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Guo X, Yang S, Zhu H, Liu F, Li K, Li G, Lin Y, Yu H, Qiu W, Xu H, Liu Q, Xie X, Sun Y, Zheng P, Chen B, Liu Z, Yuan X, Peng S, Bi X, Yang J, Shao NY, Dai J. Involvement of M2 macrophages polarization in PM2.5-induced COPD by upregulating MMP12 via IL4/STAT6 pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116793. [PMID: 39094453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Biomass-related airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Macrophage polarization has been reported to be involved in PM2.5-induced COPD, but the dynamic characteristics and underlying mechanism of this process remain unclear. Our study established a PM2.5-induced COPD mouse model and revealed that M2 macrophages predominantly presented after 4 and 6 months of PM2.5 exposure, during which a notable increase in MMP12 was observed. Single cell analysis of lung tissues from COPD patients and mice further revealed that M2 macrophages were the dominant macrophage subpopulation in COPD, with MMP12 being involved as a hub gene. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that PM2.5 induced M2 polarization and increased MMP12 expression. Moreover, we found that PM2.5 increased IL-4 expression, STAT6 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Nuclear pSTAT6 then bound to the MMP12 promoter region. Furthermore, the inhibition of STAT6 phosphorylation effectively abrogated the PM2.5-induced increase in MMP12. Using a coculture system, we observed a significantly reduced level of E-cadherin in alveolar epithelial cells cocultured with PM2.5-exposed macrophages, while the decrease in E-cadherin was reversed by the addition of an MMP12 inhibitor to the co-culture system. Taken together, these findings indicated that PM2.5 induced M2 macrophage polarization and MMP12 upregulation via the IL-4/STAT6 pathway, which resulted in alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and ultimately led to COPD progression. These findings may help to elucidate the role of macrophages in COPD, and suggest promising directions for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Guo
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Fengdong Liu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Kai Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guojun Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yuyin Lin
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hongjiao Yu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wenxi Qiu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hao Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- School of basic medicine sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinran Xie
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yaowei Sun
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Peiji Zheng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bingjie Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yuan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shuyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511510, China
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau Special Administrative Region of China 999078, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Jianwei Dai
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Kreniske JS, Kaner RJ, Glesby MJ. Pathogenesis and management of emphysema in people with HIV. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:873-887. [PMID: 37848398 PMCID: PMC10872640 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2272702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since early in the HIV epidemic, emphysema has been identified among people with HIV (PWH) and has been associated with increased mortality. Smoking cessation is key to risk reduction. Health maintenance for PWH and emphysema should ensure appropriate vaccination and lung cancer screening. Treatment should adhere to inhaler guidelines for the general population, but inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) should be used with caution. Frontiers in treatment include targeted therapeutics. Major knowledge gaps exist in the epidemiology of and optimal care for PWH and emphysema, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). AREAS COVERED Topics addressed include risk factors, pathogenesis, current treatment and prevention strategies, and frontiers in research. EXPERT OPINION There are limited data on the epidemiology of emphysema in LMIC, where more than 90% of deaths from COPD occur and where the morbidity of HIV is most heavily concentrated. The population of PWH is aging, and age-related co-morbidities such as emphysema will only increase in salience. Over the next 5 years, the authors anticipate novel trials of targeted therapy for emphysema specific to PWH, and we anticipate a growing body of evidence to inform optimal clinical care for lung health among PWH in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah S. Kreniske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
| | - Robert J. Kaner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
| | - Marshall J. Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
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Wang Y, Li K, Zhao W, Liu Y, Li T, Yang HQ, Tong Z, Song N. Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal the altered transcriptomic characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in immunocompromised hosts with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179094. [PMID: 37359523 PMCID: PMC10289015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the extensive use of immunosuppressants, immunosuppression-associated pneumonitis including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) has received increasing attention. Though aberrant adaptive immunity has been considered as a key reason for opportunistic infections, the characteristics of innate immunity in these immunocompromised hosts remain unclear. Methods In this study, wild type C57BL/6 mice or dexamethasone-treated mice were injected with or without Pneumocystis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were harvested for the multiplex cytokine and metabolomics analysis. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of indicated lung tissues or BALFs was performed to decipher the macrophages heterogeneity. Mice lung tissues were further analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or immunohistochemical staining. Results We found that the secretion of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolites in the Pneumocystis-infected mice are impaired by glucocorticoids. By scRNA-seq, we identified seven subpopulations of macrophages in mice lung tissues. Among them, a group of Mmp12+ macrophages is enriched in the immunocompetent mice with Pneumocystis infection. Pseudotime trajectory showed that these Mmp12+ macrophages are differentiated from Ly6c+ classical monocytes, and highly express pro-inflammatory cytokines elevated in BALFs of Pneumocystis-infected mice. In vitro, we confirmed that dexamethasone impairs the expression of Lif, Il1b, Il6 and Tnf, as well as the fungal killing capacity of alveolar macrophage (AM)-like cells. Moreover, in patients with PCP, we found a group of macrophages resembled the aforementioned Mmp12+ macrophages, and these macrophages are inhibited in the patient receiving glucocorticoid treatment. Additionally, dexamethasone simultaneously impaired the functional integrity of resident AMs and downregulated the level of lysophosphatidylcholine, leading to the suppressed antifungal capacities. Conclusion We reported a group of Mmp12+ macrophages conferring protection during Pneumocystis infection, which can be dampened by glucocorticoids. This study provides multiple resources for understanding the heterogeneity and metabolic changes of innate immunity in immunocompromised hosts, and also suggests that the loss of Mmp12+ macrophages population contributes to the pathogenesis of immunosuppression-associated pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu-Qin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Song
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Deng L, Jian Z, Xu T, Li F, Deng H, Zhou Y, Lai S, Xu Z, Zhu L. Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052379. [PMID: 36903624 PMCID: PMC10005642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
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Lin B, Ser HL, Wang L, Li J, Chan KG, Lee LH, Tan LTH. The Emerging Role of MMP12 in the Oral Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054648. [PMID: 36902078 PMCID: PMC10002488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12), or macrophage metalloelastase, plays important roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) component degradation. Recent reports show MMP12 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. To date, this review represents the latest comprehensive overview of MMP12 in various oral diseases, such as periodontitis, temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD), orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, the current knowledge regarding the distribution of MMP12 in different tissues is also illustrated in this review. Studies have implicated the association of MMP12 expression with the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, TMD, OSCC, OTM, and bone remodelling. Although there may be a potential role of MMP12 in oral diseases, the exact pathophysiological role of MMP12 remains to be elucidated. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of MMP12 is essential, as MMP12 could be a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and immunologically related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Lin
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Lijing Wang
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Innovative Bioprospection Development Research Group (InBioD), Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Innovative Bioprospection Development Research Group (InBioD), Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
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Shin E, Koo JS. Cell Component and Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012578. [PMID: 36293435 PMCID: PMC9604510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in the endocrine system. Most thyroid cancers have good prognosis, but some of them are resistant to treatment or show aggressive behavior. Like other tumors, thyroid cancers harbor tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and immune cells. Autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis can occur in the thyroid, and it may be associated with cancer development. TME is involved in tumor progression through various mechanisms: (1) CAF is involved in tumor progression through cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling; and (2) immune cells are involved in tumor progression through cell proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and immune suppression. These events are activated by various cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites secreted from cells that comprise TME. This review is focused on how CAF and immune cells, two important cell components of thyroid cancer TME, are involved in tumor progression, and will explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1772; Fax: +82-2-362-0860
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7
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Makino A, Shibata T, Nagayasu M, Hosoya I, Nishimura T, Nakano C, Nagata K, Ito T, Takahashi Y, Nakamura S. RSV infection-elicited high MMP-12-producing macrophages exacerbate allergic airway inflammation with neutrophil infiltration. iScience 2021; 24:103201. [PMID: 34703996 PMCID: PMC8524145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection often exacerbates bronchial asthma, but there is no licensed RSV vaccine or specific treatments. Here we show that RSV-induced alveolar macrophages, which produce high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), exacerbate allergic airway inflammation with increased neutrophil infiltration. When mice subjected to allergic airway inflammation via exposure to the house dust mite antigen (HDM) were infected with RSV (HDM/RSV), MMP-12 expression, viral load, neutrophil infiltration, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were increased compared to those in the HDM and RSV groups. These exacerbations in the HDM/RSV group were attenuated in MMP-12-deficient mice and mice treated with MMP408, a selective MMP-12 inhibitor, but not in mice treated with dexamethasone. Finally, M2-like macrophages produced MMP-12, and its production was promoted by increase of IFN-β-induced IL-4 receptor expression with RSV infection. Thus, targeting MMP-12 represents a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for the exacerbation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Makino
