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Menezes PMN, Araújo TCDL, Pereira ECV, Neto JA, Silva DS, Brito MC, Lima KSB, Monte APOD, Matos MHTD, Lima RSD, Ribeiro LADA, Silva FS, Rolim LA. Investigation of antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiasthmatic, and spasmolytic activities of Brazilian Cannabis sativa L. roots in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114259. [PMID: 34058314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many studies are performed with the aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae). However, roots remain poorly studied, despite citations in the scientific literature. The C. sativa roots are indicated for the treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, among other health problems. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiasthmatic, and spasmolytic activities of C. sativa roots in experimental models using mice and rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical composition of the aqueous extract of C. sativa roots (AECsR) was evaluated by LC-MS. The antinociceptive activity was assessed in mice by the induction of writhing with acetic acid, paw licking with formalin, and reactivity in the hot plate test. Fever was induced by the administration of a suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in young rats. The asthmatic activity was performed with ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice with cellular and histological analysis. Finally, the spasmolytic activity was performed using mice isolated trachea. For in vivo studies, the doses were 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg whereas for in vitro, the concentration of AECsR was 729 μg/mL. RESULTS From the LC-MS data, we identified p-coumaroyltyramine, feruloyltyramine canabissativine in AECsR. The extract promoted a reduction of writhing in all tested doses (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg). Similarly, it reduced the pain in the formalin test at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (first phase) and 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (second phase). In the hot plate test, the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg promoted antinociceptive effect at different times, and the lowest dose maintained its action in the analyzes performed at 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. The anti-inflammatory activity of AECsR was observed in the mouse model of asthma, reducing the total leukocyte count in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) at a dose of 25 mg/kg, as well as reducing eosinophilia in all tested doses (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Histological analysis of lungs stained with H&E and PAS showed a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in the perivascular and peribronchial region, as well as reduced mucus production. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AECsR promotes pain control, either by a central or inflammatory mechanism, and has antiasthmatic activity. However, there was no antipyretic or spasmolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janaine Almeida Neto
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - David Souza Silva
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Coelho Brito
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciano Augusto de Araújo Ribeiro
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Souza Silva
- Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - RENORBIO, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco- UFRPE, Recife/PE, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Biociências - PGB, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina/PE, Brazil.
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Xue Y, Bao W, Zhou Y, Fu Q, Hao H, Han L, Yin D, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang M. Small-Airway Dysfunction is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Asthma: Evidence from Two Mouse Models. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:883-896. [PMID: 34285515 PMCID: PMC8286250 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s312361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been growing evidence of small-airway dysfunction in patients with asthma. Few studies have evaluated the mechanism of small-airway dysfunction in mouse models of asthma. Purpose We explored the correlation between small-airway spirometric variables and large-airway function or inflammation in different endotypes of asthma. Methods Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization/challenge was used to produce a type 2 (T2)-high asthma model, and OVA combined with ozone exposure (OVA + ozone) was used for the T2-low asthma model with increased neutrophils. Spirometry, airway responsiveness, cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pathological analyses of lung slices stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, and Masson’s trichrome stain were all determined. Muc5ac expression in lung tissue was evaluated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and alpha-smooth muscle actin was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results Inflammatory cells infiltrated the lung tissue and inflammatory cytokines were increased in the BALF of both the OVA and OVA + ozone groups, compared with the control group. Peribronchial hypersecretion and collagen deposition were evident in the models. The OVA + ozone group showed greater neutrophilic infiltration and peribronchial smooth muscle proliferation than the OVA group. Large-airway obstruction, small-airway dysfunction, and airway hyperresponsiveness were confirmed in both models. Small-airway functional variables, such as MMEF (mean midexpiratory flow, average flow from 25 to 75% forced vital capacity [FVC]) and FEF50 (forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC), were positively correlated with large-airway function and had a stronger negative correlation with airway inflammation, mucus secretion, and responsiveness than large-airway function. Conclusion Small-airway dysfunction was evident in the two endotypes of asthma and was correlated with severe airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The small airways may be an important target in asthma treatment, and further research in the role of small-airway variables in the pathogenesis of asthma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuping Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongning Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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Chen J, Chen YQ, Wang SN, Duan FX, Shi YJ, Ding SQ, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Effect of VX‑765 on the transcriptome profile of mice spinal cords with acute injury. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:33-42. [PMID: 32377730 PMCID: PMC7248530 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that caspase-1 plays an important role in the acute inflammatory response of spinal cord injury (SCI). VX‑765, a novel and irreversible caspase‑1 inhibitor, has been reported to effectively intervene in inflammation. However, the effect of VX‑765 on genome‑wide transcription in acutely injured spinal cords remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, RNA‑sequencing (RNA‑Seq) was used to analyze the effect of VX‑765 on the local expression of gene transcription 8 h following injury. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) underwent enrichment analysis of functions and pathways by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, respectively. Parallel analysis of western blot confirmed that VX‑765 can effectively inhibit the expression and activation of caspase‑1. RNA‑Seq showed that VX‑765 treatment resulted in 1,137 upregulated and 1,762 downregulated DEGs. These downregulated DEGs and their associated signaling pathways, such as focal adhesion, cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction, leukocyte transendothelial migration, extracellular matrix‑receptor interaction, phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase‑protein kinase B, Rap1 and hypoxia inducible factor‑1 signaling pathway, are mainly associated with inflammatory response, local hypoxia, macrophage differentiation, adhesion migration and apoptosis of local cells. This suggests that the application of VX‑765 in the acute phase can improve the local microenvironment of SCI by inhibiting caspase‑1. However, whether VX‑765 can be used as a therapeutic drug for SCI requires further exploration. The sequence data have been deposited into the Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA548970).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Nan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Xiang Duan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Balk-Møller E, Windeløv JA, Svendsen B, Hunt J, Ghiasi SM, Sørensen CM, Holst JJ, Kissow H. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in a Female Mouse Model of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Endocr Soc 2019; 4:bvz034. [PMID: 32010874 PMCID: PMC6984785 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is protective in lung disease models but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Because the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) also has beneficial effects in lung disease, we hypothesized that GLP-1 effects may be mediated by ANP expression. To study this putative link, we used a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and assessed lung function by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. In 1 study, we investigated the role of endogenous GLP-1 by genetic GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) knockout (KO) and pharmaceutical blockade of the GLP-1R with the antagonist exendin-9 to -39 (EX-9). In another study the effects of exogenous GLP-1 were assessed. Lastly, we investigated the bronchodilatory properties of ANP and a GLP-1R agonist on isolated bronchial sections from healthy and COPD mice. Lung function did not differ between mice receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and EX-9 or between GLP-1R KO mice and their wild-type littermates. The COPD mice receiving GLP-1R agonist improved pulmonary function (P < .01) with less inflammation, but no less emphysema compared to PBS-treated mice. Compared with the PBS-treated mice, treatment with GLP-1 agonist increased ANP (nppa) gene expression by 10-fold (P < .01) and decreased endothelin-1 (P < .01), a peptide associated with bronchoconstriction. ANP had moderate bronchodilatory effects in isolated bronchial sections and GLP-1R agonist also showed bronchodilatory properties but less than ANP. Responses to both peptides were significantly increased in COPD mice (P < .05, P < .01). Taken together, our study suggests a link between GLP-1 and ANP in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Balk-Møller
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Agerlin Windeløv
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Svendsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenna Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tartaglione G, Spaziano G, Sgambato M, Russo TP, Liparulo A, Esposito R, Mirra S, Filosa R, Roviezzo F, Polverino F, D'Agostino B. Nociceptin/Orphanin Fq in inflammation and remodeling of the small airways in experimental model of airway hyperresponsiveness. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13906. [PMID: 30370666 PMCID: PMC6204362 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that airway inflammation and remodeling play a key role not only in the central airway but also small airway pathology during asthma. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), an endogenous peptide, and its receptor N/OFQ peptide (NOP) are involved in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We studied a murine model of AHR in order to understand the role of N/OFQ in the inflammation and remodeling of the small airways. Balb/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA). At days 0 and 7 (pre-OVA sensitization) or from day 21 to 23 (post-OVA sensitization), the mice were treated intraperitoneally with N/OFQ or saline solution. After the last OVA challenge, all OVA-sensitized mice were aerosol-challenged with 1% OVA in PBS for 48 h, and then euthanized. Small airway compliance (sCaw ) was measured and lung samples were collected for histological and molecular evaluations such as perimeter and diameter of small airway, total wall area, airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickness and number of alveolar attachments. Both pre- and post-OVA sensitization N/OFQ treatments induced: (1) increases in sCaw ; (2) reduction of the bronchial wall thickness; (3) attenuation of the hyperplastic phase of airway smooth muscle mass; and (4) protection against loss of alveolar attachments compared with saline solution treatments. These results suggest that N/OFQ protects against inflammation, and mechanical damage and remodeling of small airways caused by OVA sensitization, suggesting a new potential therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Tartaglione
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Manuela Sgambato
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Teresa Palmira Russo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Angela Liparulo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Renata Esposito
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Salvatore Mirra
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | | | | | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental MedicineSchool of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
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Functional characterisation and application of an ex vivo perfusion-superfusion system in murine airways. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 84:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Yarova PL, Stewart AL, Sathish V, Britt RD, Thompson MA, P Lowe AP, Freeman M, Aravamudan B, Kita H, Brennan SC, Schepelmann M, Davies T, Yung S, Cholisoh Z, Kidd EJ, Ford WR, Broadley KJ, Rietdorf K, Chang W, Bin Khayat ME, Ward DT, Corrigan CJ, T Ward JP, Kemp PJ, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Riccardi D. Calcium-sensing receptor antagonists abrogate airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergic asthma. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:284ra60. [PMID: 25904744 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation are fundamental hallmarks of allergic asthma that are accompanied by increases in certain polycations, such as eosinophil cationic protein. Levels of these cations in body fluids correlate with asthma severity. We show that polycations and elevated extracellular calcium activate the human recombinant and native calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), leading to intracellular calcium mobilization, cyclic adenosine monophosphate breakdown, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. These effects can be prevented by CaSR antagonists, termed calcilytics. Moreover, asthmatic patients and allergen-sensitized mice expressed more CaSR in ASMs than did their healthy counterparts. Indeed, polycations induced hyperreactivity in mouse bronchi, and this effect was prevented by calcilytics and absent in mice with CaSR ablation from ASM. Calcilytics also reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergen-sensitized mice in vivo. These data show that a functional CaSR is up-regulated in asthmatic ASM and targeted by locally produced polycations to induce hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Thus, calcilytics may represent effective asthma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina L Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Alecia L Stewart
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Rodney D Britt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Alexander P P Lowe
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Michelle Freeman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarah C Brennan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Thomas Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Sun Yung
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Zakky Cholisoh
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Emma J Kidd
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - William R Ford
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Kenneth J Broadley
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohd E Bin Khayat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Donald T Ward
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Jeremy P T Ward
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Zhang CH, Lifshitz LM, Uy KF, Ikebe M, Fogarty KE, ZhuGe R. The cellular and molecular basis of bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001501. [PMID: 23472053 PMCID: PMC3589262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter tastants can activate bitter taste receptors on constricted smooth muscle cells to inhibit L-type calcium channels and induce bronchodilation. Bronchodilators are a standard medicine for treating airway obstructive diseases, and β2 adrenergic receptor agonists have been the most commonly used bronchodilators since their discovery. Strikingly, activation of G-protein-coupled bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in airway smooth muscle (ASM) causes a stronger bronchodilation in vitro and in vivo than β2 agonists, implying that new and better bronchodilators could be developed. A critical step towards realizing this potential is to understand the mechanisms underlying this bronchodilation, which remain ill-defined. An influential hypothesis argues that bitter tastants generate localized Ca2+ signals, as revealed in cultured ASM cells, to activate large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, which in turn hyperpolarize the membrane, leading to relaxation. Here we report that in mouse primary ASM cells bitter tastants neither evoke localized Ca2+ events nor alter spontaneous local Ca2+ transients. Interestingly, they increase global intracellular [Ca2+]i, although to a much lower level than bronchoconstrictors. We show that