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Zhang SP, Zhang J, Wang QH, Ye Y, Zhang DZ, Liu QN, Tang BP, Dai LS. Ferritin Heavy-like subunit is involved in the innate immune defense of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411936. [PMID: 39108270 PMCID: PMC11300234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron-binding proteins, known as ferritins, play pivotal roles in immunological response, detoxification, and iron storage. Despite their significance to organisms, little is known about how they affect the immunological system of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In our previous research, one ferritin subunit was completely discovered as an H-like subunit (PcFeH) from P. clarkii. The full-length cDNA of PcFerH is 1779 bp, including a 5'-UTR (untranslated region, UTR) of 89 bp, 3'-UTR (untranslated region, UTR) of 1180 bp and an ORF (open reading frame, ORF) of 510 bp encoding a polypeptide of 169 amino acids that contains a signal peptide and a Ferritin domain. The deduced PcFerH protein sequence has highly identity with other crayfish. PcFerH protein's estimated tertiary structure is quite comparable to animal structure. The PcFerH is close to Cherax quadricarinatus, according to phylogenetic analysis. All the organs examined showed widespread expression of PcFerH mRNA, with the ovary exhibiting the highest levels of expression. Additionally, in crayfish muscles, intestines, and gills, the mRNA transcript of PcFerH was noticeably up-regulated, after LPS and Poly I:C challenge. The expression of downstream genes in the immunological signaling system was suppressed when the PcFerH gene was knocked down. All of these findings suggested that PcFerH played a vital role in regulating the expression of downstream effectors in the immunological signaling pathway of crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Pei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Qing-Hao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Padín JF, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Redondo-Calvo FJ. Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7553. [PMID: 39062796 PMCID: PMC11277036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteases are produced and released in the mucosal cells of the respiratory tract and have important physiological functions, for example, maintaining airway humidification to allow proper gas exchange. The infectious mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), takes advantage of host proteases in two ways: to change the spatial conformation of the spike (S) protein via endoproteolysis (e.g., transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2)) and as a target to anchor to epithelial cells (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)). This infectious process leads to an imbalance in the mucosa between the release and action of proteases versus regulation by anti-proteases, which contributes to the exacerbation of the inflammatory and prothrombotic response in COVID-19. In this article, we describe the most important proteases that are affected in COVID-19, and how their overactivation affects the three main physiological systems in which they participate: the complement system and the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS), which both form part of the contact system of innate immunity, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We aim to elucidate the pathophysiological bases of COVID-19 in the context of the imbalance between the action of proteases and anti-proteases to understand the mechanism of aprotinin action (a panprotease inhibitor). In a second-part review, titled "Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions", we explain in depth the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and use of aprotinin as an antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fernando Padín
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University General Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Currie C, Bjerknes C, Myklebust TÅ, Framroze B. Assessing the Potential of Small Peptides for Altering Expression Levels of the Iron-Regulatory Genes FTH1 and TFRC and Enhancing Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Activity in In Vitro Prostate Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15231. [PMID: 37894914 PMCID: PMC10607736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the key role of iron dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). PCa cells are heavily dependent on bioavailable iron, which frequently results in the reprogramming of iron uptake and storage pathways. Although advanced-stage PCa is currently incurable, bioactive peptides capable of modulating key iron-regulatory genes may constitute a means of exploiting a metabolic adaptation necessary for tumor growth. Recent annual increases in PCa incidence have been reported, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatments. We examined the ability of LNCaP, PC3, VCaP, and VCaP-EnzR cells to form colonies in the presence of androgen receptor inhibitors (ARI) and a series of iron-gene modulating oligopeptides (FT-001-FT-008). The viability of colonies following treatment was determined with clonogenic assays, and the expression levels of FTH1 (ferritin heavy chain 1) and TFRC (transferrin receptor) were determined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peptides and ARIs combined significantly reduced PCa cell growth across all phenotypes, of which two peptides were the most effective. Colony growth suppression generally correlated with the magnitude of concurrent increases in FTH1 and decreases in TFRC expression for all cells. The results of this study provide preliminary insight into a novel approach at targeting iron dysmetabolism and sensitizing PCa cells to established cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crawford Currie
- HBC Immunology Inc., 1455 Adams Drive, Suite, Menlo Park, CA 2043, USA;
- Hofseth Biocare, Keiser Wilhelmsgate 24, 6003 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Christian Bjerknes
- Hofseth Biocare, Keiser Wilhelmsgate 24, 6003 Ålesund, Norway;
- Department for Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6025 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, 6026 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Bomi Framroze
- HBC Immunology Inc., 1455 Adams Drive, Suite, Menlo Park, CA 2043, USA;
- GPH Biotech LLC, 1455 Adams Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Bailey M, Linden D, Guo-Parke H, Earley O, Peto T, McAuley DF, Taggart C, Kidney J. Vascular risk factors for COVID-19 ARDS: endothelium, contact-kinin system. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1208866. [PMID: 37448794 PMCID: PMC10336249 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1208866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors, expressed within the lungs. Risk factors for hospitalization include hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and obesity-conditions linked by the presence of endothelial pathology. Viral infection in this setting causes increased conversion of circulating Factor XII to its active form (FXIIa). This is the first step in the contact-kinin pathway, leading to synchronous activation of the intrinsic coagulation cascade and the plasma Kallikrein-Kinin system, resulting in clotting and inflammatory lung disease. Temporal trends are evident from blood results of hospitalized patients. In the first week of symptoms the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is prolonged. This can occur when clotting factors are consumed as part of the contact (intrinsic) pathway. Platelet counts initially fall, reflecting their consumption in coagulation. Lymphopenia occurs after approximately 1 week, reflecting the emergence of a lymphocytic pneumonitis [COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]. Intrinsic coagulation also induces the contact-kinin pathway of inflammation. A major product of this pathway, bradykinin causes oedema with ground glass opacities (GGO) on imaging in early COVID-19. Bradykinin also causes release of the pleiotrophic cytokine IL-6, which causes lymphocyte recruitment. Thromobosis and lymphocytic pneumonitis are hallmark features of COVID-19 ARDS. In this review we examine the literature with particular reference to the contact-kinin pathway. Measurements of platelets, lymphocytes and APTT should be undertaken in severe infections to stratify for risk of developing ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bailey
- Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Linden
- Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Wellcome - Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Guo-Parke
- Wellcome - Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Earley
- Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tunde Peto
- Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Wellcome - Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Danny F. McAuley
- Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Wellcome - Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford Taggart
- Wellcome - Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Kidney
- Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
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5
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Jin S, Fu H, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Qiao H, Zhang W, Gong Y, Wu Y. RNA Interference Analysis Reveals the Positive Regulatory Role of Ferritin in Testis Development in the Oriental River Prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. Front Physiol 2022; 13:805861. [PMID: 35250613 PMCID: PMC8896479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.805861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin plays an essential role in organismic and cellular iron homeostasis in Macrobrachium nipponense. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ferritin in the sexual development of male M. nipponense. According to the qPCR analysis of different tissues and developmental stages, ferritin exhibited high expression levels in the testis and androgenic gland, from post-larval developmental stage 5 (PL5) to PL15, indicating that it may be involved in gonad differentiation and development, especially in male sexual development. In situ hybridization and qPCR analysis in various reproductive cycles of the testis indicated that ferritin may play an essential role in spermatogonia development in M. nipponense. RNAi analysis revealed that ferritin positively affected mRNA expression of the insulin-like androgenic gland (Mn-IAG) and the secretion of testosterone, and thus positively affected testis development in M. nipponense. This study highlighted the functions of ferritin in the sexual development of male M. nipponense and provided important information for the establishment of a technique to regulate the process of testis development in M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- *Correspondence: Hongtuo Fu, , orcid.org/000-0003-2974-9464
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Lu X, Liu J, Wei T, Zhou X. Elevated salivary activity of mast cell chymase of periodontitis patients, and a new bradykinin generation cascade, mediating the cross-talks between mast cell and gingival fibroblast. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108269. [PMID: 34688137 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Activated-mast cells (MCs) within gingival-tissue of chronic-periodontitis (CP) patients, release various inflammatory-factors. Bradykinin is a nine-amino-acid peptide and pro-inflammatory mediator, produced through factor-XII-cascade or tryptase-cascade. The ability of MC-chymase in bradykinin generation has not been discussed yet. This study investigated the salivary levels of MC-chymase, high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and bradykinin of CP patients; examined the potential of MC-proteases in bradykinin production using biochemistry-models; and explored the effects of bradykinin on gingival fibroblasts (GFs). Saliva-samples were collected; MC-protease activities were detected; HMWK cleavage was assessed by western-blot and SDS-PAGE; bradykinin levels were measured using immunoassay. Primary GFs were extracted and cultured with or without bradykinin; cell-viability, gelatine-zymography and flow-cytometry were applied. Immunocytochemistry and western-blot were used to detect intracellular protein expressions of bradykinin-stimulated GFs. The data showed that the salivary-levels of MC-proteases, bradykinin, HMWK, and lactoferrin of CP-patients were increased. HMWK was cleaved by MC-chymase in-vitro, resulting in bradykinin generation. Bradykinin promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle and matrix-metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) activity, and increased intracellular expressions of nuclear-factor-kappa-B(NF-κB), focal-adhesion-kinase(FAK), transforming-growth-factor-β(TGF-β), P38, P53 of GFs. MC-chymase promotes bradykinin production to stimulate GFs and to continue inflammation during CP development. A new BK-generation cascade found in this study provides a new basis for the pathogenesis of CP and the mechanism of continuous inflammation. The activation of MC-chymase/bradykinin-generation cascade depends on HMWK level and MC-chymase activity under inflammatory condition. MC-chymase contributes to bradykinin production, mediating the cross-talks between MCs and GFs. MC-chymase can be used as a therapeutic target and a salivary biomarker in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lu
- School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164 China; Changzhou Third General Hospital, Jiangsu 213001 China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164 China; The School of Medicine, the University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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7
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Di Sanzo M, Quaresima B, Biamonte F, Palmieri C, Faniello MC. FTH1 Pseudogenes in Cancer and Cell Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:E2554. [PMID: 33260500 PMCID: PMC7760355 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, the principal intracellular iron-storage protein localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria, plays a major role in iron metabolism. The encoding ferritin genes are members of a multigene family that includes some pseudogenes. Even though pseudogenes have been initially considered as relics of ancient genes or junk DNA devoid of function, their role in controlling gene expression in normal and transformed cells has recently been re-evaluated. Numerous studies have revealed that some pseudogenes compete with their parental gene for binding to the microRNAs (miRNAs), while others generate small interference RNAs (siRNAs) to decrease functional gene expression, and still others encode functional mutated proteins. Consequently, pseudogenes can be considered as actual master regulators of numerous biological processes. Here, we provide a detailed classification and description of the structural features of the ferritin pseudogenes known to date and review the recent evidence on their mutual interrelation within the complex regulatory network of the ferritin gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Di Sanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Barbara Quaresima
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Camillo Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.S.); (B.Q.); (F.B.)
