1
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Lin B, Shah VS, Chernoff C, Sun J, Shipkovenska GG, Vinarsky V, Waghray A, Xu J, Leduc AD, Hintschich CA, Surve MV, Xu Y, Capen DE, Villoria J, Dou Z, Hariri LP, Rajagopal J. Airway hillocks are injury-resistant reservoirs of unique plastic stem cells. Nature 2024; 629:869-877. [PMID: 38693267 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Airway hillocks are stratified epithelial structures of unknown function1. Hillocks persist for months and have a unique population of basal stem cells that express genes associated with barrier function and cell adhesion. Hillock basal stem cells continually replenish overlying squamous barrier cells. They exhibit dramatically higher turnover than the abundant, largely quiescent classic pseudostratified airway epithelium. Hillocks resist a remarkably broad spectrum of injuries, including toxins, infection, acid and physical injury because hillock squamous cells shield underlying hillock basal stem cells from injury. Hillock basal stem cells are capable of massive clonal expansion that is sufficient to resurface denuded airway, and eventually regenerate normal airway epithelium with each of its six component cell types. Hillock basal stem cells preferentially stratify and keratinize in the setting of retinoic acid signalling inhibition, a known cause of squamous metaplasia2,3. Here we show that mouse hillock expansion is the cause of vitamin A deficiency-induced squamous metaplasia. Finally, we identify human hillocks whose basal stem cells generate functional squamous barrier structures in culture. The existence of hillocks reframes our understanding of airway epithelial regeneration. Furthermore, we show that hillocks are one origin of 'squamous metaplasia', which is long thought to be a precursor of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Viral S Shah
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaim Chernoff
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gergana G Shipkovenska
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew D Leduc
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constantin A Hintschich
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manalee Vishnu Surve
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Capen
- Program in Membrane Biology and Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Villoria
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Rouhani MJ, Janes SM, Kim CF. Epithelial stem and progenitor cells of the upper airway. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203905. [PMID: 38355015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The upper airway acts as a conduit for the passage of air to the respiratory system and is implicated in several chronic diseases. Whilst the cell biology of the distal respiratory system has been described in great detail, less is known about the proximal upper airway. In this review, we describe the relevant anatomy of the upper airway and discuss the literature detailing the identification and roles of the progenitor cells of these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral J Rouhani
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Wu M, Zhang X, Tu Y, Cheng W, Zeng Y. Culture and expansion of murine proximal airway basal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:26. [PMID: 38287366 PMCID: PMC10826159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem cell characteristic makes basal cells desirable for ex vivo modeling of airway diseases. However, to date, approaches allowing them extensively in vitro serial expansion and maintaining bona fide stem cell property are still awaiting to be established. This study aims to develop a feeder-free culture system of mouse airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) that sustain their stem cell potential in vitro, providing an experimental basis for further in-depth research and mechanism exploration. METHODS We used ROCK inhibitor Y-27632-containing 3T3-CM, MEF-CM, and RbEF-CM to determine the proper feeder-free culture system that could maintain in vitro stem cell morphology of mouse ABSCs. Immunocytofluorescence was used to identify the basal cell markers of obtained cells. Serial propagation was carried out to observe whether the stem cell morphology and basal cell markers could be preserved in this cultivation system. Next, we examined the in vitro expansion and self-renewal ability by evaluating population doubling time and colony-forming efficiency. Moreover, the differentiation potential was detected by an in vitro differentiation culture and a 3D tracheosphere assay. RESULTS When the mouse ABSCs were cultured using 3T3-CM containing ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in combination with Matrigel-coated culture dishes, they could stably expand and maintain stem cell-like clones. We confirmed that the obtained clones comprised p63/Krt5 double-positive ABSCs. In continuous passage and maintenance culture, we found that it could be subculture to at least 15 passages in vitro, stably maintaining its stem cell morphology, basal cell markers, and in vitro expansion and self-renewal capabilities. Meanwhile, through in vitro differentiation culture and 3D tracheosphere culture, we found that in addition to maintaining self-renewal, mouse ABSCs could differentiate into other airway epithelial cells such as acetylated tubulin (Act-Tub) + ciliated and MUC5AC + mucus-secreting cells. However, they failed to differentiate into alveoli epithelial cells, including alveolar type I and alveolar type II. CONCLUSION We established an in vitro feeder-free culture system that allows mouse ABSCs to maintain their stem cell characteristics, including self-renewal and airway epithelium differentiation potential, while keeping up in vitro expansion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Tu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Ma L, Thapa BR, Le Suer JA, Tilston-Lünel A, Herriges MJ, Berical A, Beermann ML, Wang F, Bawa PS, Kohn A, Ysasi AB, Kiyokawa H, Matte TM, Randell SH, Varelas X, Hawkins FJ, Kotton DN. Airway stem cell reconstitution by the transplantation of primary or pluripotent stem cell-derived basal cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1199-1216.e7. [PMID: 37625411 PMCID: PMC10528754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Life-long reconstitution of a tissue's resident stem cell compartment with engrafted cells has the potential to durably replenish organ function. Here, we demonstrate the engraftment of the airway epithelial stem cell compartment via intra-airway transplantation of mouse or human primary and pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived airway basal cells (BCs). Murine primary or PSC-derived BCs transplanted into polidocanol-injured syngeneic recipients give rise for at least two years to progeny that stably display the morphologic, molecular, and functional phenotypes of airway epithelia. The engrafted basal-like cells retain extensive self-renewal potential, evident by the capacity to reconstitute the tracheal epithelium through seven generations of secondary transplantation. Using the same approach, human primary or PSC-derived BCs transplanted into NOD scid gamma (NSG) recipient mice similarly display multilineage airway epithelial differentiation in vivo. Our results may provide a step toward potential future syngeneic cell-based therapy for patients with diseases resulting from airway epithelial cell damage or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bibek R Thapa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jake A Le Suer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew Tilston-Lünel
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael J Herriges
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mary Lou Beermann
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pushpinder S Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anat Kohn
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexandra B Ysasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor M Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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5
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Cooney RA, Saal ML, Geraci KP, Maynard C, Cleaver O, Hoang ON, Moore TT, Hwang RF, Axelrod JD, Vladar EK. A WNT4- and DKK3-driven canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling switch controls multiciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260807. [PMID: 37505110 PMCID: PMC10482387 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells contain hundreds of cilia whose directional movement powers the mucociliary clearance of the airways, a vital host defense mechanism. Multiciliated cell specification requires canonical Wnt signaling, which then must be turned off. Next, ciliogenesis and polarized ciliary orientation are regulated by noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling. The mechanistic relationship between the Wnt pathways is unknown. We show that DKK3, a secreted canonical Wnt regulator and WNT4, a noncanonical Wnt ligand act together to facilitate a canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling switch during multiciliated cell formation. In primary human airway epithelial cells, DKK3 and WNT4 CRISPR knockout blocks, whereas ectopic expression promotes, multiciliated cell formation by inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt4 and Dkk3 single-knockout mice also display defective ciliated cells. DKK3 and WNT4 are co-secreted from basal stem cells and act directly on multiciliated cells via KREMEN1 and FZD6, respectively. We provide a novel mechanism that links specification to cilium biogenesis and polarization for proper multiciliated cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A. Cooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maxwell L. Saal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kara P. Geraci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Caitlin Maynard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Oanh N. Hoang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Todd T. Moore
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosa F. Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Eszter K. Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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6
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Marega M, El-Merhie N, Gökyildirim MY, Orth V, Bellusci S, Chao CM. Stem/Progenitor Cells and Related Therapy in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11229. [PMID: 37446407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease commonly seen in preterm infants, and is triggered by infection, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen toxicity. Among other problems, lifelong limitations in lung function and impaired psychomotor development may result. Despite major advances in understanding the disease pathologies, successful interventions are still limited to only a few drug therapies with a restricted therapeutic benefit, and which sometimes have significant side effects. As a more promising therapeutic option, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been in focus for several years due to their anti-inflammatory effects and their secretion of growth and development promoting factors. Preclinical studies provide evidence in that MSCs have the potential to contribute to the repair of lung injuries. This review provides an overview of MSCs, and other stem/progenitor cells present in the lung, their identifying characteristics, and their differentiation potential, including cytokine/growth factor involvement. Furthermore, animal studies and clinical trials using stem cells or their secretome are reviewed. To bring MSC-based therapeutic options further to clinical use, standardized protocols are needed, and upcoming side effects must be critically evaluated. To fill these gaps of knowledge, the MSCs' behavior and the effects of their secretome have to be examined in more (pre-) clinical studies, from which only few have been designed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Marega
