1
|
Nawroth JC, Roth D, van Schadewijk A, Ravi A, Maulana TI, Senger CN, van Riet S, Ninaber DK, de Waal AM, Kraft D, Hiemstra PS, Ryan AL, van der Does AM. Breathing on chip: Dynamic flow and stretch accelerate mucociliary maturation of airway epithelium in vitro. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100713. [PMID: 37455819 PMCID: PMC10339259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung function is intricately linked to blood flow and breathing cycles, but it remains unknown how these dynamic cues shape human airway epithelial biology. Here we report a state-of-the-art protocol for studying the effects of dynamic medium and airflow as well as stretch on human primary airway epithelial cell differentiation and maturation, including mucociliary clearance, using an organ-on-chip device. Perfused epithelial cell cultures displayed accelerated maturation and polarization of mucociliary clearance, and changes in specific cell-types when compared to traditional (static) culture methods. Additional application of airflow and stretch to the airway chip resulted in an increase in polarization of mucociliary clearance towards the applied flow, reduced baseline secretion of interleukin-8 and other inflammatory proteins, and reduced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, fibronectin, and other extracellular matrix factors. These results indicate that breathing-like mechanical stimuli are important modulators of airway epithelial cell differentiation and maturation and that their fine-tuned application could generate models of specific epithelial pathologies, including mucociliary (dys)function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna C. Nawroth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Emulate Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Annemarie van Schadewijk
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abilash Ravi
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiana N. Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sander van Riet
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy M. de Waal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothea Kraft
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong SL, Kardia E, Vijayan A, Umashankar B, Pandzic E, Zhong L, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Molecular and Functional Characteristics of Airway Epithelium under Chronic Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076475. [PMID: 37047450 PMCID: PMC10095024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and chronic hypoxia of airway mucosa is a common feature of progressive respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the impact of prolonged hypoxia on airway stem cell function and differentiated epithelium is not well elucidated. Acute hypoxia alters the transcription and translation of many genes, including the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR-targeted therapies (modulators) have not been investigated in vitro under chronic hypoxic conditions found in CF airways in vivo. Nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) derived from eight CF and three non-CF participants were expanded and differentiated at the air-liquid interface (26-30 days) at ambient and 2% oxygen tension (hypoxia). Morphology, global proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and function (barrier integrity, cilia motility and ion transport) of basal stem cells and differentiated cultures were assessed. hNECs expanded at chronic hypoxia, demonstrating epithelial cobblestone morphology and a similar proliferation rate to hNECs expanded at normoxia. Hypoxia-inducible proteins and pathways in stem cells and differentiated cultures were identified. Despite the stem cells' plasticity and adaptation to chronic hypoxia, the differentiated epithelium was significantly thinner with reduced barrier integrity. Stem cell lineage commitment shifted to a more secretory epithelial phenotype. Motile cilia abundance, length, beat frequency and coordination were significantly negatively modulated. Chronic hypoxia reduces the activity of epithelial sodium and CFTR ion channels. CFTR modulator drug response was diminished. Our findings shed light on the molecular pathophysiology of hypoxia and its implications in CF. Targeting hypoxia can be a strategy to augment mucosal function and may provide a means to enhance the efficacy of CFTR modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Egi Kardia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bala Umashankar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Volodina OV, Anuchina AA, Zainitdinova MI, Evtushenko NA, Lavrov AV, Smirnikhina SA. Rational Design of ssODN to Correct Mutations by Gene Editing. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:464-471. [PMID: 35790380 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing allows to make a variety of targeted changes in genome, which can potentially be used to treat hereditary human diseases. Despite numerous studies in this area, effectiveness of gene editing methods for correcting mutations is still low, so these methods are not allowed in routine practice. It has been shown that rational design of genome editing components can significantly increase efficiency of mutation correction. In this work, we propose design of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ssODNs) to increase efficiency of gene editing. Using a model system to repair knocked out EGFP that is integrated into the genome of HEK293T cell culture, we have shown that only a small part of ssODN (about 20 nucleotides: from the 15th nucleotide at 3'-end to the 4th nucleotide at 5'-end), a donor molecule for repairing double-stranded DNA breaks, is integrated into the site of the break. Based on the obtained data, it is possible to rationally approach the design of ssODNs to correct mutations using CRISPR-Cas9 method for the development of gene therapy for hereditary human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Volodina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | | | | | - Nadezhda A Evtushenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Analysis of the diagnosis of Japanese patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia using a conditional reprogramming culture. Respir Investig 2022; 60:407-417. [PMID: 35305968 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is diagnosed through multiple methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a high-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA), immunofluorescence (IF), and genetic testing. A primary cell culture has been recommended to avoid the misdiagnosis of secondary ciliary dyskinesia derived from infection or inflammation and improve diagnostic accuracy. However, primary cells fail to differentiate into ciliated cells through repeated passages. The conditional reprogramming culture (CRC) method, a combination of a Rho-kinase inhibitor and fibroblast feeder cells, has been applied to cystic fibrosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the value of CRC in diagnosing PCD in Japanese patients. METHODS Eleven patients clinically suspected of having PCD were included. Airway epithelial cells were obtained from an endobronchial forceps biopsy and cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) combined with CRC. Ciliary movement, ultrastructure, and mutated ciliary protein evaluation were performed using HSVA, TEM, and IF, respectively. Genetic testing was performed on some patients. RESULTS CRC yielded dense and well-differentiated ciliated cells with a high success rate (∼90%). In patients with PCD, the ciliary ultrastructure phenotype (outer dynein arm defects or normal ultrastructure) and IF findings (absence of the mutated ciliary protein) were confirmed after CRC. In DNAH11-mutant cases with normal ultrastructure by TEM, the HSVA revealed stiff and hyperfrequent ciliary beating with low bending capacity in CRC-expanded cells, thereby supporting the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS CRC could be a potential tool for improving diagnostic accuracy and contributing to future clinical and basic research in PCD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmidt H, Gutjahr L, Sauter A, Zech F, Nchioua R, Stenger S, Frick M, Kirchhoff F, Dietl P, Wittekindt OH. Serially passaged, conditionally reprogrammed nasal epithelial cells as a model to study epithelial functions and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C591-C604. [PMID: 35196166 PMCID: PMC8977148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00363.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary airway epithelial cells (pAECs) cultivated at air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions are widely used as surrogates for human in vivo epithelia. To extend the proliferative capacity and to enable serially passaging of pAECs, conditional reprogramming (cr) has been employed in recent years. However, ALI epithelia derived from cr cells often display functional changes with increasing passages. This highlights the need for thorough validation of the ALI cultures for the respective application. In our study, we evaluated the use of serially passaged cr nasal epithelial cells (crNECs) as a model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and effects on ion and water transport. NECs were obtained from healthy individuals and cultivated as ALI epithelia derived from passages 1, 2, 3, and 5. We compared epithelial differentiation, ion and water transport, and infection with SARS-CoV-2 between passages. Our results show that epithelia maintained major differentiation characteristics and physiological ion and water transport properties through all passages. However, the frequency of ciliated cells, short circuit currents reflecting epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity and expression of aquaporin 3 and 5 decreased gradually over passages. crNECs also expressed SARS-CoV-2 receptors angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serin2 protease 2 (TMPRSS2) across all passages and allowed SARS-CoV-2 replication in all passages. In summary, we provide evidence that passaged crNECs provide an appropriate model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and also epithelial transport function when considering some limitations that we defined herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Cente, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lara Gutjahr
