arteries. Xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase isoforms are potential sources of O2- that mediate RhoA-dependent vasoconstriction and associated pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Billaud M, Marthan R, Savineau JP, Guibert C. Vascular smooth muscle modulates endothelial control of vasoreactivity via reactive oxygen species production through myoendothelial communications. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6432. [PMID: 19649279 PMCID: PMC2713830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial control of vascular smooth muscle plays a major role in the resulting vasoreactivity implicated in physiological or pathological circulatory processes. However, a comprehensive understanding of endothelial (EC)/smooth muscle cells (SMC) crosstalk is far from complete. Here, we have examined the role of gap junctions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this crosstalk and we demonstrate an active contribution of SMC to endothelial control of vasomotor tone. Methodology/Principal Findings In small intrapulmonary arteries, quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot analyses and immunofluorescent labeling evidenced connexin (Cx) 37, 40 and 43 in EC and/or SMC. Functional experiments showed that the Cx-mimetic peptide targeted against Cx 37 and Cx 43 (37,43Gap27) (1) reduced contractile and calcium responses to serotonin (5-HT) simultaneously recorded in pulmonary arteries and (2) abolished the diffusion in SMC of carboxyfluorescein-AM loaded in EC. Similarly, contractile and calcium responses to 5-HT were decreased by superoxide dismutase and catalase which, catabolise superoxide anion and H2O2, respectively. Both Cx- and ROS-mediated effects on the responses to 5-HT were reversed by L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor or endothelium removal. Electronic paramagnetic resonance directly demonstrated that 5-HT-induced superoxide anion production originated from the SMC. Finally, whereas 5-HT increased NO production, it also decreased cyclic GMP content in isolated intact arteries. Conclusions/Significance These data demonstrate that agonist-induced ROS production in SMC targeting EC via myoendothelial gap junctions reduces endothelial NO-dependent control of pulmonary vasoreactivity. Such SMC modulation of endothelial control may represent a signaling pathway controlling vasoreactivity under not only physiological but also pathological conditions that often implicate excessive ROS production.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium/metabolism
- Connexins/chemistry
- Connexins/metabolism
- DNA Primers
- Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Serotonin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Billaud
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Savineau
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Guibert
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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Dempsie Y, MacLean MR. Pulmonary hypertension: therapeutic targets within the serotonin system. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:455-62. [PMID: 18536742 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a sustained and progressive elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodelling leading to right heart failure and death. Prognosis is poor and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. The serotonin hypothesis of PAH originated in the 1960s after an outbreak of the disease was reported among patients taking the anorexigenic drugs aminorex and fenfluramine. These are indirect serotonergic agonists and serotonin transporter substrates. Since then many advances have been made in our understanding of the role of serotonin in the pathobiology of PAH. The rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin is tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph). Serotonin is synthesized, through Tph1, in the endothelial cells of the pulmonary artery and can then act on underlying pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion causing constriction and remodelling. These effects of serotonin can be mediated through both the serotonin transporter and serotonin receptors. This review will discuss our current understanding of 'the serotonin hypothesis' of PAH and highlight possible therapeutic targets within the serotonin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dempsie
- Division of Neuroscience and Biomedical Systems, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Just A, Whitten CL, Arendshorst WJ. Reactive oxygen species participate in acute renal vasoconstrictor responses induced by ETAand ETBreceptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294:F719-28. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00506.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in renal vasoconstrictor responses to acute and chronic stimulation by angiotensin II and norepinephrine, as well as in long-term effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Little is known about participation of ROS in acute vasoconstriction produced by ET-1. We tested the influence of NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition by apocynin [4 mg·kg−1·min−1, infused into the renal artery (ira)] on ETAand ETBreceptor signaling in the renal microcirculation. Both receptors were stimulated by ET-1, ETAreceptors by ET-1 during ETBantagonist BQ-788, and ETBby ETBagonist sarafotoxin 6C. ET-1 (1.5 pmol injected ira) reduced renal blood flow (RBF) 17 ± 4%. Apocynin raised baseline RBF (+10 ± 1%, P < 0.001) and attenuated the ET-1 response to 10 ± 2%, i.e., 35 ± 9% inhibition ( P < 0.05). Apocynin reduced ETA-induced vasoconstriction by 42 ± 12% ( P < 0.05) and that of ETBstimulation by 50 ± 8% ( P < 0.001). During nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition ( Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester), apocynin blunted ETA-mediated vasoconstriction by 60 ± 8% ( P < 0.01), whereas its effect on the ETBresponse (by 87 ± 8%, P < 0.001) was even larger without than with NO present ( P < 0.05). The cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol (5 mg·kg−1·min−1ira), which reduces O2−and may elevate H2O2, attenuated ET-1 responses similar to apocynin (by 38 ± 6%, P < 0.01). We conclude that ROS, O2−rather than H2O2, contribute substantially to acute renal vasoconstriction elicited by both ETAand ETBreceptors and to basal renal vasomotor tone in vivo. This physiological constrictor action of ROS does not depend on scavenging of NO. In contrast, scavenging of O2−by NO seems to be more important during ETBstimulation.