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shibata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Mashiro Nagayasu
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hosoya
- Graduate School of Health Care Science, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo 113-8668, Japan
| | - Toshiyo Nishimura
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-0044, Japan
| | - Kisaburo Nagata
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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8
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MATSUYAMA S, PERVIN M, NAKAGAWA M, IZAWA T, KUWAMURA M, YAMATE J. Properties of macrophages and lymphocytes appearing in rat renal fibrosis followed by repeated injection of cisplatin. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1435-1442. [PMID: 34305076 PMCID: PMC8498843 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of macrophages and lymphocytes appearing in renal fibrosis remains to be investigated. F344 rats were injected once a week with cisplatin (2 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks and examined at post-final injection weeks 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Rats developed progressive renal fibrosis at weeks 1 to 6 as fibrosis-progress phase, and subsequent amelioration at weeks 9 and 12. CD68+ M1-macrophages and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ macrophages remarkably increased persistently, whereas CD163+ M2-macrophages slightly increased. MHC class II+/CD68+ and MHC class II+/CD163+ macrophages were present, indicating that MHC class II+ macrophages might have both functions of M1- and M2-macrophages. In the fibrosis-progress phase, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ for M1-factors, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and IL-10 for M2-factors tended to increase; tissue injury by M1 and fibrosis by M2 might have occurred simultaneously. Lots of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appeared in close relation with MHC class II+ macrophages, and mainly CD4+ T cells formed aggregations. In the lymphocyte aggregates collected by laser microdissection, expression of IL-17A (for Th17 cells) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) (for Treg) significantly increased at weeks 1 and 6, respectively; presumably, Th17 cells might be involved in tissue injury, whereas Treg might be related to fibrosis amelioration. These results suggested that macrophages and T cells may contribute interrelatedly to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi MATSUYAMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka
598-8531, Japan
| | - Munmun PERVIN
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka
598-8531, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Minto NAKAGAWA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka
598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi IZAWA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka
598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru KUWAMURA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka
598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji YAMATE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka
598-8531, Japan
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Zhao S, Mi Y, Guan B, Zheng B, Wei P, Gu Y, Zhang Z, Cai S, Xu Y, Li X, He X, Zhong X, Li G, Chen Z, Li D. Tumor-derived exosomal miR-934 induces macrophage M2 polarization to promote liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:156. [PMID: 33213490 PMCID: PMC7678301 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence has demonstrated the vital importance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and exosomes in the formation of the premetastatic niche. However, the molecular mechanisms by which tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs interact with TAMs underlying premetastatic niche formation and colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) remain largely unknown. Methods Transmission electron microscopy and differential ultracentrifugation were used to verify the existence of exosomes. In vivo and in vitro assays were used to identify roles of exosomal miR-934. RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, etc. were applied to clarify the mechanism of exosomal miR-934 regulated the crosstalk between CRC cells and M2 macrophages. Results In the present study, we first demonstrated the aberrant overexpression of miR-934 in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in CRLM, and its correlation with the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Then, we verified that CRC cell-derived exosomal miR-934 induced M2 macrophage polarization by downregulating PTEN expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, we revealed that hnRNPA2B1 mediated miR-934 packaging into exosomes of CRC cells and then transferred exosomal miR-934 into macrophages. Interestingly, polarized M2 macrophages could induce premetastatic niche formation and promote CRLM by secreting CXCL13, which activated a CXCL13/CXCR5/NFκB/p65/miR-934 positive feedback loop in CRC cells. Conclusions These findings indicate that tumor-derived exosomal miR-934 can promote CRLM by regulating the crosstalk between CRC cells and TAMs. These findings reveal a tumor and TAM interaction in the metastatic microenvironment mediated by tumor-derived exosomes that affects CRLM. The present study also provides a theoretical basis for secondary liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yushuai Mi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Binbin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanzi Gu
