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Li S, Huff RD, Rider CF, Yuen ACY, Carlsten C. Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust or particle-depleted diesel exhaust with allergen modulates transcriptomic responses in the lung. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173688. [PMID: 38851342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The evidence associating traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with allergic asthma is growing, but the underlying mechanisms for this association remain unclear. The airway epithelium is the primary tissue exposed to TRAP, hence understanding its interactions with TRAP and allergen is important. Diesel exhaust (DE), a paradigm of TRAP, consists of particulate matter (PM) and gases. Modern diesel engines often have catalytic diesel particulate filters to reduce PM output, but these may increase gaseous concentrations, and their benefits on human health cannot be assumed. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, crossover study using our unique in vivo human exposure system to investigate the effects of DE and allergen co-exposure, with or without particle depletion as a proxy for catalytic diesel particulate filters, on the airway epithelial transcriptome. Participants were exposed for 2 h before an allergen inhalation challenge, with each receiving filtered air and saline (FA-S), filtered air and allergen (FA-A), DE and allergen (DE-A), or particle-depleted DE and allergen (PDDE-A), over four different occasions, each separated by a 4-week washout period. Endobronchial brushings were collected 48 h after each exposure, and total RNA was sequenced. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2, followed by GO enrichment and pathway analysis. FA-A, DE-A, and PDDE-A exposures significantly modulated genes relative to FA-S, with 462 unique DEGs identified. FA-A uniquely modulated the highest number (↑178, ↓155), followed by DE-A (↑44, ↓23), and then PDDE-A exposure (↑15, ↓2); 6 DEGs (↑4, ↓2) were modulated by all three conditions. Exposure to PDDE-A resulted in modulation of 285 DEGs compared to DE-A exposure, further revealing 26 biological process GO terms, including "cellular response to chemokine" and "inflammatory response". The transcriptional epithelial response to diesel exhaust and allergen co-exposure is enriched in inflammatory mediators, the pattern of which is altered upon particle depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Li
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory (APEL), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan D Huff
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory (APEL), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory (APEL), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Agnes C Y Yuen
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory (APEL), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory (APEL), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Pitchai A, Buhman K, Shannahan JH. Lipid mediators of inhalation exposure-induced pulmonary toxicity and inflammation. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:57-74. [PMID: 38422051 PMCID: PMC11022128 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2318389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Many inhalation exposures induce pulmonary inflammation contributing to disease progression. Inflammatory processes are actively regulated via mediators including bioactive lipids. Bioactive lipids are potent signaling molecules involved in both pro-inflammatory and resolution processes through receptor interactions. The formation and clearance of lipid signaling mediators are controlled by multiple metabolic enzymes. An imbalance of these lipids can result in exacerbated and sustained inflammatory processes which may result in pulmonary damage and disease. Dysregulation of pulmonary bioactive lipids contribute to inflammation and pulmonary toxicity following exposures. For example, inhalation of cigarette smoke induces activation of pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids such as sphingolipids, and ceramides contributing to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, exposure to silver nanoparticles causes dysregulation of inflammatory resolution lipids. As inflammation is a common consequence resulting from inhaled exposures and a component of numerous diseases it represents a broadly applicable target for therapeutic intervention. With new appreciation for bioactive lipids, technological advances to reliably identify and quantify lipids have occurred. In this review, we will summarize, integrate, and discuss findings from recent studies investigating the impact of inhaled exposures on pro-inflammatory and resolution lipids within the lung and their contribution to disease. Throughout the review current knowledge gaps in our understanding of bioactive lipids and their contribution to pulmonary effects of inhaled exposures will be presented. New methods being employed to detect and quantify disruption of pulmonary lipid levels following inhalation exposures will be highlighted. Lastly, we will describe how lipid dysregulation could potentially be addressed by therapeutic strategies to address inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly Buhman
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Rajiv C, Sanjita Devi H, Devi AK, Tamreihao K, Kshetri P, Tania C, Singh TS, Sonia C, Singh MN, Sen A, Sharma SK, Roy SS. Pharmacological potential of Jussiaea repens L. against CuSO 4 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 induced inflammation using in-vivo zebrafish models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116932. [PMID: 37473823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Northeastern state of India is known for its remarkable biodiversity and untapped medicinal resources. Jussiaea repens L., commonly known as water primrose, is a plant found in this region that has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various purposes. It has been employed to treat skin ulcerations, bone fractures, rheumatism, stomach pain, and intestinal worms. Despite its long-standing ethnopharmacological usage, there is limited scientific research on the bioactivity of Jussiaea repens L. However, preliminary studies have shown its potential antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Further exploration of its medicinal properties, particularly its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, is warranted. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Jussiaea repens L., a plant species found in the biodiverse Northeastern region of India. The plant has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various ailments. By utilizing zebrafish as an animal model and evaluating its effects in different inflammation models, the study aimed to uncover the plant's potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The research contributes to the scientific understanding of this traditional remedy and its potential therapeutic applications. METHODS Jussiaea repens L. extract was obtained from the stem and leaves using methanol as the solvent. Zebrafish embryos were used for in vivo assays. The anti-inflammatory study included two models: CuSO4-induced inflammation and tail wounding followed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in CuSO4-induced inflammation. Leukocyte migration at the injury site was observed in the tail wounding model. The extract's inhibition of the 15-LOX enzyme was assessed. All procedures followed established protocols and ethical guidelines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Jussiaea repens L. extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in two in vivo zebrafish models: CuSO4-induced inflammation and tail wounding combined with bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The extract reduced mortality rates and showed antioxidant effects by increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the CuSO4 model. In the tail wounding model, the extract reduced leukocyte migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the extract demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of the 15-LOX enzyme in the in vitro assay. These results suggest that Jussiaea repens L. extract possesses anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits the 15-LOX enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongtham Rajiv
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | | | - Asem Kajal Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - K Tamreihao
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; St. Joseph College, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - Pintubala Kshetri
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; Yairipok Universal College, Yairipok, 795138, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Tania
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Thangjam Surchandra Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; TS Paul Women's College, Mongsangei, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Sonia
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | | | - Arnab Sen
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Sharma
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Subhra Saikat Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India.