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Kamezaki F, Tasaki H, Yamashita K, Tsutsui M, Koide S, Nakata S, Tanimoto A, Okazaki M, Sasaguri Y, Adachi T, Otsuji Y. Gene Transfer of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:219-26. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200702-264oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Xu M, Platoshyn O, Makino A, Dillmann WH, Akassoglou K, Remillard CV, Yuan JXJ. Characterization of agonist-induced vasoconstriction in mouse pulmonary artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 294:H220-8. [PMID: 17982012 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00968.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, transgenic mouse models have been developed to examine the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung disease and pulmonary vascular disease, such as asthma, pulmonary thromboembolic disease, and pulmonary hypertension. However, there has not been systematic characterization of the basic physiological pulmonary vascular reactivity in normal and transgenic mice. This represents an intellectual "gap", since it is important to characterize basic murine pulmonary vascular reactivity in response to various contractile and relaxant factors to which the pulmonary vasculature is exposed under physiological conditions. The present study evaluates excitation- and pharmacomechanical-contraction coupling in pulmonary arteries (PA) isolated from wild-type BALB/c mice. We demonstrate that both pharmaco- and electromechanical coupling mechanisms exist in mice PA. These arteries are also reactive to stimulation by alpha(1)-adrenergic agonists, serotonin, endothelin-1, vasopressin, and U-46619 (a thromboxane A(2) analog). We conclude that the basic vascular responsiveness of mouse PA is similar to those observed in PA of other species, including rat, pig, and human, albeit on a different scale and to varying amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
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Lin MJ, Yang XR, Cao YN, Sham JSK. Hydrogen peroxide-induced Ca2+ mobilization in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 292:L1598-608. [PMID: 17369291 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00323.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria have been implicated as key messengers for pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling induced by agonists and hypoxia. Since Ca2+ mobilization is essential for vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, we sought to characterize the Ca2+ response and to delineate the Ca2+ pathways activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rat intralobar pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Exogenous application of 10 μM to 1 mM H2O2 elicited concentration-dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in PASMCs, with an initial rise followed by a plateau or slow secondary increase. The initial phase was related to intracellular release. It was attenuated by the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonist 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate, ryanodine, or thapsigargin, but was unaffected by the removal of Ca2+ in external solution. The secondary phase was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx. It was unaffected by the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine or the nonselective cation channel blockers SKF-96365 and La3+, but inhibited concentration dependently by millimolar Ni2+, and potentiated by the Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor KB-R 7943. H2O2 did not alter the rate of Mn2+ quenching of fura 2, suggesting store- and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels were not involved. By contrast, H2O2 elicited a sustained inward current carried by Na+ at −70 mV, and the current was inhibited by Ni2+. These results suggest that H2O2 mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ through multiple pathways, including the IP3- and ryanodine receptor-gated Ca2+ stores, and Ni2+-sensitive cation channels. Activation of these Ca2+ pathways may play important roles in ROS signaling in PASMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Fura-2
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Manganese/pharmacokinetics
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Oxidants/pharmacology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Sodium/metabolism
- Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jun Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Bedard K, Krause KH. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:245-313. [PMID: 17237347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4860] [Impact Index Per Article: 285.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91(phox)), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation mechanisms and tissue distribution of the different members of the family are markedly different. The physiological functions of NOX family enzymes include host defense, posttranlational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. NOX enzymes also contribute to a wide range of pathological processes. NOX deficiency may lead to immunosuppresion, lack of otoconogenesis, or hypothyroidism. Increased NOX activity also contributes to a large number or pathologies, in particular cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bedard