these Ca2+ changes in cells at rest are mediated via activation of the canonical bitter taste signaling cascade (i.e., TAS2R-gustducin-phospholipase Cβ [PLCβ]- inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor [IP3R]), and are not sufficient to impact airway contractility. But activation of TAS2Rs fully reverses the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by bronchoconstrictors, and this lowering of the [Ca2+]i is necessary for bitter tastant-induced ASM cell relaxation. We further show that bitter tastants inhibit L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), resulting in reversal in [Ca2+]i, and this inhibition can be prevented by pertussis toxin and G-protein βγ subunit inhibitors, but not by the blockers of PLCβ and IP3R. Together, we suggest that TAS2R stimulation activates two opposing Ca2+ signaling pathways via Gβγ to increase [Ca2+]i at rest while blocking activated L-type VDCCs to induce bronchodilation of contracted ASM. We propose that the large decrease in [Ca2+]i caused by effective tastant bronchodilators provides an efficient cell-based screening method for identifying potent dilators from among the many thousands of available bitter tastants. Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), a G-protein-coupled receptor family long thought to be solely expressed in taste buds on the tongue, have recently been detected in airways. Bitter substances can activate TAS2Rs in airway smooth muscle to cause greater bronchodilation than β2 adrenergic receptor agonists, the most commonly used bronchodilators. However, the mechanisms underlying this bronchodilation remain elusive. Here we show that, in resting primary airway smooth muscle cells, bitter tastants activate a TAS2R-dependent signaling pathway that results in an increase in intracellular calcium levels, albeit to a level much lower than that produced by bronchoconstrictors. In bronchoconstricted cells, however, bitter tastants reverse the bronchoconstrictor-induced increase in calcium levels, which leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. We find that this reversal is due to inhibition of L-type calcium channels. Our results suggest that under normal conditions, bitter tastants can activate TAS2Rs to modestly increase calcium levels, but that when smooth muscle cells are constricted, they can block L-type calcium channels to induce bronchodilation. We postulate that this novel mechanism could operate in other extraoral cells expressing TAS2Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lawrence M. Lifshitz
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karl F. Uy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin E. Fogarty
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Wooldridge AA, Dillon AR, Tillson DM, Zhong Q, Barney SR. Isometric responses of isolated intrapulmonary bronchioles from cats with and without adult heartworm infection. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:439-46. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Taylor SJ, Mann TS, Henry PJ. Influence of influenza A infection on capsaicin-induced responses in murine airways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:377-85. [PMID: 22062353 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal aim of the study was to determine the influence of influenza A virus infection on capsaicin-induced relaxation responses in mouse isolated tracheal segments and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Anesthetized mice were intranasally inoculated with influenza A/PR-8/34 virus (VIRUS) or vehicle (SHAM), and 4 days later tracheal segments were harvested for isometric tension recording and biochemical and histologic analyses. Capsaicin induced dose-dependent relaxation responses in carbachol-contracted SHAM trachea (e.g., 10 μM capsaicin produced 66 ± 4% relaxation; n = 11), which were significantly inhibited by capsazepine [transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist], (2S,3S)-3-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy}-2-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride (L-733,060) [neurokinin 1 (NK₁) receptor antagonist], indomethacin [cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor], and the combination of 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid (AH6809) and 7-[5α-([1S,1α(Z)-biphenyl]-4-ylmethoxy)-2β-(4-morpholinyl)-3-oxocyclopentyl]-4-heptenoic acid, calcium salt, hydrate (AH23848) [E-prostanoid (EP)₂ and EP₄ receptor antagonists, respectively], indicating that capsaicin-induced relaxation involved the TRPV1-mediated release of substance P (SP), activation of epithelial NK₁ receptors, and production of COX products capable of activating relaxant EP₂/EP₄ receptors. Consistent with this postulate, capsaicin-induced relaxation was associated with the significant release of SP and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) from mouse tracheal segments. As expected, influenza A virus infection was associated with widespread disruption of the tracheal epithelium. Tracheal segments from VIRUS mice responded weakly to capsaicin (7 ± 3% relaxation) and were 25-fold less responsive to SP than tracheas from SHAM mice. In contrast, relaxation responses to exogenous PGE₂ and the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline were not inhibited in VIRUS trachea. Virus infection was associated with impaired capsaicin-induced release of PGE₂, but the release of SP was not affected. In summary, influenza A virus infection profoundly inhibits capsaicin- and SP-induced relaxation responses, most likely by inhibiting the production of PGE₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Taylor