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mira Y Gökyildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Valerie Orth
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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7
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Blackburn JB, Li NF, Bartlett NW, Richmond BW. An update in club cell biology and its potential relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L652-L665. [PMID: 36942863 PMCID: PMC10110710 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00192.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Club cells are found in human small airways where they play an important role in immune defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and repair after injury. Over the past few years, data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies has generated new insights into club cell heterogeneity and function. In this review, we integrate findings from scRNA-seq experiments with earlier in vitro, in vivo, and microscopy studies and highlight the many ways club cells contribute to airway homeostasis. We then discuss evidence for loss of club cells or club cell products in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discuss potential mechanisms through which this might occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ngan Fung Li
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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8
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A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065603. [PMID: 36982676 PMCID: PMC10052683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament-forming proteins highly specific to epithelial cells. A combination of expressed keratin genes is a defining property of the epithelium belonging to a certain type, organ/tissue, cell differentiation potential, and at normal or pathological conditions. In a variety of processes such as differentiation and maturation, as well as during acute or chronic injury and malignant transformation, keratin expression undergoes switching: an initial keratin profile changes accordingly to changed cell functions and location within a tissue as well as other parameters of cellular phenotype and physiology. Tight control of keratin expression implies the presence of complex regulatory landscapes within the keratin gene loci. Here, we highlight patterns of keratin expression in different biological conditions and summarize disparate data on mechanisms controlling keratin expression at the level of genomic regulatory elements, transcription factors (TFs), and chromatin spatial structure.
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9
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Venuto S, Coda ARD, González-Pérez R, Laselva O, Tolomeo D, Storlazzi CT, Liso A, Conese M. IGFBP-6 Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases and Lung Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054804. [PMID: 36902237 PMCID: PMC10003725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is an accomplished organ for gas exchanges and directly faces the external environment, consequently exposing its large epithelial surface. It is also the putative determinant organ for inducing potent immune responses, holding both innate and adaptive immune cells. The maintenance of lung homeostasis requires a crucial balance between inflammation and anti-inflammation factors, and perturbations of this stability are frequently associated with progressive and fatal respiratory diseases. Several data demonstrate the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) in pulmonary growth, as they are specifically expressed in different lung compartments. As we will discuss extensively in the text, IGFs and IGFBPs are implicated in normal pulmonary development but also in the pathogenesis of various airway diseases and lung tumors. Among the known IGFBPs, IGFBP-6 shows an emerging role as a mediator of airway inflammation and tumor-suppressing activity in different lung tumors. In this review, we assess the current state of IGFBP-6's multiple roles in respiratory diseases, focusing on its function in the inflammation and fibrosis in respiratory tissues, together with its role in controlling different types of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Venuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Ruperto González-Pérez
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Doron Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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10
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Liu D, Xu C, Jiang L, Zhu X. Pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell subpopulation: Physiology, pathogenesis, and progress. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:38-51. [PMID: 36789358 PMCID: PMC9924023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lungs are structurally and functionally complex organs consisting of diverse cell types from the proximal to distal axis. They have direct contact with the external environment and are constantly at risk of various injuries. Capable to proliferate and differentiate, pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cells contribute to the maintenance of lung structure and function both under homeostasis and following injuries. Discovering candidate pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell types and underlying regenerative mechanisms provide insights into therapeutic strategy development for lung diseases. In this review, we reveal their compositions, roles in lung disease pathogenesis and injury repair, and the underlying mechanisms. We further underline the advanced progress in research approach and potential therapy for lung regeneration. We also demonstrate the feasibility and prospects of pulmonary endogenous stem cell transplantation for lung disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chufan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Kelly NA, Shontz KM, Bergman M, Manning AM, Reynolds SD, Chiang T. Biobanked tracheal basal cells retain the capacity to differentiate. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:2119-2125. [PMID: 36544928 PMCID: PMC9764751 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective While airway epithelial biorepositories have established roles in the study of bronchial progenitor stem (basal) cells, the utility of a bank of tracheal basal cells from pediatric patients, who have or are suspected of having an airway disease, has not been established. In vitro study of these cells can enhance options for tracheal restoration, graft design, and disease modeling. Development of a functional epithelium in these settings is a key measure. The aim of this study was the creation a tracheal basal cell biorepository and assessment of recovered cells. Methods Pediatric patients undergoing bronchoscopy were identified and endotracheal brush (N = 29) biopsies were collected. Cells were cultured using the modified conditional reprogramming culture (mCRC) method. Samples producing colonies by day 14 were passaged and cryopreserved. To explore differentiation potential, cells were thawed and differentiated using the air-liquid interface (ALI) method. Results No adverse events were associated with biopsy collection. Of 29 brush biopsies, 16 (55%) were successfully cultured to passage 1/cryopreserved. Samples with higher initial cell yields were more likely to achieve this benchmark. Ten unique donors were then thawed for analysis of differentiation. The average age was 2.2 ± 2.2 years with five donors (50%) having laryngotracheal pathology. Nine donors (90%) demonstrated differentiation capacity at 21 days of culture, as indicated by detection of ciliated cells (ACT+) and mucous cells (MUC5B+). Conclusion Pediatric tracheal basal cells can be successfully collected and cryopreserved. Recovered cells retain the ability to differentiate into epithelial cell types in vitro. Level of Evidence Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Kelly
- Department of OtolaryngologyNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kimberly M. Shontz
- Center for Regenerative MedicineAbigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Maxwell Bergman
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Amy M. Manning
- Department of OtolaryngologyNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Susan D. Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal MedicineAbigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Department of OtolaryngologyNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Center for Regenerative MedicineAbigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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13
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Sui H, Xu X, Su Y, Gong Z, Yao M, Liu X, Zhang T, Jiang Z, Bai T, Wang J, Zhang J, Xu C, Luo M. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: Challenges and prospects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015926. [PMID: 36304167 PMCID: PMC9592762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutations in a single gene encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF effects multiple organs, and lung disease is the primary cause of mortality. The median age at death from CF is in the early forties. CF was one of the first diseases to be considered for gene therapy, and efforts focused on treating CF lung disease began shortly after the CFTR gene was identified in 1989. However, despite the quickly established proof-of-concept for CFTR gene transfer in vitro and in clinical trials in 1990s, to date, 36 CF gene therapy clinical trials involving ∼600 patients with CF have yet to achieve their desired outcomes. The long journey to pursue gene therapy as a cure for CF encountered more difficulties than originally anticipated, but immense progress has been made in the past decade in the developments of next generation airway transduction viral vectors and CF animal models that reproduced human CF disease phenotypes. In this review, we look back at the history for the lessons learned from previous clinical trials and summarize the recent advances in the research for CF gene therapy, including the emerging CRISPR-based gene editing strategies. We also discuss the airway transduction vectors, large animal CF models, the complexity of CF pathogenesis and heterogeneity of CFTR expression in airway epithelium, which are the major challenges to the implementation of a successful CF gene therapy, and highlight the future opportunities and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoqing Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minhua Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyao Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianhao Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Junzuo Wang
- The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Changlong Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People’s Hospital, Nanning, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
| | - Mingjiu Luo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongshu Sui, ; Changlong Xu, ; Mingjiu Luo,
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14
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Eenjes E, Tibboel D, Wijnen RM, Rottier RJ. Lung epithelium development and airway regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022457. [PMID: 36299482 PMCID: PMC9589436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is composed of a highly branched airway structure, which humidifies and warms the inhaled air before entering the alveolar compartment. In the alveoli, a thin layer of epithelium is in close proximity with the capillary endothelium, allowing for an efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. During development proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells generates the lung architecture, and in the adult lung a proper function of progenitor cells is needed to regenerate after injury. Malfunctioning of progenitors during development results in various congenital lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation (CPAM). In addition, many premature neonates experience continuous insults on the lung caused by artificial ventilation and supplemental oxygen, which requires a highly controlled mechanism of airway repair. Malfunctioning of airway progenitors during regeneration can result in reduction of respiratory function or (chronic) airway diseases. Pathways that are active during development are frequently re-activated upon damage. Understanding the basic mechanisms of lung development and the behavior of progenitor cell in the ontogeny and regeneration of the lung may help to better understand the underlying cause of lung diseases, especially those occurring in prenatal development or in the immediate postnatal period of life. This review provides an overview of lung development and the cell types involved in repair of lung damage with a focus on the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rene M.H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Robbert J. Rottier,