- Biology of Ageing Laboratories, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kitayama J, Yi C, Faraci FM, Heistad DD. Modulation of Dilator Responses of Cerebral Arterioles by Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase. Stroke 2006; 37:2802-6. [PMID: 17008608 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000245134.12145.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) is highly expressed in the wall of blood vessels and plays an important role in modulation of vascular function in extracranial arteries. Expression of ECSOD appears to affect cerebral vascular responses during disease states. Effects of ECSOD on dilator function in cerebral arterioles, however, have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined effects of ECSOD deficiency on cerebrovascular reactivity under control conditions and during oxidative stress.
Methods—
Dilator responses of cerebral arterioles were examined in cranial windows in vivo in anesthetized ECSOD-deficient (−/−) and wild-type (+/+) mice under normal conditions and during oxidative stress induced by angiotensin II.
Results—
Total SOD activity in the aorta in ECSOD−/− mice (176±24 [mean±SEM] U/mg) was approximately 30% lower than in ECSOD+/+ mice (270±38,
P
=0.051). Dilator responses to acetylcholine (10 μmol/L) in cerebral arterioles were similar under control conditions in ECSOD+/+ (34±5% changes in diameter) and −/− mice (32±4%). Angiotensin II (500 nmol/L for 30 minutes) tended to reduce responses to acetylcholine in ECSOD+/+ mice (not significant) and significantly impaired responses in ECSOD−/− mice (42% reduction,
P
<0.05). Tempol (1 mmol/L), a scavenger of superoxide, restored the impaired dilator responses in ECSOD−/− mice. Responses to nitroprusside in cerebral arterioles were similar in ECSOD+/+ and −/− mice and were not affected by angiotensin II nor by tempol.
Conclusions—
ECSOD deficiency has little effect on cerebrovascular reactivity in control conditions but plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone during oxidative stress produced by angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kitayama
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1081, USA
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Zhang G, Zhang F, Muh R, Yi F, Chalupsky K, Cai H, Li PL. Autocrine/paracrine pattern of superoxide production through NAD(P)H oxidase in coronary arterial myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 292:H483-95. [PMID: 16963617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00632.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that membrane-bound NAD(P)H oxidase in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) is capable of producing superoxide (O(2)(*-)) toward extracellular space to exert an autocrine- or paracrine-like action in these cells. Using a high-speed wavelength-switching fluorescent microscopic imaging technique, we simultaneously monitored the binding of dihydroethidium-oxidizing product to exogenous salmon testes DNA trapped outside CAMs and to nuclear DNA as indicators of extra- and intracellular O(2)(*-) production. It was found that a muscarinic agonist oxotremorine (OXO; 80 microM) increased O(2)(*-) levels more rapidly outside than inside CAMs. In the presence of superoxide dismutase (500 U/ml) plus catalase (400 U/ml) and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (50 microM) or apocynin (100 microM), these increases in extra- and intracellular O(2)(*-) levels were substantially abolished or attenuated. The O(2)(*-) increase outside CAMs was also confirmed by detecting oxidation of nitro blue tetrazolium and confocal microscopic localization of Matrigel-trapped OxyBURST H(2)HFF Green BSA staining around these cells. By electron spin resonance spectrometry, the extracellular accumulation of O(2)(*-) was demonstrated as a superoxide dismutase-sensitive component outside CAMs. Furthermore, RNA interference of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits Nox1 or p47 markedly blocked OXO-induced increases in both extra- and intracellular O(2)(*-) levels, whereas small inhibitory RNA of Nox4 only attenuated intracellular O(2)(*-) accumulation. These results suggest that Nox1 represents a major NAD(P)H oxidase isoform responsible for extracellular O(2)(*-) production. This rapid extracellular production of O(2)(*-) seems to be unique to OXO-induced M(1)-receptor activation, since ANG II-induced intra- and extracellular O(2)(*-) increases in parallel. It is concluded that the outward production of O(2)(*-) via NAD(P)H oxidase in CAMs may represent an important producing pattern for its autocrine or paracrine actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhang
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, 410 North 12th St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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40
