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Roberts JD. Nitric oxide regulation of fetal and newborn lung development and function. Nitric Oxide 2024; 147:13-25. [PMID: 38588917 PMCID: PMC11148871 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the developing lung, nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling are essential in regulating lung formation and vascular tone. Animal studies have linked many anatomical and pathophysiological features of newborn lung disease to abnormalities in the NO/cGMP signaling system. They have demonstrated that driving this system with agonists and antagonists alleviates many of them. This research has spurred the rapid clinical development, testing, and application of several NO/cGMP-targeting therapies with the hope of treating and potentially preventing significant pediatric lung diseases. However, there are instances when the therapeutic effectiveness of these agents is limited. Studies indicate that injury-induced disruption of several critical components within the signaling system may hinder the promise of some of these therapies. Recent research has identified basic mechanisms that suppress NO/cGMP signaling in the injured newborn lung. They have also pinpointed biomarkers that offer insight into the activation of these pathogenic mechanisms and their influence on the NO/cGMP signaling system's integrity in vivo. Together, these will guide the development of new therapies to protect NO/cGMP signaling and safeguard newborn lung development and function. This review summarizes the important role of the NO/cGMP signaling system in regulating pulmonary development and function and our evolving understanding of how it is disrupted by newborn lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services and the Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital - East, 149 13th St, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Shuvaev S, Knipe RS, Drummond M, Rotile NJ, Ay I, Weigand-Whittier JP, Ma H, Zhou IY, Roberts JD, Black K, Hariri LP, Ning Y, Caravan P. Optimization of an Allysine-Targeted PET Probe for Quantifying Fibrogenesis in a Mouse Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:944-953. [PMID: 37610609 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a destructive lung disease with a poor prognosis, an unpredictable clinical course, and inadequate therapies. There are currently no measures of disease activity to guide clinicians making treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to develop a PET probe to identify lung fibrogenesis using a pre-clinical model of pulmonary fibrosis, with potential for translation into clinical use to predict disease progression and inform treatment decisions. METHODS Eight novel allysine-targeting chelators, PIF-1, PIF-2, …, PIF-8, with different aldehyde-reactive moieties were designed, synthesized, and radiolabeled with gallium-68 or copper-64. PET probe performance was assessed in C57BL/6J male mice 2 weeks after intratracheal bleomycin challenge and in naïve mice by dynamic PET/MR imaging and with biodistribution at 90 min post injection. Lung hydroxyproline and allysine were quantified ex vivo and histological staining for fibrosis and aldehyde was performed. RESULTS In vivo screening of probes identified 68GaPIF-3 and 68GaPIF-7 as probes with high uptake in injured lung, high uptake in injured lung versus normal lung, and high uptake in injured lung versus adjacent liver and heart tissue. A crossover, intra-animal PET/MR imaging study of 68GaPIF-3 and 68GaPIF-7 confirmed 68GaPIF-7 as the superior probe. Specificity for fibrogenesis was confirmed in a crossover, intra-animal PET/MR imaging study with 68GaPIF-7 and a non-binding control compound, 68GaPIF-Ctrl. Substituting copper-64 for gallium-68 did not affect lung uptake or specificity indicating that either isotope could be used. CONCLUSION A series of allysine-reactive PET probes with variations in the aldehyde-reactive moiety were evaluated in a pre-clinical model of lung fibrosis. The hydrazine-bearing probe, 68GaPIF-7, exhibited the highest uptake in fibrogenic lung, low uptake in surrounding liver or heart tissue, and low lung uptake in healthy mice and should be considered for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shuvaev
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Rachel S Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matt Drummond
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Nicholas J Rotile
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA
| | - Ilknur Ay
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA
| | | | - Hua Ma
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA
| | - Iris Yuwen Zhou
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, USA
| | - Katherine Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingying Ning
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Boston, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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Roberts JD. LungElast-an open-source, flexible, low-cost, microprocessor-controlled mouse lung elastometer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11246. [PMID: 37438462 PMCID: PMC10338507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of mouse lung mechanics provides essential insights into the physiological mechanisms of pulmonary disease. Consequently, investigators assemble custom systems comprising infusion-withdrawal syringe pumps and analog pressure sensors to investigate the lung function of these animals. But these systems are expensive and require ongoing regulation, making them challenging to use. Here I introduce LungElast, an open-source, inexpensive, and self-contained instrument that can experimentally determine lung elasticity and volumes even in immature mice. It is assembled using custom 3D printed parts and readily available or easily constructed components. In this device, a microprocessor-controlled stepper motor automatically regulates lung volume by precisely driving a syringe piston whose position is determined using time-of-flight LIDAR technology. The airway pressures associated with the lung volumes are determined using compact sensor-on-chip technology, retrieved in a digital format, and stored by the microcontroller. The instrument software is modular, which eases device testing, calibration, and use. Data are also provided here that specify the accuracy and precision of the elastometer's sensors and volume delivery and demonstrate its use with lung models and mouse pups. This instrument has excellent potential for research and educational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services and the Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital - East, 149 13th St, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Chen YC, Waghorn PA, Rosales IA, Arora G, Erstad DJ, Rotile NJ, Jones CM, Ferreira DS, Wei L, Martinez