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Targeting ferroptosis as a vulnerability in pulmonary diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:649. [PMID: 35882850 PMCID: PMC9315842 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death marked by excessive oxidative phospholipids (PLs). The polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Numerous pulmonary diseases occurrences and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. This review discusses the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases including asthma, lung injury, lung cancer, fibrotic lung diseases, and pulmonary infection. Additionally, it is proposed that targeting ferroptosis is a potential treatment for pulmonary diseases, particularly drug-resistant lung cancer or antibiotic-resistant pulmonary infection, and reduces treatment-related adverse events.
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Chen LC, Tseng HM, Kuo ML, Chiu CY, Liao SL, Su KW, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Lai SH, Yao TC, Yeh KW, Wu AH, Yu HY, Huang JL, Huang SK. Levels of 15-HETE and TXB 2 in exhaled breath condensates as markers for diagnosis of childhood asthma and its therapeutic outcome. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1673-1680. [PMID: 34176158 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of eicosanoids is associated with asthma and a composite of oxylipins, including exhaled leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), characterizes childhood asthma. While fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been used as the standard for monitoring steroid responsiveness, the potential utility of eicosanoids in monitoring the therapeutic outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to examine the levels of major eicosanoids representing different metabolic pathways in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) of children with asthma during exacerbation and after treatment. METHODS Levels of 6 exhaled eicosanoid species in asthmatic children and healthy subjects were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS In addition to those previously reported, including LTB4 , the levels of exhaled 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), but not thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ), showed significant difference between asthmatics (N = 318) and healthy controls (N = 97), particularly the severe group showed the lowest levels of exhaled 15-HETE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed similar distinguishing power for the levels of 15-HETE, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second), and FeNO, while the 15-HETE/LTB4 ratio was significantly lower in subjects with asthma as compared to that of healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Analysis of asthmatics (N = 75) during exacerbation and convalescence showed significant improvement in lung function (FEV1 , p < .001), but not FeNO, concomitant with significantly increased levels of 15-HETE (p < .001) and reduced levels of TXB2 (p < .05) at convalescence, particularly for those who at the top 30% level during exacerbation. Further, decreased LTB4 and lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ) at convalescence were noted only in those at the top 30 percentile during exacerbation. CONCLUSION The exhaled 15-HETE was found to discriminate childhood asthma while decreased levels of exhaled TXB2 and increased levels of 15-HETE were prominent at convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Min Tseng
- Department of Healthcare Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chin Hua
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yueh Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xu X, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Arachidonic Acid 15-Lipoxygenase: Effects of Its Expression, Metabolites, and Genetic and Epigenetic Variations on Airway Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:684-696. [PMID: 34486255 PMCID: PMC8419644 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) is an enzyme that can oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALOX15 is strongly expressed in airway epithelial cells, where it catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) involved in various airway inflammatory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 induce ALOX15 expression by activating Jak2 and Tyk2 kinases as well as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) 1/3/5/6. ALOX15 up-regulation and subsequent association with phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) activate the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, thus inducing eosinophil-mediated airway inflammation. In addition, ALOX15 plays a significant role in promoting the migration of immune cells, such as immature dendritic cells, activated T cells, and mast cells, and airway remodeling, including goblet cell differentiation. Genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple ALOX15 variants and their significant correlation with the risk of developing airway diseases. The epigenetic modifications of the ALOX15 gene, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been shown to closely relate with airway inflammation. This review summarizes the role of ALOX15 in different phenotypes of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and nasal polyps, suggesting new treatment strategies for these airway inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and poor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Elzahhar PA, Alaaeddine RA, Nassra R, Ismail A, Labib HF, Temraz MG, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. Challenging inflammatory process at molecular, cellular and in vivo levels via some new pyrazolyl thiazolones. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:669-684. [PMID: 33618602 PMCID: PMC7901699 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1887169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The work reported herein describes the synthesis of a new series of anti-inflammatory pyrazolyl thiazolones. In addition to COX-2/15-LOX inhibition, these hybrids exerted their anti-inflammatory actions through novel mechanisms. The most active compounds possessed COX-2 inhibitory activities comparable to celecoxib (IC50 values of 0.09-0.14 µM) with significant 15-LOX inhibitory activities (IC50s 1.96 to 3.52 µM). Upon investigation of their in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and ulcerogenic profiles, these compounds showed activity patterns equivalent or more superior to diclofenac and/or celecoxib. Intriguingly, the most active compounds were more effective than diclofenac in suppressing monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production by activated macrophages, as well as their ability to induce macrophage apoptosis. The latter finding potentially adds a new dimension to the previously reported anti-inflammatory mechanisms of similar compounds. These compounds were effectively docked into COX-2 and 15-LOX active sites. Also, in silico predictions confirmed the appropriateness of these compounds as drug-like candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala F Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, E gypt
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Predictive significance of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:82. [PMID: 32973910 PMCID: PMC7493848 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) exhibits a poorer outcome compared with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (nonECRSwNP), so it is significant to identify effective markers to differentiate ECRSwNP in guiding the treatment strategies of these patients. Although arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) is positioned as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation, its study in differentiating ECRSwNP has not been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of ALOX15 in distinguishing and predicting ECRSwNP. Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), including 30 ECRSwNP and 18 nonECRSwNP patients, were enrolled. ALOX15 mRNA level was determined in polyps by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients’ baseline characteristics were evaluated and analyzed for correlations with ALOX15. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive significance of the potential predictors for ECRSwNP. Results ALOX15 mRNA level was significantly higher in ECRSwNP patients than in nonECRSwNP patients (P < 0.001). ALOX15 mRNA was significantly correlated with tissue and blood eosinophil percentages (r = 0.565, P < 0.001 and r = 0.395, P = 0.006), olfaction scores (r = 0.400, P = 0.005), total visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom scores (r = 0.383, P = 0.007), ethmoid/maxillary sinus (E/M) ratio (r = 0.463, P = 0.001), and endoscopy scores (r = 0.409, P = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed ALOX15 mRNA level and percentage of blood eosinophils to be predictive factors for ECRSwNP (P = 0.004 and P = 0.036, respectively). ROC curve indicated ALOX15 to have high predictive accuracy for ECRSwNP (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.909), which was further improved by combination of ALOX15 with percentage of blood eosinophils (AUC = 0.933). Conclusions The relative ALOX15 mRNA level alone or in combination with blood eosinophils might be a reliable biomarker for predicting a diagnosis of ECRSwNP.