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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8
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Torti SV, Torti FM. Iron and Cancer: 2020 Vision. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5435-5448. [PMID: 32928919 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New and provocative insights into the relationships between iron and cancer have been uncovered in recent years. These include delineation of connections that link cellular iron to DNA repair, genomic integrity, and oncogenic signaling as well as the discovery of ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of cell death. In parallel, new molecules and pathways that regulate iron influx, intracellular iron trafficking, and egress in normal cells, and their perturbations in cancer have been discovered. In addition, insights into the unique properties of iron handling in tumor-initiating cells (cancer stem cells), novel contributions of the tumor microenvironment to the uptake and regulation of iron in cancer cells, and new therapeutic modalities that leverage the iron dependence of cancer have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Yu B, Cheng C, Wu Y, Guo L, Kong D, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zheng E, Liu Y, He Y. Interactions of ferritin with scavenger receptor class A members. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15727-15741. [PMID: 32907880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors are a superfamily of membrane-bound receptors that recognize both self and nonself targets. Scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) has five known members (SCARA1 to -5 or SR-A1 to -A5), which are type II transmembrane proteins that form homotrimers on the cell surface. SR-A members recognize various ligands and are involved in multiple biological pathways. Among them, SCARA5 can function as a ferritin receptor; however, the interaction between SCARA5 and ferritin has not been fully characterized. Here, we determine the crystal structures of the C-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain of both human and mouse SCARA5 at 1.7 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively, revealing three Ca2+-binding sites on the surface. Using biochemical assays, we show that the SRCR domain of SCARA5 recognizes ferritin in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and both L- and H-ferritin can be recognized by SCARA5 through the SRCR domain. Furthermore, the potential binding region of SCARA5 on the surface of ferritin is explored by mutagenesis studies. We also examine the interactions of ferritin with other SR-A members and find that SCARA1 (SR-A1, CD204) and MARCO (SR-A2, SCARA2), which are highly expressed on macrophages, also interact with ferritin. By contrast, SCARA3 and SCARA4, the two SR-A members without the SRCR domain, have no detectable binding with ferritin. Overall, these results provide a mechanistic view regarding the interactions between the SR-A members and ferritin that may help to understand the regulation of ferritin homeostasis by scavenger receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqiang Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Kong
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enlin Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning He
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Courtois Y, Youale J, Behar-Cohen F, Picard É. [Iron and age-related macular degeneration: a new track]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:616-625. [PMID: 32614313 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron has a fundamental role for cell physiology and especially in retina as a cofactor of many pathways of the visual transduction. A tightly regulated homeostasis avoids the accumulation of prooxidant and proinflammatory free iron. A dysfunction of iron retinal homeostasis is associated with many genetic or age-related degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we describe various mechanisms reported during AMD, enhanced by iron accumulation and its homeostasis dysregulation. We have investigated a local treatment with transferrin, the natural iron carrier, to control these pathological pathways and iron dysfunction, without side effects. Iron has a central role in pathogenesis of AMD and is a target for futures therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Courtois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, UMRS1138, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jenny Youale
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, UMRS1138, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Émilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, UMRS1138, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
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11
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Droll SH, Sheng Hsu YM, Drake SK, Kim A, Wang W, Calvo KR, Cao Z, Hu TY, Zhao Z. Differential processing of high-molecular-weight kininogen during normal pregnancy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 1:e8552. [PMID: 31412146 PMCID: PMC7018535 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies identified kininogen as a potential biomarker of preeclampsia, a major cause of adverse maternal outcomes. High-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) and its activated form participate in numerous pathways associated with establishing and maintaining pregnancy. However, dynamic changes in HK and naturally occurring HK-derived peptides during the natural course of pregnancy are largely unknown. METHODS Longitudinal serum samples during the course of normal pregnancy (trimesters T1, T2, T3) from 60 pregnant women were analyzed by western blot with an anti-HK antibody. Circulating peptides in longitudinal serum specimens derived from 50 participants were enriched using nanoporous silica thin films. Peptides were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and database searching. Relative quantification was performed using MaxQuant and in-house scripts. Normality was evaluated by either ANOVA or Friedman tests with p < 0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS Western blotting revealed that HK significantly decreased during normal pregnancy (T1 vs T2, p < 0.05; T1 vs T3, p < 0.0001). A 100 kDa intermediate increased during pregnancy (T1 vs T2, p < 0.005; T1 vs T3, p < 0.01). Moreover, the heavy chain (T1 vs T2, p < 0.0001; T1 vs T3, p < 0.0001; T2 vs T3, p < 0.01) and light chain (T1 vs T2, p < 0.0001; T1 vs T3, p < 0.0001; T2 vs T3, p < 0.05) significantly increased during pregnancy. LC/MS/MS analysis identified 180 kininogen-1 peptides, of which 167 mapped to domain 5 (D5). Seventy-three peptides with ten or more complete data sets were included for further analysis. Seventy peptides mapped to D5, and 3, 24, and 43 peptides showed significant decrease, no trend, and significant increase, respectively, during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates dynamic changes in HK and naturally occurring HK-derived peptides during pregnancy. Our study sheds light on the gestational changes of HK and its peptides for further validation of them as potential biomarkers for pregnancy-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie H. Droll
- Chemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
- IBiS - Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500
| | - Yen-Michael Sheng Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Steven K. Drake
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Weixin Wang
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Katherine R. Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Chemistry Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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12
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Picard E, Daruich A, Youale J, Courtois Y, Behar-Cohen F. From Rust to Quantum Biology: The Role of Iron in Retina Physiopathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030705. [PMID: 32183063 PMCID: PMC7140613 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for cell survival and function. It is a transition metal, that could change its oxidation state from Fe2+ to Fe3+ involving an electron transfer, the key of vital functions but also organ dysfunctions. The goal of this review is to illustrate the primordial role of iron and local iron homeostasis in retinal physiology and vision, as well as the pathological consequences of iron excess in animal models of retinal degeneration and in human retinal diseases. We summarize evidence of the potential therapeutic effect of iron chelation in retinal diseases and especially the interest of transferrin, a ubiquitous endogenous iron-binding protein, having the ability to treat or delay degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +331-44-27-81-82
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jenny Youale
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
| | - Yves Courtois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Ophtalmopole, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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13
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Yang J, van 't Veer C, Roelofs JJTH, van Heijst JWJ, de Vos AF, McCrae KR, Revenko AS, Crosby J, van der Poll T. Kininogen deficiency or depletion reduces enhanced pause independent of pulmonary inflammation in a house dust mite-induced murine asthma model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L187-L196. [PMID: 30358441 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00162.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-molecular-weight kininogen is an important substrate of the kallikrein-kinin system. Activation of this system has been associated with aggravation of hallmark features in asthma. We aimed to determine the role of kininogen in enhanced pause (Penh) measurements and lung inflammation in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine asthma model. Normal wild-type mice and mice with a genetic deficiency of kininogen were subjected to repeated HDM exposure (sensitization on days 0, 1, and 2; challenge on days 14, 15, 18, and 19) via the airways to induce allergic lung inflammation. Alternatively, kininogen was depleted after HDM sensitization by twice-weekly injections of a specific antisense oligonucleotide (kininogen ASO) starting at day 3. In kininogen-deficient mice HDM induced in Penh was completely prevented. Remarkably, kininogen deficiency did not modify HDM-induced eosinophil/neutrophil influx, T helper 2 responses, mucus production, or lung pathology. kininogen ASO treatment started after HDM sensitization reduced plasma kininogen levels by 75% and reproduced the phenotype of kininogen deficiency: kininogen ASO administration prevented the HDM-induced increase in Penh without influencing leukocyte influx, Th2 responses, mucus production, or lung pathology. This study suggests that kininogen could contribute to HDM-induced rise in Penh independently of allergic lung inflammation. Further research is warranted to confirm these data using invasive measurements of airway responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Yang
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W J van Heijst
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Departments of Hematology-Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Drug Discovery and Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Carlsbad, California
| | - Jeff Crosby
- Drug Discovery and Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Carlsbad, California
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Sun S, Zhu J, Ge X, Zhang W. Molecular characterization and gene expression of ferritin in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:87-95. [PMID: 27539708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are conserved iron storage proteins that exist in most living organisms and play an essential role in iron homeostasis. In this study, we reported the identification and analysis of a ferritin middle-chain (M) subunit, MaFerM, from blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. The full length cDNA of MaFerM contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 152 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 522 bp and a 3'-UTR of 270 bp. The ORF encodes a putative protein of 174 amino acids, which shares extensive sequence identities with the M ferritins of several fish species. In silico analysis identified both the ferroxidase center of mammalian heavy-chain (H) ferritins and the iron nucleation site of mammalian light-chain (L) ferritins in MaFerM. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that MaFerM expression was highest in the liver and lowest in the heart and responded positively to experimental challenges with Aeromonas hydrophila. The exposure of cultured M. amblycephala to treatment with stress inducers (iron and H2O2) significantly up-regulated the expression of MaFerM in a dose-dependent manner. Iron chelation analysis showed that recombinant MaFerM purified from Escherichia coli exhibited apparent iron binding activity. These results suggest that MaFerM is a functional M ferritin and is likely to play a role in iron sequestration and protection against oxidative stress and immune stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 East Shanshui Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 East Shanshui Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China.