- Department of Biobank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyang Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guichao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Xu F, Wei Y, Tang Z, Liu B, Dong J. Tumor‑associated macrophages in lung cancer: Friend or foe? (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4107-4115. [PMID: 33000214 PMCID: PMC7533506 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an abundant population of leukocytes in lung cancer, are affected by tumor microenvironment (TME) and shift towards either a pro-tumor (M2-like) or an anti-tumor phenotype (M1-like). M2-polarized macrophages, are one of the primary tumor-infiltrating immune cells and were reported to be associated with the promotion of cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. TAMs are considered a potential target for adjuvant anticancer therapies, and recent therapeutic approaches targeting the M2 polarization of TAMs have shown encouraging results. The present review discusses recent developments in the role of TAMs in cancer, in particular TAMs functions, clinical implication and prospective therapeutic strategies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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11
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Cha YJ, Koo JS. Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E1785. [PMID: 32726950 PMCID: PMC7464644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal immune cells constitute the tumor microenvironment. These immune cell subsets include myeloid cells, the so-called tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs), which are of two types: tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Breast tumors, particularly those in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, are solid tumors containing immune cell stroma. TAMCs drive breast cancer progression via immune mediated, nonimmune-mediated, and metabolic interactions, thus serving as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. TAMC-associated breast cancer treatment approaches potentially involve the inhibition of TAM recruitment, modulation of TAM polarization/differentiation, reduction of TAM products, elimination of MDSCs, and reduction of MDSC products. Furthermore, TAMCs can enhance or restore immune responses during cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the role of TAMs and MDSCs in breast cancer and elucidates the clinical implications of TAMs and MDSCs as potential targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
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12
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Poltavets AS, Vishnyakova PA, Elchaninov AV, Sukhikh GT, Fatkhudinov TK. Macrophage Modification Strategies for Efficient Cell Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1535. [PMID: 32599709 PMCID: PMC7348902 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, important cells of innate immunity, are known for their phagocytic activity, capability for antigen presentation, and flexible phenotypes. Macrophages are found in all tissues and therefore represent an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases of various etiology. Genetic programming of macrophages is an important issue of modern molecular and cellular medicine. The controllable activation of macrophages towards desirable phenotypes in vivo and in vitro will provide effective treatments for a number of inflammatory and proliferative diseases. This review is focused on the methods for specific alteration of gene expression in macrophages, including the controllable promotion of the desired M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes in certain pathologies or model systems. Here we review the strategies of target selection, the methods of vector delivery, and the gene editing approaches used for modification of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya S. Poltavets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Polina A. Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Histology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of The Russian Federation, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.S.P.); (A.V.E.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia;
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
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13
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Hoy Z, Wright TW, Elliott M, Malone J, Bhagwat S, Wang J, Gigliotti F. Combination Immunotherapy with Passive Antibody and Sulfasalazine Accelerates Fungal Clearance and Promotes the Resolution of Pneumocystis-Associated Immunopathogenesis. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00640-19. [PMID: 31611280 PMCID: PMC6977122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00640-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary immune response protects healthy individuals against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP). However, the immune response also drives immunopathogenesis in patients who develop severe PcP, and it is generally accepted that optimal treatment requires combination strategies that promote fungal killing and also provide effective immunomodulation. The anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine programs macrophages for enhanced Pneumocystis phagocytosis and also suppresses PcP-related immunopathogenesis. Anti-Pneumocystis antibody opsonizes Pneumocystis organisms for greater phagocytosis and may also mask antigens that drive immunopathogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that combining antibody and sulfasalazine would have the dual benefit of enhancing fungal clearance while dampening immunopathogenesis and allow the rescue of severe PcP. To model a clinically relevant treatment scenario in mice, therapeutic interventions were withheld until clear