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15
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An anti-influenza combined therapy assessed by single cell RNA-sequencing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1075. [PMID: 36216966 PMCID: PMC9549038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza makes millions of people ill every year, placing a large burden on the healthcare system and the economy. To develop a treatment against influenza, we combined virucidal sialylated cyclodextrins with interferon lambda and demonstrated, in human airway epithelia, that the two compounds inhibit the replication of a clinical H1N1 strain more efficiently when administered together rather than alone. We investigated the mechanism of action of the combined treatment by single cell RNA-sequencing analysis and found that both the single and combined treatments impair viral replication to different extents across distinct epithelial cell types. We showed that each cell type comprises multiple sub-types, whose proportions are altered by H1N1 infection, and assessed the ability of the treatments to restore them. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study investigating the effectiveness of an antiviral therapy against influenza virus by single cell transcriptomic studies. When combined with interferon lambda, virucidal sialylated cyclodextrins inhibit the replication of a clinical H1N1 influenza strain in ex vivo human airway epithelia more efficiently than when delivered alone.
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16
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Yan Z, Vorhies K, Feng Z, Park SY, Choi SH, Zhang Y, Winter M, Sun X, Engelhardt JF. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Editing of the G551D Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Mutation in Ferret Airway Basal Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1023-1036. [PMID: 35686451 PMCID: PMC9595624 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic disease that affects multiple organs, including the lung. We developed a CF ferret model of a scarless G551→D substitution in CFTR (CFTRG551D-KI), enabling approaches to correct this gating mutation in CF airways via gene editing. Homology-directed repair (HDR) was tested in Cas9-expressing CF airway basal cells (Cas9-GKI) from this model, as well as reporter basal cells (Y66S-Cas9-GKI) that express an integrated nonfluorescent Y66S-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) mutant gene to facilitate rapid assessment of HDR by the restoration of fluorescence. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors were used to deliver two DNA templates and sgRNAs for dual-gene editing at the EGFP and CFTR genes, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of EGFPY66S-corrected cells. When gene-edited airway basal cells were polarized at an air-liquid interface, unsorted and EGFPY66S-corrected sorted populations gave rise to 26.0% and 70.4% CFTR-mediated Cl- transport of that observed in non-CF cultures, respectively. The consequences of gene editing at the CFTRG551D locus by HDR and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) were assessed by targeted gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) against a specific amplicon. NGS revealed HDR corrections of 3.1% of G551 sequences in the unsorted population of rAAV-infected cells, and 18.4% in the EGFPY66S-corrected cells. However, the largest proportion of sequences had indels surrounding the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) cut site, demonstrating that NHEJ was the dominant repair pathway. This approach to simultaneously coedit at two genomic loci using rAAV may have utility as a model system for optimizing gene-editing efficiencies in proliferating airway basal cells through the modulation of DNA repair pathways in favor of HDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kai Vorhies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Zehua Feng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soon H. Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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17
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Zhou Y, Yang Y, Guo L, Qian J, Ge J, Sinner D, Ding H, Califano A, Cardoso WV. Airway basal cells show regionally distinct potential to undergo metaplastic differentiation. eLife 2022; 11:e80083. [PMID: 36178196 PMCID: PMC9578702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cells are multipotent stem cells of a variety of organs, including the respiratory tract, where they are major components of the airway epithelium. However, it remains unclear how diverse basal cells are and how distinct subpopulations respond to airway challenges. Using single cell RNA-sequencing and functional approaches, we report a significant and previously underappreciated degree of heterogeneity in the basal cell pool, leading to identification of six subpopulations in the adult murine trachea. Among these, we found two major subpopulations, collectively comprising the most uncommitted of all the pools, but with distinct gene expression signatures. Notably, these occupy distinct ventral and dorsal tracheal niches and differ in their ability to self-renew and initiate a program of differentiation in response to environmental perturbations in primary cultures and in mouse injury models in vivo. We found that such heterogeneity is acquired prenatally, when the basal cell pool and local niches are still being established, and depends on the integrity of these niches, as supported by the altered basal cell phenotype of tracheal cartilage-deficient mouse mutants. Finally, we show that features that distinguish these progenitor subpopulations in murine airways are conserved in humans. Together, the data provide novel insights into the origin and impact of basal cell heterogeneity on the establishment of regionally distinct responses of the airway epithelium during injury-repair and in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhou
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lihao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jun Qian
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Debora Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Informatics, Medicine; JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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18
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Lee DF, Thompson CL, Baynes RE, Enomoto H, Smith GW, Chambers MA. Development and evaluation of a bovine lung-on-chip (bLOC) to study bovine respiratory diseases. IN VITRO MODELS 2022; 1:333-346. [PMID: 36660607 PMCID: PMC9383688 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Current air-liquid interface (ALI) models of bovine proximal airways have their limitations. They do not simulate blood flow necessary to mimic systemic drug administration, and repeated sampling requires multiple, independent cultures. A bovine lung-on-chip (bLOC) would overcome these limitations, providing a convenient and cost-effective model for pharmacokinetic or pathogenicity studies. Methods Bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells seeded into the endothelial channel of an Emulate Lung-Chip were interfaced with bovine bronchial epithelial cells in the epithelial channel. Cells were cultured at ALI for up to 21 days. Differentiation was assessed by mucin quantification, phase-contrast light microscopy and immunofluorescence of cell-specific markers in fixed cultures. Barrier integrity was determined by FITC-labelled dextran 3-5 kDa permeability. To evaluate the model, endothelial-epithelial transport of the antibiotic drug, danofloxacin, was followed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with the aim of replicating data previously determined in vivo. Results bLOC cultures secreted quantifiable mucins, whilst cilia formation was evident in the epithelial channel. Barrier integrity of the model was demonstrated by resistance to FITC-Dextran 3-5 kDa permeation. Bronchial epithelial and endothelial cell-specific markers were observed. Close to plasma, representative PK data for danofloxacin was observed in the endothelial channel; however, danofloxacin in the epithelial channel was mostly below the limit of quantification. Conclusion A co-culture model of the bovine proximal airway was successfully generated, with potential to replace in vivo experimentation. With further optimisation and characterisation, the bLOC may be suitable to perform drug pharmacokinetic studies for bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane F. Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Now at Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Clare L. Thompson
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Hiroko Enomoto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | - Mark A. Chambers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Lázaro S, Lorz C, Enguita AB, Seller I, Paramio JM, Santos M. Pten and p53 Loss in the Mouse Lung Causes Adenocarcinoma and Sarcomatoid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153671. [PMID: 35954335 PMCID: PMC9367331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the world leading cause of cancer death. Therefore, a better understanding of the disease is needed to improve patient survival. In this work, we have deleted the tumor suppressor genes Pten and Trp53 in adult mouse lungs to analyze its impact on tumor formation. Double mutant mice develop Adenocarcinoma and Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma, two different types of Non-Small Cell Carcinoma whose biological relationships are a matter of debate. The former is very common, with various models described and some therapeutic options. The latter is very rare with very poor prognosis, no effective treatment and lack of models reported so far. Interestingly, this study reports the first mouse model of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma available for preclinical research. Abstract Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Among the Non-Small Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC) category, Adenocarcinoma (ADC) represents the most common type, with different reported driver mutations, a bunch of models described and therapeutic options. Meanwhile, Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma (PSC) is one of the rarest, with very poor outcomes, scarce availability of patient material, no effective therapies and no models available for preclinical research. Here, we describe that the combined deletion of Pten and Trp53 in the lungs of adult conditional mice leads to the development of both ADC and PSC irrespective of the lung targeted cell type after naphthalene induced airway epithelial regeneration. Although this model shows long latency periods and incomplete penetrance for tumor development, it is the first PSC mouse model reported so far, and sheds light on the relationships between ADC and PSC and their cells of origin. Moreover, human ADC show strong transcriptomic similarities to the mouse PSC, providing a link between both tumor types and the human ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lázaro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (C.L.); (I.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (C.L.); (I.S.); (J.M.P.)