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 East Shanshui Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China.
| | - Wxuxiao Zhang
- Wuxi Fishery College Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, PR China
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Li L, Zhang L, Knez M. Comparison of two endogenous delivery agents in cancer therapy: Exosomes and ferritin. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Long AT, Kenne E, Jung R, Fuchs TA, Renné T. Contact system revisited: an interface between inflammation, coagulation, and innate immunity. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:427-37. [PMID: 26707513 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The contact system is a plasma protease cascade initiated by factor XII (FXII) that activates the proinflammatory kallikrein-kinin system and the procoagulant intrinsic coagulation pathway. Anionic surfaces induce FXII zymogen activation to form proteolytically active FXIIa. Bacterial surfaces also have the ability to activate contact system proteins, indicating an important role for host defense using the cooperation of the inflammatory and coagulation pathways. Recent research has shown that inorganic polyphosphate found in platelets activates FXII in vivo and can induce coagulation in pathological thrombus formation. Experimental studies have shown that interference with FXII provides thromboprotection without a therapy-associated increase in bleeding, renewing interest in the FXIIa-driven intrinsic pathway of coagulation as a therapeutic target. This review summarizes how the contact system acts as the cross-road of inflammation, coagulation, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Long
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Kenne
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Jung
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T A Fuchs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Alfaidi M, Wilson H, Daigneault M, Burnett A, Ridger V, Chamberlain J, Francis S. Neutrophil elastase promotes interleukin-1β secretion from human coronary endothelium. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24067-78. [PMID: 26269588 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.659029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by producing pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β. Coronary arteries from patients with ischemic heart disease express large amounts of IL-1β in the endothelium. However, the mechanism by which endothelial cells (ECs) release IL-1β remains to be elucidated. We investigated neutrophil elastase (NE), a potent serine protease detected in vulnerable areas of human carotid plaques, as a potential "trigger" for IL-1β processing and release. This study tested the hypothesis that NE potentiates the processing and release of IL-1β from human coronary endothelium. We found that NE cleaves the pro-isoform of IL-1β in ECs and causes significant secretion of bioactive IL-1β via extracellular vesicles. This release was attenuated significantly by inhibition of neutrophil elastase but not caspase-1. Transient increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels were observed prior to secretion. Inside ECs, and after NE treatment only, IL-1β was detected within LAMP-1-positive multivesicular bodies. The released vesicles contained bioactive IL-1β. In vivo, in experimental atherosclerosis, NE was detected in mature atherosclerotic plaques, predominantly in the endothelium, alongside IL-1β. This study reveals a novel mechanistic link between NE expression in atherosclerotic plaques and concomitant pro-inflammatory bioactive IL-1β secretion from ECs. This could reveal additional potential anti-IL-1β therapeutic targets and provide further insights into the inflammatory process by which vascular disease develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabruka Alfaidi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Wilson
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Daigneault
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Burnett
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Ridger
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Chamberlain
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Francis
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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Assis DM, Juliano L, Paschoalin T, Kouyoumdjian M, Calixto JB, Santos RAS, Pertinhez TA, Gauthier F, Moreau T, Blaber M, Juliano MA. Pharmacological Activities and Hydrolysis by Peptidases of [Phospho-Ser(6)]-Bradykinin (pS(6)-BK). Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:203-14. [PMID: 26235942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated kininogen and some of its fragments containing serine phosphorylated bradykinin ([pS(6)]-Bk) were identified in human serum and plasma by a phosphoproteomic approach. We report the kininogenase ability of human tissue and plasma kallikreins and tryptase to generate [pS(6)]-Bk or Lys-[pS(6)]-Bk having as substrate the synthetic human kininogen fluorescent fragment Abz-MISLMKRPPGF[pS(386)]PFRSSRI-NH2. The pharmacological assays of [pS(6)]-Bk showed it as a full B2 bradykinin receptor agonist in smooth muscle, it produces a portal liver hypertensive response in rat and mouse paw edema that lasts longer than Bk. The rat hypotensive response to infusions of Bk is greater than that of [pS(6)]Bk, both if injected through femoral vein or aorta. [pS(6)]-Bk was more resistant than Bk to kininase digestion performed with angiotensin converting enzyme, neprilysin, thimet oligopeptidase, aminopeptidase P and carboxypeptidase M. (1)H-NMR experiments indicated that [pS(6)]-Bk has lower flexibility, with the pS(6)-P(7) bond restricted to the trans conformation, and can explain [pS(6)]-Bk resistance to hydrolysis. In conclusion, [pS(6)]-Bk presenting lower activity than Bk, with longer lasting effects and being slowly released by kininogenases from synthetic Abz-MISLMKRPPGF[pS(386)]PFRSSRI-NH2, suggests that phosphorylation of the kininogens can be an efficient kallikrein-kinin system regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Assis
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaysa Paschoalin
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Kouyoumdjian
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Joao B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - Thelma A Pertinhez
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Björkqvist J, de Maat S, Lewandrowski U, Di Gennaro A, Oschatz C, Schönig K, Nöthen MM, Drouet C, Braley H, Nolte MW, Sickmann A, Panousis C, Maas C, Renné T. Defective glycosylation of coagulation factor XII underlies hereditary angioedema type III. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3132-46. [PMID: 26193639 DOI: 10.1172/jci77139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema type III (HAEIII) is a rare inherited swelling disorder that is associated with point mutations in the gene encoding the plasma protease factor XII (FXII). Here, we demonstrate that HAEIII-associated mutant FXII, derived either from HAEIII patients or recombinantly produced, is defective in mucin-type Thr309-linked glycosylation. Loss of glycosylation led to increased contact-mediated autoactivation of zymogen FXII, resulting in excessive activation of the bradykinin-forming kallikrein-kinin pathway. In contrast, both FXII-driven coagulation and the ability of C1-esterase inhibitor to bind and inhibit activated FXII were not affected by the mutation. Intravital laser-scanning microscopy revealed that, compared with control animals, both F12-/- mice reconstituted with recombinant mutant forms of FXII and humanized HAEIII mouse models with inducible liver-specific expression of Thr309Lys-mutated FXII exhibited increased contact-driven microvascular leakage. An FXII-neutralizing antibody abolished bradykinin generation in HAEIII patient plasma and blunted edema in HAEIII mice. Together, the results of this study characterize the mechanism of HAEIII and establish FXII inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to interfere with excessive vascular leakage in HAEIII and potentially alleviate edema due to other causes.