symptoms of pneumonia were evident. When administered individually, both passive antibody and sulfasalazine improved pulmonary function and enhanced Pneumocystis clearance to similar degrees. However, combination treatment with antibody and sulfasalazine produced a more rapid improvement, with recovery of body weight, a dramatic improvement in pulmonary function, reduced lung inflammation, and the rapid clearance of the Pneumocystis organisms. Accelerated fungal clearance in the combination treatment group was associated with a significant increase in macrophage phagocytosis of Pneumocystis Both passive antibody and sulfasalazine resulted in the suppression of Th1 cytokines and a marked increase in lung macrophages displaying an alternatively activated phenotype, which were enhanced by combination treatment. Our data support the concept that passive antibody and sulfasalazine could be an effective and specific adjunctive therapy for PcP, with the potential to accelerate fungal clearance while attenuating PcP-associated immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Hoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Terry W Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael Elliott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jane Malone
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Samir Bhagwat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Francis Gigliotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma K Cribbs
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Cribbs SK, Crothers K, Morris A. Pathogenesis of HIV-Related Lung Disease: Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:603-632. [PMID: 31600121 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-related pulmonary disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living with HIV (PLWH). The spectrum of lung diseases has changed from acute opportunistic infections resulting in death to chronic lung diseases for those with access to ART. Chronic immune activation and suppression can result in impairment of innate immunity and progressive loss of T cell and B cell functionality with aberrant cytokine and chemokine responses systemically as well as in the lung. HIV can be detected in the lungs of PLWH and has profound effects on cellular immune functions. In addition, HIV-related lung injury and disease can occur secondary to a number of mechanisms including altered pulmonary and systemic inflammatory pathways, viral persistence in the lung, oxidative stress with additive effects of smoke exposure, microbial translocation, and alterations in the lung and gut microbiome. Although ART has had profound effects on systemic viral suppression in HIV, the impact of ART on lung immunology still needs to be fully elucidated. Understanding of the mechanisms by which HIV-related lung diseases continue to occur is critical to the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve lung health in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma K Cribbs
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristina Crothers
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison Morris
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Cheng H, Wang Z, Fu L, Xu T. Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview. Front Oncol 2019; 9:421. [PMID: 31192126 PMCID: PMC6540821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages because of atypical symptoms and the lack of effective early diagnostic measures. The mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and development of ovarian cancer are not clear. Macrophages, immune cells derived from the innate immune system, have two states of polarization (M1 and M2) that develop in response to different stimuli. The polarization and differentiation of macrophages into the cancer-inhibiting M1 and cancer-promoting M2 types represent the two states of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The interaction of polarized macrophages with cancer cells plays a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of macrophage M1/M2 polarization on ovarian cancer have not yet been systematically and fully discussed. In this review, we discuss not only the occurrence, development and influences of macrophage polarization but also the association between macrophage polarization and ovarian cancer. The polarization of macrophages into the M1 and M2 phenotypes plays a pivotal role in ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, and provides targets for macrophage-centered treatment in the cancer microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. We also addressed the regulation of macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer via noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Mouton AJ, Rivera Gonzalez OJ, Kaminski AR, Moore ET, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 as an endogenous resolution promoting factor following myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:252-258. [PMID: 30394317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), timely resolution of inflammation promotes wound healing and scar formation while limiting excessive tissue damage. Resolution promoting factors (RPFs) are agents that blunt leukocyte trafficking and inflammation, promote necrotic and apoptotic cell clearance, and stimulate scar formation. Previously identified RPFs include mediators derived from lipids (resolvins, lipoxins, protectins, and maresins), proteins (glucocorticoids, annexin A1, galectin 1, and melanocortins), or gases (CO, H2S, and NO). Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12; macrophage elastase) has shown promising RPF qualities in a variety of disease states. We review here the evidence that MMP-12 may serve as a novel RPF with potential therapeutic efficacy in the setting of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzalez
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Amanda R Kaminski
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Edwin T Moore
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1500 E Woodrow Wilson Ave, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States.