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Liu JQ, Yang D, Folz RJ. A novel bronchial ring bioassay for the evaluation of small airway smooth muscle function in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L281-8. [PMID: 16648239 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of murine airway physiology have been hindered by the lack of suitable, ex vivo, small airway bioassay systems. In this study, we introduce a novel small murine airway bioassay system that permits the physiological and pharmacological study of intrapulmonary bronchial smooth muscle via a bronchial ring (BR) preparation utilizing BR segments as small as 200 microm in diameter. Using this ex vivo BR bioassay, we characterized small airway smooth muscle contraction and relaxation in the presence and absence of bronchial epithelium. In control BRs, the application of mechanical stretch is followed by spontaneous bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. BRs pretreated with methacholine (MCh) partially attenuate this stretch-induced relaxation by as much as 42% compared with control. MCh elicited a dose-dependent bronchial constriction with a maximal tension (E(max)) of 8.7 +/- 0.2 mN at an EC(50) of 0.33 +/- 0.02 microM. In the presence of nifedipine, ryanodine, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, and SKF-96365, E(max) to MCh was significantly reduced. In epithelium-denuded BRs, MCh-induced contraction was significantly enhanced to 11.4 +/- 1.0 mN with an EC(50) of 0.16 +/- 0.04 microM (P < 0.01). Substance P relaxed MCh-precontracted BR by 62.1%; however, this bronchial relaxation effect was completely lost in epithelium-denuded BRs. Papaverine virtually abolished MCh-induced constriction in both epithelium-intact and epithelium-denuded bronchial smooth muscle. In conclusion, this study introduces a novel murine small airway BR bioassay that allows for the physiological study of smooth muscle airway contractile responses that may aid in our understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Q Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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41
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Perez JF, Sanderson MJ. The contraction of smooth muscle cells of intrapulmonary arterioles is determined by the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations induced by 5-HT and KCl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 125:555-67. [PMID: 15928402 PMCID: PMC2234075 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200409217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased resistance of the small blood vessels within the lungs is associated with pulmonary hypertension and results from a decrease in size induced by the contraction of their smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To study the mechanisms that regulate the contraction of intrapulmonary arteriole SMCs, the contractile and Ca(2+) responses of the arteriole SMCs to 5-hydroxytrypamine (5-HT) and KCl were observed with phase-contrast and scanning confocal microscopy in thin lung slices cut from mouse lungs stiffened with agarose and gelatin. 5-HT induced a concentration-dependent contraction of the arterioles. Increasing concentrations of extracellular KCl induced transient contractions in the SMCs and a reduction in the arteriole luminal size. 5-HT induced oscillations in [Ca(2+)](i) within the SMCs, and the frequency of these Ca(2+) oscillations was dependent on the agonist concentration and correlated with the extent of sustained arteriole contraction. By contrast, KCl induced Ca(2+) oscillations that occurred with low frequencies and were preceded by small, localized transient Ca(2+) events. The 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) oscillations and contractions occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) and were resistant to Ni(2+) and nifedipine but were abolished by caffeine. KCl-induced Ca(2+) oscillations and contractions were abolished by the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) and the presence of Ni(2+), nifedipine, and caffeine. Arteriole contraction was induced or abolished by a 5-HT(2)-specific agonist or antagonist, respectively. These results indicate that 5-HT, acting via 5-HT(2) receptors, induces arteriole contraction by initiating Ca(2+) oscillations and that KCl induces contraction via Ca(2+) transients resulting from the overfilling of internal Ca(2+) stores. We hypothesize that the magnitude of the sustained intrapulmonary SMC contraction is determined by the frequency of Ca(2+) oscillations and also by the relaxation rate of the SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Perez
- Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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43