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Labberton L, Kenne E, Renné T. New agents for thromboprotection. A role for factor XII and XIIa inhibition. Hamostaseologie 2015; 35:338-50. [PMID: 25609114 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation is essential for hemostasis, however excessive coagulation can lead to thrombosis. Factor XII starts the intrinsic coagulation pathway and contact-induced factor XII activation provides the mechanistic basis for the diagnostic aPTT clotting assay. Despite its function for fibrin formation in test tubes, patients and animals lacking factor XII have a completely normal hemostasis. The lack of a bleeding tendency observed in factor XII deficiency states is in sharp contrast to deficiencies of other components of the coagulation cascade and factor XII has been considered to have no function for coagulation in vivo. Recently, experimental animal models showed that factor XII is activated by an inorganic polymer, polyphosphate, which is released from procoagulant platelets and that polyphosphate-driven factor XII activation has an essential role in pathologic thrombus formation. Cumulatively, the data suggest to target polyphosphate, factor XII, or its activated form factor XIIa for anticoagulation. As the factor XII pathway specifically contributes to thrombosis but not to hemostasis, interference with this pathway provides a unique opportunity for safe anticoagulation that is not associated with excess bleeding. The review summarizes current knowledge on factor XII functions, activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Renné
- Thomas Renné, M.D. Ph.D., Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna (L2:05), 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden, Tel. +46/8/51 77 33 90, +49/(0)40/741 05 89 84, Fax +46/31 03 76, +49/(0)40/741 05 75 76, E-mail:
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Elvitigala DAS, Priyathilaka TT, Lim BS, Whang I, Yeo SY, Choi CY, Lee J. Molecular profile and functional characterization of the ferritin H subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), revealing its putative role in host antioxidant and immune defense. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:104-114. [PMID: 25020197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are iron binding proteins made out of 24 subunits, involved in iron homeostasis and metabolism in cellular environments. Here, we sought to identify and functionally characterize a one type of subunits of ferritin (ferritin H-like subunit) from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus; RbFerH). The complete coding sequence of RbFerH was 531 bp in length, encoding a 177-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 20.8 kDa. The deduced protein structure possessed the domain architecture characteristic of known ferritin H subunits, including metal ligands for iron binding, a ferroxidase center, and two iron-binding region signatures. As expected, the 5' untranslated region of the RbFerH cDNA sequence contained a putative iron response element region, a characteristic regulatory element involved in its translation. The RbFerH gene comprised 5 exons and 4 introns spanning a 4195 bp region. Overexpressed recombinant RbFerH protein demonstrated prominent Fe(II) ion depriving activity, bacteriostatic properties, and protective effects against oxidative double-stranded DNA damage. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we found that RbFerH was expressed ubiquitously in the majority of physiologically important tissues in rock bream. A greater abundance of the mRNA transcripts were detected in blood and liver tissues. Upon administering different microbial pathogens and pathogen-derived mitogens, RbFerH transcription was markedly elevated in the blood of rock bream. Taken together, our findings suggest that RbFerH acts as a potent iron sequestrator in rock bream and may actively participate in antimicrobial as well as antioxidative defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Lim
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Sun S, Gu Z, Fu H, Zhu J, Xuan F, Ge X. Identification and characterization of a Macrobrachium nipponense ferritin subunit regulated by iron ion and pathogen challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:288-295. [PMID: 25038282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, a major iron storage protein in most living organisms, plays a crucial role in iron metabolism. In this study, the ferritin subunit MnFer was identified in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) and functionally characterized. The full-length cDNA of MnFer is 999 bp in size with a 122-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 364-bp 3'-UTR and a 513-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein possessing 171 amino acids and a deduced molecular weight of 19.40 kDa. Prawn ferritin transcripts are expressed in muscle, heart, hepatopancreas, gill, hemocytes, ovary and testis. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the abundance of ferritin transcript was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by muscle. Ferritin transcript expression in muscle increased six-fold 3 h after the injection of iron. In the gill, a four-fold increase in ferritin transcript expression was detected 3 h post-injection; the expression remained elevated for 48 h. Heart ferritin mRNA expression increased up to seven-fold at 24 h post-injection. No significant difference was found in the hepatopancreas. The iron binding capacity of recombinant ferritin protein was also demonstrated in this study. In hemocyte experiments, the transcriptional expression of MnFer showed the strongest response to Aeromonas hydrophila. As a whole, our study suggested that the ferritin from M. nipponense may play critical roles in cellular and organismic iron homeostasis along with in innate immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China; Key Laboratory of Fish Healthy and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Fujun Xuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Huhn AJ, Parsonage D, Horita DA, Torti FM, Torti SV, Hollis T. The high-molecular-weight kininogen domain 5 is an intrinsically unstructured protein and its interaction with ferritin is metal mediated. Protein Sci 2014; 23:1013-22. [PMID: 24810540 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight kininogen domain 5 (HK5) is an angiogenic modulator that is capable of inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and tube formation. Ferritin can bind to a histidine-glycine-lysine-rich region within HK5 and block its antiangiogenic effects. However, the molecular intricacies of this interaction are not well understood. Analysis of the structure of HK5 using circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance [(1) H, (15) N]-heteronuclear single quantum coherence determined that HK5 is an intrinsically unstructured protein, consistent with secondary structure predictions. Equilibrium binding studies using fluorescence anisotropy were used to study the interaction between ferritin and HK5. The interaction between the two proteins is mediated by metal ions such as Co(2+) , Cd(2+) , and Fe(2+) . This metal-mediated interaction works independently of the loaded ferrihydrite core of ferritin and is demonstrated to be a surface interaction. Ferritin H and L bind to HK5 with similar affinity in the presence of metals. The ferritin interaction with HK5 is the first biological function shown to occur on the surface of ferritin using its surface-bound metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annissa J Huhn
- Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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24
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Ren C, Chen T, Jiang X, Wang Y, Hu C. Identification and functional characterization of a novel ferritin subunit from the tropical sea cucumber, Stichopus monotuberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:265-274. [PMID: 24698995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is one of the major non-harm iron storage proteins that found in most cell types of animals, plants and microorganisms. In this study, a ferritin subunit named StmFer was identified from the sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus) and characterized functionally. The full-length cDNA of StmFer is 1184 bp in size with a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 131 bp, a 3'-UTR of 531 bp and an open reading frame of 522 bp that encoding a protein of 173 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 19.95 kDa. StmFer possesses both the ferroxidase center of vertebrate ferritin heavy subunit and iron nucleation sites of vertebrate ferritin light subunit. For the gene structure, StmFer contains only three exons separated by two introns. Higher levels of mRNA expression were noticed in intestine and coelomocyte of S. monotuberculatus by northern blot analysis. In in vitro experiments performed in coelomocytes, transcriptional expression of StmFer showed the strongest response to polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] (9.08 fold up-regulation), followed by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), ferrous chloride (FeCl2) and inactivated bacteria (Vibrio alginolyticus) (7.84, 7.41 and 4.90 fold up-regulation, respectively) after 3 h post-challenge. In addition, the anti-oxidation activity and iron binding capacity of recombinant ferritin protein were demonstrated in this study. As a whole, our study suggested that the ferritin from sea cucumber may play critical roles not only in the cellular and organismic iron homeostasis, but also in the innate immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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25
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Elvitigala DAS, Premachandra HKA, Whang I, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Park CJ, Lee J. A teleostean counterpart of ferritin M subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): an active constituent in iron chelation and DNA protection against oxidative damage, with a modulated expression upon pathogen stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1455-1465. [PMID: 23978565 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are biological iron chelators that can sequestrate excess iron to maintain iron homeostasis in the body. Ferritins basically consist of 2 types of subunits, designated as H and L. However, another new subunit, ferritin "M" which possesses characteristic features of both the H and L subunits, was recently identified in lower vertebrates, mostly in fish. In this study, a ferritin M-like subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbFerM) was characterized at the molecular level, and its transcriptional profile was analyzed in healthy fish, as well as in pathogen- and mitogen-stimulated fish. Furthermore, its functional properties were evaluated using the recombinant protein. The complete coding sequence of RbFerM was 528 bp in length, encoding a 176-amino acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass of 20 kDa. In silico analysis of RbFerM revealed that it has features similar to both the mammalian ferritin subunits, H and L. Phylogenetic analysis depicted the higher evolutionary proximity of RbFerM with its fish counterparts. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis detected a ubiquitous transcriptional profile of RbFerM in selected tissues of rock bream, in which more pronounced expression was observed in blood and liver tissues. Significant transcriptional inductions of RbFerM were detected in liver tissues upon lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, and rock bream irido virus (RBIV) exposures in time-course immune-challenge experiments. The purified recombinant protein of RbFerM demonstrated detectable iron chelating activity that varied with the temperature. Moreover, the recombinant RbFerM rendered a detectable protection effect against iron (II) and H2O2-mediated DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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26
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Alkhateeb AA, Connor JR. The significance of ferritin in cancer: anti-oxidation, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:245-54. [PMID: 23891969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The iron storage protein ferritin has been continuously studied for over 70years and its function as the primary iron storage protein in cells is well established. Although the intracellular functions of ferritin are for the most part well-characterized, the significance of serum (extracellular) ferritin in human biology is poorly understood. Recently, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that ferritin is a multi-functional protein with possible roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and iron delivery. In the context of cancer, ferritin is detected at higher levels in the sera of many cancer patients, and the higher levels correlate with aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, ferritin is highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages which have been recently recognized as having critical roles in tumor progression and therapy resistance. These characteristics suggest ferritin could be an attractive target for cancer therapy because its down-regulation could disrupt the supportive tumor microenvironment, kill cancer cells, and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the function and regulation of ferritin. Moreover, we examine the literature on ferritin's contributions to tumor progression and therapy resistance, in addition to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Alkhateeb
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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27
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Sridharan V, Tripathi P, Sharma SK, Moros EG, Corry PM, Lieblong BJ, Kaschina E, Unger T, Thöne-Reineke C, Hauer-Jensen M, Boerma M. Cardiac inflammation after local irradiation is influenced by the kallikrein-kinin system. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4984-92. [PMID: 22865451 PMCID: PMC3463770 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy of intrathoracic and chest wall tumors may lead to exposure of the heart to ionizing radiation, resulting in radiation-induced heart diseases (RIHD). The main manifestations of RIHD become apparent many years after treatment and include cardiomyopathy and accelerated atherosclerosis. This study examines the role of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in RIHD by investigating the cardiac radiation response in a kininogen-deficient Brown Norway Katholiek (BN/Ka) rat model. BN/Ka rats and wild-type Brown Norway (BN) rats were exposed to local heart irradiation with a single dose of 18 Gy or 24 Gy and were observed for 3 to 6 months. Examinations included in vivo and ex vivo cardiac function, histopathology, gene and protein expression measurements, and mitochondrial swelling assays. Upon local heart irradiation, changes in in vivo cardiac function were significantly less in BN/Ka rats. For instance, a single dose of 24 Gy caused a 35% increase in fractional shortening in BN rats compared with a 16% increase in BN/Ka rats. BN rats, but not BN/Ka rats, showed a 56% reduction in cardiac numbers of CD2-positive cells, and a 57% increase in CD68-positive cells, together with a 52% increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Local heart irradiation had similar effects on histopathology, mitochondrial changes, and left ventricular mRNA levels of NADPH oxidases in the two genotypes. These results suggest that the KKS plays a role in the effects of radiation on cardiac function and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The KKS may have these effects at least in part by altering Erk1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Preeti Tripathi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sunil K. Sharma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Eduardo G. Moros