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sepe S, Rossiello F, Cancila V, Iannelli F, Matti V, Cicio G, Cabrini M, Marinelli E, Alabi BR, di Lillo A, Di Napoli A, Shay JW, Tripodo C, d'Adda di Fagagna F. DNA damage response at telomeres boosts the transcription of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 during aging. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e53658. [PMID: 34854526 PMCID: PMC8811650 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), known to be more common in the elderly, who also show more severe symptoms and are at higher risk of hospitalization and death. Here, we show that the expression of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell receptor, increases during aging in mouse and human lungs. ACE2 expression increases upon telomere shortening or dysfunction in both cultured mammalian cells and in vivo in mice. This increase is controlled at the transcriptional level, and Ace2 promoter activity is DNA damage response (DDR)‐dependent. Both pharmacological global DDR inhibition of ATM kinase activity and selective telomeric DDR inhibition by the use of antisense oligonucleotides prevent Ace2 upregulation following telomere damage in cultured cells and in mice. We propose that during aging telomere dysfunction due to telomeric shortening or damage triggers DDR activation and this causes the upregulation of ACE2, the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell receptor, thus contributing to make the elderly more susceptible to the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sepe
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossiello
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Matti
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Cicio
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cabrini
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Marinelli
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Busola R Alabi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alessia di Lillo
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liberti DC, Morrisey EE. Organoid models: assessing lung cell fate decisions and disease responses. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1159-1174. [PMID: 34674972 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organoids can be derived from various cell types in the lung, and they provide a reproducible and tractable model for understanding the complex signals driving cell fate decisions in a regenerative context. In this review, we provide a retrospective account of organoid methodologies and outline new opportunities for optimizing these methods to further explore emerging concepts in lung biology. Moreover, we examine the benefits of integrating organoid assays with in vivo modeling to explore how the various niches and compartments in the respiratory system respond to both acute and chronic lung disease. The strategic implementation and improvement of organoid techniques will provide exciting new opportunities to understand and identify new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate lung disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee DDH, Cardinale D, Nigro E, Butler CR, Rutman A, Fassad MR, Hirst RA, Moulding D, Agrotis A, Forsythe E, Peckham D, Robson E, Smith CM, Somavarapu S, Beales PL, Hart SL, Janes SM, Mitchison HM, Ketteler R, Hynds RE, O'Callaghan C. Higher throughput drug screening for rare respiratory diseases: readthrough therapy in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00455-2020. [PMID: 33795320 PMCID: PMC8514977 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of therapeutic approaches for rare respiratory diseases is hampered by the lack of systems that allow medium-to-high-throughput screening of fully differentiated respiratory epithelium from affected patients. This is a particular problem for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in genes that adversely affect ciliary movement and consequently mucociliary transport. Primary cell culture of basal epithelial cells from nasal brush biopsies followed by ciliated differentiation at the air-liquid interface (ALI) has proven to be a useful tool in PCD diagnostics but the technique's broader utility, including in pre-clinical PCD research, has been restricted by the limited number of basal cells that can be expanded from such biopsies. METHODS We describe an immunofluorescence screening method, enabled by extensive expansion of basal cells from PCD patients and the directed differentiation of these cells into ciliated epithelium in miniaturised 96-well transwell format ALI cultures. As proof-of-principle, we performed a personalised investigation in a patient with a rare and severe form of PCD (reduced generation of motile cilia), in this case caused by a homozygous nonsense mutation in the MCIDAS gene. RESULTS Initial analyses of ciliary ultrastructure, beat pattern and beat frequency in the 96-well transwell format ALI cultures indicate that a range of different PCD defects can be retained in these cultures. The screening system in our proof-of-principal investigation allowed drugs that induce translational readthrough to be evaluated alone or in combination with nonsense-mediated decay inhibitors. We observed restoration of basal body formation but not the generation of cilia in the patient's nasal epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a platform for higher throughput analyses of airway epithelia that is applicable in a range of settings and suggests novel avenues for drug evaluation and development in PCD caused by nonsense mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Do Hyang Lee
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- D.D.H. Lee and D. Cardinale contributed equally
| | - Daniela Cardinale
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- D.D.H. Lee and D. Cardinale contributed equally
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mahmoud R Fassad
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander Agrotis
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Forsythe
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Evie Robson
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Philip L Beales
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- R.E. Hynds and C. O'Callaghan contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- R.E. Hynds and C. O'Callaghan contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sone N, Konishi S, Igura K, Tamai K, Ikeo S, Korogi Y, Kanagaki S, Namba T, Yamamoto Y, Xu Y, Takeuchi K, Adachi Y, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Hagiwara M, Tsukita S, Hirai T, Torisawa YS, Gotoh S. Multicellular modeling of ciliopathy by combining iPS cells and microfluidic airway-on-a-chip technology. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/601/eabb1298. [PMID: 34233948 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an essential lung function that facilitates the removal of inhaled pathogens and foreign matter unidirectionally from the airway tract and is innately achieved by coordinated ciliary beating of multiciliated cells. Should ciliary function become disturbed, mucus can accumulate in the airway causing subsequent obstruction and potentially recurrent pneumonia. However, it has been difficult to recapitulate unidirectional mucociliary flow using human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and the mechanism governing the flow has not yet been elucidated, hampering the proper humanized airway disease modeling. Here, we combine human iPSCs and airway-on-a-chip technology, to demonstrate the effectiveness of fluid shear stress (FSS) for regulating the global axis of multicellular planar cell polarity (PCP), as well as inducing ciliogenesis, thereby contributing to quantifiable unidirectional mucociliary flow. Furthermore, we applied the findings to disease modeling of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic disease characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance. The application of an airway cell sheet derived from patient-derived iPSCs and their gene-edited counterparts, as well as genetic knockout iPSCs of PCD causative genes, made it possible to recapitulate the abnormal ciliary functions in organized PCP using the airway-on-a-chip. These findings suggest that the disease model of PCD developed here is a potential platform for making diagnoses and identifying therapeutic targets and that airway reconstruction therapy using mechanical stress to regulate PCP might have therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Igura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Namba