- CIBERONC—Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital “12 de Octubre” (imas12), Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Enguita
- Pathology Department, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iván Seller
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (C.L.); (I.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (C.L.); (I.S.); (J.M.P.)
- CIBERONC—Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital “12 de Octubre” (imas12), Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirentxu Santos
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (C.L.); (I.S.); (J.M.P.)
- CIBERONC—Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital “12 de Octubre” (imas12), Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hamele CE, Russell AB, Heaton NS. In Vivo Profiling of Individual Multiciliated Cells during Acute Influenza A Virus Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0050522. [PMID: 35867557 PMCID: PMC9327675 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00505-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections are thought to be initiated in a small number of cells; however, the heterogeneity across the cellular responses of the epithelial cells during establishment of disease is incompletely understood. Here, we used an H1N1 influenza virus encoding a fluorescent reporter gene, a cell lineage-labeling transgenic mouse line, and single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the range of responses in a susceptible epithelial cell population during an acute influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Focusing on multiciliated cells, we identified a subpopulation that basally expresses interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which we hypothesize may be important for the early response to infection. We subsequently found that a population of infected ciliated cells produce most of the ciliated cell-derived inflammatory cytokines, and nearly all bystander ciliated cells induce a broadly antiviral state. From these data together, we propose that variable preexisting gene expression patterns in the initial cells targeted by the virus may ultimately affect the establishment of viral disease. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus poses a significant threat to public health, and each year, millions of people in the United States alone are exposed to the virus. We do not currently, however, fully understand why some individuals clear the infection asymptomatically and others become severely ill. Understanding how these divergent phenotypes arise could eventually be leveraged to design therapeutics that prevent severe disease. As a first step toward understanding these different infection states, we used a technology that allowed us to determine how thousands of individual murine lung epithelial cells behaved before and during IAV infection. We found that small subsets of epithelial cells exhibited an antiviral state prior to infection, and similarly, some cells made high levels of inflammatory cytokines during infection. We propose that different ratios of these individual cellular responses may contribute to the broader antiviral state of the lung and may ultimately affect disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait E. Hamele
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alistair B. Russell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Senra D, Guisoni N, Diambra L. ORIGINS: a protein network-based approach to quantify cell pluripotency from scRNA-seq data. MethodsX 2022; 9:101778. [PMID: 35855951 PMCID: PMC9287638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trajectory inference is a common application of scRNA-seq data. However, it is often necessary to previously determine the origin of the trajectories, the stem or progenitor cells. In this work, we propose a computational tool to quantify pluripotency from single cell transcriptomics data. This approach uses the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network associated with the differentiation process as a scaffold and the gene expression matrix to calculate a score that we call differentiation activity. This score reflects how active the differentiation network is in each cell. We benchmark the performance of our algorithm with two previously published tools, LandSCENT (Chen et al., 2019) and CytoTRACE (Gulati et al., 2020), for four healthy human data sets: breast, colon, hematopoietic and lung. We show that our algorithm is more efficient than LandSCENT and requires less RAM memory than the other programs. We also illustrate a complete workflow from the count matrix to trajectory inference using the breast data set.ORIGINS is a methodology to quantify pluripotency from scRNA-seq data implemented as a freely available R package. ORIGINS uses the protein-protein interaction network associated with differentiation and the data set expression matrix to calculate a score (differentiation activity) that quantifies pluripotency for each cell.
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22
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Thurman AL, Li X, Villacreses R, Yu W, Gong H, Mather SE, Romano-Ibarra GS, Meyerholz DK, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ, Thornell IM, Zabner J, Pezzulo AA. A Single-Cell Atlas of Large and Small Airways at Birth in a Porcine Model of Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:612-622. [PMID: 35235762 PMCID: PMC9163647 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0499oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) affects the transcriptome, composition, and function of large and small airway epithelia in people with advanced cystic fibrosis (CF); however, whether lack of CFTR causes cell-intrinsic abnormalities present at birth versus inflammation-dependent abnormalities is unclear. We performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing census of microdissected small airways from newborn CF pigs, which recapitulate CF host defense defects and pathology over time. Lack of CFTR minimally affected the transcriptome of large and small airways at birth, suggesting that infection and inflammation drive transcriptomic abnormalities in advanced CF. Importantly, common small airway epithelial cell types expressed a markedly different transcriptome than corresponding large airway cell types. Quantitative immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology of small airway epithelia demonstrated basal cells that reach the apical surface and a water and ion transport advantage. This single cell atlas highlights the archetypal nature of airway epithelial cells with location-dependent gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute
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23
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Liao CC, Chiu CJ, Yang YH, Chiang BL. Neonatal lung-derived SSEA-1 + cells exhibited distinct stem/progenitor characteristics and organoid developmental potential. iScience 2022; 25:104262. [PMID: 35521516 PMCID: PMC9062680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells, because of their self-renewal and multiple cell type differentiation abilities, have good potential in regenerative medicine. We previously reported a lung epithelial cell population that expressed the stem cell marker SSEA-1 was abundant in neonatal but scarce in adult mice. In the current study, neonatal and adult mouse-derived pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells were isolated for further characterization. The results showed that neonatal-derived pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells highly expressed lung development-associated genes and had enhanced organoid generation ability compared with the adult cells. Neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells generated airway-like and alveolar-like organoids, suggesting multilineage cell differentiation ability. Organoid generation of neonatal but not adult pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells was enhanced by fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF 7). Furthermore, neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells colonized and developed in decellularized and injured lungs. These results suggest the potential of lung-derived neonatal-stage SSEA-1+ cells with enhanced stem/progenitor activity and shed light on future lung engineering applications. Pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells are abundant in neonatal and scarce in adult stages The stem/progenitor activity of pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells is enhanced in neonatal stage Neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells developed into airway- and alveolar-like organoids FGF7 regulates alveolar epithelium development of neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chia Liao
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Wu M, Zhang X, Lin Y, Zeng Y. Roles of airway basal stem cells in lung homeostasis and regenerative medicine. Respir Res 2022; 23:122. [PMID: 35562719 PMCID: PMC9102684 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway basal stem cells (BSCs) in the proximal airways are recognized as resident stem cells capable of self-renewing and differentiating to virtually every pseudostratified epithelium cell type under steady-state and after acute injury. In homeostasis, BSCs typically maintain a quiescent state. However, when exposed to acute injuries by either physical insults, chemical damage, or pathogen infection, the remaining BSCs increase their proliferation rate apace within the first 24 h and differentiate to restore lung homeostasis. Given the progenitor property of airway BSCs, it is attractive to research their biological characteristics and how they maintain homeostatic airway structure and respond to injury. In this review, we focus on the roles of BSCs in lung homeostasis and regeneration, detail the research progress in the characteristics of airway BSCs, the cellular and molecular signaling communications involved in BSCs-related airway repair and regeneration, and further discuss the in vitro models for airway BSC propagation and their applications in lung regenerative medicine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Abstract