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Li L, Wu J, Bian X, Wu G, Zheng P, Xue M, Sun B. Analysis of serum polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:205. [PMID: 32758241 PMCID: PMC7409426 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of lipid mediators in allergic diseases has been long recognized, whereas little is known about their role in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). We investigated whether lipid mediators are associated with ABPA. METHODS We recruited 12 ABPA patients, 23 asthma patients and 12 healthy control in our study. Serum of 11 ABPA patients were collected before and following treatment. 36 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites were measured in serum samples by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, with ethics number GYFYY-2016-73. RESULTS Levels of arachidonic acid (AA), 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12(S)-HETE, 8(S)-HETE, 5(S)-HETE, LTB4, PGB2, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 12-hydro-xyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHTrE) were significantly higher in ABPA patients than that in HC groups. Compared with asthma group, ABPA group expressed lower levels of 15(S)-hy-droperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE), 5(S)-HPETE, 13(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (HPODE) and 9(S)-HPODE. In APBA patients, AA level was positively correlated with serumtotal IgE (tIgE). The levels of 12(S)-HPETE, 15(S)-HEPE and 12(S)-HEPE correlated with Asp-ergillus fumigatus specific IgE(A. fumigatus sIgE) positively. Peripheral blood eosinophilia correlated with high levels of 12(S)-HETE and 15(S)-HETE. In addition, the serum levels of15(S)-HETE and 12(S)-HETE in ABPA subjects both declined with the decrease of tIgE, A. fumigatus sIgE and sIgG concentrations after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We present data regarding the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in APBA for the first time. Most of the tested metabolites increased in ABPA when co-mpared with healthy controls and 15(S)-HETE and 12(S)-HETE may play a role in the pat-hogenesis of ABPA. These findings can provide new ideas for diagnosis, therapy and mon-itor of ABPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Elzahhar PA, Alaaeddine R, Ibrahim TM, Nassra R, Ismail A, Chua BS, Frkic RL, Bruning JB, Wallner N, Knape T, von Knethen A, Labib H, El-Yazbi AF, Belal AS. Shooting three inflammatory targets with a single bullet: Novel multi-targeting anti-inflammatory glitazones. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:562-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Lu S, Herzlinger M, Cao W, Noble L, Yang D, Shapiro J, Kurtis J, LeLeiko N, Resnick M. Utility of 15(S)-HETE as a Serological Marker for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14498. [PMID: 30266946 PMCID: PMC6162315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) involves Th2-mediated eosinophil recruitment and degranulation into the esophagus. However, measuring serum Th2 cytokines, eosinophils, and eosinophil-derived products does not reliably distinguish EoE from control populations. Non-invasive methods to diagnose EoE are lacking. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a novel candidate biomarker of EoE: 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). We used immunoassay to measure 15(S)-HETE and cytokine profiles in patients undergoing endoscopy with known or suspected EoE. 31 subjects were enrolled, 16 with EoE, and 15 with an alternate diagnosis. 15(S)-HETE was elevated in the EoE group compared to non-EoE group. The sensitivity and specificity of 15(S)-HETE to be used as a non-invasive marker is 50% and 80%, respectively. 15(S)-HETE may aid in the diagnosis of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA.
| | - Michael Herzlinger
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Liver Diseases, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Lelia Noble
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Jason Shapiro
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Liver Diseases, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Jonathan Kurtis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Neal LeLeiko
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Liver Diseases, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Murray Resnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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Çolakoğlu M, Tunçer S, Banerjee S. Emerging cellular functions of the lipid metabolizing enzyme 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12472. [PMID: 30062726 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) leads to the production of bioactive lipids that are important both in the induction of acute inflammation and its resolution. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15-LOX-1 was shown to be important both in the context of inflammation, being expressed in cells of the immune system, and in epithelial cells where the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. This review looks into the latest developments in understanding the role of 15-LOX-1 in different disease states with emphasis on the emerging role of the enzyme in the tumour microenvironment as well as a newly re-discovered form of cell death called ferroptosis. We also discuss future perspectives on the feasibility of use of this protein as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Çolakoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Chen X, Ji N, Qin N, Tang SA, Wang R, Qiu Y, Duan H, Kong D, Jin M. 1,6-O,O-Diacetylbritannilactone Inhibits Eotaxin-1 and ALOX15 Expression Through Inactivation of STAT6 in A549 Cells. Inflammation 2017; 40:1967-1974. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Plasma 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Predicts Treatment Outcomes in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:998-1007.e2. [PMID: 28159558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin desensitization followed by daily aspirin provides therapeutic benefits to patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). It is not well understood how eicosanoid levels change during aspirin treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between clinical outcomes of aspirin treatment and plasma eicosanoid levels in patients with AERD. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with AERD were offered aspirin treatment (650 mg twice daily) for 4 weeks. Respiratory parameters and plasma levels of multiple eicosanoids were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of aspirin therapy using the Asthma Control Test and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. Respiratory function was evaluated using the FEV1 and nasal inspiratory peak flow. RESULTS After aspirin treatment, respiratory symptoms improved in 16 patients, worsened in 12 patients, and did not change in 4 patients. Seven patients were unable to complete the desensitization protocol. Patients with symptom improvement had higher baseline plasma 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels than did patients with symptom worsening: 7006 pg/mL (interquartile range, 6056-8688 pg/mL) versus 4800 pg/mL (interquartile range, 4238-5575 pg/mL), P = .0005. Baseline 15-HETE plasma levels positively correlated with the change in Asthma Control Test score (r = 0.61; P = .001) and in FEV1 after 4 weeks of aspirin treatment (r = 0.49; P = .01). It inversely correlated with Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score (r = -0.58; P = .002). Black and Latino patients were more likely to have symptom worsening on aspirin or fail to complete the initial desensitization than white, non-Latino patients (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS In patients with AERD, low baseline 15-HETE plasma levels and black or Latino ethnicity are associated with worsening of respiratory symptoms during aspirin treatment.