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Liu JQ, Zelko IN, Erbynn EM, Sham JSK, Folz RJ. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: role of superoxide and NADPH oxidase (gp91phox). Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 290:L2-10. [PMID: 16085672 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00135.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to low-O2 tension induces pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is characterized by vascular remodeling and enhanced vasoreactivity. Recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in both processes. In this study, we critically examine the role superoxide and NADPH oxidase plays in the development of chronic hypoxic PAH. Chronic hypoxia (CH; 10% O2 for 3 wk) caused a significant increase in superoxide production in intrapulmonary arteries (IPA) of wild-type (WT) mice as measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. The CH-induced increase in the generation of ROS was obliterated in NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) knockout (KO) mice, suggesting that NADPH oxidase was the major source of ROS. Importantly, pathological changes associated with CH-induced PAH (mean right ventricular pressure, medial wall thickening of small pulmonary arteries, and right heart hypertrophy) were completely abolished in NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) KO mice. CH potentiated vasoconstrictor responses of isolated IPAs to both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the thromboxane mimetic U-46619. Administration of CuZn superoxide dismutase to isolated IPA significantly reduced CH-enhanced superoxide levels and reduced the CH-enhanced vasoconstriction to 5-HT and U-46619. Additionally, CH-enhanced superoxide production and vasoconstrictor activity seen in WT IPAs were markedly reduced in IPAs isolated from NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) KO mice. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for gp91phox-dependent superoxide production in the pathogenesis of CH-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Q Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, MSRB 341, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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44
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Lawrie A, Spiekerkoetter E, Martinez EC, Ambartsumian N, Sheward WJ, MacLean MR, Harmar AJ, Schmidt AM, Lukanidin E, Rabinovitch M. Interdependent Serotonin Transporter and Receptor Pathways Regulate S100A4/Mts1, a Gene Associated With Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Circ Res 2005; 97:227-35. [PMID: 16002749 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000176025.57706.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heightened expression of the S100 calcium–binding protein, S100A4/Mts1, is observed in pulmonary vascular disease. Loss of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptors or of the serotonin transporter (SERT) attenuates pulmonary hypertension in animals, and polymorphisms causing gain of SERT function are linked to clinical pulmonary vascular disease. Because 5-HT induces release of S100β, we investigated the codependence of 5-HT receptors and SERT in regulating S100A4/Mts1 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPA-SMC). 5-HT elevated S100A4/Mts1 mRNA levels and increased S100A4/Mts1 protein in hPA-SMC lysates and culture media. S100A4/Mts1 in the culture media stimulated proliferation and migration of hPA-SMC in a manner dependent on the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Treatment with SB224289 (selective antagonist of 5-HT
1B
), fluoxetine (SERT inhibitor), SERT RNA-interference, and iproniazid (monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor), blocked 5-HT–induced S100A4/Mts1. 5-HT signaling mediated phosphorylation (p) of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), but pERK1/2 nuclear translocation depended on SERT, monoamine oxidase activity, and reactive oxygen species. Nuclear translocation of pERK1/2 was required for pGATA-4–mediated transcription of S100A4/Mts1. These data provide evidence for a mechanistic link between the 5-HT pathway and S100A4/Mts1 in pulmonary hypertension and explain how the 5-HT
1B
receptor and SERT are codependent in regulating S100A4/Mts1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Lawrie
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR Rm 2245B, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 93405-5162, USA
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45
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Khoo JP, Zhao L, Alp NJ, Bendall JK, Nicoli T, Rockett K, Wilkins MR, Channon KM. Pivotal role for endothelial tetrahydrobiopterin in pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2005; 111:2126-33. [PMID: 15824200 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000162470.26840.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal disease characterized by vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Loss of endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability is implicated in pulmonary hypertension pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an important regulator of nitric oxide synthase enzymatic function. METHODS AND RESULTS In the hph-1 mouse with deficient BH4 biosynthesis, BH4 deficiency caused pulmonary hypertension, even in normoxic conditions, and greatly increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. In contrast, augmented BH4 synthesis in the endothelium, by targeted transgenic overexpression of GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GCH), prevented hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, specific