The lung is the primary site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced immunopathology whereby the virus enters the host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Sophisticated regeneration and repair programs exist in the lungs to replenish injured cell populations. However, known resident stem/progenitor cells have been demonstrated to express ACE2, raising a substantial concern regarding the long-term consequences of impaired lung regeneration after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, clinical treatments may also affect lung repair from antiviral drug candidates to mechanical ventilation. In this review, we highlight how SARS-CoV-2 disrupts a program that governs lung homeostasis. We also summarize the current efforts of targeted therapy and supportive treatments for COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons of cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells or resident lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells in preventing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. We propose that, in addition to symptomatic treatments being developed and applied in the clinic, targeting lung regeneration is also essential to restore lung homeostasis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiaonan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingwen Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
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26
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Ruysseveldt E, Martens K, Steelant B. Airway Basal Cells, Protectors of Epithelial Walls in Health and Respiratory Diseases. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:787128. [PMID: 35387001 PMCID: PMC8974818 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.787128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium provides a critical barrier to the outside environment. When its integrity is impaired, epithelial cells and residing immune cells collaborate to exclude pathogens and to heal tissue damage. Healing is achieved through tissue-specific stem cells: the airway basal cells. Positioned near the basal membrane, airway basal cells sense and respond to changes in tissue health by initiating a pro-inflammatory response and tissue repair via complex crosstalks with nearby fibroblasts and specialized immune cells. In addition, basal cells have the capacity to learn from previous encounters with the environment. Inflammation can indeed imprint a certain memory on basal cells by epigenetic changes so that sensitized tissues may respond differently to future assaults and the epithelium becomes better equipped to respond faster and more robustly to barrier defects. This memory can, however, be lost in diseased states. In this review, we discuss airway basal cells in respiratory diseases, the communication network between airway basal cells and tissue-resident and/or recruited immune cells, and how basal cell adaptation to environmental triggers occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ruysseveldt
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Martens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Steelant
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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27
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Ekanger CT, Zhou F, Bohan D, Lotsberg ML, Ramnefjell M, Hoareau L, Røsland GV, Lu N, Aanerud M, Gärtner F, Salminen PR, Bentsen M, Halvorsen T, Ræder H, Akslen LA, Langeland N, Cox R, Maury W, Stuhr LEB, Lorens JB, Engelsen AST. Human Organotypic Airway and Lung Organoid Cells of Bronchiolar and Alveolar Differentiation Are Permissive to Infection by Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:841447. [PMID: 35360113 PMCID: PMC8964279 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.841447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the initiation of unprecedented research efforts to understand the pathogenesis mediated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More knowledge is needed regarding the cell type-specific cytopathology and its impact on cellular tropism. Furthermore, the impact of novel SARS-CoV-2 mutations on cellular tropism, alternative routes of entry, the impact of co-infections, and virus replication kinetics along the respiratory tract remains to be explored in improved models. Most applied virology models are not well suited to address the remaining questions, as they do not recapitulate the histoarchitecture and cellular composition of human respiratory tissues. The overall aim of this work was to establish from single biopsy specimens, a human adult stem cell-derived organoid model representing the upper respiratory airways and lungs and explore the applicability of this model to study respiratory virus infection. First, we characterized the organoid model with respect to growth pattern and histoarchitecture, cellular composition, and functional characteristics. Next, in situ expression of viral entry receptors, including influenza virus-relevant sialic acids and SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2, were confirmed in organoids of bronchiolar and alveolar differentiation. We further showed successful infection by pseudotype influenza A H7N1 and H5N1 virus, and the ability of the model to support viral replication of influenza A H7N1 virus. Finally, successful infection and replication of a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 were confirmed in the organoids by TCID50 assay and immunostaining to detect intracellular SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleocapsid and dsRNA. The prominent syncytia formation in organoid tissues following SARS-CoV-2 infection mimics the findings from infected human tissues in situ. We conclude that the human organotypic model described here may be particularly useful for virology studies to evaluate regional differences in the host response to infection. The model contains the various cell types along the respiratory tract, expresses respiratory virus entry factors, and supports successful infection and replication of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the model may serve as a relevant and reliable tool in virology and aid in pandemic preparedness, and efficient evaluation of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Tvedt Ekanger
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fan Zhou
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dana Bohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Maria Lie Lotsberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Ramnefjell
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laurence Hoareau
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Vatne Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Aanerud
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pirjo Riitta Salminen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariann Bentsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A. Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Cox
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - James B. Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Agnete S. T. Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Agnete S. T. Engelsen,
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28
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The Fight against Cancer by Microgravity: The Multicellular Spheroid as a Metastasis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063073. [PMID: 35328492 PMCID: PMC8953941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease exhibiting uncontrollable cell growth and spreading to other parts of the organism. It is a heavy, worldwide burden for mankind with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, groundbreaking research and innovations are necessary. Research in space under microgravity (µg) conditions is a novel approach with the potential to fight cancer and develop future cancer therapies. Space travel is accompanied by adverse effects on our health, and there is a need to counteract these health problems. On the cellular level, studies have shown that real (r-) and simulated (s-) µg impact survival, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and adhesion as well as the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, and growth factors in cancer cells. Moreover, the µg-environment induces in vitro 3D tumor models (multicellular spheroids and organoids) with a high potential for preclinical drug targeting, cancer drug development, and studying the processes of cancer progression and metastasis on a molecular level. This review focuses on the effects of r- and s-µg on different types of cells deriving from thyroid, breast, lung, skin, and prostate cancer, as well as tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of µg on cancerous stem cells. The information demonstrates that µg has become an important new technology for increasing current knowledge of cancer biology.
