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Ewell DJ, Vue N, Moinuddin SM, Sarkar T, Ahsan F, Vinall RL. Development of a Bladder Cancer-on-a-Chip Model to Assess Bladder Cancer Cell Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2657. [PMID: 39123388 PMCID: PMC11311651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed a bladder cancer-on-a-chip model which supports the 3D growth of cells and can be used to assess and quantify bladder cancer cell invasiveness in a physiologically appropriate environment. Three bladder cancer cell lines (T24, J82, and RT4) were resuspended in 50% Matrigel® and grown within a multi-channel organ-on-a-chip system. The ability of live cells to invade across into an adjacent 50% Matrigel®-only channel was assessed over a 2-day period. Cell lines isolated from patients with high-grade bladder cancer (T24 and J82) invaded across into the Matrigel®-only channel at a much higher frequency compared to cells isolated from a patient with low-grade cancer (RT4) (p < 0.001). The T24 and J82 cells also invaded further distances into the Matrigel®-only channel compared to the RT4 cells (p < 0.001). The cell phenotype within the model was maintained as assessed by cell morphology and immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin. Treatment with ATN-161, an α5β1 integrin inhibitor and well-known migrastatic drug, caused a dose-dependent decrease in the invasiveness of the J82 cells (p < 0.01). The combined data demonstrate that our bladder cancer-on-a-chip model supports the retention of the bladder cancer cell phenotype and can be used to reproducibly assess and quantify the invasiveness of live bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth L. Vinall
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (D.J.E.); (N.V.); (S.M.M.); (T.S.); (F.A.)
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Williams AH, Hebert AM, Boehm RC, Huddleston ME, Jenkins MR, Velev OD, Nelson MT. Bioscaffold Stiffness Mediates Aerosolized Nanoparticle Uptake in Lung Epithelial Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50643-50656. [PMID: 34668373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, highly porous, ultrasoft polymeric mats mimicking human tissues were formed from novel polyurethane soft dendritic colloids (PU SDCs). PU SDCs have a unique fibrillar morphology controlled by antisolvent precipitation. When filtered from suspension, PU SDCs form mechanically robust nonwoven mats. The stiffness of the SDC mats can be tuned for physiological relevance. The unique physiochemical characteristics of the PU SDC particles dictate the mechanical properties resulting in tunable elastic moduli ranging from 200 to 800 kPa. The human lung A549 cells cultured on both stiff and soft PU SDC membranes were found to be viable, capable of supporting the air-liquid interface (ALI) cell culture, and maintained barrier integrity. Furthermore, A549 cellular viability and uptake efficiency of aerosolized tannic acid-coated gold nanoparticles (Ta-Au) was found to depend on elastic modulus and culture conditions. Ta-Au nanoparticle uptake was twofold and fourfold greater on soft PU SDCs, when cultured at submerged and ALI conditions, respectively. The significant increase in endocytosed Ta-Au resulted in a 20% decrease in viability, and a 4-fold increase in IL-8 cytokine secretion when cultured on soft PU SDCs at ALI. Common tissue culture materials exhibit super-physiological elastic moduli, a factor found to be critical in analyzing nanomaterial cellular interactions and biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin H Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Adrien M Hebert
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Robert C Boehm
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Mary E Huddleston
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Meghan R Jenkins
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - M Tyler Nelson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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Yaqub N, Wayne G, Birchall M, Song W. Recent advances in human respiratory epithelium models for drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107832. [PMID: 34481894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, presently the third leading cause of death worldwide with a projected economic burden of £1.7 trillion by 2030. Preclinical studies of respiratory physiology have almost exclusively utilised non-humanised animal models, alongside reductionistic cell line-based models, and primary epithelial cell models cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite their utility, these model systems have been limited by their poor correlation to the human condition. This has undermined the ability to identify novel therapeutics, evidenced by a 15% chance of success for medicinal respiratory compounds entering clinical trials in 2018. Consequently, preclinical studies require new translational efficacy models to address the problem of respiratory drug attrition. This review describes the utility of the current in vivo (rodent), ex vivo (isolated perfused lungs and precision cut lung slices), two-dimensional in vitro cell-line (A549, BEAS-2B, Calu-3) and three-dimensional in vitro ALI (gold-standard and co-culture) and organoid respiratory epithelium models. The limitations to the application of these model systems in drug discovery research are discussed, in addition to perspectives of the future innovations required to facilitate the next generation of human-relevant respiratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheem Yaqub