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18
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Halstead ES, Umstead TM, Davies ML, Kawasawa YI, Silveyra P, Howyrlak J, Yang L, Guo W, Hu S, Hewage EK, Chroneos ZC. GM-CSF overexpression after influenza a virus infection prevents mortality and moderates M1-like airway monocyte/macrophage polarization. Respir Res 2018; 19:3. [PMID: 29304863 PMCID: PMC5756339 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A viruses cause life-threatening pneumonia and lung injury in the lower respiratory tract. Application of high GM-CSF levels prior to infection has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality from pathogenic influenza infection in mice, but the mechanisms of protection and treatment efficacy have not been established. METHODS Mice were infected intranasally with influenza A virus (PR8 strain). Supra-physiologic levels of GM-CSF were induced in the airways using the double transgenic GM-CSF (DTGM) or littermate control mice starting on 3 days post-infection (dpi). Assessment of respiratory mechanical parameters was performed using the flexiVent rodent ventilator. RNA sequence analysis was performed on FACS-sorted airway macrophage subsets at 8 dpi. RESULTS Supra-physiologic levels of GM-CSF conferred a survival benefit, arrested the deterioration of lung mechanics, and reduced the abundance of protein exudates in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid to near baseline levels. Transcriptome analysis, and subsequent validation ELISA assays, revealed that excess GM-CSF re-directs macrophages from an "M1-like" to a more "M2-like" activation state as revealed by alterations in the ratios of CXCL9 and CCL17 in BAL fluid, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted that GM-CSF surplus during IAV infection elicits expression of anti-inflammatory mediators and moderates M1 macrophage pro-inflammatory signaling by Type II interferon (IFN-γ). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that application of high levels of GM-CSF in the lung after influenza A virus infection alters pathogenic "M1-like" macrophage inflammation. These results indicate a possible therapeutic strategy for respiratory virus-associated pneumonia and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Todd M. Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Michael L. Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Judie Howyrlak
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Weichao Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Eranda Kurundu Hewage
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Zissis C. Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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19
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Fan H, Guo JY, Ma SL, Zhang N, An CL. Synthetic p55 tandem DNA vaccine against Pneumocystis carinii in rats. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:397-406. [PMID: 27185490 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis spp. are opportunistic fungal pathogens that are closely associated with severe pneumonia and pulmonary complications in patients with impaired immunity. In this study, the antigenic epitopes of the gene encoding the 55 kDa antigen fragment of Pneumocystis (p55), which may play an important role in Pneumocystis pneumonia, were analyzed. A gene containing tandem variants of the p55 antigen was synthesized and named the tandem antigen gene (TAG). TAG's potential as a DNA vaccine was assessed in immunosuppressed rats. Immunization with p55-TAG DNA vaccine significantly reduced both the pathogen burden and lung-weight to body-weight ratios. Additionally, p55-TAG vaccination in immunosuppressed rats elicited both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiu-Ying Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Su-Li Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chun-Li An
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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20
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Diverse macrophages polarization in tumor microenvironment. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1588-1596. [PMID: 27562774 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are traditional innate immune cells that play critical roles in the clearance of pathogens and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence proves that macrophages affect cancer initiation and malignancy. Macrophages can be categorized into two extreme subsets, classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages based on their distinct functional abilities in response to microenvironmental stimuli. In a tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be of the polarized M2 phenotype that enhances tumor progression and represent a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression by secreting a series of cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. The regulation of macrophage polarization is considered to be a potential future therapy for cancer management.