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Peter M. Corry
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Benjamin J. Lieblong
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Elena Kaschina
- Charité University, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Unger
- Charité University, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Surgical Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Marjan Boerma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas
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28
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Tesfay L, Huhn AJ, Hatcher H, Torti FM, Torti SV. Ferritin blocks inhibitory effects of two-chain high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) on adhesion and survival signaling in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40030. [PMID: 22768328 PMCID: PMC3388046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is tightly regulated through complex crosstalk between pro- and anti-angiogenic signals. High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is an endogenous protein that is proteolytically cleaved in plasma and on endothelial cell surfaces to HKa, an anti-angiogenic protein. Ferritin binds to HKa and blocks its anti-angiogenic activity. Here, we explore mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effect of ferritin in endothelial cells exposed to HKa. We observe that ferritin promotes adhesion and survival of HKa-treated cells and restores key survival and adhesion signaling pathways mediated by Erk, Akt, FAK and paxillin. We further elucidate structural motifs of both HKa and ferritin that are required for effects on endothelial cells. We identify an histidine-glycine-lysine (HGK) -rich antiproliferative region within domain 5 of HK as the target of ferritin, and demonstrate that both ferritin subunits of the H and L type regulate HKa activity. We further demonstrate that ferritin reduces binding of HKa to endothelial cells and restores the association of uPAR with α5β1 integrin. We propose that ferritin blocks the anti-angiogenic activity of HKa by reducing binding of HKa to UPAR and interfering with anti-adhesive and anti-proliferative signaling of HKa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Tesfay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Annissa J. Huhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather Hatcher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frank M. Torti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suzy V. Torti
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a serious side effect of radiotherapy for intrathoracic and chest wall tumors. The threshold dose for development of clinically significant RIHD is believed to be lower than previously assumed. Therefore, research into mechanisms of RIHD has gained substantial momentum. RIHD becomes clinically apparent ten to fifteen years after radiation exposure. Chronic manifestations of RIHD include accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and valve abnormalities. Reducing exposure of the heart during radiotherapy is the only known method of preventing RIHD, and there are no approaches to reverse RIHD once it occurs. We use a combination of pharmacological and genetic animal models to determine biological mechanisms of RIHD. Major technological advances in small animal research have made this type of study more valuable. The long-term goal of this work is to identify targets for intervention in RIHD, thereby enhancing the efficacy and safety of thoracic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansass
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30
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Abstract
New insights into the roles of proteins that regulate cellular iron in cancer growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis have recently emerged. Discoveries of the roles of ferroportin, hepcidin, lipocalin 2, and members of the six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) and iron regulatory protein (IRP) families in cancer have provided specificity and molecular definition to the role of iron homeostasis in cancer growth and metastasis. A number of studies directly support a role of these proteins in modifying bioavailable iron, whereas other studies suggest that at least some of their effects are independent of their role in iron biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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31
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Perluigi M, di Domenico F, Fiorini A, Cocciolo A, Giorgi A, Foppoli C, Butterfield DA, Giorlandino M, Giorlandino C, Eugenia Schininà M, Coccia R. Oxidative stress occurs early in Down syndrome pregnancy: A redox proteomics analysis of amniotic fluid. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 5:167-78. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The many faces of the octahedral ferritin protein. Biometals 2011; 24:489-500. [PMID: 21267633 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace nutrient required for the active sites of many enzymes, electron transfer and oxygen transport proteins. In contrast, to its important biological roles, iron is a catalyst for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Organisms must acquire iron but must protect against oxidative damage. Biology has evolved siderophores, hormones, membrane transporters, and iron transport and storage proteins to acquire sufficient iron but maintain iron levels at safe concentrations that prevent iron from catalyzing the formation of ROS. Ferritin is an important hub for iron metabolism because it sequesters iron during times of iron excess and releases iron during iron paucity. Ferritin is expressed in response to oxidative stress and is secreted into the extracellular matrix and into the serum. The iron sequestering ability of ferritin is believed to be the source of the anti-oxidant properties of ferritin. In fact, ferritin has been used as a biomarker for disease because it is synthesized in response to oxidative damage and inflammation. The function of serum ferritin is poorly understood, however serum ferritin concentrations seem to correlate with total iron stores. Under certain conditions, ferritin is also associated with pro-oxidant activity. The source of this switch from anti-oxidant to pro-oxidant has not been established but may be associated with unregulated iron release from ferritin. Recent reports demonstrate that ferritin is involved in other aspects of biology such as cell activation, development, immunity and angiogenesis. This review examines ferritin expression and secretion in correlation with anti-oxidant activity and with respect to these new functions. In addition, conditions that lead to pro-oxidant conditions are considered.
