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Khayatan D, Razavi SM, Arab ZN, Hosseini Y, Niknejad A, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Superoxide dismutase: a key target for the neuroprotective effects of curcumin. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:693-705. [PMID: 37166541 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) has increased dramatically. The community health system is burdened by the high healthcare costs associated with NDD. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a type of metalloenzyme that possesses a distinct characteristic of protecting the body from oxidative stress through antioxidants. In this way, SOD supplementation may activate the endogenous antioxidant mechanism in various pathological conditions and could be used to neutralize free radical excess. Several factors are responsible for damaging DNA and RNA in the body, including the overproduction of reactive species, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Excessive ROS/RNS have deleterious effects on mitochondria and their metabolic processes, mainly through increased mitochondrial proteins, lipids and DNA oxidation. Studies have shown that oxidative stress is implicated in the etiology of many diseases, including NDD. It is thought that anti-inflammatory compounds, particularly phytochemicals, can interfere with these pathways and regulate inflammation. Extensive experimental and clinical research has proven that curcumin (Cur) has anti-inflammatory and anti-neurologic properties. In this review, we have compiled the available data on Cur's anti-inflammatory properties, paying special attention to its therapeutic impact on NDD through SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi Arab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Mohanta YK, Kumar Mohanta T, Kumar S, Singh I, Saad Khan M, Ranjan Rauta P, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, F Alasmari A. In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan-PVA Hydrogels: Antimicrobial and Potential Wound Healing Activity. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050394. [PMID: 37232986 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been used in traditional medicine forages. The present study aimed to develop a curcumin-based hydrogel system and assess its antimicrobial potential and wound healing (WH) activity on an invitro and in silico basis. A topical hydrogel was prepared using chitosan, PVA, and Curcumin in varied ratios, and hydrogels were evaluated for physicochemical properties. The hydrogel showed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. In silico studies showed good binding energy scores and significant interaction of curcumin components with key residues of inflammatory proteins that help in WH activity. Dissolution studies showed sustained release of curcumin. Overall, the results indicated wound healing potential of chitosan-PVA-curcumin hydrogel films. Further in vivo experiments are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of such films for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nano-Biotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar 140111, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Pradipta Ranjan Rauta
- Department of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, EAST Campus, Prachi Vihar Anantapur, Phulnakhara, Bhubaneswar 754001, Odisha, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao Y, Dai C, Wang Z, Chen W, Liu J, Zhuo R, Yu A, Huang S. A novel curcumin-loaded composite dressing facilitates wound healing due to its natural antioxidant effect. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3269-3280. [PMID: 31571829 PMCID: PMC6754538 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s219224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To prepare a novel wound dressing to facilitate cutaneous wound healing. Methods Curcumin (Cur) was added to the ring-shaped β-cyclodextrin (CD) to form a β-CD–Cur inclusion complex (CD-Cur). CD-Cur was then integrated into a composite chitosan–alginate (CA) mix. Finally, CA-CD-Cur was generated with a freeze-drying technique. Water-uptake capacity, degradation rate, and drug-release kinetics of the newly formed dressing were investigated in vitro. In animal studies, cutaneous wounds in rats were created, treated with CA-CD-Cur, then compared to CA-Cur, CA, and gauze. Results CA-CD-Cur–treated wounds showed accelerated closure rates, improved histopathological results, and lower SOD, lipid peroxidation, pI3K, and pAktkt levels than other groups. On the contrary, catalase, IκBα, and TGFβ1 levels were higher than others. Conclusion CA-CD-Cur may facilitate cutaneous wound dressing that facilitate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hubei University of Medicine Affliated Taihe Hospital, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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Barchitta M, Maugeri A, Favara G, Magnano San Lio R, Evola G, Agodi A, Basile G. Nutrition and Wound Healing: An Overview Focusing on the Beneficial Effects of Curcumin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051119. [PMID: 30841550 PMCID: PMC6429075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing implicates several biological and molecular events, such as coagulation, inflammation, migration-proliferation, and remodeling. Here, we provide an overview of the effects of malnutrition and specific nutrients on this process, focusing on the beneficial effects of curcumin. We have summarized that protein loss may negatively affect the whole immune process, while adequate intake of carbohydrates is necessary for fibroblast migration during the proliferative phase. Beyond micronutrients, arginine and glutamine, vitamin A, B, C, and D, zinc, and iron are essential for inflammatory process and synthesis of collagen. Notably, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of curcumin might reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and restore the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant activity. Since curcumin induces apoptosis of inflammatory cells during the early phase of wound healing, it could also accelerate the healing process by shortening the inflammatory phase. Moreover, curcumin might facilitate collagen synthesis, fibroblasts migration, and differentiation. Although curcumin could be considered as a wound healing agent, especially if topically administered, further research in wound patients is recommended to achieve appropriate nutritional approaches for wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Favara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Magnano San Lio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Evola
- General and Emergency Surgery Department, Garibaldi Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria di Gesù, 95100 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Guido Basile