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Novel Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Bennet TJ, Randhawa A, Hua J, Cheung KC. Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1602. [PMID: 34206722 PMCID: PMC8304815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are affected by illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Physiologically relevant models for respiratory conditions will be essential for new drug development. The composition and structure of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in the function of the lung tissue and cells. Lung-on-chip models have been developed to address some of the limitations of current two-dimensional in vitro models. In this review, we describe various ECM substitutes utilized for modeling the respiratory system. We explore the application of lung-on-chip models to the study of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities related to model characterization with an emphasis on in situ characterization methods, both established and emerging. We discuss how further advancements in the field, through the incorporation of interstitial cells and ECM, have the potential to provide an effective tool for interrogating lung biology and disease, especially the mechanisms that involve the interstitial elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Bennet
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Avineet Randhawa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jessica Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Griffiths NM, Van der Meeren A, Angulo JF, Vincent-Naulleau S. Research on the Radiotoxicology of Plutonium Using Animals: Consideration of the 3Rs-Replace, Reduce, Refine. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:133-140. [PMID: 32301862 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the health effects of incorporated plutonium, many experiments have been conducted using different animal models. These range from (1) applied (tissue uptake/retention determination, decorporation therapy efficacy), (2) fundamental (gene expression, cancer induction), and (3) dosimetry models. In recent years, the use of animals for scientific purposes has become a public concern. The application of the 3Rs - Replace (use of alternative methods or animals not considered capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress), Reduce (reduction in animal numbers), and Refine (better animal welfare and minimization of suffering, pain and distress) - has increased to address ethical concerns and legislative requirements. The introduction of novel non-animal technologies is also an important factor as complementary options to animal experimentation. In radiotoxicology research, it seems there is a natural tendency to Replace given the possibility of data reuse obtained from contamination cases in man and animal studies. The creation of "registries" and "repositories" for nuclear industry workers (civil and military) is now a rich legacy for radiotoxicological measurements. Similarly, Reduction in animal numbers can be achieved by good experimental planning with prior statistical analyses of animal numbers required to obtain robust data. Multiple measurements in the same animal over time (external body counting, excreta collection) with appropriate detection instruments also allow Reduction. In terms of Refinement, this has become "de rigueur" and a necessity given the societal and legal concerns for animal welfare. For research in radiotoxicology, particularly long-term studies, better housing conditions within the constraints of radiation protection issues for research workers are an important concern. These are all pertinent considerations for the 3Rs remit and future research in radiotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Griffiths
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 ARPAJON, France
| | - Anne Van der Meeren
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 ARPAJON, France
| | - Jaime F Angulo
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 ARPAJON, France
| | - Silvia Vincent-Naulleau
- Bureau des Etudes Biomédicales chez l'Animal, CEA/DRF/D3P/BEBA, 92260 FONTENAY-aux-ROSES, France
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Krewski D, Andersen ME, Tyshenko MG, Krishnan K, Hartung T, Boekelheide K, Wambaugh JF, Jones D, Whelan M, Thomas R, Yauk C, Barton-Maclaren T, Cote I. Toxicity testing in the 21st century: progress in the past decade and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gao S, Barello S, Chen L, Chen C, Che G, Cai K, Crisci R, D'Andrilli A, Droghetti A, Fu X, Ferrari PA, Fernando HC, Ge D, Graffigna G, Huang Y, Hu J, Jiao W, Jiang G, Li X, Li H, Li S, Liu L, Ma H, Ma D, Martinez G, Maurizi G, Phan K, Qiao K, Refai M, Rendina EA, Shao G, Shen J, Tian H, Voltolini L, Vannucci J, Vanni C, Wu Q, Xu S, Yu F, Zhao S, Zhang P, Zhang L, Zhi X, Zhu C, Ng C, Sihoe ADL, Ho AMH. Clinical guidelines on perioperative management strategies for enhanced recovery after lung surgery. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:1174-1187. [PMID: 32010595 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Serena Barello
- Department of Psychology, EngageMinds Hub Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Roberto Crisci
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of L'Aquila, Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Andrilli
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Droghetti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Paolo Albino Ferrari
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, A. Businco Cancer Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hiran C Fernando