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hynds RE, Zacharias WJ, Nikolić MZ, Königshoff M, Eickelberg O, Gosens R, de Coppi P, Janes SM, Morrisey E, Clevers H, Ryan AL, Stripp BR, Sun X, Kim CF, Lin QS. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Building Respiratory Epithelium and Tissue for Health (BREATH) Consortium Workshop Report: Moving Forward in Lung Regeneration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:22-29. [PMID: 33625958 PMCID: PMC8320125 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0397ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, together with the Longfonds BREATH consortium, convened a working group to review the field of lung regeneration and suggest avenues for future research. The meeting took place on May 22, 2019, at the American Thoracic Society 2019 conference in Dallas, Texas, United States, and brought together investigators studying lung development, adult stem-cell biology, induced pluripotent stem cells, biomaterials, and respiratory disease. The purpose of the working group was 1) to examine the present status of basic science approaches to tackling lung disease and promoting lung regeneration in patients and 2) to determine priorities for future research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, and
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital–College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marko Z. Nikolić
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Research Unit, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre–University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Morrisey
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania–Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences–University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- The Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, and
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Lung Institute and
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Carla F. Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Qing S. Lin
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Orr JC, Hynds RE. Stem Cell-derived Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures as Human Disease Models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:657-668. [PMID: 33428856 PMCID: PMC8456877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0440tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and the understanding of factors that determine lung stem cell self-renewal have enabled long-term in vitro culture of human lung cells derived from airway basal and alveolar type II cells. Improved capability to expand and study primary cells long term, including in clonal cultures that are recently derived from a single cell, will allow experiments that address fundamental questions about lung homeostasis and repair, as well as translational questions in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer research. Here, we provide a brief history of postnatal lung epithelial cell culture and describe recent methodological advances. We further discuss the applications of primary cultures in defining "normal" epithelium, in modeling lung disease, and in future cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, and
| | - Robert E Hynds
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bukowy-Bieryłło Z. Long-term differentiating primary human airway epithelial cell cultures: how far are we? Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:63. [PMID: 34044844 PMCID: PMC8159066 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human airway epithelial (HAE) cellular models are widely used in applicative studies of the airway physiology and disease. In vitro expanded and differentiated primary HAE cells collected from patients seem to be an accurate model of human airway, offering a quicker and cheaper alternative to the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) models. However, the biggest drawback of primary HAE models is their limited proliferative lifespan in culture. Much work has been devoted to understand the factors, which govern the HAE cell proliferation and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Here, I have summarized recent achievements in primary HAE culture, with the special emphasis on the models of conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC), which allow longer in vitro proliferation and differentiation of HAE cells. The review compares the CRC HAE technique variants (feeder culture or HAE mono-culture), based on recently published studies exploiting this model. The advantages and limitations of each CRC HAE model variant are summarized, along with the description of other factors affecting the CRC HAE culture success (tissue type, sampling method, sample quality). CONCLUSIONS CRC HAE cultures are a useful technique in respiratory research, which in many cases exceeds the iPSCs and organoid culture methods. Until the current limitations of the iPSCs and organoid culture methods will be alleviated, the primary CRC HAE cultures might be a useful model in respiratory research. Airway epithelium (AE) is a type of tissue, which lines the whole length of human airways, from the nose to the bronchi. Improper functioning of AE causes several human airway disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis (CF). Much work has been devoted to finding the best scientific model of human AE, in order to learn about its functioning in health and disease. Among the popular AE models are the primary in vitro cultured AE cells collected from human donors. Unfortunately, such human AE (HAE) cells do not easily divide (expand) in vitro; this poses a large logistic and ethical problem for the researchers. Here, I summarize recent achievements in the methods for in vitro culture of human AE cells, with special emphasis on the conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) models, which allow longer and more effective expansion of primary human AE cells in vitro. The review describes how the specific chemicals used in the CRC models work to allow the increased HAE divisions and compares the effects of the different so-far developed variants of the CRC HAE culture. The review also pinpoints the areas which need to be refined, in order to maximize the usefulness of the CRC AE cultures from human donors in research on human airway disorders. Video abstract.
Collapse
|
13
|
Busch SM, Lorenzana Z, Ryan AL. Implications for Extracellular Matrix Interactions With Human Lung Basal Stem Cells in Lung Development, Disease, and Airway Modeling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645858. [PMID: 34054525 PMCID: PMC8149957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not simply a quiescent scaffold. This three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules provides structural, mechanical, and biochemical support for the cells of the lung. Throughout life, the ECM forms a critical component of the pulmonary stem cell niche. Basal cells (BCs), the primary stem cells of the airways capable of differentiating to all luminal cell types, reside in close proximity to the basolateral ECM. Studying BC-ECM interactions is important for the development of therapies for chronic lung diseases in which ECM alterations are accompanied by an apparent loss of the lung's regenerative capacity. The complexity and importance of the native ECM in the regulation of BCs is highlighted as we have yet to create an in vitro culture model that is capable of supporting the long-term expansion of multipotent BCs. The interactions between the pulmonary ECM and BCs are, therefore, a vital component for understanding the mechanisms regulating BC stemness during health and disease. If we are able to replicate these interactions in airway models, we could significantly improve our ability to maintain basal cell stemness ex vivo for use in in vitro models and with prospects for cellular therapies. Furthermore, successful, and sustained airway regeneration in an aged or diseased lung by small molecules, novel compounds or via cellular therapy will rely upon both manipulation of the airway stem cells and their immediate niche within the lung. This review will focus on the current understanding of how the pulmonary ECM regulates the basal stem cell function, how this relationship changes in chronic disease, and how replicating native conditions poses challenges for ex vivo cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Busch
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Allan KM, Farrow N, Donnelley M, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: From Gene- to Cell-Based Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639475. [PMID: 33796025 PMCID: PMC8007963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) varies extensively despite recent advances in targeted therapies that improve CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. Despite being a multi-organ disease, extensive lung tissue destruction remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Progress towards a curative treatment strategy that implements a CFTR gene addition-technology to the patients’ lungs has been slow and not yet developed beyond clinical trials. Improved delivery vectors are needed to overcome the body’s defense system and ensure an efficient and consistent clinical response before gene therapy is suitable for clinical care. Cell-based therapy–which relies on functional modification of allogenic or autologous cells ex vivo, prior to transplantation into the patient–is now a therapeutic reality for various diseases. For CF, pioneering research has demonstrated proof-of-principle for allogenic transplantation of cultured human airway stem cells into mouse airways. However, applying a cell-based therapy to the human airways has distinct challenges. We review CF gene therapies using viral and non-viral delivery strategies and discuss current advances towards autologous cell-based therapies. Progress towards identification, correction, and expansion of a suitable regenerative cell, as well as refinement of pre-cell transplant lung conditioning protocols is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelin M Allan