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Moore JP, Vinh A, Tuck KL, Sakkal S, Krishnan SM, Chan CT, Lieu M, Samuel CS, Diep H, Kemp-Harper BK, Tare M, Ricardo SD, Guzik TJ, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. M2 macrophage accumulation in the aortic wall during angiotensin II infusion in mice is associated with fibrosis, elastin loss, and elevated blood pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H906-17. [PMID: 26071547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00821.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages accumulate in blood vessels during hypertension. However, their contribution to vessel remodeling is unknown. In the present study, we examined the polarization state of macrophages (M1/M2) in aortas of mice during hypertension and investigated whether antagonism of chemokine receptors involved in macrophage accumulation reduces vessel remodeling and blood pressure (BP). Mice treated with ANG II (0.7 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), 14 days) had elevated systolic BP (158 ± 3 mmHg) compared with saline-treated animals (122 ± 3 mmHg). Flow cytometry revealed that ANG II infusion increased numbers of CD45(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(hi) monocytes and CD45(+)CD11b(+)F4/80(+) macrophages by 10- and 2-fold, respectively. The majority of macrophages were positive for the M2 marker CD206 but negative for the M1 marker inducible nitric oxide synthase. Expression of other M2 genes (arginase-1, Fc receptor-like S scavenger receptor, and receptor-1) was elevated in aortas from ANG II-treated mice, whereas M1 genes [TNF and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2] were unaltered. A PCR array to identify chemokine receptor targets for intervention revealed chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) to be upregulated in aortas from ANG II-treated mice, while flow cytometry identified Ly6C(hi) monocytes as the main CCR2-expressing cell type. Intervention with a CCR2 antagonist (INCB3344; 30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), 7 days after the commencement of ANG II infusion, reduced aortic macrophage numbers. INCB334 also reduced aortic collagen deposition, elastin loss, and BP in ANG II-treated mice. Thus, ANG II-dependent hypertension in mice is associated with Ly6C(hi) monocyte and M2 macrophage accumulation in the aorta. Inhibition of macrophage accumulation with a CCR2 antagonist prevents ANG II-induced vessel fibrosis and elevated BP, highlighting this as a promising approach for the future treatment of vessel remodeling/stiffening in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shalini M Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maggie Lieu
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marianne Tare
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland; and
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
The interaction between host immunity and infections in the context of a suppressed immune system presents an opportunity to study the interaction of colonization and infection with the development of acute and chronic pulmonary morbidity and mortality. This article summarizes presentations at the Pittsburgh International Lung Conference about comorbid consequences in two categories of immunosuppressed hosts: HIV-infected individuals and lung transplant recipients. Specifically, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic lung rejection after transplant are three diseases that may be consequences of colonization or infection by viruses or fungi, whether HIV itself or the opportunistic infections Pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus. In the fourth section, we discuss unique aspects of infections after lung transplant as well as the battle against multidrug-resistant organisms in this population and theorize that the immunosuppressed population may provide a unique group of patients in which to study ways to overcome nosocomial pathogenic challenges. These host-pathogen interactions serve as models for developing new strategies to reduce acute and chronic morbidity due to colonization and subclinical infection, and potential therapeutic avenues, which are often overlooked in the clinical arena.
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Hoyt TR, Dobrinen E, Kochetkova I, Meissner N. B cells modulate systemic responses to Pneumocystis murina lung infection and protect on-demand hematopoiesis via T cell-independent innate mechanisms when type I interferon signaling is absent. Infect Immun 2015; 83:743-58. [PMID: 25452554 PMCID: PMC4294237 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02639-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection results in a complex immunodeficiency due to loss of CD4(+) T cells, impaired type I interferon (IFN) responses, and B cell dysfunctions causing susceptibility to opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis murina pneumonia and unexplained comorbidities, including bone marrow dysfunctions. Type I IFNs and B cells critically contribute to immunity to Pneumocystis lung infection. We recently also identified B cells as supporters of on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis infection that would otherwise be hampered due to systemic immune effects initiated in the context of a defective type I IFN system. While studying the role of type I IFNs in immunity to Pneumocystis infection, we discovered that mice lacking both lymphocytes and type I IFN receptor (IFrag(-/-)) developed progressive bone marrow failure following infection, while lymphocyte-competent type I IFN receptor-deficient mice (IFNAR(-/-)) showed transient bone marrow depression and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Lymphocyte reconstitution of lymphocyte-deficient IFrag(-/-) mice pointed to B cells as a key player in bone marrow protection. Here we define how B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis following Pneumocystis lung infection in our model. We demonstrate that adoptive transfer of B cells into IFrag(-/-) mice protects early hematopoietic progenitor activity during systemic responses to Pneumocystis infection, thus promoting replenishment of depleted bone marrow cells. This activity is independent of CD4(+) T cell help and B cell receptor specificity and does not require B cell migration to bone