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29
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Naeimi Kararoudi M, Alsudayri A, Hill CL, Elmas E, Sezgin Y, Thakkar A, Hester ME, Malleske DT, Lee DA, Neal ML, Perry MR, Harvilchuck JA, Reynolds SD. Assessment of Beta-2 Microglobulin Gene Edited Airway Epithelial Stem Cells as a treatment for Sulfur Mustard Inhalation. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:781531. [PMID: 35199100 PMCID: PMC8859869 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.781531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory system damage is the primary cause of mortality in individuals who are exposed to vesicating agents including sulfur mustard (SM). Despite these devastating health complications, there are no fielded therapeutics that are specific for such injuries. Previous studies reported that SM inhalation depleted the tracheobronchial airway epithelial stem cell (TSC) pool and supported the hypothesis, TSC replacement will restore airway epithelial integrity and improve health outcomes for SM-exposed individuals. TSC express Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC-I) transplantation antigens which increases the chance that allogeneic TSC will be rejected by the patient’s immune system. However, previous studies reported that Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) knockout cells lacked cell surface MHC-I and suggested that B2M knockout TSC would be tolerated as an allogeneic graft. This study used a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to generate B2M-knockout TSC, which are termed Universal Donor Stem Cells (UDSC). Whole genome sequencing identified few off-target modifications and demonstrated the specificity of the RNP approach. Functional assays demonstrated that UDSC retained their ability to self-renew and undergo multilineage differentiation. A preclinical model of SM inhalation was used to test UDSC efficacy and identify any treatment-associated adverse events. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered an inhaled dose of 0.8 mg/kg SM vapor which is the inhaled LD50 on day 28 post-challenge. On recovery day 2, vehicle or allogeneic Fisher rat UDSC were delivered intravenously (n = 30/group). Clinical parameters were recorded daily, and planned euthanasia occurred on post-challenge days 7, 14, and 28. The vehicle and UDSC treatment groups exhibited similar outcomes including survival and a lack of adverse events. These studies establish a baseline which can be used to further develop UDSC as a treatment for SM-induced airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ezgi Elmas
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yasemin Sezgin
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aarohi Thakkar
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark E. Hester
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Dean A. Lee
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Mark R. Perry
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Susan D. Reynolds
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan D. Reynolds,
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30
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Yanda MK, Tomar V, Cebotaru CV, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. Short-Term Steroid Treatment of Rhesus Macaque Increases Transduction. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:131-147. [PMID: 34806411 PMCID: PMC8885436 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeat dosing poses a major hurdle for the development of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy for cystic fibrosis, in part because of the potential for development of an immune reaction to the AAV1 capsid proteins. Here, to dampen the immune response to AAV1, we treated Rhesus monkeys with methylprednisolone before and after the instillation of two doses of AAV1Δ27-264-CFTR into their airways at 0 and 30 days, followed by a single dose of AAV1-GFP on day 60. Animals were euthanized on day 90, except for one monkey that was sacrificed at 1 year. No adverse events occurred, indicating that the two AAV1 vectors are safe. rAAV1-CFTR and AAV1-GFP vector genomes and mRNA transcripts were detectable in all lung sections and in the liver and pancreas at day 90 and after 1 year at levels comparable with animals necropsied at 90 days. The numbers of vector genomes for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) detected here were higher than those found in the monkeys infected without methylprednisolone treatment that we tested previously.1 Also, lung surface and keratin 5-positive basal cells showed higher CFTR and GFP staining than did the cells from the uninfected monkey control. Positive immunostaining, also detected in the liver and pancreas, remained stable for at least a year. All animals seroconverted for anticapsid antibodies by 90 days post-treatment. The neutralizing antibody titer declined in the animal necropsied at 1 year. Conclusion: AAV1 safely and effectively transduces monkey airway and basal cells. Both the presence of vector genomes and transduction from AAV1-CFTR and AAV1-GFP virus seen in the monkeys 4 months to 1 year after the first instillation suggest that repeat dosing with AAV1-based vectors is achievable, particularly after methylprednisolone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K. Yanda
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vartika Tomar
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Valeria Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William B. Guggino
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Correspondence: Dr. Liudmila Cebotaru, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hunterian 415, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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31
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Rodilla V, Fre S. Lineage Tracing Methods to Study Mammary Epithelial Hierarchies In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2471:141-157. [PMID: 35175595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2193-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lineage tracing is now considered the gold standard approach to study cellular hierarchies and cell fate in vivo (McKenna and Gagnon, Development 146:dev169730, 2019; Kretzschmar and Watt, Cell 148:33-45, 2012). This type of clonal analysis consists of genetically labeling defined cells and following their destiny and progeny in vivo and in situ.Here we will describe different existing in vivo systems to clonally trace targeted cells and will discuss their respective advantages and inconveniences; we will then provide stepwise instructions for setting up and evaluate lineage tracing experiments, listing the most common downstream analyses and read-out assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Rodilla
- Cancer Heterogeneity and Hierarchies Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Fre
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France.
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32
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Fouillade C, Londoño-Vallejo A. PD-L1 high AT2 cells: a new player for alveoli regeneration. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/5/2101417. [PMID: 34737193 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01417-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay Cedex, France .,C. Fouillade and A. Londoño-Vallejo contributed equally to this article as lead authors
| | - Arturo Londoño-Vallejo
- Telomeres and Cancer, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL Université, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France.,C. Fouillade and A. Londoño-Vallejo contributed equally to this article as lead authors
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33
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Liberti DC, Morrisey EE. Organoid models: assessing lung cell fate decisions and disease responses. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1159-1174. [PMID: 34674972 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organoids can be derived from various cell types in the lung, and they provide a reproducible and tractable model for understanding the complex signals driving cell fate decisions in a regenerative context. In this review, we provide a retrospective account of organoid methodologies and outline new opportunities for optimizing these methods to further explore emerging concepts in lung biology. Moreover, we examine the benefits of integrating organoid assays with in vivo modeling to explore how the various niches and compartments in the respiratory system respond to both acute and chronic lung disease. The strategic implementation and improvement of organoid techniques will provide exciting new opportunities to understand and identify new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate lung disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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34
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Ghosh M, Hill CL, Alsudayri A, Lallier SW, Hayes D, Wijeratne S, Tan ZH, Chiang T, Mahoney JE, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Reynolds SD. Repeated injury promotes tracheobronchial tissue stem cell attrition. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1696-1713. [PMID: 34546001 PMCID: PMC8641087 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease has been attributed to stem cell aging and/or exhaustion. We investigated these mechanisms using mouse and human tracheobronchial tissue‐specific stem cells (TSC). In mouse, chromatin labeling and flow cytometry demonstrated that naphthalene (NA) injury activated a subset of TSC. These activated TSC continued to proliferate after the epithelium was repaired and a clone study demonstrated that ~96% of activated TSC underwent terminal differentiation. Despite TSC attrition, epithelial repair after a second NA injury was normal. The second injury accelerated proliferation of previously activated TSC and a nucleotide‐label retention study indicated that the second injury recruited TSC that were quiescent during the first injury. These mouse studies indicate that (a) injury causes selective activation of the TSC pool; (b) activated TSC are predisposed to further proliferation; and (c) the activated state leads to terminal differentiation. In human TSC, repeated proliferation also led to terminal differentiation and depleted the TSC pool. A clone study identified long‐ and short‐lived TSC and showed that short‐lived TSC clones had significantly shorter telomeres than their long‐lived counterparts. The TSC pool was significantly depleted in dyskeratosis congenita donors, who harbor mutations in telomere biology genes. The remaining TSC had short telomeres and short lifespans. Collectively, the mouse and human studies support a model in which epithelial injury increases the biological age of the responding TSC. When applied to chronic lung disease, this model suggests that repeated injury accelerates the biological aging process resulting in abnormal repair and disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Cynthia L Hill
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alfahdah Alsudayri
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott W Lallier
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhang Hong Tan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John E Mahoney
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan D Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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35