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu J, Zhu X, Shui JE, Xiong L, Gierahn T, Zhang C, Wood M, Hally S, Love JC, Li H, Crawford BC, Mou H, Lerou PH. Rho/SMAD/mTOR triple inhibition enables long-term expansion of human neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived airway basal cell-like cells. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:502-509. [PMID: 32365352 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains one of the most common complications of prematurity, despite significant improvements in perinatal care. Functional modeling of human lung development and disease, like BPD, is limited by our ability to access the lung and to maintain relevant progenitor cell populations in culture. METHODS We supplemented Rho/SMAD signaling inhibition with mTOR inhibition to generate epithelial basal cell-like cell lines from tracheal aspirates of neonates. RESULTS Single-cell RNA-sequencing confirmed the presence of epithelial cells in tracheal aspirates obtained from intubated neonates. Using Rho/SMAD/mTOR triple signaling inhibition, neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived (nTAD) basal cell-like cells can be expanded long term and retain the ability to differentiate into pseudostratified airway epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived epithelial cells can provide a novel ex vivo human cellular model to study neonatal lung development and disease. IMPACT Airway epithelial basal cell-like cell lines were derived from human neonatal tracheal aspirates. mTOR inhibition significantly extends in vitro proliferation of neonatal tracheal aspirate-derived basal cell-like cells (nTAD BCCs). nTAD BCCs can be differentiated into functional airway epithelium. nTAD BCCs provide a novel model to investigate perinatal lung development and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Jessica E Shui
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Linjie Xiong
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Todd Gierahn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Wood
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne Hally
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin C Crawford
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Paul H Lerou
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chai J, Han L, Zhang J, Han D, Zou L, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guo H. Conditional Reprogramming Inducing Clinical Cells Proliferation: New Research Tools in Tumor and Inflammatory-related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2657-2660. [PMID: 32175833 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, establishing a patient-derived cell model is crucial, whether in vitro or in vivo. Compared to the traditional cell lines, patient-derived primary cells represent precise genetic features from specific patients, but poor proliferative activity of human primary cells restricts their popular application. Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a new cell culture technique to achieve rapid growth of patient-derived cells in vitro, making it possible to identify the individual difference and screen drugs sensitivity. In this review, we will summarize the application and limitation of CR in tumor and inflammatory-related diseases, indicating the prospect of this technique for preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Li Han
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dali Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ze Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smirnikhina SA, Kondrateva EV, Adilgereeva EP, Anuchina AA, Zaynitdinova MI, Slesarenko YS, Ershova AS, Ustinov KD, Yasinovsky MI, Amelina EL, Voronina ES, Yakushina VD, Tabakov VY, Lavrov AV. P.F508del editing in cells from cystic fibrosis patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242094. [PMID: 33175893 PMCID: PMC7657551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of genome editing methods created new opportunities for the development of etiology-based therapies of hereditary diseases. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 can correct p.F508del mutation in the CFTR gene in the CFTE29o- cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We used several combinations of Cas9, sgRNA and ssODN and measured editing efficiency in the endogenous CFTR gene and in the co-transfected plasmid containing the CFTR locus with the p.F508del mutation. The non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) frequency in the CFTR gene in the CFTE29o- cells varied from 1.25% to 2.54% of alleles. The best homology-directed repair (HDR) frequency in the endogenous CFTR locus was 1.42% of alleles. In iPSCs, the NHEJ frequency in the CFTR gene varied from 5.5% to 12.13% of alleles. The best HDR efficacy was 2.38% of alleles. Our results show that p.F508del mutation editing using CRISPR/Cas9 in CF patient-derived iPSCs is a relatively rare event and subsequent cell selection and cultivation should be carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Smirnikhina
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Ekaterina V. Kondrateva
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elmira P. Adilgereeva
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Arina A. Anuchina
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yana S. Slesarenko
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Angelina S. Ershova
- Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kirill D. Ustinov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Matvei I. Yasinovsky
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena L. Amelina
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis, Research Institute of Pulmonology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Voronina
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina D. Yakushina
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Yu. Tabakov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Lavrov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu X, Mondal AM. Conditional cell reprogramming for modeling host-virus interactions and human viral diseases. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2440-2452. [PMID: 32478897 PMCID: PMC7586785 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cancer and transformed cell lines are widely used in cancer biology and other fields within biology. These cells usually have abnormalities from the original tumor itself, but may also develop abnormalities due to genetic manipulation, or genetic and epigenetic changes during long-term passages. Primary cultures may maintain lineage functions as the original tissue types, yet they have a very limited life span or population doubling time because of the nature of cellular senescence. Primary cultures usually have very low yields, and the high variability from any original tissue specimens, largely limiting their applications in research. Animal models are often used for studies of virus infections, disease modeling, development of antiviral drugs, and vaccines. Human viruses often need a series of passages in vivo to adapt to the host environment because of variable receptors on the cell surface and may have intracellular restrictions from the cell types or host species. Here, we describe a long-term cell culture system, conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs), and its applications in modeling human viral diseases and drug discovery. Using feeder layer coculture in presence of Y-27632 (conditional reprogramming, CR), CRCs can be obtained and rapidly propagated from surgical specimens, core or needle biopsies, and other minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens, for example, nasal cavity brushing. CRCs preserve their lineage functions and provide biologically relevant and physiological conditions, which are suitable for studies of viral entry and replication, innate immune responses of host cells, and discovery of antiviral drugs. In this review, we summarize the applications of CR technology in modeling host-virus interactions and human viral diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and coronavirus disease-2019, and antiviral discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Abdul M. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee RE, Miller SM, Mascenik TM, Lewis CA, Dang H, Boggs ZH, Tarran R, Randell SH. Assessing Human Airway Epithelial Progenitor Cells for Cystic Fibrosis Cell Therapy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:374-385. [PMID: 32437238 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0384oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CFTR (CF transmembrane regulator) gene. Pharmacologic therapies directed at CFTR have been developed but are not effective for mutations that result in little or no mRNA or protein expression. Cell therapy is a potential mutation-agnostic approach to treatment. One strategy is to harvest human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) for gene addition or genetic correction, followed by expansion and engraftment. This approach will require cells to grow extensively while retaining their ability to reconstitute CFTR activity. We hypothesized that conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) technology, namely growth in the presence of irradiated feeder cells and a Rho kinase inhibitor, would enable expansion while maintaining cell capacity to express functional CFTR. Our goal was to compare expression of the basal cell marker NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor) and three-dimensional bronchosphere colony-forming efficiency (CFE) in early- and later-passage HBECs grown using nonproprietary bronchial epithelial growth medium or the CRC method. Cell number and CFTR activity were determined in a competitive repopulation assay employing chimeric air-liquid interface cultures. HBECs expanded using the CRC method expressed the highest NGFR levels, had the greatest 3D colony-forming efficiency at later passage, generated greater cell numbers in chimeric cultures, and most effectively reconstituted CFTR activity. In our study, the HBEC air-liquid interface model, an informative testing platform proven vital for the development of other CF therapies, illustrated that cells grown by CRC technology or equivalent methods may be useful for cell therapy of CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and
| | | | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Duk Koh
- Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parekh KR, Nawroth J, Pai A, Busch SM, Senger CN, Ryan AL. Stem cells and lung regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C675-C693. [PMID: 32783658 PMCID: PMC7654650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to replace defective cells in an airway with cells that can engraft, integrate, and restore a functional epithelium could potentially cure a number of lung diseases. Progress toward the development of strategies to regenerate the adult lung by either in vivo or ex vivo targeting of endogenous stem cells or pluripotent stem cell derivatives is limited by our fundamental lack of understanding of the mechanisms controlling human lung development, the precise identity and function of human lung stem and progenitor cell types, and the genetic and epigenetic control of human lung fate. In this review, we intend to discuss the known stem/progenitor cell populations, their relative differences between rodents and humans, their roles in chronic lung disease, and their therapeutic prospects. Additionally, we highlight the recent breakthroughs that have increased our understanding of these cell types. These advancements include novel lineage-traced animal models and single-cell RNA sequencing of human airway cells, which have provided critical information on the stem cell subtypes, transition states, identifying cell markers, and intricate pathways that commit a stem cell to differentiate or to maintain plasticity. As our capacity to model the human lung evolves, so will our understanding of lung regeneration and our ability to target endogenous stem cells as a therapeutic approach for lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert Pai
- Department Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shana M Busch
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christiana N Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choice of Differentiation Media Significantly Impacts Cell Lineage and Response to CFTR Modulators in Fully Differentiated Primary Cultures of Cystic Fibrosis Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092137. [PMID: 32967385 PMCID: PMC7565948 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) grown at air–liquid interface have become a valuable tool to study airway biology under normal and pathologic conditions, and for drug discovery in lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). An increasing number of different differentiation media, are now available, making comparison of data between studies difficult. Here, we investigated the impact of two common differentiation media on phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological features of CF and non-CF epithelia. Cellular architecture and density were strongly impacted by the choice of medium. RNA-sequencing revealed a shift in airway cell lineage; one medium promoting differentiation into club and goblet cells whilst the other enriched the growth of ionocytes and multiciliated cells. Pathway analysis identified differential expression of genes involved in ion and fluid transport. Physiological assays (intracellular/extracellular pH, Ussing chamber) specifically showed that ATP12A and CFTR function were altered, impacting pH and transepithelial ion transport in CF hAECs. Importantly, the two media differentially affected functional responses to CFTR modulators. We argue that the effect of growth conditions should be appropriately determined depending on the scientific question and that our study can act as a guide for choosing the optimal growth medium for specific applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
King NE, Suzuki S, Barillà C, Hawkins FJ, Randell SH, Reynolds SD, Stripp BR, Davis BR. Correction of Airway Stem Cells: Genome Editing Approaches for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:956-972. [PMID: 32741223 PMCID: PMC7495916 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Although CF affects multiple organs, the primary cause of mortality is respiratory failure resulting from poor clearance of hyperviscous secretions and subsequent airway infection. Recently developed CFTR modulators provide significant therapeutic benefit to the majority of CF individuals. However, treatments directed at the underlying cause are needed for the ∼7% of CF patients who are not expected to be responsive to these modulators. Genome editing can restore the native CFTR genetic sequence and function to mutant cells, representing an approach to establish durable physiologic CFTR correction. Although editing the CFTR gene in various airway cell types may transiently restore CFTR activity, effort is focused on editing airway basal stem/progenitor cells, since their correction would allow appropriate and durable expression of CFTR in stem cell-derived epithelial cell types. Substantial progress has been made to directly correct airway basal cells in vitro, theoretically enabling transplantation of autologous corrected cells to regenerate an airway with CFTR functional cells. Another approach to create autologous, gene-edited airway basal cells is derivation of CF donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, correction of the CFTR gene, and subsequent directed differentiation to airway basal cells. Further work is needed to translate these advances by developing effective transplantation methods. Alternatively, gene editing in vivo may enable CFTR correction. However, this approach will require robust delivery methods ensuring that basal cells are efficiently targeted and corrected. Recent advances in gene editing-based therapies provide hope that the genetic underpinning of CF can be durably corrected in airway epithelial stem cells, thereby preventing or treating lung disease in all people with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. King
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristina Barillà
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Finn J. Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan D. Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian R. Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin CL, Kuo YT, Tsao CH, Shyong YJ, Shih SH, Tu TY. Development of an In Vitro 3D Model for Investigating Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:20. [PMID: 32884451 PMCID: PMC7460798 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is among the most crucial factors in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, which can cause back pain, lower extremity pain, cauda equina syndrome and neurogenic claudication. The exact pathogenesis of LFH remains elusive despite extensive research. Most in vitro studies investigating LFH have been carried out using conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, which do not resemble in vivo conditions, as they lack crucial pathophysiological factors found in three-dimensional (3D) LFH tissue, such as enhanced cell proliferation and cell cluster formation. In this study, we generated ligamentum flavum (LF) clusters using spheroid cultures derived from primary LFH tissue. Results The cultured LF spheroids exhibited good viability and growth on an ultra-low attachment 96-well plate (ULA 96-plate) platform according to live/dead staining. Our results showed that the 100-cell culture continued to grow in size, while the 1000-cell culture maintained its size, and the 5000-cell culture exhibited a decreasing trend in size as the culture time increased; long-term culture was validated for at least 28 days. The LF spheroids also maintained the extracellular matrix (ECM) phenotype, i.e., fibronectin, elastin, and collagen I and III. The 2D culture and 3D culture were further compared by cell cycle and Western blot analyses. Finally, we utilized hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to demonstrate that the 3D spheroids resembled part of the cell arrangement in LF hypertrophic tissue. Conclusions The developed LF spheroid model has great potential, as it provides a stable culture platform in a 3D model that can further improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of LFH and has applications in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Che-Hao Tsao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu X, Wang S, Li M, Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Pang J, Wen Q, Chen M, Wei B, Kaboli PJ, Du F, Zhao Q, Cho CH, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Wu X. Conditional reprogramming: next generation cell culture. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1360-1381. [PMID: 32963937 PMCID: PMC7488362 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term primary culture of mammalian cells has been always difficult due to unavoidable senescence. Conventional methods for generating immortalized cell lines usually require manipulation of genome which leads to change of important biological and genetic characteristics. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) emerges as a novel next generation tool for long-term culture of primary epithelium cells derived from almost all origins without alteration of genetic background of primary cells. CR co-cultures primary cells with inactivated mouse 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in the presence of RHO-related protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, enabling primary cells to acquire stem-like characteristics while retain their ability to fully differentiate. With only a few years' development, CR shows broad prospects in applications in varied areas including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, drug evaluation, drug discovery as well as precision medicine. This review is thus to comprehensively summarize and assess current progress in understanding mechanism of CR and its wide applications, highlighting the value of CR in both basic and translational researches and discussing the challenges faced with CR.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3T3-J2 fibroblast