augmentation of endothelial BH4 in hph-1 mice by crossing with GCH transgenic mice rescued pulmonary hypertension induced by systemic BH4 deficiency. Lung BH4 availability controlled pulmonary vascular tone, right ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular structural remodeling in a dose-dependent manner in both normoxia and hypoxia. Furthermore, BH4 availability had striking effects on the immediate vasoconstriction response to acute hypoxia. These effects of BH4 were mediated through the regulation of nitric oxide compared with superoxide synthesis by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial BH4 availability is essential for maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis, is a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and is a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Khoo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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46
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Djordjevic T, BelAiba RS, Bonello S, Pfeilschifter J, Hess J, Görlach A. Human Urotensin II Is a Novel Activator of NADPH Oxidase in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:519-25. [PMID: 15618545 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000154279.98244.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human urotensin II (hU-II) is a potent vasoactive peptide possibly involved in pulmonary hypertension. Because the signaling mechanisms activated by this peptide in the pulmonary vasculature are largely unknown, we investigated the role of hU-II in the activation of NADPH oxidase and the control of redox-sensitive kinase pathways, expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS hU-II upregulated expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and NOX4 and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were abrogated by transfecting p22phox or NOX4 antisense vectors. p22phox and NOX4 also contributed to hU-II-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and protein kinase B (Akt). Furthermore, hU-II increased the expression of PAI-1 and enhanced PASMC proliferation in an NADPH oxidase- and kinase-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS hU-II is a potent activator of ROS generation by NADPH oxidase in PASMCs, leading to redox-sensitive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt and subsequently to enhanced PAI-1 expression and increased proliferation. These findings suggest that hU-II may play a novel role in pulmonary hypertension by promoting remodeling processes via activation of NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talija Djordjevic
- Experimental Pediatric Cardiology, Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Banes AKL, Shaw SM, Tawfik A, Patel BP, Ogbi S, Fulton D, Marrero MB. Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in vascular smooth muscle by serotonin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 288:C805-12. [PMID: 15601754 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00385.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a vasoconstrictor and mitogen whose levels are elevated in diabetes. Previous studies have shown the presence of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT1B receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). There are currently no data regarding 5-HT2B and 5-HT1B receptor activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in VSMCs and resultant potential alterations in 5-HT signaling in diabetes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT differentially activates the JAK/STAT pathway in VSMCs under conditions of normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose. Treatment of rat VSMCs with 5-HT (10(-6) M) resulted in time-dependent activation ( approximately 2-fold) of JAK2, JAK1, and STAT1, but not STAT3 (maximal at 5 min, returned to baseline by 30 min). The 5-HT2B receptor agonist BW723C86 and the 5-HT1B receptor agonist CGS12066A (10(-9)-10(-5) M, 5-min stimulation) did not activate the JAK/STAT pathway. Treatment with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (10 nM) inhibited JAK2 activation by 5-HT. Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with ketanserin (5 mg.kg-1.day-1) reduced activation of JAK2 and STAT1 but not STAT3 in endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta in vivo. 5-HT (10(-6) M) treatment resulted in increased cell proliferation and increased DNA synthesis, which were inhibited by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. Further studies with apocynin, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, catalase, and virally transfected superoxide dismutase had no effect at either glucose concentration on activation of the JAK/STAT pathway by 5-HT. Therefore, we conclude that 5-HT activates JAK2, JAK1, and STAT1 via the 5-HT2A receptors in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner under both normal and high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K L Banes
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, CB-3301, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
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