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Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M. Preclinical research into basic mechanisms of radiation-induced heart disease. Cardiol Res Pract 2010; 2011:858262. [PMID: 20953374 PMCID: PMC2952915 DOI: 10.4061/2011/858262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a potentially severe side effect of radiotherapy of thoracic and chest wall tumors if all or part of the heart was included in the radiation field. RIHD presents clinically several years after irradiation and manifestations include accelerated atherosclerosis, pericardial and myocardial fibrosis, conduction abnormalities, and injury to cardiac valves. There is no method to prevent or reverse these injuries when the heart is exposed to ionizing radiation. This paper presents an overview of recent studies that address the role of microvascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, mast cells, and the renin angiotensin system in animal models of cardiac radiation injury. These insights into the basic mechanisms of RIHD may lead to the identification of targets for intervention in this late radiotherapy side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - M. Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 522-10, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Watt RK, Hilton RJ, Graff DM. Oxido-reduction is not the only mechanism allowing ions to traverse the ferritin protein shell. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:745-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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35
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Wang W, Knovich MA, Coffman LG, Torti FM, Torti SV. Serum ferritin: Past, present and future. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1800:760-9. [PMID: 20304033 PMCID: PMC2893236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum ferritin was discovered in the 1930s, and was developed as a clinical test in the 1970s. Many diseases are associated with iron overload or iron deficiency. Serum ferritin is widely used in diagnosing and monitoring these diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this chapter, we discuss the role of serum ferritin in physiological and pathological processes and its use as a clinical tool. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Although many aspects of the fundamental biology of serum ferritin remain surprisingly unclear, a growing number of roles have been attributed to extracellular ferritin, including newly described roles in iron delivery, angiogenesis, inflammation, immunity, signaling and cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Serum ferritin remains a clinically useful tool. Further studies on the biology of this protein may provide new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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36
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Zhu L, Carretero OA, Liao TD, Harding P, Li H, Sumners C, Yang XP. Role of prolylcarboxypeptidase in angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated bradykinin release in mouse coronary artery endothelial cells. Hypertension 2010; 56:384-90. [PMID: 20606103 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.155051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT(2)R) causes the release of kinins, which have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. However, it is not clear how AT(2)R interact with the kallikrein-kinin system to generate kinins. Prolylcarboxypeptidase is an endothelial membrane-bound plasma prekallikrein activator that converts plasma prekallikrein to kallikrein, leading to generation of bradykinin from high-molecular-weight kininogen. We hypothesized that AT(2)R-induced bradykinin release is at least in part mediated by activation of prolylcarboxypeptidase. Cultures of mouse coronary artery endothelial cells were transfected with an adenoviral vector containing the AT(2)R gene (Ad-AT(2)R) or green fluorescent protein only (Ad-GFP) as control. We found that overexpression of AT(2)R increased prolylcarboxypeptidase mRNA by 1.7-fold and protein 2.5-fold compared with Ad-GFP controls. AT(2)R overexpression had no effect on angiotensin II type 1 receptor mRNA. Bradykinin release was increased 2.2-fold in AT(2)R-transfected cells. Activation of AT(2)R by CGP42112A, a specific AT(2)R agonist, increased bradykinin further in AT(2)R-transfected cells. These effects were diminished or abolished by AT(2)R blockade or a plasma kallikrein inhibitor. Furthermore, blocking prolylcarboxypeptidase with a small interfering RNA partially but significantly reduced bradykinin release by transfected AT(2)R cells either at the basal condition or when stimulated by the AT(2)R agonist CGP42112A. These findings suggest that overexpression of AT(2)R in mouse coronary artery endothelial cells increases expression of prolylcarboxypeptidase, which may contribute to kinin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
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37
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Kininogens: More than cysteine protease inhibitors and kinin precursors. Biochimie 2010; 92:1568-79. [PMID: 20346387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two kininogens are found in mammalian sera: HK (high molecular weight kininogen) and LK (low molecular weight kininogen) with the exception of the rat which encompasses a third kininogen, T-Kininogen (TK). Kininogens are multifunctional glycosylated molecules related to cystatins (clan IH, family I25). They harbor three cystatin domains but only two of them are tight-binding inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins. HK and LK, but not TK, are precursors of potent peptide hormones, the kinins, which are released proteolytically by tissue and plasma kallikreins. Besides these classical features novel functions of kininogens have been recently discovered; they are described in the second part of this review. HKa, which corresponds to the kinin-free two-chain HK and its isolated domain D5 (kininostatin), possesses angiostatic and pro-apoptotic properties, inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, some HK-derived peptides display potent and broad-spectrum microbicidal properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and thus may offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. Of seminal interest, a kininogen-derived peptide inhibits activation of the contact phase system of coagulation and protects mice with invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection from pulmonary lesions. On the other hand, TK is a biomarker of aging at the end of lifespan of elderly rats. However, although TK has been initially identified as an acute phase reactant, and earlier known as alpha-l-acute phase globulin, the increase of TK in liver and plasma is not known to relate to any inflammatory event during the senescence process.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, the synthesis of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, plays a critical role in normal wound healing and tumor growth. HKa (cleaved high molecular weight kininogen) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis formed by the cleavage of kininogen on endothelial cells. Ferritin is a protein principally known for its central role in iron storage. Here, we demonstrate that ferritin binds to HKa with high affinity (K(d) 13 nM). Further, ferritin antagonizes the antiangiogenic effects of HKa, enhancing the migration, assembly, and survival of HKa-treated endothelial cells. Effects of ferritin were independent of its iron content. Peptide mapping revealed that ferritin binds to a 22-aa subdomain of HKa that is critical to its antiangiogenic activity. In vivo, ferritin opposed HKa's antiangiogenic effects in a human prostate cancer xenograft, restoring tumor-dependent vessel growth. Ferritin-mediated regulation of angiogenesis represents a new angiogenic regulatory pathway, and identifies a new role for ferritin in cell biology.
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Knovich MA, Storey JA, Coffman LG, Torti SV, Torti FM. Ferritin for the clinician. Blood Rev 2008; 23:95-104. [PMID: 18835072 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin, a major iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis and is involved in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes. In clinical medicine, ferritin is predominantly utilized as a serum marker of total body iron stores. In cases of iron deficiency and overload, serum ferritin serves a critical role in both diagnosis and management. Elevated serum and tissue ferritin are linked to coronary artery disease, malignancy, and poor outcomes following stem cell transplantation. Ferritin is directly implicated in less common but potentially devastating human diseases including sideroblastic anemias, neurodegenerative disorders, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Additionally, recent research describes novel functions of ferritin independent of iron storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Knovich
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1082, USA.
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