- AACR, American Association for Cancer Research
- ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma
- AR, androgen receptor
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators
- CR, conditional reprogramming
- CYPs, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- Conditional reprogramming
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESC, embryonic stem cell
- HCMI, human cancer model initiatives
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNE, human nasal epithelial
- HPV, human papillomaviruses
- ICD, intracellular domain
- LECs, limbal epithelial cells
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NGFR, nerve growth factor receptor
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NSG, NOD/SCID/gamma
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A
- RB, retinoblastoma-associated protein
- ROCK
- ROCK, Rho kinase
- SV40, simian virus 40 large tumor antigen
- Senescence
- UVB, ultraviolet radiation b
- Y-27632
- dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix
- hASC, human adipose stem cells
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- iPSCs, induction of pluripotent stem cells
- ΔNP63α, N-terminal truncated form of P63α
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Center of Radiation Oncology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xia S, Wu M, Chen S, Zhang T, Ye L, Liu J, Li H. Long Term Culture of Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells Maintains Lineage Functions and Serves as an Ex vivo Model for Coronavirus Associated Kidney Injury. Virol Sin 2020; 35:311-320. [PMID: 32602046 PMCID: PMC7322379 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of how SARS-CoV-2 causes severe multi-organ failure is largely unknown. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the frequent organ damage in severe COVID-19 patients. Previous studies have shown that human renal tubule cells could be the potential host cells targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Traditional cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines are genetically and phenotypically different from host cells. Animal models are widely used, but often fail to reflect a physiological and pathogenic status because of species tropisms. There is an unmet need for normal human epithelial cells for disease modeling. In this study, we successfully established long term cultures of normal human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (KPTECs) in 2D and 3D culture systems using conditional reprogramming (CR) and organoids techniques. These cells had the ability to differentiate and repair DNA damage, and showed no transforming property. Importantly, the CR KPTECs maintained lineage function with expression of specific transporters (SLC34A3 and cubilin). They also expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, cancer cell line did not express endogenous SLC34A3, cubilin and ACE2. Very interestingly, ACE2 expression was around twofold higher in 3D organoids culture compared to that in 2D CR culture condition. Pseudovirion assays demonstrated that SARS-CoV spike (S) protein was able to enter CR cells with luciferase reporter. This integrated 2D CR and 3D organoid cultures provide a physiological ex vivo model to study kidney functions, innate immune response of kidney cells to viruses, and a novel platform for drug discovery and safety evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lina Ye
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhong M, Fu L. Culture and application of conditionally reprogrammed primary tumor cells. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:224-233. [PMID: 32665854 PMCID: PMC7333928 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a major public-health problem that threatens human life worldwide and further study needs to be carried out in the basic and preclinical areas. Although high-throughput sequencing technology and individualized precise therapy have made breakthroughs over the years, the high failure rate of clinical translational research has limited the innovation of antitumor drugs and triggered the urgent need for optimal cancer-research models. The development of cancerous cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and organoid has strongly promoted the development of tumor-biology research, but the prediction values are limited. Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a novel cell-culture method for cancer research combining feeder cells with a Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, which enables the rapid and continuous proliferation of primary epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the methodology to establish CR model and overview recent functions and applications of CR cell-culture models in cancer research with regard to the study of cancer-biology characterization, the exploration of therapeutic targets, individualized drug screening, the illumination of mechanisms about response to antitumor drugs, and the improvement of patient-derived animal models, and finally discuss in detail the major limitations of this cell-culture system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu X, Wu Y, Rong L. Conditionally Reprogrammed Human Normal Airway Epithelial Cells at ALI: A Physiological Model for Emerging Viruses. Virol Sin 2020; 35:280-289. [PMID: 32557270 PMCID: PMC7298165 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due to significant genetic and epigenetic changes. Normal primary cell yields and viability from any original tissue specimens are usually relatively low or highly variable. These normal cells cease after a few passages or population doublings due to very limited proliferative capacity. Animal models (ferret, mouse, etc.) are often used to study virus-host interaction. However, viruses usually need to be adapted to the animals by several passages due to tropism restrictions including viral receptors and intracellular restrictions. Here we summarize applications of conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs), long-term cultures of normal airway epithelial cells from human nose to lung generated by conditional cell reprogramming (CR) technology, as an ex vivo model in studies of emerging viruses. CR allows to robustly propagate cells from non-invasive or minimally invasive specimens, for example, nasal or endobronchial brushing. This process is rapid (2 days) and conditional. The CRCs maintain their differentiation potential and lineage functions, and have been used for studies of adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, parvovirus, and SARS-CoV. The CRCs can be easily used for air-liquid interface (ALI) polarized 3D cultures, and these coupled CRC/ALI cultures mimic physiological conditions and are suitable for studies of viral entry including receptor binding and internalization, innate immune responses, viral replications, and drug discovery as an ex vivo model for emerging viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yuntao Wu
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinoi at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rapiteanu R, Karagyozova T, Zimmermann N, Singh K, Wayne G, Martufi M, Belyaev NN, Hessel EM, Michalovich D, Macarron R, Rowan WC, Cairns WJ, Roger J, Betts J, Beinke S, Maratou K. Highly efficient genome editing in primary human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at air–liquid interface. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00950-2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00950-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Peters-Hall JR, Min J, Tedone E, Sho S, Siteni S, Mender I, Shay JW. Proliferation of adult human bronchial epithelial cells without a telomere maintenance mechanism for over 200 population doublings. FASEB J 2020; 34:386-398. [PMID: 31914653 PMCID: PMC6956733 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902376r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is no direct evidence of telomerase activity in adult lung epithelial cells, but typical culture conditions only support cell proliferation for 30-40 population doublings (PD), a point at which telomeres remain relatively long. Here we report that in in vitro low stress culture conditions consisting of a fibroblast feeder layer, rho-associated coiled coil protein kinase inhibitor (ROCKi), and low oxygen (2%), normal human bronchial epithelial basal progenitor cells (HBECs) divide for over 200 PD without engaging a telomere maintenance mechanism (almost four times the "Hayflick limit"). HBECs exhibit critically short telomeres at 200 PD and the population of cells start to undergo replicative senescence. Subcloning these late passage cells to clonal density, to mimic lung injury in vivo, selects for rare subsets of HBECs that activate low levels of telomerase activity to maintain short telomeres. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of human telomerase reverse transcriptase or treatment with the telomerase-mediated telomere targeting agent 6-thio-2'deoxyguanosine abrogates colony growth in these late passage cultures (>200 PD) but not in early passage cultures (<200 PD). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report such long-term growth of HBECs without a telomere maintenance mechanism. This report also provides direct evidence of telomerase activation in HBECs near senescence when telomeres are critically short. This novel cell culture system provides an experimental model to understand how telomerase is regulated in normal adult tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Peters-Hall