- Inova Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guendalina Graffigna
- Department of Psychology, EngageMinds Hub Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Research Institute of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215006, China
| | - Dongchun Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Guillermo Martinez
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulio Maurizi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin Phan
- Collaborative Research (CORE) Group, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Majed Refai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erino A Rendina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guoguang Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Vanni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shidong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjing General Hospital of Tianjing Medical University, Tianjing 300052, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiuyi Zhi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chengchu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Calvin Ng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Anthony M H Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Provencher S, Archer SL, Ramirez FD, Hibbert B, Paulin R, Boucherat O, Lacasse Y, Bonnet S. Standards and Methodological Rigor in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Preclinical and Translational Research. Circ Res 2019; 122:1021-1032. [PMID: 29599278 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), significant therapeutic gaps remain for this devastating disease. Yet, few innovative therapies beyond the traditional pathways of endothelial dysfunction have reached clinical trial phases in PAH. Although there are inherent limitations of the currently available models of PAH, the leaky pipeline of innovative therapies relates, in part, to flawed preclinical research methodology, including lack of rigour in trial design, incomplete invasive hemodynamic assessment, and lack of careful translational studies that replicate randomized controlled trials in humans with attention to adverse effects and benefits. Rigorous methodology should include the use of prespecified eligibility criteria, sample sizes that permit valid statistical analysis, randomization, blinded assessment of standardized outcomes, and transparent reporting of results. Better design and implementation of preclinical studies can minimize inherent flaws in the models of PAH, reduce the risk of bias, and enhance external validity and our ability to distinguish truly promising therapies form many false-positive or overstated leads. Ideally, preclinical studies should use advanced imaging, study several preclinical pulmonary hypertension models, or correlate rodent and human findings and consider the fate of the right ventricle, which is the major determinant of prognosis in human PAH. Although these principles are widely endorsed, empirical evidence suggests that such rigor is often lacking in pulmonary hypertension preclinical research. The present article discusses the pitfalls in the design of preclinical pulmonary hypertension trials and discusses opportunities to create preclinical trials with improved predictive value in guiding early-phase drug development in patients with PAH, which will need support not only from researchers, peer reviewers, and editors but also from academic institutions, funding agencies, and animal ethics authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Provencher
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Daniel Ramirez
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves Lacasse
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., S.B.), Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Research Center (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), and Department of Medicine (S.P., R.P., O.B., Y.L., S.B.), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada (S.L.A.); Division of Cardiology (F.D.R., B.H.), CAPITAL Research Group (F.D.R., B.H.), and Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory (B.H.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (B.H.) and School of Epidemiology and Public Health (F.D.R.) University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kabadi PK, Rodd AL, Simmons AE, Messier NJ, Hurt RH, Kane AB. A novel human 3D lung microtissue model for nanoparticle-induced cell-matrix alterations. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 30943996 PMCID: PMC6448215 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been shown to elicit the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, as well as histopathological changes in lungs of exposed animals. Current standards for testing MWCNTs and other nanoparticles (NPs) rely on low-throughput in vivo studies to assess acute and chronic toxicity and potential hazard to humans. Several alternative testing approaches utilizing two-dimensional (2D) in vitro assays to screen engineered NPs have reported conflicting results between in vitro and in vivo assays. Compared to conventional 2D in vitro or in vivo animal model systems, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro platforms have been shown to more closely recapitulate human physiology, providing a relevant, more efficient strategy for evaluating acute toxicity and chronic outcomes in a tiered nanomaterial toxicity testing paradigm. RESULTS As inhalation is an important route of nanomaterial exposure, human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured with macrophages to form scaffold-free 3D lung microtissues. Microtissues were exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes, M120 carbon black nanoparticles or crocidolite asbestos fibers for 4 or 7 days, then collected for characterization of microtissue viability, tissue morphology, and expression of genes and selected proteins associated with inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Our data demonstrate the utility of 3D microtissues in predicting chronic pulmonary endpoints following exposure to MWCNTs or asbestos fibers. These test nanomaterials were incorporated into 3D human lung microtissues as visualized using light microscopy. Differential expression of genes involved in acute inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling was detected using PCR arrays and confirmed using qRT-PCR analysis and Luminex assays of selected genes and proteins. CONCLUSION 3D lung microtissues provide an alternative testing platform for assessing nanomaterial-induced cell-matrix alterations and delineation of toxicity pathways, moving towards a more predictive and physiologically relevant approach for in vitro NP toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita K Kabadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.,AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - April L Rodd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Norma J Messier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
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10
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Kane AB, Hurt RH, Gao H. The asbestos-carbon nanotube analogy: An update. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:68-80. [PMID: 29960000 PMCID: PMC6298811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging industry based on commercialization of materials with one or more dimensions of 100 nm or less. Engineered nanomaterials are currently incorporated into thin films, porous materials, liquid suspensions, or filler/matrix nanocomposites with future applications predicted in energy and catalysis, microelectronics, environmental sensing and remediation, and nanomedicine. Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional fibrous nanomaterials that physically resemble asbestos fibers. Toxicologic studies in rodents demonstrated that some types of carbon nanotubes can induce mesothelioma, and the World Health Organization evaluated long, rigid multiwall carbon nanotubes as possibly carcinogenic for humans in 2014. This review summarizes key physicochemical similarities and differences between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. The "fiber pathogenicity paradigm" has been extended to include carbon nanotubes as well as other high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials including metallic nanowires. This paradigm identifies width, length, and biopersistence of high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials as critical determinants of lung disease, including mesothelioma, following inhalation. Based on recent theoretical modeling studies, a fourth factor, mechanical bending stiffness, will be considered as predictive of potential carcinogenicity. Novel three-dimensional lung tissue platforms provide an opportunity for in vitro screening of a wide range of high aspect ratio fibrous nanomaterials for potential lung toxicity prior to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States
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11
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Lee J. A review of asthma and immunololgic mathematical models. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2017.5.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junehyuk Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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12
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Ekins S, Diaz N, Chung J, Mathews P, McMurtray A. Enabling Anyone to Translate Clinically Relevant Ideas to Therapies. Pharm Res 2016; 34:1-6. [PMID: 27620174 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
How do we inspire new ideas that could lead to potential treatments for rare or neglected diseases, and allow for serendipity that could help to catalyze them? How many potentially good ideas are lost because they are never tested? What if those ideas could have lead to new therapeutic approaches and major healthcare advances? If a clinician or anyone for that matter, has a new idea they want to test to develop a molecule or therapeutic that they could translate to the clinic, how would they do it without a laboratory or funding? These are not idle theoretical questions but addressing them could have potentially huge economic implications for nations. If we fail to capture the diversity of ideas and test them we may also lose out on the next blockbuster treatments. Many of those involved in the process of ideation may be discouraged and simply not know where to go. We try to address these questions and describe how there are options to raising funding, how even small scale investments can foster preclinical or clinical translation, and how there are several approaches to outsourcing the experiments, whether to collaborators or commercial enterprises. While these are not new or far from complete solutions, they are first steps that can be taken by virtually anyone while we work on other solutions to build a more concrete structure for the "idea-hypothesis testing-proof of concept-translation-breakthrough pathway".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 5616 Hilltop Needmore Road, Fuquay-Varina, Noth Carolina, 27526, USA.
- Phoenix Nest, Inc., P.O. BOX 150057, Brooklyn, New York, 11215, USA.