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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Zhao Y, Liu JG, Chen WM, Yu AX. Efficacy of thermosensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel loaded with β-cyclodextrin-curcumin for the treatment of cutaneous wound infection in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1304-1313. [PMID: 29434717 PMCID: PMC5776171 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound infection has been a persistent problem that is common and costly. Thermosensitive hydrogel has been demonstrated to be a suitable dressing candidate due to its high moldability, easy administration and ability to maintain a moist topical environment at the wound bed. In the present study, a novel thermosensitive hydrogel was successfully prepared and characterized to have a porous inner structure and a sustained curcumin-releasing profile. The wound healing ability of the hydrogel was investigated in a wound infection model in rats. On analysis, it was observed that the hydrogel complex-dressed wounds exhibited a faster wound closure rate compared with gauze-covered wounds, which was paralleled with improved histological outcomes that were observed. Additionally, the results of in vitro antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays indicated that the hydrogel complex had distinct anti-oxidative, antimicrobial and anti-nuclear factor-κB-signaling capacities. These results suggest that this novel hydrogel may be a suitable candidate for facilitating the healing of infected cutaneous wounds in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Guo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Curcumin as a wound healing agent. Life Sci 2014; 116:1-7. [PMID: 25200875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a popular Indian spice that has been used for centuries in herbal medicines for the treatment of a variety of ailments such as rheumatism, diabetic ulcers, anorexia, cough and sinusitis. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the main curcuminoid present in turmeric and responsible for its yellow color. Curcumin has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, anti-coagulant and anti-infective effects. Curcumin has also been shown to have significant wound healing properties. It acts on various stages of the natural wound healing process to hasten healing. This review summarizes and discusses recently published papers on the effects of curcumin on skin wound healing. The highlighted studies in the review provide evidence of the ability of curcumin to reduce the body's natural response to cutaneous wounds such as inflammation and oxidation. The recent literature on the wound healing properties of curcumin also provides evidence for its ability to enhance granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, tissue remodeling and wound contraction. It has become evident that optimizing the topical application of curcumin through altering its formulation is essential to ensure the maximum therapeutical effects of curcumin on skin wounds.
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Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form of clinical manifestation, the acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with significant dysfunction in air exchange due to inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Several factors contribute to the inflammatory process, including hypoxia (inadequate oxygen), hyperoxia (higher than normal partial pressure of oxygen), inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines), infections (viral and bacterial), and environmental conditions (such as cigarette smoke or noxious gases). However, studies over the past several decades suggest that oxidants formed in the various cells of the lung including endothelial, alveolar, and epithelial cells as well as lung macrophages and neutrophils in response to the factors mentioned above mediate the pathogenesis of ALI. Oxidants modify cellular proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA to cause their aberrant function. For example, oxidation of lipids changes membrane permeability. Interestingly, recent studies also suggest that spatially and temporally regulated production of oxidants plays an important role antimicrobial defense and immunomodulatory function (such as transcription factor activation). To counteract the oxidants an arsenal of antioxidants exists in the lung to maintain the redox status, but when overwhelmed tissue injury and exacerbation of inflammation occurs. We present below the current understanding of the pathogenesis of oxidant-mediated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vidya Sarma
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Jönsson F, Mancardi DA, Albanesi M, Bruhns P. Neutrophils in local and systemic antibody-dependent inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:643-56. [PMID: 23532517 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1212623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are notorious for their efficacy in microbial killing. Various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, production of ROS, cytokines/chemokines and lipid mediators, degranulation of antimicrobials and enzymes, as well as NETosis contribute to this capacity. However, every incidence of neutrophil activation bears a risk to cause damage to the host. Several distinct steps, i.e., adhesion to endothelial cells, transmigration, chemotaxis, cytokine stimulation, and TLR signaling, are thought to control the extent of neutrophil activation. In the absence of a microbial stimulus, other pathways can induce neutrophil activation, among which FcR-induced activation when neutrophils encounter ICs. In these situations (inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy), neutrophils may act as primary or secondary effectors of immune reactions. In the presence of circulating ICs, neutrophils can indeed get stimulated directly in the bloodstream and trigger an immune response. Upon deposition of antibody complexes inside of tissues, neutrophils are first recruited and primed before being highly activated to amplify the ongoing inflammation. This review focuses on the engagement, activation, and responses of neutrophils to antibody ICs, inside of tissues or in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Jönsson
- 2.Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U760, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. or
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Abstract