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| | - Jaewon Min
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| | - Enzo Tedone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| | - Sei Sho
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| | - Silvia Siteni
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| | - Jerry W. Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9039
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alabi BR, LaRanger R, Shay JW. Decellularized mice colons as models to study the contribution of the extracellular matrix to cell behavior and colon cancer progression. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:213-222. [PMID: 31562987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current 3D culture models to study colorectal cancer lack architectural support and signaling proteins provided by the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) which may influence cell behavior and cancer progression. Therefore, the ability to study cancer cells in the context of a matrix that is physiologically more relevant and to understand how the ECM affects cancer progression has been understudied. To address this, we developed an ex-vivo 3D system, provided by intact wild type (WT) and colon cancer susceptible decellularized mouse colons (DMC), to support the growth of human cancer cells. DMC are free of viable cells but still contain extracellular matrix proteins including subsets of collagens. Stiffness, an important mechanical property, is also maintained in DMCs. Importantly, we observed that the DMC is permissive for cell proliferation and differentiation of a human colon cancer cell line (HT-29). Notably, the ability of cells in the WT DMC to differentiate was also greater when compared to Matrigel™, an extracellular matrix extract from a mouse tumor cell line. Additionally, we observed in invasion assays that DMC obtained from polyps from a colon cancer susceptible mouse model facilitated increased cell migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells and immortalized non-tumor colonic epithelial cells compared to DMC from WT mice. Finally, using mass spectrometry, we identified extracellular matrix proteins that are more abundant in DMC from a colorectal cancer mouse model compared to age and sex-matched WT mice. We propose that these abundantly expressed proteins in the tumor microenvironment are potentially involved in colorectal cancer progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Decellularized matrices, when properly produced, are attractive biomaterials for tissue regeneration and replacement. We show here that the mouse decellularized matrices can also be repurposed to elucidate how the extracellular matrix influences human cell behavior and cancer progression. To do this we produce decellularized matrices, from mice colonic tissue, that have preserved tissue mechanical and structural properties. We demonstrate that the matrix better supports the differentiation of HT-29 cells, a colonic cancer cell line, compared to Matrigel™. Additionally, we show that the extracellular matrix contributes to colon cancer progression via invasion assays using extracellular matrix extracts. Finally, we use mass spectrometry to identify ECM proteins that are more abundant in colonic polyps compared to adjacent tissue regions. This model system may have therapeutic implications for colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Busola R Alabi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Ryan LaRanger
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Palechor-Ceron N, Krawczyk E, Dakic A, Simic V, Yuan H, Blancato J, Wang W, Hubbard F, Zheng YL, Dan H, Strome S, Cullen K, Davidson B, Deeken JF, Choudhury S, Ahn PH, Agarwal S, Zhou X, Schlegel R, Furth PA, Pan CX, Liu X. Conditional Reprogramming for Patient-Derived Cancer Models and Next-Generation Living Biobanks. Cells 2019; 8:E1327. [PMID: 31717887 PMCID: PMC6912808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer models including cell lines and animal models have limited applications in both basic and clinical cancer research. Genomics-based precision oncology only help 2-20% patients with solid cancer. Functional diagnostics and patient-derived cancer models are needed for precision cancer biology. In this review, we will summarize applications of conditional cell reprogramming (CR) in cancer research and next generation living biobanks (NGLB). Together with organoids, CR has been cited in two NCI (National Cancer Institute, USA) programs (PDMR: patient-derived cancer model repository; HCMI: human cancer model initiatives. HCMI will be distributed through ATCC). Briefly, the CR method is a simple co-culture technology with a Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, in combination with fibroblast feeder cells, which allows us to rapidly expand both normal and malignant epithelial cells from diverse anatomic sites and mammalian species and does not require transfection with exogenous viral or cellular genes. Establishment of CR cells from both normal and tumor tissue is highly efficient. The robust nature of the technique is exemplified by the ability to produce 2 × 106 cells in five days from a core biopsy of tumor tissue. Normal CR cell cultures retain a normal karyotype and differentiation potential and CR cells derived from tumors retain their tumorigenic phenotype. CR also allows us to enrich cancer cells from urine (for bladder cancer), blood (for prostate cancer), and pleural effusion (for non-small cell lung carcinoma). The ability to produce inexhaustible cell populations using CR technology from small biopsies and cryopreserved specimens has the potential to transform biobanking repositories (NGLB: next-generation living biobank) and current pathology practice by enabling genetic, biochemical, metabolomic, proteomic, and biological assays, including chemosensitivity testing as a functional diagnostics tool for precision cancer medicine. We discussed analyses of patient-derived matched normal and tumor models using a case with tongue squamous cell carcinoma as an example. Last, we summarized applications in cancer research, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine of CR-based NGLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Vera Simic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Jan Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Fleesie Hubbard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Hancai Dan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Scott Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Cullen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Bruce Davidson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - John F. Deeken
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA;
| | - Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Peter H. Ahn
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Xuexun Zhou
- iCryobiol and iFuture Technologies, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Priscilla A. Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Berical A, Lee RE, Randell SH, Hawkins F. Challenges Facing Airway Epithelial Cell-Based Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30800069 PMCID: PMC6376457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the life-limiting hereditary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF). Decreased or absent functional CFTR protein in airway epithelial cells leads to abnormally viscous mucus and impaired mucociliary transport, resulting in bacterial infections and inflammation causing progressive lung damage. There are more than 2000 known variants in the CFTR gene. A subset of CF individuals with specific CFTR mutations qualify for pharmacotherapies of variable efficacy. These drugs, termed CFTR modulators, address key defects in protein folding, trafficking, abundance, and function at the apical cell membrane resulting from specific CFTR mutations. However, some CFTR mutations result in little or no CFTR mRNA or protein expression for which a pharmaceutical strategy is more challenging and remote. One approach to rescue CFTR function in the airway epithelium is to replace cells that carry a mutant CFTR sequence with cells that express a normal copy of the gene. Cell-based therapy theoretically has the potential to serve as a one-time cure for CF lung disease regardless of the causative CFTR mutation. In this review, we explore major challenges and recent progress toward this ambitious goal. The ideal therapeutic cell would: (1) be autologous to avoid the complications of rejection and immune-suppression; (2) be safely modified to express functional CFTR; (3) be expandable ex vivo to generate sufficient cell quantities to restore CFTR function; and (4) have the capacity to engraft, proliferate and persist long-term in recipient airways without complications. Herein, we explore human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as candidate cell therapies for CF and explore the challenges facing their delivery to the human airway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hamilton NJ, Hynds RE, Gowers KH, Tait A, Butler CR, Hopper C, Burns AJ, Birchall MA, Lowdell M, Janes SM. Using a Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix to Deliver Respiratory Progenitor Cells to Decellularized Trachea In Vivo. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:93-102. [PMID: 30648458 PMCID: PMC6389769 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This article describes a method for engrafting epithelial progenitor cells to a revascularized scaffold in a protective and supportive collagen-rich environment. This method has the potential to overcome two key limitations of existing grafting techniques as epithelial cells are protected from mechanical shear and the relatively hypoxic phase that occurs while grafts revascularize, offering the opportunity to provide epithelial cells to decellularized allografts at the point of implantation. Advances in this area will improve the safety and efficacy of bioengineered organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick J.I. Hamilton