| | - Natalie Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90509, USA
| | - Julia Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90509, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Paul Mathews
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Aaron McMurtray
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California, 90502, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, 90509, USA
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Prakash YS, Tschumperlin DJ, Stenmark KR. Coming to terms with tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L625-38. [PMID: 26254424 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00204.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as emphysema, interstitial fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality, but despite substantial mechanistic understanding, clinical management options for them are limited, with lung transplantation being implemented at end stages. However, limited donor lung availability, graft rejection, and long-term problems after transplantation are major hurdles to lung transplantation being a panacea. Bioengineering the lung is an exciting and emerging solution that has the ultimate aim of generating lung tissues and organs for transplantation. In this article we capture and review the current state of the art in lung bioengineering, from the multimodal approaches, to creating anatomically appropriate lung scaffolds that can be recellularized to eventually yield functioning, transplant-ready lungs. Strategies for decellularizing mammalian lungs to create scaffolds with native extracellular matrix components vs. de novo generation of scaffolds using biocompatible materials are discussed. Strengths vs. limitations of recellularization using different cell types of various pluripotency such as embryonic, mesenchymal, and induced pluripotent stem cells are highlighted. Current hurdles to guide future research toward achieving the clinical goal of transplantation of a bioengineered lung are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Matalon S. A critical review of the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology: 2012-2015. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L911-6. [PMID: 25381028 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00330.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
I have had the privilege of serving as Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology from 1/1/2012 to 1/1/2015 and have been reappointed for another 3-year term. When I took over as editor, I published an editorial in AJP-Lung in which I highlighted my vision and outlined the tasks to be accomplished to transform AJP-Lung into "The best place to publish basic, translational, and hypothesis-driven clinical lung research." Herein I review our accomplishments during the first term. As promised, we review each article submitted to this journal and our reviews always help the quality and impact of every paper. We recognized the contributions of junior authors by establishing a number of awards and increased the visibility of AJP-Lung by establishing Facebook and Blog electronic pages and sponsoring symposia in scientific meetings. Our impact factor increased from 3.523 in 2011 to 4.041 in 2012 and, thanks to our calls for papers, we are receiving large numbers of high-quality papers in all aspects of pulmonary cell biology and lung diseases. The best is yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Nahar K, Gupta N, Gauvin R, Absar S, Patel B, Gupta V, Khademhosseini A, Ahsan F. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models for studying particle deposition and drug absorption of inhaled pharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:805-18. [PMID: 23797056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic agents via the pulmonary route has gained significant attention over the past few decades because this route of administration offers multiple advantages over traditional routes that include localized action, non-invasive nature and favorable lung-to-plasma ratio. However, assessment of post administration behavior of inhaled pharmaceuticals-such as deposition of particles over the respiratory airways, interaction with the respiratory fluid and movement across the air-blood barrier-is challenging because the lung is a very complex organs that is composed of airways with thousands of bifurcations with variable diameters. Thus, much effort has been put forward to develop models that mimic human lungs and allow evaluation of various pharmaceutical and physiological factors that influence the deposition and absorption profiles of inhaled formulations. In this review, we sought to discuss in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models that have been extensively used to study the behaviors of airborne particles in the lungs and determine the absorption of drugs after pulmonary administration. We have provided a summary of lung cast models, cascade impactors, noninvasive imaging, intact animals, cell culture and isolated perfused lung models as tools to evaluate the distribution and absorption of inhaled particles. We have also outlined the limitations of currently used models and proposed future studies to enhance the reproducibility of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Abstract
Asthma has a high prevalence worldwide, and contributes significantly to the socioeconomic burden. According to a classical paradigm, asthma symptoms are attributable to an allergic, Th2-driven airway inflammation that causes airway hyperresponsiveness and results in reversible airway obstruction. Diagnosis and therapy are based mainly on these pathophysiologic concepts. However, these have increasingly been challenged by findings of recent studies, and the frequently observed failure in controlling asthma symptoms. Important recent findings are the protective "farm effect" in children, the possible prenatal mechanisms of this protection, the recognition of many different asthma phenotypes in children and adults, and the partly disappointing clinical effects of new targeted therapeutic approaches. Systems biology approaches may lead to a more comprehensive view of asthma pathophysiology and a higher success rate of new therapies. Systems biology integrates clinical and experimental data by means of bioinformatics and mathematical modeling. In general, the "-omics" approach, and the "mathematical modeling" approach can be described. Recently, several consortia have been attempting to bring together clinical and molecular data from large asthma cohorts, using novel experimental setups, biostatistics, bioinformatics, and mathematical modeling. This "systems medicine" approach to asthma will help address the different asthma phenotypes with adequate therapy and possibly preventive strategies.
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