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15
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Pyasi K, Tufvesson E, Moitra S. Evaluating the role of leukotriene-modifying drugs in asthma management: Are their benefits 'losing in translation'? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:52-59. [PMID: 27651322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) initiate a cascade of reactions that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation in asthma. LT-modifying drugs have been proved very effective to reduce inflammation and associated exacerbation however despite some illustrious clinical trials the usage of these drugs remains overlooked because the evidence to support their utility in asthma management has been mixed and varied between studies. Although, there are plenty of evidences which suggest that the leukotriene-modifying drugs provide consistent improvement even after just the first oral dose and reduce asthma exacerbations, the beneficial effect of these drugs has remained sparse and widely debated. And these beneficial effects are often overlooked because most of the clinical studies include a mixed population of asthmatics who do not respond to LT-modifiers equally. Therefore, in the present era of personalized medicine, it is important to properly stratify the patients and non-invasive measurements of biomarkers may warrant the possibility to characterize biological/pathological pathway to direct treatment to those who will benefit from it. Endotyping based on individual's leukotriene levels should probably ascertain a subgroup of patients that would clearly benefit from the treatment even though the trial fails to show overall significance. In this article, we have methodically evaluated contemporary literature describing the efficacy of LT-modifying drugs in the management of asthma and highlighted the importance of phenotyping the asthmatics for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Pyasi
- Molecular Respiratory Research Laboratory, Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Subhabrata Moitra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pneumology, Allergy and Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India.
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16
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Abrial C, Grassin-Delyle S, Salvator H, Brollo M, Naline E, Devillier P. 15-Lipoxygenases regulate the production of chemokines in human lung macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4319-30. [PMID: 26040494 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) activity is associated with inflammation and immune regulation. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the expression of 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 and evaluate the enzymes' roles in the polarization of human lung macrophages (LMs) in response to LPS and Th2 cytokines (IL-4/-13). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LMs were isolated from patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma. The cells were cultured with a 15-LOX inhibitor (PD146176 or ML351), a COX inhibitor (indomethacin), a 5-LOX inhibitor (MK886) or vehicle and then stimulated with LPS (10 ng · mL(-1)), IL-4 (10 ng · mL(-1)) or IL-13 (50 ng · mL(-1)) for 24 h. Levels of ALOX15 (15-LOX-1) and ALOX15B (15-LOX-2) transcripts were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunoassays were used to measure levels of LPS-induced cytokines (TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10) and Th2 cytokine-induced chemokines (CCL13, CCL18 and CCL22) in the culture supernatant. KEY RESULTS Stimulation of LMs with LPS was associated with increased expression of ALOX15B, whereas stimulation with IL-4/IL-13 induced the expression of ALOX15. PD146176 and ML351 (10 μM) reduced the release of the chemokines induced by LPS and Th2 cytokines. The effects of these 15-LOX inhibitors were maintained in the presence of indomethacin and MK886. Furthermore, indomethacin revealed the inhibitory effect of PD146176 on TNF-α release. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of the 15-LOX pathways is involved in the down-regulation of the in vitro production of chemokines in LMs. Our results suggest that the 15-LOX pathways have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung disorders and may thus constitute a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abrial
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,UFR Sciences de la santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
| | - S Grassin-Delyle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,UFR Sciences de la santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
| | - H Salvator
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,UFR Sciences de la santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
| | - M Brollo
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - E Naline
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,UFR Sciences de la santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
| | - P Devillier
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,UFR Sciences de la santé, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France
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17
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Brunnström Å, Tryselius Y, Feltenmark S, Andersson E, Leksell H, James A, Mannervik B, Dahlén B, Claesson HE. On the biosynthesis of 15-HETE and eoxin C4 by human airway epithelial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:83-90. [PMID: 26026713 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that 15-lipoxygenase type 1 (15-LO-1) plays a pathophysiological role in asthma. The aim for this study was to investigate the 15-LO-1 expression and activity in primary human airway epithelial cells cultivated on micro-porous filters at air-liquid interface. Incubation of human airway epithelial cells with arachidonic acid led to the formation of 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and exposing the cells to bacteria or physical injury markedly increased their production of 15-HETE. The cells were also found to convert arachidonic acid to eoxin C4 (EXC4). Subcellular fractionation revealed that the conversion of EXA4 to EXC4 was catalyzed by a soluble glutathione transferase (GST). The GST P1-1 enzyme was found to possess the highest activity of the investigated soluble GSTs. Following IL-4 treatment of airway epithelial cells, microarray analysis confirmed high expression of 15-LO-1 and GST P1-1, and immunohistochemical staining of bronchial biopsies revealed co-localization of 15-LO-1 and GST P1-1 in airway epithelial cells. These results indicate that respiratory infection and cell injury may activate the 15-LO pathway in airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that airway epithelial cells have the capacity to produce EXC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Brunnström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Helene Leksell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Anna James
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; The Centre for Allergy Research, Sweden
| | - Bengt Mannervik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Dahlén
- The Centre for Allergy Research, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hans-Erik Claesson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Pelcman B, Sanin A, Nilsson P, Schaal W, Olofsson K, Krog-Jensen C, Forsell P, Hallberg A, Larhed M, Boesen T, Kromann H, Claesson HE. N-Substituted pyrazole-3-carboxamides as inhibitors of human 15-lipoxygenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3017-23. [PMID: 26037319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening was used to find selective inhibitors of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1). One hit, a 1-benzoyl substituted pyrazole-3-carboxanilide (1a), was used as a starting point in a program to develop potent and selective 15-LOX-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pelcman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrei Sanin