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Rijsbergen LC, van Dijk LLA, Engel MFM, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. In Vitro Modelling of Respiratory Virus Infections in Human Airway Epithelial Cells - A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683002. [PMID: 34489934 PMCID: PMC8418200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. A large number of RTIs is caused by viruses, often resulting in more severe disease in infants, elderly and the immunocompromised. Upon viral infection, most individuals experience common cold-like symptoms associated with an upper RTI. However, in some cases a severe and sometimes life-threatening lower RTI may develop. Reproducible and scalable in vitro culture models that accurately reflect the human respiratory tract are needed to study interactions between respiratory viruses and the host, and to test novel therapeutic interventions. Multiple in vitro respiratory cell culture systems have been described, but the majority of these are based on immortalized cell lines. Although useful for studying certain aspects of viral infections, such monomorphic, unicellular systems fall short in creating an understanding of the processes that occur at an integrated tissue level. Novel in vitro models involving primary human airway epithelial cells and, more recently, human airway organoids, are now in use. In this review, we describe the evolution of in vitro cell culture systems and their characteristics in the context of viral RTIs, starting from advances after immortalized cell cultures to more recently developed organoid systems. Furthermore, we describe how these models are used in studying virus-host interactions, e.g. tropism and receptor studies as well as interactions with the innate immune system. Finally, we provide an outlook for future developments in this field, including co-factors that mimic the microenvironment in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine C Rijsbergen
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura L A van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F M Engel
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Jensen-Cody CW, Crooke AK, Rotti PG, Ievlev V, Shahin W, Park SY, Lynch TJ, Engelhardt JF. Lef-1 controls cell cycle progression in airway basal cells to regulate proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1221-1235. [PMID: 33932322 PMCID: PMC8785221 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian airways are lined by a continuous epithelial layer that is maintained by diverse populations of resident multipotent stem cells. These stem cells are responsible for replenishing the epithelium both at homeostasis and following injury, making them promising targets for stem cell and genetic-based therapies for a variety of respiratory diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate when and how these stem cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that the high mobility group (HMG) domain transcription factor Lef-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of mouse tracheal basal cells. We demonstrate that conditional deletion of Lef-1 stalls basal cell proliferation at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle, and that Lef-1 knockout cells are unable to maintain luminal tracheal cell types in long-term air-liquid interface culture. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Lef-1 knockout (Lef-1KO) results in downregulation of key DNA damage response and cell cycle progression genes, including the kinase Chek1. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Chek1 is sufficient to stall basal cell self-renewal in a similar fashion as Lef-1 deletion. Notably, the cell cycle block imposed by Lef-1KO in vitro is transient and basal cells eventually compensate to proliferate normally in a Chek1-independent manner. Finally, Lef-1KO cells were unable to fully regenerate tracheal epithelium following injury in vivo. These findings reveal that Lef-1 is essential for proper basal cell function. Thus, modulating Lef-1 function in airway basal cells may have applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler W Jensen-Cody
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Adrianne K Crooke
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo-Yeun Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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37
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Guggino WB, Yanda MK, Cebotaru CV, Cebotaru L. Transduction of Surface and Basal Cells in Rhesus Macaque Lung Following Repeat Dosing with AAV1CFTR. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 31:1010-1023. [PMID: 32862701 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the effectiveness of repeat dosing, we sprayed two doses (1013 vg each) of AAV1Δ27-264-CFTR into airways of four rhesus monkeys at 0 and 30 days, followed by a single dose of 1013 vg of AAV1GFP on day 60. Monkeys were sacrificed on day 90. No adverse events occurred, indicating that AAV1 vectors are safe. An elevated anti-AAV1 neutralizing titer was established by the third dose. A positive ELISPOT to the adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid but not to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) occurred after the third dose in three monkeys. AAV1-CFTR and GFP vectors were detectable in all lung sections and in the heart, liver, and spleen. The CFTR protein was higher in treated monkeys than in an untreated monkey. GFP protein was detected in treated lungs. Lung surface and keratin 5-positive basal cells showed higher CFTR staining than in the uninfected monkey and were positive for GFP staining, indicating widespread gene transduction by AAV1CFTR and GFP. AAV1 safely and effectively transduces monkey airway and basal cells. Both the significant numbers of vector genomes and transduction from AAV1CFTR and GFP virus seen in the monkeys 3 months after the first instillation suggest that repeat dosing with AAV1-based vectors is achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Guggino
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali K Yanda
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina V Cebotaru
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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38
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Bohaud C, Johansen MD, Jorgensen C, Kremer L, Ipseiz N, Djouad F. The Role of Macrophages During Mammalian Tissue Remodeling and Regeneration Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707856. [PMID: 34335621 PMCID: PMC8317995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several infectious pathologies in humans, such as tuberculosis or SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for tissue or lung damage, requiring regeneration. The regenerative capacity of adult mammals is limited to few organs. Critical injuries of non-regenerative organs trigger a repair process that leads to a definitive architectural and functional disruption, while superficial wounds result in scar formation. Tissue lesions in mammals, commonly studied under non-infectious conditions, trigger cell death at the site of the injury, as well as the production of danger signals favouring the massive recruitment of immune cells, particularly macrophages. Macrophages are also of paramount importance in infected injuries, characterized by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, where they must respond to both infection and tissue damage. In this review, we compare the processes implicated in the tissue repair of non-infected versus infected injuries of two organs, the skeletal muscles and the lungs, focusing on the primary role of macrophages. We discuss also the negative impact of infection on the macrophage responses and the possible routes of investigation for new regenerative therapies to improve the recovery state as seen with COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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39
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Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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40
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Archer F, Bobet-Erny A, Gomes M. State of the art on lung organoids in mammals. Vet Res 2021; 52:77. [PMID: 34078444 PMCID: PMC8170649 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number and severity of diseases affecting lung development and adult respiratory function have stimulated great interest in developing new in vitro models to study lung in different species. Recent breakthroughs in 3-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures have led to new physiological in vitro models that better mimic the lung than conventional 2D cultures. Lung organoids simulate multiple aspects of the real organ, making them promising and useful models for studying organ development, function and disease (infection, cancer, genetic disease). Due to their dynamics in culture, they can serve as a sustainable source of functional cells (biobanking) and be manipulated genetically. Given the differences between species regarding developmental kinetics, the maturation of the lung at birth, the distribution of the different cell populations along the respiratory tract and species barriers for infectious diseases, there is a need for species-specific lung models capable of mimicking mammal lungs as they are of great interest for animal health and production, following the One Health approach. This paper reviews the latest developments in the growing field of lung organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Archer
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Alexandra Bobet-Erny
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Maryline Gomes
- UMR754, IVPC, INRAE, EPHE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
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41
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Cai J, Chen S, Yi M, Tan Y, Peng Q, Ban Y, Yang J, Li X, Zeng Z, Xiong W, McCarthy JB, Li G, Li X, Xiang B. ΔNp63α is a super enhancer-enriched master factor controlling the basal-to-luminal differentiation transcriptional program and gene regulatory networks in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1282-1293. [PMID: 31826234 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates via malignant transformation of the pseudostratified nasopharyngeal epithelium, composed of basal and luminal cells. Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of cis-elements involved in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that basal cell-specific proteins are highly expressed, whereas luminal cell proteins are downregulated in NPC, implying a perturbation of basal-to-luminal differentiation during NPC development. We characterized NPC cell models according to different molecular signatures associated with their differentiation status and found that distinct SE landscapes are tightly associated with basal or luminal-like molecular signatures in NPC cells. Furthermore, the transcription of ΔNP63α, a prominent isoform of TP63, was found to be driven by SEs in NPC cells. Data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing showed that ΔNP63α largely occupied regions of SEs associated with basal cell-specific genes. Silencing of ΔNP63α led to a loss of H3K27ac occupancy at basal-type SEs and triggered a basal-to-luminal gene expression signature switch, suggesting that ΔNP63α is a master factor contributing to the perturbation of luminal differentiation. Integrative transcriptomics analysis also revealed that ΔNP63α acts as a core factor involved in the dysregulation of gene expression in NPC. Furthermore, ΔNP63α enhanced EGF-stimulated NF-κB activation in NPC cells by activating SE-mediated EGFR transcription. Finally, depletion of ΔNP63α in NPC cells induced robust growth inhibition of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that ΔNP63α-dependent SE reprogramming contributes to the blockade of luminal differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixin Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ban
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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42
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van der Vaart J, Clevers H. Airway organoids as models of human disease. J Intern Med 2021; 289:604-613. [PMID: 32350962 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies developing and applying organoid technology have greatly increased in volume and visibility over the past decade. Organoids are three-dimensional structures that are established from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult tissue stem cells (ASCs). They consist of organ-specific cell types that self-organize through cell sorting and spatially restricted lineage commitment to generate architectural and functional characteristics of the tissue of interest. The field of respiratory development and disease has been particularly productive in this regard. Starting from human cells (PSCs or ASCs), models of the two segments of the lung, the airways and the alveoli, can be built. Such organoids allow the study of development, physiology and disease and thus bridge the gap between animal models and clinical studies. This review discusses current developments in the pulmonary organoid field, highlighting the potential and limitations of current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van der Vaart