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Ear Institute, The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate H.C. Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Tait
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R. Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Hopper
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Burns
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Awatade NT, Wong SL, Hewson CK, Fawcett LK, Kicic A, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Human Primary Epithelial Cell Models: Promising Tools in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Personalized Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1429. [PMID: 30581387 PMCID: PMC6293199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder where individual disease etiology and response to therapeutic intervention is impacted by CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutations and other genetic modifiers. CFTR regulates multiple mechanisms in a diverse range of epithelial tissues. In this Review, we consolidate the latest updates in the development of primary epithelial cellular model systems relevant for CF. We discuss conventional two-dimensional (2-D) airway epithelial cell cultures, the backbone of in vitro cellular models to date, as well as improved expansion protocols to overcome finite supply of the cellular source. We highlight a range of strategies for establishment of three dimensional (3-D) airway and intestinal organoid models and evaluate the limitations and potential improvements in each system, focusing on their application in CF. The in vitro CFTR functional assays in patient-derived organoids allow for preclinical pharmacotherapy screening to identify responsive patients. It is likely that organoids will be an invaluable preclinical tool to unravel disease mechanisms, design novel treatments, and enable clinicians to provide personalized management for patients with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil T. Awatade
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L. Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris K. Hewson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura K. Fawcett
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Centre for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Brand JD, Lazrak A, Trombley JE, Shei RJ, Adewale AT, Tipper JL, Yu Z, Ashtekar AR, Rowe SM, Matalon S, Harrod KS. Influenza-mediated reduction of lung epithelial ion channel activity leads to dysregulated pulmonary fluid homeostasis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123467. [PMID: 30333319 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza (IAV) infection can develop into bronchopneumonia and edema, leading to acquired respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pathophysiology. Underlying causes for pulmonary edema and aberrant fluid regulation largely remain unknown, particularly regarding the role of viral-mediated mechanisms. Herein, we show that distinct IAV strains reduced the functions of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in murine respiratory and alveolar epithelia in vivo, as assessed by measurements of nasal potential differences and single-cell electrophysiology. Reduced ion channel activity was distinctly limited to virally infected cells in vivo and not bystander uninfected lung epithelium. Multiple lines of evidence indicated ENaC and CFTR dysfunction during the acute infection period; however, only CFTR dysfunction persisted beyond the infection period. ENaC, CFTR, and Na,K-ATPase activities and protein levels were also reduced in virally infected human airway epithelial cells. Reduced ENaC and CFTR led to changes in airway surface liquid morphology of human tracheobronchial cultures and airways of IAV-infected mice. Pharmacologic correction of CFTR function ameliorated IAV-induced physiologic changes. These changes are consistent with mucous stasis and pulmonary edema; furthermore, they indicate that repurposing therapeutic interventions correcting CFTR dysfunction may be efficacious for treatment of IAV lung pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Brand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - John E Trombley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, and.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A Timothy Adewale
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Tipper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - Amit R Ashtekar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, and.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Karlgren M, Simoff I, Keiser M, Oswald S, Artursson P. CRISPR-Cas9: A New Addition to the Drug Metabolism and Disposition Tool Box. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1776-1786. [PMID: 30126863 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), i.e., CRISPR-Cas9, has been extensively used as a gene-editing technology during recent years. Unlike earlier technologies for gene editing or gene knockdown, such as zinc finger nucleases and RNA interference, CRISPR-Cas9 is comparably easy to use, affordable, and versatile. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied in studies of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and for ADME model generation. To date, about 50 papers have been published describing in vitro or in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of ADME and ADME-related genes. Twenty of these papers describe gene editing of clinically relevant genes, such as ATP-binding cassette drug transporters and cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes. With CRISPR-Cas9, the ADME tool box has been substantially expanded. This new technology allows us to develop better and more predictive in vitro and in vivo ADME models and map previously underexplored ADME genes and gene families. In this mini-review, we give an overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and summarize recent applications of CRISPR-Cas9 within the ADME field. We also speculate about future applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in ADME research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - I Simoff
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - M Keiser
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - S Oswald
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - P Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Conditionally reprogrammed human normal bronchial epithelial cells express comparable levels of cytochromes p450 and are sensitive to BaP induction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2132-2138. [PMID: 30122317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes p450 (CYPs) metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including toxic compounds and drugs. The primary cells have relative short life span and are not able to sustain levels of metabolic enzymes CYPs expression and activity long enough in vitro. The immortalized cell lines are also not ideal for toxicity testing because of their low levels of CYPs expression. In this study, we established human normal bronchial epithelial cells using conditional reprogramming (CR) technique from three human donors (named as CR-HNBE1-3). These CR cells can proliferate continuously in defined culture system over 50 PDs within 2 months. The CR-HNBE cells exhibited the normal diploid karyotype, normal response to DNA damage and normal differentiation potential under the matrigel 3D culture condition. The CR-HNBE cells express the basal epithelial marker cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and epithelial secretory marker Mucin 5AC. Most importantly, CR-HNBE cells express comparable levels of CYP1B1 and CYP2E1 as those in lung tissue. These CR cells also express comparable mRNA of CYP1A1/CYP1A2, CYP2B6/CYP2C9/CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/CYP3A5 compared to the lung tissue. The basal activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 in these CR cells was 3-6 folds higher than that of 16HBE cells (an immortalized cell line widely used in toxicology field). Our data also demonstrated that Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced up to 100 folds of mRNA expression of CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 in CR-HNBE cells. The activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 was induced by BaP up to 7-8 folds in CR-HNBE cells, while the activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 was induced maximum 2.5 folds in 16HBE cells. Taken together, CR-HNBE cells express comparable levels of CYPs and are sensitive to BaP induction, and will serve a sensitive, physiological and valuable in vitro toxicity testing model. This is the first report that normal human airway cells can be propagated for a long time and maintain comparable levels of CYPs.
Collapse
|