- Biolipox AB, Berzelius väg 3, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Biolipox AB, Berzelius väg 3, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wesley Schaal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Biolipox AB, Berzelius väg 3, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anders Hallberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Boesen
- MedChem ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hasse Kromann
- MedChem ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans-Erik Claesson
- Biolipox AB, Berzelius väg 3, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Building A3:02, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kim SH, Choi H, Yoon MG, Ye YM, Park HS. Dipeptidyl-peptidase 10 as a genetic biomarker for the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease phenotype. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 114:208-13. [PMID: 25592153 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an endotype of severe and eosinophilic adult asthma characterized by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and hypersensitivity to aspirin and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A genetic contribution of dipeptidyl-peptidase 10 (DPP10) to asthma susceptibility and lung function decline has been reported. However, little is known about the role of DPP10 in the pathogenesis of AERD. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants of DPP10 that confer susceptibility to AERD or severe asthma. METHODS A case-control association study of DPP10 gene polymorphisms was performed in 3 groups of patients: 274 with AERD, 272 with aspirin-tolerant asthma, and 99 normal healthy controls. The rs17048175 single-nucleotide polymorphism was targeted based on a preliminary genomewide association study using an Affymetrix genomewide human single-nucleotide polymorphism array in a Korean population. DPP10, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and YKL-40/chitinase-3-like protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera taken from the study subjects. RESULTS There was a significant association between rs17048175 and the AERD phenotype, but not with aspirin-tolerant asthma. The DPP10 level was significantly higher in sera from patients with AERD compared with patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma and control subjects (P = .021 and P < .001, respectively). In addition, there was a significant difference of serum DPP10 level according to the single-nucleotide polymorphism (P = .001). Serum DPP10 level showed a strong correlation with 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (r = 0.226, P = .017) and YKL-40 (r = 0.364, P = .004). CONCLUSION This study suggests a genetic contribution of rs17048175 to DPP10 in eosinophilic inflammation induction in the airways and to AERD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunna Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gyung Yoon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kim SH, Cho BY, Choi H, Shin ES, Ye YM, Lee JE, Park HS. The SNP rs3128965 of HLA-DPB1 as a genetic marker of the AERD phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111220. [PMID: 25536158 PMCID: PMC4275175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two common clinical syndromes of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) hypersensitivity, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and aspirin-exacerbated cutaneous disease (AECD), were subjected to a genome-wide association study to identify strong genetic markers for aspirin hypersensitivity in a Korean population. METHODS A comparison of SNP genotype frequencies on an Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array of 179 AERD patients and 1989 healthy normal control subjects (NC) revealed SNPs on chromosome 6 that were associated with AERD, but not AECD. To validate the association, we enrolled a second cohort comprising AERD (n = 264), NC (n = 238) and disease-control (aspirin tolerant asthma; ATA, n = 387) groups. RESULTS The minor genotype frequency (AG or AA) of a particular SNP, rs3128965, in the HLA-DPB1 region was higher in the AERD group compared to the ATA or NC group (P = 0.001, P = 0.002, in a co-dominant analysis model, respectively). Comparison of rs3128965 alleles with the clinical features of asthmatics revealed that patients harboring the A allele had increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled aspirin and methacholine, and higher 15-HETE levels, than those without the A allele (P = 0.039, 0.037, and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This implies the potential of rs3128965 as a genetic marker for diagnosis and prediction of the AERD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,
- * E-mail: (SHK); (HSP)
| | - Bo-Young Cho
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,
| | - Hyunna Choi
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,
| | | | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,
| | | | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,
- * E-mail: (SHK); (HSP)
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21
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Alaba CSM, Chichioco-Hernandez CL. 15-Lipoxygenase inhibition of Commelina benghalensis, Tradescantia fluminensis, Tradescantia zebrina. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:184-8. [PMID: 25182435 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the methanol leaf extracts of Commelina benghalensis, Tradescantia fluminensis (T. fluminensis) and Tradescantia zebrina. METHOD The inhibitory activity was evaluated using a spectrophotometric assay by observing the increase in absorbance at 234 nm due to the formation of the product 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. The extracts were also tested for the presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. RESULTS All the extracts inhibited the action of 15-lipoxygenase at a concentration of 0.2 µg/mL. T. fluminensis and Tradescantia zebrina exhibited higher than 50% inhibition with T. fluminensis at 87.2%. T. fluminensis was partitioned with ethyl acetate and hexane and their IC50 values were determined at 8.72 µg/mL and 98.04 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS T. fluminensis is a potentially good source of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cean Socorro M Alaba
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines 1101
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22
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Wisastra R, Dekker FJ. Inflammation, Cancer and Oxidative Lipoxygenase Activity are Intimately Linked. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1500-21. [PMID: 25037020 PMCID: PMC4190552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and inflammation are intimately linked due to specific oxidative processes in the tumor microenvironment. Lipoxygenases are a versatile class of oxidative enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. An increasing number of arachidonic acid metabolites is being discovered and apart from their classically recognized pro-inflammatory effects, anti-inflammatory effects are also being described in recent years. Interestingly, these lipid mediators are involved in activation of pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways such as the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, which illustrates the intimate link between lipid signaling and transcription factor activation. The identification of the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in several inflammatory diseases led to a significant drug discovery effort around arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes. However, to date success in this area has been limited. This might be attributed to the lack of selectivity of the developed inhibitors and to a lack of detailed understanding of the functional roles of arachidonic acid metabolites in inflammatory responses and cancer. This calls for a more detailed investigation of the activity of arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes and development of more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalina Wisastra
- Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Spears M, Messow CM, Jelinsky S, Miele G, Nocka K, Takahashi E, Hilmi OJ, Shepherd MC, Miller DK, McSharry C. Arachidonic acid metabolites and enzyme transcripts in asthma are altered by cigarette smoking. Allergy 2014; 69:527-36. [PMID: 24571371 DOI: 10.1111/all.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid metabolites are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma although only limited information is available on the impact of current smoking history on these metabolites. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of smoking status on urinary, sputum, and plasma eicosanoid concentrations and relevant enzyme transcripts in asthma. METHODS In 108 smokers and never smokers with asthma and 45 healthy controls [smokers and never smokers], we measured urinary tetranor prostaglandin (PG)D2 (PGDM) and leukotriene (LT)E4 , induced sputum fluid LTB4 , LTE4 , PGD2 , and PGE2 , plasma secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 ), and 11β prostaglandin F2α (11βPGF2α ), and, in a subgroup with severe asthma, airway leukocyte and epithelial cell mRNA expression levels of arachidonic acid metabolic enzymes. RESULTS Smokers with asthma had higher urinary LTE4 ; 83 (59, 130) vs 59 (40, 90) pg/mg creatinine, P = 0.008, and PGDM; 60 (35, 100) vs 41 (28, 59) ng/mg creatinine, P = 0.012 concentrations, respectively, and lower sputum PGE2 concentrations 80 (46, 157) vs 192 (91, 301) pg/ml, P = 0.001 than never smokers with asthma. Sputum LTB4 (P = 0.013), and plasma 11βPGF2α (P = 0.032), concentrations, respectively, were increased in smokers with asthma compared with healthy smokers. Asthma-specific and smoking-related increases (>1.5-fold expression) in arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase transcripts were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Several arachidonic acid metabolites and enzyme transcripts involving both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways are increased in smokers with asthma and differ from never smokers with asthma. Possibly targeting specific lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways that are activated by asthma and cigarette smoking may optimize therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - R. Chaudhuri
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - M. Spears
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - C. M. Messow
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - S. Jelinsky
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Dundee and Sandwich UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Cambridge MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Collegeville PA USA
| | - G. Miele
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Dundee and Sandwich UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Cambridge MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Collegeville PA USA
| | - K. Nocka
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Dundee and Sandwich UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Cambridge MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Collegeville PA USA
| | | | - O. J. Hilmi
- Ear, Nose & Throat Department; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde; Glasgow UK
| | - M. C. Shepherd
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - D. K. Miller
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Dundee and Sandwich UK
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Cambridge MA USA
- Pfizer Research/Translational Medicine Research Collaboration; Collegeville PA USA
| | - C. McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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Association analysis of tapasin polymorphisms with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in asthmatics. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 23:341-8. [PMID: 23736108 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328361d4bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by the development of airway obstruction in asthmatic individuals following the ingestion of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. TAPBP (TAP-binding protein, tapasin) is upregulated by eicosanoids, which act as potent inflammatory molecules in aspirin-related reactions. Thus, functional alterations in the TAPBP gene may contribute toward AERD. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms on the TAPBP gene and AERD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of asthmatic patients (n=1252) underwent the oral aspirin challenge. Oral aspirin challenge reactions were categorized into two groups as follows: 15% or greater decreases in forced expiratory volume in 1 s or naso-ocular and skin reactions (AERD), or 15% or less decreases in forced expiratory volume in 1 s without naso-ocular and skin reactions (aspirin-tolerant asthma). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TAPBP gene were genotyped. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that the minor allele frequencies of TAPBP rs2071888 C>G (Thr260Arg) on exon 4 (P>0.05), which was in absolute linkage disequilibrium with rs1059288 T>C on 3'UTR, were significantly higher in the AERD group than in the aspirin-tolerant asthma group, and the P values remained significant after multiple comparisons (Pcorr=0.006, odds ratio: 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.69, additive model; Pcorr=0.009, odds ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.14-2.03, dominant model). Alpha-helical wheel plotting showed that 260Arg had greater hydrophilic helical property than 260Thr. CONCLUSION TAPBP polymorphisms may play a role in the development of AERD.
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Liu C, Wang C, Wang K, Liu L, Shen Q, Yan K, Sun X, Chen J, Liu J, Ren H, Liu H, Xu Z, Hu S, Xu D, Fan Y. SMYD3 as an oncogenic driver in prostate cancer by stimulation of androgen receptor transcription. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1719-28. [PMID: 24174655 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) is critical for prostate tumorigenesis and is frequently overexpressed during prostate cancer (PC) progression. However, few studies have addressed the epigenetic regulation of AR expression. METHODS We analyzed SMYD3 expression in human PC with Western blot and immunohistochemistry. SMYD3 expression was knocked down using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Cell proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis analyses and xenograft transplantation were performed to evaluate the impact of SMYD3 depletion on PC cells. AR expression and promoter activity were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and luciferase reporter assay. AR promoter association with Sp1, SMYD3, and histone modifications was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Differences in AR mRNA abundance and promoter activity were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, SMYD3 expression was analyzed using with Mann-Whitney U tests for unpaired samples, and tumor weight was analyzed with Student t test. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The upregulation of SMYD3 protein expression was observed in seven of eight prostate tumor specimens, compared with matched normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a strong SMYD3 staining in the nuclei of PC tissues in eight of 25 (32%) cases and in the cytoplasm in 23 out of 25 (92%) cases, whereas benign prostate tissue exhibited weak immunostaining. Depletion of SMYD3 by siRNA or shRNA inhibited PC cell proliferation (72 hours relative to 24 hours: control shRNA vs SMYD3 shRNA 1: mean fold change = 2.76 vs 1.68; difference = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 1.38, P < .001), colony formation, cell migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor formation. Two functional SMYD3-binding motifs were identified in the AR promoter region. CONCLUSIONS SMYD3 promotes prostate tumorigenesis and mediates epigenetic upregulation of AR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Urology (CL, CW, KW, KY, JC, JL, HR, HL, ZX, YF), Department of General Surgery (LL, SH), and School of Nursing (LL), Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Central Research Laboratory of Shandong University Second Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (DX); Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (QS); Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China (XS); Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (CW, DX)