- From the, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Clevers
- From the, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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43
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Wang Y, Tang N. The diversity of adult lung epithelial stem cells and their niche in homeostasis and regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2045-2059. [PMID: 33948870 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The adult lung, a workhorse for gas exchange, is continually subjected to a barrage of assaults from the inhaled particles and pathogens. Hence, homeostatic maintenance is of paramount importance. Epithelial stem cells interact with their particular niche in the adult lung to orchestrate both natural tissue rejuvenation and robust post-injury regeneration. Advances in single-cell sequencing, lineage tracing, and living tissue imaging have deepened our understanding about stem cell heterogeneities, transition states, and specific cell lineage markers. In this review, we provided an overview of the known stem/progenitor cells and their subpopulations in different regions of the adult lung, and explored the regulatory networks in stem cells and their respective niche which collectively coordinated stem cell quiescence and regeneration states. We finally discussed relationships between dysregulated stem cell function and lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
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44
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Basil MC, Katzen J, Engler AE, Guo M, Herriges MJ, Kathiriya JJ, Windmueller R, Ysasi AB, Zacharias WJ, Chapman HA, Kotton DN, Rock JR, Snoeck HW, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Whitsett JA, Morrisey EE. The Cellular and Physiological Basis for Lung Repair and Regeneration: Past, Present, and Future. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 26:482-502. [PMID: 32243808 PMCID: PMC7128675 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, which includes the trachea, airways, and distal alveoli, is a complex multi-cellular organ that intimately links with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange. In this review and as members of the NIH/NHLBI-supported Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium, we discuss key aspects of lung repair and regeneration. We focus on the cellular compositions within functional niches, cell-cell signaling in homeostatic health, the responses to injury, and new methods to study lung repair and regeneration. We also provide future directions for an improved understanding of the cell biology of the respiratory system, as well as new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna E Engler
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Herriges
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jaymin J Kathiriya
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rebecca Windmueller
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra B Ysasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hal A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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45
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Schneider JL, Rowe JH, Garcia-de-Alba C, Kim CF, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. The aging lung: Physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell 2021; 184:1990-2019. [PMID: 33811810 PMCID: PMC8052295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The population is aging at a rate never seen before in human history. As the number of elderly adults grows, it is imperative we expand our understanding of the underpinnings of aging biology. Human lungs are composed of a unique panoply of cell types that face ongoing chemical, mechanical, biological, immunological, and xenobiotic stress over a lifetime. Yet, we do not fully appreciate the mechanistic drivers of lung aging and why age increases the risk of parenchymal lung disease, fatal respiratory infection, and primary lung cancer. Here, we review the molecular and cellular aspects of lung aging, local stress response pathways, and how the aging process predisposes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. We place these insights into context of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how innate and adaptive immunity within the lung is altered with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jared H Rowe
- Division of Hematology Boston Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatric Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Garcia-de-Alba
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Disease, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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46
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Allan KM, Farrow N, Donnelley M, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: From Gene- to Cell-Based Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639475. [PMID: 33796025 PMCID: PMC8007963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) varies extensively despite recent advances in targeted therapies that improve CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. Despite being a multi-organ disease, extensive lung tissue destruction remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Progress towards a curative treatment strategy that implements a CFTR gene addition-technology to the patients’ lungs has been slow and not yet developed beyond clinical trials. Improved delivery vectors are needed to overcome the body’s defense system and ensure an efficient and consistent clinical response before gene therapy is suitable for clinical care. Cell-based therapy–which relies on functional modification of allogenic or autologous cells ex vivo, prior to transplantation into the patient–is now a therapeutic reality for various diseases. For CF, pioneering research has demonstrated proof-of-principle for allogenic transplantation of cultured human airway stem cells into mouse airways. However, applying a cell-based therapy to the human airways has distinct challenges. We review CF gene therapies using viral and non-viral delivery strategies and discuss current advances towards autologous cell-based therapies. Progress towards identification, correction, and expansion of a suitable regenerative cell, as well as refinement of pre-cell transplant lung conditioning protocols is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin M Allan
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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47
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Abstract
The mammalian lung epithelium is composed of a wide array of specialized cells that have adapted to survive environmental exposure and perform the tasks necessary for respiration. Although the majority of these cells are remarkably quiescent during adult lung homeostasis, a growing body of literature has demonstrated the capacity of these epithelial lineages to proliferate in response to injury and regenerate lost or damaged cells. In this review, we focus on the regionally distinct lung epithelial cell types that contribute to repair after injury, and we address current controversies regarding whether elite stem cells or frequent facultative progenitors are the predominant participants. We also shed light on the newly emerging approaches for exogenously generating similar lung epithelial lineages from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA;
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Michael J Herriges
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA;
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA;
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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48
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Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment and are therefore vulnerable to insults that can cause infection and injury. Maintaining the integrity and barrier function of the lung epithelium requires complex interactions of multiple cell lineages. Elucidating the cellular players and their regulation mechanisms provides fundamental information to deepen understanding about the responses and contributions of lung stem cells. This Review focuses on advances in our understanding of mammalian alveolar epithelial stem cell subpopulations and discusses insights about the regeneration-specific cell status of alveolar epithelial stem cells. We also consider how these advances can inform our understanding of post-injury lung repair processes and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Cellular and functional heterogeneity of the airway epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:978-990. [PMID: 33608655 PMCID: PMC7893625 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium protects us from environmental insults, which we encounter with every breath. Not only does it passively filter large particles, it also senses potential danger and alerts other cells, including immune and nervous cells. Together, these tissues orchestrate the most appropriate response, balancing the need to eliminate the danger with the risk of damage to the host. Each cell subset within the airway epithelium plays its part, and when impaired, may contribute to the development of respiratory disease. Here we highlight recent advances regarding the cellular and functional heterogeneity along the airway epithelium and discuss how we can use this knowledge to design more effective, targeted therapeutics.
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50
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Jones-Freeman B, Starkey MR. Bronchioalveolar stem cells in lung repair, regeneration and disease. J Pathol 2020; 252:219-226. [PMID: 32737996 DOI: 10.1002/path.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are a lung resident stem cell population located at bronchioalveolar duct junctions that contribute to the maintenance of bronchiolar club cells and alveolar epithelial cells of the distal lung. Their transformed counterparts are considered to be likely progenitors of lung adenocarcinomas, which has been a major area of research in relation to BASCs. A critical limitation in addressing the function of BASCs in vivo has been the lack of a unique BASC marker, which has prevented specific targeting of BASCs in animal models of respiratory conditions. Recently, there have been several studies describing genetically modified mice that allow in vivo quantification, tracing, and functional analysis of BASCs to address this long-standing issue. These cutting-edge experimental tools will likely have significant implications for future experimental studies involving BASCs and the elucidation of their role in various lung diseases. To date, this has been largely explored in models of lung injury including naphthalene-induced airway injury, bleomycin-induced alveolar injury, hyperoxia-induced models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and influenza virus infection. These novel experimental mouse tools will facilitate the assessment of the impact of BASC loss on additional respiratory conditions including infection-induced severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as respiratory bacterial infections, both in early life and adulthood. These future studies may shed light on the potential broad applicability of targeting BASCs for a diverse range of respiratory conditions during lung development and in promoting effective regeneration and repair of the lung in respiratory diseases. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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