Stable adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium is crucial for transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes evoked during inflammatory responses, immune surveillance, and homing and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The basis of stable adhesion involves expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an inducible endothelial adhesive protein that serves as a counter-receptor for beta(2)-integrins on leukocytes. Interaction of ICAM-1 with beta(2)-integrins enables leukocytes to adhere firmly to the vascular endothelium and subsequently, to migrate across the endothelial barrier. The emerging paradigm is that ICAM-1, in addition to firmly capturing leukocytes, triggers intracellular signaling events that may contribute to active participation of the endothelium in facilitating the TEM of adherent leukocytes. The nature, duration, and intensity of ICAM-1-dependent signaling events may contribute to the determination of the route (paracellular vs. transcellular) of leukocyte passage; these aspects of ICAM-1 signaling may in turn be influenced by density and distribution of ICAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface, the source of endothelial cells it is present on, and the type of leukocytes with which it is engaged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the "ICAM-1 paradigm" of TEM with an emphasis on the signaling events mediating ICAM-1 expression and activated by ICAM-1 engagement in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Huang X, Finkelman RB. Understanding the chemical properties of macerals and minerals in coal and its potential application for occupational lung disease prevention. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2008; 11:45-67. [PMID: 18176887 DOI: 10.1080/10937400701600552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in oil price further strengthen the argument that coal and coal products will play an increasingly important role in fulfilling the energy needs of our society. Coal is an aggregate of heterogeneous substances composed of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals) materials. The objective of this review was to assess whether some chemical parameters in coal play a role in producing environmental health problems. Basic properties of coal--such as chemical forms of the organic materials, structure, compositions of minerals--vary from one coal mine region to another as well as from coals of different ranks. Most importantly, changes in chemical properties of coals due to exposure to air and humidity after mining--a dynamic process--significantly affect toxicity attributed to coal and environmental fate. Although coal is an extremely complex and heterogeneous material, the fundamental properties of coal responsible for environmental and adverse health problems are probably related to the same inducing components of coal. For instance, oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in the coal forms iron sulfate and sulfuric acid, which produces occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage and acid rain). Calcite (CaCO3) contained in certain coals alters the end products of pyrite oxidation, which may make these coals less toxic to human inhalation and less hazardous to environmental pollution. Finally, knowledge gained on understanding of the chemical properties of coals is illustrated to apply for prediction of toxicity due to coal possibly before large-scale mining and prevention of occupational lung disease during mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
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Gao H, Neff T, Ward PA. Regulation of lung inflammation in the model of IgG immune-complex injury. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2007; 1:215-42. [PMID: 18039114 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern techniques of cell and molecular biology have rapidly uncovered the mechanisms underlying inflammatory injury of the lung. This expanding knowledge (which includes an understanding of complement, cell surface receptors, cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, oxidants, proteinases, and endogenous inhibitors, as well as the role of leukocyte adhesion-promoting molecules) has provided new insights into the inflammatory system in general, as well as in the context of lung injury. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the regulation of lung inflammation by using immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune complex-induced lung injury as a model. These studies have provided information on the role of various inflammatory mediators and their sequence of engagement. Insights into potential interventional approaches for the suppression of inflammatory processes in humans have emerged from those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Vogel SM, Orrington-Myers J, Broman M, Malik AB. De novo ICAM-1 synthesis in the mouse lung: model of assessment of protein expression in lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L496-501. [PMID: 16714332 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because most studies addressing the regulatory mechanisms of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression have used cultured endothelial cells, we set out to develop an isolated mouse lung preparation to study gene and protein expression in its proper cellular context in the organ. Lungs from CD1 mice were isolated and perfused (2 ml/min, 37°C) with a recirculating volume of RPMI 1640 solution supplemented with 3 g/100 ml albumin. Lungs maintained their isogravimetric state for 4 h. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α; 2,000 U/ml) was added to the perfusate for 0.5, 1, 2, or 3.5 h to induce ICAM-1 expression or lungs received no treatment (control). After quick-freezing the lungs using liquid nitrogen at different time points, the prepared tissue homogenates were analyzed for ICAM-1 protein expression by Western blotting and NF-κB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. TNF-α caused a progressive increase in NF-κB activity after 0.5 h and ICAM-1 protein expression two- to threefold of basal after 2 h. Untreated lungs expressed a low and constant level of ICAM-1 between 0 and 3.5 h. TNF-α failed to induce NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression in lungs of NADPH oxidase-deficient mice lacking p47phox. We disaggregated mouse lungs using collagenase and stained the cells for ICAM-1 and VE-cadherin (used as an endothelial marker) to assess the in situ endothelial-specific expression of ICAM-1. We observed that TNF-α challenge resulted in increased ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells freshly isolated from lungs. These data show the role of NADPH oxidase-derived oxidant signaling in the mechanism of NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression in mouse lung endothelial cells. Moreover, the general method presented herein has potential value in assessing mechanisms of gene and protein expression in the isolated-perfused mouse lung model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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