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Lu W, Zhao X, Xu Z, Dong N, Zou S, Shen X, Huang J. Development of a new colorimetric assay for lipoxygenase activity. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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James A, Daham K, Backman L, Brunnström A, Tingvall T, Kumlin M, Edenius C, Dahlén SE, Dahlén B, Claesson HE. The influence of aspirin on release of eoxin C4, leukotriene C4 and 15-HETE, in eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from patients with asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:135-42. [PMID: 23921438 DOI: 10.1159/000351422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of aspirin on the release of key arachidonic acid metabolites in activated eosinophils from subjects with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) has not been investigated previously, despite the characteristic eosinophilia in AIA. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated from four groups of subjects: healthy volunteers (HV; n = 8), mild asthma (MA; n = 8), severe asthma (SA; n = 9) and AIA (n = 7). In the absence or presence of lysine-aspirin, eosinophils were stimulated with arachidonic acid or calcium ionophore to trigger the 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathways, respectively. 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and eoxin C4 (EXC4) were measured as 15-LO products and leukotriene (LT)C4 as a product of the 5-LO pathway. RESULTS Activated eosinophils from patients with SA and AIA produced approximately five times more 15-HETE than eosinophils from HV or MA patients. In the presence of lysine-aspirin, eosinophils from AIA, MA and SA patients generated higher levels of 15-HETE than in the absence of lysine-aspirin. Furthermore, in the presence of lysine-aspirin, formation of EXC4 was also significantly increased in eosinophils from AIA patients, and LTC4 synthesis was increased both in AIA and SA patients. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study shows an increased release of the recently discovered lipid mediator EXC4, as well as the main indicator of 15-LO activity, 15-HETE, in activated eosinophils from severe and aspirin-intolerant asthmatics, and also elevated EXC4 and LTC4 formation in eosinophils from AIA patients after cellular activation in the presence of lysine-aspirin. The findings support a pathophysiological role of the 15-LO pathway in SA and AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna James
- The Centre for Allergy Research, Stockholm, Sweden
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Balgoma D, Checa A, Sar DG, Snowden S, Wheelock CE. Quantitative metabolic profiling of lipid mediators. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1359-77. [PMID: 23828856 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are heterogeneous biological molecules that possess multiple physiological roles including cell structure, homeostasis, and restoration of tissue functionality during and after inflammation. Lipid metabolism constitutes a network of pathways that are related at multiple biosynthetic hubs. Disregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to pathophysiological effects and multiple lipid mediators have been described to be involved in physiological processes, (e.g. inflammation). Accordingly, a thorough description of these pathways may shed light on putative relations in multiple complex diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, obesity, and cancer. Due to the structural complexity of lipids and the low abundance of many lipid mediators, mass spectrometry is the most commonly employed method for analysis. However, multiple challenges remain in the efforts to analyze every lipid subfamily. In this review, the biological role of sphingolipids, glycerolipids, oxylipins (e.g. eicosanoids), endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines in relation to health and disease and the state-of-the-art analyses are summarized. The characterization and understanding of these pathways will increase our ability to examine for interrelations among lipid pathways and improve the knowledge of biological mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Balgoma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chou VP, Holman TR, Manning-Bog AB. Differential contribution of lipoxygenase isozymes to nigrostriatal vulnerability. Neuroscience 2012; 228:73-82. [PMID: 23079635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The 5- and 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX) isozymes have been implicated to contribute to disease development in CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. These LOX isozymes are distinct in function, with differential effects on neuroinflammation, and the impact of the distinct isozymes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has not as yet been evaluated. To determine whether the isozymes contribute differently to nigrostriatal vulnerability, the effects of 5- and 12/15-LOX deficiency on dopaminergic tone under naïve and toxicant-challenged conditions were tested. In naïve mice deficient in 5-LOX expression, a modest but significant reduction (18.0% reduction vs. wildtype (WT)) in striatal dopamine (DA) was detected (n=6-8 per genotype). A concomitant decline in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme was also revealed in null 5-LOX vs. WT mice (26.2%); however, no changes in levels of DA or TH immunoreactivity were observed in null 12/15-LOX vs. WT mice. When challenged with the selective dopaminergic toxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), WT mice showed a marked reduction in DA (31.9%) and robust astrocytic and microglial activation as compared to saline-treated animals. In contrast, null 5-LOX littermates demonstrated no significant striatal DA depletion or astrogliosis (as noted by Western blot analyses for glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity). In naïve null 12/15-LOX mice, no significant change in striatal DA values was observed compared to WT, and following MPTP treatment, the transgenics revealed striatal DA reduction similar to the challenged WT mice. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that: (i) LOX isozymes are involved in the maintenance of normal dopaminergic function in the striatum and (ii) the 5- and 12/15-LOX isozymes contribute differentially to striatal vulnerability in response to neurotoxicant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Chou
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Metabolism of anandamide into eoxamides by 15-lipoxygenase-1 and glutathione transferases. Lipids 2012; 47:781-91. [PMID: 22684912 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) can metabolize arachidonic acid (ARA) into pro-inflammatory mediators such as the eoxins, 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE), and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine. We have in this study investigated the formation of various lipid hydroperoxide by either purified 15-LO-1 or in the Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L1236, which contain abundant amount of 15-LO-1. Both purified 15-LO-1 and L1236 cells produced lipid hydroperoxides more efficiently when anandamide (AEA) or 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol ester was used as substrate than with ARA. Furthermore, L1236 cells converted AEA to a novel class of cysteinyl-containing metabolites. Based on RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry and comparison to synthetic products, these metabolites were identified as the ethanolamide of the eoxin (EX) C(4) and EXD(4). By using the epoxide EXA(4)-ethanol amide, it was also found that platelets have the capacity to produce the ethanolamide of EXC(4) and EXD(4). We suggest that the ethanolamides of the eoxins should be referred to as eoxamides, in analogy to the ethanolamides of prostaglandins which are named prostamides. The metabolism of AEA into eoxamides might engender molecules with novel biological effects. Alternatively, it might represent a new mechanism for the termination of AEA signalling.