marrow. Furthermore, we show that B cells protect on-demand hematopoiesis in part by induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10)- and IL-27-mediated mechanisms. Thus, our data demonstrate an important immune modulatory role of B cells during Pneumocystis lung infection that complement the modulatory role of type I IFNs to prevent systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri R Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Erin Dobrinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Irina Kochetkova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Nicole Meissner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Beljaars L, Schippers M, Reker-Smit C, Martinez FO, Helming L, Poelstra K, Melgert BN. Hepatic Localization of Macrophage Phenotypes during Fibrogenesis and Resolution of Fibrosis in Mice and Humans. Front Immunol 2014; 5:430. [PMID: 25250030 PMCID: PMC4157549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been found to both promote liver fibrosis and contribute to its resolution by acquiring different phenotypes based on signals from the micro-environment. The best-characterized phenotypes in the macrophage spectrum are labeled M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated). Until now the in situ localization of these phenotypes in diseased livers is poorly described. In this study, we therefore aimed to localize and quantify M1- and M2-dominant macrophages in diseased mouse and human livers. The scarred collagen-rich areas in cirrhotic human livers and in CCl4-damaged mouse livers contained many macrophages. Though total numbers of macrophages were higher in fibrotic livers, the number of parenchymal CD68-positive macrophages was significantly lower as compared to normal. Scar-associated macrophages were further characterized as either M1-dominant (IRF-5 and interleukin-12) or M2-dominant (CD206, transglutaminase-2, and YM-1) and significantly higher numbers of both of these were detected in diseased livers as compared to healthy human and mouse livers. Interestingly, in mouse, livers undergoing resolution of fibrosis, the total number of CD68+ macrophages was significantly lower compared to their fibrotic counterparts. M2-dominant (YM-1) macrophages were almost completely gone in livers undergoing resolution, while numbers of M1-dominant (IRF-5) macrophages were almost unchanged and the proteolytic activity (MMP9) increased. In conclusion, this study shows the distribution of macrophage subsets in livers of both human and murine origin. The presence of M1- and M2-dominant macrophages side by side in fibrotic lesions suggests that both are involved in fibrotic responses, while the persistence of M1-dominant macrophages during resolution may indicate their importance in regression of fibrosis. This study emphasizes that immunohistochemical detection of M1/M2-dominant macrophages provides valuable information in addition to widely used flow cytometry and gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Marlies Schippers
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Laura Helming
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
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Aggarwal NR, King LS, D'Alessio FR. Diverse macrophage populations mediate acute lung inflammation and resolution. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L709-25. [PMID: 24508730 PMCID: PMC3989724 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00341.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating disease with distinct pathological stages. Fundamental to ARDS is the acute onset of lung inflammation as a part of the body's immune response to a variety of local and systemic stimuli. In patients surviving the inflammatory and subsequent fibroproliferative stages, transition from injury to resolution and recovery is an active process dependent on a series of highly coordinated events regulated by the immune system. Experimental animal models of acute lung injury (ALI) reproduce key components of the injury and resolution phases of human ARDS and provide a methodology to explore mechanisms and potential new therapies. Macrophages are essential to innate immunity and host defense, playing a featured role in the lung and alveolar space. Key aspects of their biological response, including differentiation, phenotype, function, and cellular interactions, are determined in large part by the presence, severity, and chronicity of local inflammation. Studies support the importance of macrophages to initiate and maintain the inflammatory response, as well as a determinant of resolution of lung inflammation and repair. We will discuss distinct roles for lung macrophages during early inflammatory and late resolution phases of ARDS using experimental animal models. In addition, each section will highlight human studies that relate to the diverse role of macrophages in initiation and resolution of ALI and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Aggarwal
- Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Rm. 4B.68, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224.
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Vermeij EA, Koenders MI, Blom AB, Arntz OJ, Bennink MB, van den Berg WB, van Lent PL, van de Loo FA. In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Cathepsin and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Discriminates between Arthritic and Osteoarthritic Processes in Mice. Mol Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Herold S, Gabrielli NM, Vadász I. Novel concepts of acute lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L665-81. [PMID: 24039257 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize recent major advances in our understanding on the molecular mechanisms, mediators, and biomarkers of acute lung injury (ALI) and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, highlighting the role of immune cells, inflammatory and noninflammatory signaling events, mechanical noxae, and the affected cellular and molecular entities and functions. Furthermore, we address novel aspects of resolution and repair of ALI, as well as putative candidates for treatment of ALI, including pharmacological and cellular therapeutic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig Univ., Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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