RV, Schlerman FJ, Wellen J, Fuchs BC, Colvin RB, Ay I, Caravan P. Molecular MR Imaging of Renal Fibrogenesis in Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1159-1165. [PMID: 37094382 PMCID: PMC10356170 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most CKDs, lysyl oxidase oxidation of collagen forms allysine side chains, which then form stable crosslinks. We hypothesized that MRI with the allysine-targeted probe Gd-oxyamine (OA) could be used to measure this process and noninvasively detect renal fibrosis. METHODS Two mouse models were used: hereditary nephritis in Col4a3-deficient mice (Alport model) and a glomerulonephritis model, nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). MRI measured the difference in kidney relaxation rate, ΔR1, after intravenous Gd-OA administration. Renal tissue was collected for biochemical and histological analysis. RESULTS ΔR1 was increased in the renal cortex of NTN mice and in both the cortex and the medulla of Alport mice. Ex vivo tissue analyses showed increased collagen and Gd-OA levels in fibrotic renal tissues and a high correlation between tissue collagen and ΔR1. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging using Gd-OA is potentially a valuable tool for detecting and staging renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ching Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Philip A. Waghorn
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivy A. Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gunisha Arora
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chloe M. Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diego S. Ferreira
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Wei
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert V.P. Martinez
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeremy Wellen
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert B. Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ilknur Ay
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lysyl Oxidases: Orchestrators of Cellular Behavior and ECM Remodeling and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911378. [PMID: 36232685 PMCID: PMC9569843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidases have long been considered key secreted extracellular matrix modifying enzymes. As such, their activity has been associated with the crosslinking of collagens and elastin, and as a result, they have been linked to multiple developmental and pathological processes. However, numerous lines of evidence also demonstrated that members of this enzyme family are localized and are active within the cytoplasm or cell nuclei, where they regulate and participate in distinct cellular events. In this review, we focus on a few of these events and highlight the intracellular role these enzymes play. Close examination of these events, suggest that the intracellular activities of lysyl oxidases is mostly observed in processes where concomitant changes in the extracellular matrix takes place. Here, we suggest that the LOX family members act in the relay between changes in the cells’ environment and the intracellular processes that promote them or that follow.
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Ning Y, Zhou IY, Roberts JD, Rotile NJ, Akam E, Barrett SC, Sojoodi M, Barr MN, Punshon T, Pantazopoulos P, Drescher HK, Jackson BP, Tanabe KK, Caravan P. Molecular MRI quantification of extracellular aldehyde pairs for early detection of liver fibrogenesis and response to treatment. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq6297. [PMID: 36130015 PMCID: PMC10189657 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis plays a critical role in the evolution of most chronic liver diseases and is characterized by a buildup of extracellular matrix, which can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, or death. Now, there are no noninvasive methods available to accurately assess disease activity (fibrogenesis) to sensitively detect early onset of fibrosis or to detect early response to treatment. Here, we hypothesized that extracellular allysine aldehyde (LysAld) pairs formed by collagen oxidation during active fibrosis could be a target for assessing fibrogenesis with a molecular probe. We showed that molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an extracellular probe targeting these LysAld pairs acts as a noninvasive biomarker of fibrogenesis and demonstrated its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting fibrogenesis in toxin- and dietary-induced mouse models, a cholestasis rat model of liver fibrogenesis, and in human fibrotic liver tissues. Quantitative molecular MRI was highly correlated with fibrogenesis markers and enabled noninvasive detection of early onset fibrosis and response to antifibrotic treatment, showing high potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ning
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Iris. Y. Zhou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jesse D. Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eman Akam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stephen C. Barrett
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthew N. Barr
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hannah K. Drescher
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03766, USA
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Ning Y, Zhou IY, Rotile NJ, Pantazopoulos P, Wang H, Barrett SC, Sojoodi M, Tanabe KK, Caravan P. Dual Hydrazine-Equipped Turn-On Manganese-Based Probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrogenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16553-16558. [PMID: 35998740 PMCID: PMC10083724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrogenesis is accompanied by upregulation of lysyl oxidase enzymes, which catalyze oxidation of lysine ε-amino groups on the extracellular matrix proteins to form the aldehyde containing amino acid allysine (LysAld). Here, we describe the design and synthesis of novel manganese-based MRI probes with high signal amplification for imaging liver fibrogenesis. Rational design of a series of stable hydrazine-equipped manganese MRI probes gives Mn-2CHyd with the highest affinity and turn-on relaxivity (4-fold) upon reaction with LysAld. A dynamic PET-MRI study using [52Mn]Mn-2CHyd showed low liver uptake of the probe in healthy mice. The ability of the probe to detect liver fibrogenesis was then demonstrated in vivo in CCl4-injured mice. This study enables further development and application of manganese-based hydrazine-equipped probes for imaging liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ning
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Iris Y. Zhou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stephen Cole Barrett
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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