- Pharmacology and Anesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Li F, Zhang M, Hussain F, Triantaphyllopoulos K, Clark A, Bhavsar P, Zhou X, Chung K. Inhibition of p38 MAPK-dependent bronchial contraction after ozone by corticosteroids. Eur Respir J 2011; 37:933-42. [PMID: 20693246 PMCID: PMC3331993 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00021110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We determined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractile responses following ozone and modulation by corticosteroids. Mice were exposed to air or ozone (3 ppm for 3 h) and isometric contractile responses of bronchial rings to acetylcholine (ACh) were measured using a myograph in the presence of p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB239063 (10⁻⁶ M) or dexamethasone (10⁻⁶ M). Because MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 is a negative regulator of p38 MAPK, we also studied these effects in MKP-1(-/-) mice. Bronchial rings from ozone-exposed wild-type and MKP-1(-/-) mice showed increased contractile responses, with a leftward shift of the dose-response curve in MKP-1(-/-) mice. SB239063 inhibited bronchial contraction equally in air- and ozone-exposed C57/BL6 and MKP-1(-/-) mice. Dexamethasone inhibited ACh-induced bronchial contraction in both air- and ozone-exposed C57/BL6 mice, but not in air- or ozone-exposed MKP-1(-/-) mice. ACh-stimulated p38 MAPK and heat shock protein (HSP)27 phosphorylation, as measured by Western blotting, and this effect was suppressed by SB239063 in C57/BL6 and MKP-1(-/-) mice, but not by dexamethasone in either air- or ozone-exposed MKP-1(-/-) mice. p38 MAPK plays a role in maximal ACh-induced isometric contractile responses and increased contractility induced by ozone. Dexamethasone inhibits ACh-induced ASM contraction through phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Li
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated First People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Experimental Studies, Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M. Zhang
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated First People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Experimental Studies, Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - F. Hussain
- Experimental Studies, Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - K. Triantaphyllopoulos
- Experimental Studies, Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - A.R. Clark
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - P.K. Bhavsar
- Experimental Studies, Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - X. Zhou
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated First People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - K.F. Chung
- Experimental Studies, Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Zhang WC, Peng YJ, Zhang GS, He WQ, Qiao YN, Dong YY, Gao YQ, Chen C, Zhang CH, Li W, Shen HH, Ning W, Kamm KE, Stull JT, Gao X, Zhu MS. Myosin light chain kinase is necessary for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:5522-31. [PMID: 20018858 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.062836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different interacting signaling modules involving Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase, Ca(2+)-independent regulatory light chain phosphorylation, myosin phosphatase inhibition, and actin filament-based proteins are proposed as specific cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. However, the relative importance of specific modules is not well defined. By using tamoxifen-activated and smooth muscle-specific knock-out of myosin light chain kinase in mice, we analyzed its role in tonic airway smooth muscle contraction. Knock-out of the kinase in both tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle significantly reduced contraction and myosin phosphorylation responses to K(+)-depolarization and acetylcholine. Kinase-deficient mice lacked bronchial constrictions in normal and asthmatic airways, whereas the asthmatic inflammation response was not affected. These results indicate that myosin light chain kinase acts as a central participant in the contractile signaling module of tonic smooth muscle. Importantly, contractile airway smooth muscles are necessary for physiological and asthmatic airway resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Lab of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing 210061, China
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Chanez P, Wenzel SE, Anderson GP, Anto JM, Bel EH, Boulet LP, Brightling CE, Busse WW, Castro M, Dahlen B, Dahlen SE, Fabbri LM, Holgate ST, Humbert M, Gaga M, Joos GF, Levy B, Rabe KF, Sterk PJ, Wilson SJ, Vachier I. Severe asthma in adults: what are the important questions? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1337-48. [PMID: 17416409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The term severe refractory asthma (SRA) in adults applies to patients who remain difficult to control despite extensive re-evaluation of diagnosis and management following an observational period of at least 6 months by a specialist. Factors that influence asthma control should be recognized and adequately addressed prior to confirming the diagnosis of SRA. This report presents statements according to the literature defining SRA in order address the important questions. Phenotyping SRA will improve our understanding of mechanisms, natural history, and prognosis. Female gender, obesity, and smoking are associated with SRA. Atopy is less frequent in SRA, but occupational sensitizers are common inducers of new-onset SRA. Viruses contribute to severe exacerbations and can persist in the airways for long periods. Inflammatory cells are in the airways of the majority of patients with SRA and persist despite steroid therapy. The T(H)2 immune process alone is inadequate to explain SRA. Reduced responsiveness to corticosteroids is common, and epithelial cell and smooth muscle abnormalities are found, contributing to airway narrowing. Large and small airway wall thickening is observed, but parenchymal abnormalities may influence airway limitation. Inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators are the mainstay of treatment, but patients with SRA remain uncontrolled, indicating a need for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Chanez
- INSERM U454 and Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, Montpellier, France.
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