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Lu W, Zhao X, Zou S, Huang J. A fluorimetric assay for human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 activity. Anal Biochem 2012; 426:66-8. [PMID: 22497768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive fluorescence-based assay for the determination of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) activity is described in this article. The assay utilizes the ability of 15-LOX-1-generated lipid hydroperoxides to oxidize nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123, producing the highly fluorescent dye rhodamine 123. Formation of rhodamine 123 can be monitored through fluorescence spectroscopy using Ex/Em of 500 nm/536 nm. The IC(50) values of three well-known 15-LOX-1 inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, quercetin, and fisetin, were evaluated in 96- and 384-well formats, and they conform to previously reported data. We believe this assay can be broadly used for the discovery of novel lipoxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Harmon GS, Lam MT, Glass CK. PPARs and lipid ligands in inflammation and metabolism. Chem Rev 2012; 111:6321-40. [PMID: 21988241 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Harmon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Abstract
The airway epithelial cell is the initial cell type impacted both by inhaled environmental factors, such as pathogens, allergens, and pollutants, and inhaled medications for airway diseases. As such, epithelial cells are now recognized to play a central role in the regulation of airway inflammatory status, structure, and function in normal and diseased airways. This article reviews our current knowledge regarding the roles of the epithelial cell in airway inflammation and host defense. The interactions of inhaled environmental factors and pathogens with epithelial cells are also discussed, with an emphasis on epithelial innate immune responses and contributions of epithelial cells to immune regulation. Recent evidence suggesting that epithelial cells play an active role in inducing several of the structural changes, collectively referred to airway remodeling, seen in the airways of asthmatic subjects is reviewed. Finally, the concept that the epithelium is a major target for the actions of a number of classes of inhaled medications is discussed, as are the potential mechanisms by which selected drugs may alter epithelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Proud
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Lundström SL, Levänen B, Nording M, Klepczynska-Nyström A, Sköld M, Haeggström JZ, Grunewald J, Svartengren M, Hammock BD, Larsson BM, Eklund A, Wheelock ÅM, Wheelock CE. Asthmatics exhibit altered oxylipin profiles compared to healthy individuals after subway air exposure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23864. [PMID: 21897859 PMCID: PMC3163588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications. OBJECTIVES This randomized crossover study investigated responses of the respiratory system to Stockholm subway air in asthmatics and healthy individuals. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins were quantified in the distal lung to provide a measure of shifts in lipid mediators in association with exposure to subway air relative to ambient air. METHODS Sixty-four oxylipins representing the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways were screened using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-fluid. Validations through immunocytochemistry staining of BAL-cells were performed for 15-LOX-1, COX-1, COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Multivariate statistics were employed to interrogate acquired oxylipin and immunocytochemistry data in combination with patient clinical information. RESULTS Asthmatics and healthy individuals exhibited divergent oxylipin profiles following exposure to ambient and subway air. Significant changes were observed in 8 metabolites of linoleic- and α-linolenic acid synthesized via the 15-LOX pathway, and of the COX product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Oxylipin levels were increased in healthy individuals following exposure to subway air, whereas asthmatics evidenced decreases or no change. CONCLUSIONS Several of the altered oxylipins have known or suspected bronchoprotective or anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a possible reduced anti-inflammatory response in asthmatics following exposure to subway air. These observations may have ramifications for sensitive subpopulations in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L. Lundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Levänen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Nording
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Klepczynska-Nyström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Britt-Marie Larsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (AMW)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (AMW)
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Abstract
Intracellular pathogens contribute to a significant proportion of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence points to a major role for host genetics in explaining inter-individual variation in susceptibility to infectious diseases. A number of monogenic disorders predisposing to infectious disease have been reported, including susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in association with mutations in genes of the interleukin-12/interleukin-23/interferon-γ axis. Common genetic variants have also been demonstrated to regulate susceptibility to intracellular infection, for example the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism that modulates human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Genome-wide association study approaches are being increasingly utilized to define genetic variants underlying susceptibility to major infectious diseases. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art in genetics and genomics as pertains to understanding the genetic contribution to human susceptibility to infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens such as tuberculosis, leprosy, HIV-1, hepatitis, and malaria, with a particular emphasis on insights from recent genome-wide approaches. The results from these studies implicate common genetic variants in novel molecular pathways involved in human immunity to specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik O Vannberg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sachs-Olsen C, Sanak M, Lang AM, Gielicz A, Mowinckel P, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Carlsen KH, Szczeklik A. Eoxins: a new inflammatory pathway in childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:859-867.e9. [PMID: 20920774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of leukotrienes (LTs) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are associated with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), whereas eicosanoids generated through the 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathway (15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [HETE] and eoxins) have been less studied. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether metabolites of the 5- and 15-LO pathways in EBC are associated with childhood asthma, asthma severity, and clinical parameters. METHODS The present study included 131 school-aged children (27 children with problematic severe asthma, 80 children with mild-to-moderate asthma, and 24 healthy children) from the Severe Asthma Recognized in Childhood study and 19 children with other nonasthmatic chronic lung diseases. Clinical work-up included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements, skin prick testing, and methacholine challenge. Eicosanoids were analyzed in EBC by using mass spectrometry and are reported as concentrations (in picograms per milliliter) and eicosanoid/palmitic acid (PA) ratios. RESULTS Eoxin C₄/PA, eoxin D₄/PA, eoxin E₄/PA, 15-HETE/PA, and LTC₄/PA ratios were significantly increased in asthmatic versus healthy children. Eoxin D₄/PA and LTE₄/PA ratios were also significantly higher in children with BHR. A nonsignificant trend was observed toward higher eoxin/PA ratios with increasing asthma severity. In contrast to asthma, children with chronic lung disease had the highest 15-HETE/PA, LTC₄/PA, LTE₄/PA, and LTB₄/PA ratios. CONCLUSION The results point to increased activity of the 15-LO inflammatory pathway in childhood asthma. Mass spectrometric analyses of EBC demonstrate that increased eoxin levels not only accompany the increased 5-LO product LTC₄ but are also associated with BHR. These markers might represent a new therapeutic target for asthma treatment.
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Dahlström M, Forsström D, Johannesson M, Huque-Andersson Y, Björk M, Silfverplatz E, Sanin A, Schaal W, Pelcman B, Forsell PKA. Development of a fluorescent intensity assay amenable for high-throughput screening for determining 15-lipoxygenase activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15:671-9. [PMID: 20581078 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110373383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase-1 catalyzes the introduction of molecular oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids to form a lipid hydroperoxide. The authors have developed an assay for the detection of lipid hydroperoxides formed by human 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in enzyme or cellular assays using either a 96-well or a 384-well format. The assays described take advantage of the ability of lipid hydroperoxides to oxidize nonfluorescent diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) to a fluorescent phosphine oxide. Oxidation of DPPP yields a fluorescent compound, which is not sensitive to temperature and is stable for more than 2 h. The assay is sensitive toward inhibition and robust with a Z' value of 0.79 and 0.4 in a 96- and 384-well format, respectively, and thus amenable for high-throughput screening. The utility of DPPP as a marker for 15-lipoxygenase activity was demonstrated with both enzyme- and cell-based assays for the identification of hits and to determine potency by IC(50) determinations.
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