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Koziol-White C, Gebski E, Cao G, Panettieri RA. Precision cut lung slices: an integrated ex vivo model for studying lung physiology, pharmacology, disease pathogenesis and drug discovery. Respir Res 2024; 25:231. [PMID: 38824592 PMCID: PMC11144351 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) have emerged as a sophisticated and physiologically relevant ex vivo model for studying the intricacies of lung diseases, including fibrosis, injury, repair, and host defense mechanisms. This innovative methodology presents a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between traditional in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, offering researchers a more accurate representation of the intricate microenvironment of the lung. PCLS require the precise sectioning of lung tissue to maintain its structural and functional integrity. These thin slices serve as invaluable tools for various research endeavors, particularly in the realm of airway diseases. By providing a controlled microenvironment, precision-cut lung slices empower researchers to dissect and comprehend the multifaceted interactions and responses within lung tissue, thereby advancing our understanding of pulmonary pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Eric Gebski
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gaoyaun Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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MacKenzie B, Mahavadi P, Jannini-Sa YAP, Creyns B, Coelho AL, Espindola M, Ruppert C, Hötzenecker K, Hogaboam C, Guenther A. Pre-clinical proof-of-concept of anti-fibrotic activity of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide LTI-03 in ex vivo precision cut lung slices from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.589970. [PMID: 38712072 PMCID: PMC11071419 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.589970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Rationale: While rodent lung fibrosis models are routinely used to evaluate novel antifibrotics, these models have largely failed to predict clinical efficacy of novel drug candidates for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, single target therapeutic strategies for IPF have failed and current multi-target standard of care drugs are not curative. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is an integral membrane protein, which, via its caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD), interacts with caveolin binding domains (CBD). CAV-1 regulates homeostasis, and its expression is decreased in IPF lungs. LTI-03 is a seven amino acid peptide derived from the CSD and formulated for dry powder inhalation; it was well tolerated in normal volunteers ( NCT04233814 ) and a safety trial is underway in IPF patients ( NCT05954988 ). Objectives: Anti-fibrotic efficacy of LTI-03 and other CSD peptides has been observed in IPF lung monocultures, and rodent pulmonary, dermal, and heart fibrosis models. This study aimed to characterize progressive fibrotic activity in IPF PCLS explants and to evaluate the antifibrotic effects of LTI-03 and nintedanib in this model. Methods: First, CBD regions were identified in IPF signaling proteins using in silico analysis. Then, IPF PCLS (n=8) were characterized by COL1A1 immunostaining, multiplex immunoassays, and bulk RNA sequencing following treatment every 12hrs with LTI-03 at 0.5, 3.0, or 10 μM; nintedanib at 0.1 μM or 1 μM; or control peptide (CP) at 10 μM. Measurements and Main Results: CBDs were present in proteins implicated in IPF, including VEGFR, FGFR and PDGFR. Increased expression of profibrotic mediators indicated active fibrotic activity in IPF PCLS over five days. LTI-03 dose dependently decreased COL1A1 staining, and like nintedanib, decreased profibrotic proteins and transcripts. Unlike nintedanib, LTI-03 did not induce cellular necrosis signals. Conclusion: IPF PCLS explants demonstrate molecular activity indicative of fibrosis during 5 days in culture and LTI-03 broadly attenuated pro-fibrotic proteins and pathways, further supporting the potential therapeutic effectiveness of LTI-03 for IPF.
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Nizamoglu M, Joglekar MM, Almeida CR, Larsson Callerfelt AK, Dupin I, Guenat OT, Henrot P, van Os L, Otero J, Elowsson L, Farre R, Burgess JK. Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230042. [PMID: 37495250 PMCID: PMC10369168 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0042-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases result from alteration and/or destruction of lung tissue, inevitably causing decreased breathing capacity and quality of life for patients. While animal models have paved the way for our understanding of pathobiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for disease management, their translational capacity is limited. There is, therefore, a well-recognised need for innovative in vitro models to reflect chronic lung diseases, which will facilitate mechanism investigation and the advancement of new treatment strategies. In the last decades, lungs have been modelled in healthy and diseased conditions using precision-cut lung slices, organoids, extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels and lung-on-chip systems. These three-dimensional models together provide a wide spectrum of applicability and mimicry of the lung microenvironment. While each system has its own limitations, their advantages over traditional two-dimensional culture systems, or even over animal models, increases the value of in vitro models. Generating new and advanced models with increased translational capacity will not only benefit our understanding of the pathobiology of lung diseases but should also shorten the timelines required for discovery and generation of new therapeutics. This article summarises and provides an outline of the European Respiratory Society research seminar "Innovative 3D models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research", held in Lisbon, Portugal, in April 2022. Current in vitro models developed for recapitulating healthy and diseased lungs are outlined and discussed with respect to the challenges associated with them, efforts to develop best practices for model generation, characterisation and utilisation of models and state-of-the-art translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Mugdha M Joglekar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Henrot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Lisette van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramon Farre
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ptasinski V, Monkley SJ, Öst K, Tammia M, Alsafadi HN, Overed-Sayer C, Hazon P, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Modeling fibrotic alveolar transitional cells with pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar organoids. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201853. [PMID: 37230801 PMCID: PMC10213712 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated injury of the lung epithelium is proposed to be the main driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, available therapies do not specifically target the epithelium and human models of fibrotic epithelial damage with suitability for drug discovery are lacking. We developed a model of the aberrant epithelial reprogramming observed in IPF using alveolar organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells stimulated with a cocktail of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory cytokines. Deconvolution of RNA-seq data of alveolar organoids indicated that the fibrosis cocktail rapidly increased the proportion of transitional cell types including the KRT5 - /KRT17 + aberrant basaloid phenotype recently identified in the lungs of IPF patients. We found that epithelial reprogramming and extracellular matrix (ECM) production persisted after removal of the fibrosis cocktail. We evaluated the effect of the two clinically approved compounds for IPF, nintedanib and pirfenidone, and found that they reduced the expression of ECM and pro-fibrotic mediators but did not completely reverse epithelial reprogramming. Thus, our system recapitulates key aspects of IPF and is a promising system for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susan J Monkley
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Öst
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Tammia
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra Hazon
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Lam M, Lamanna E, Organ L, Donovan C, Bourke JE. Perspectives on precision cut lung slices-powerful tools for investigation of mechanisms and therapeutic targets in lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162889. [PMID: 37261291 PMCID: PMC10228656 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) have emerged as powerful experimental tools for respiratory research. Pioneering studies using mouse PCLS to visualize intrapulmonary airway contractility have been extended to pulmonary arteries and for assessment of novel bronchodilators and vasodilators as therapeutics. Additional disease-relevant outcomes, including inflammatory, fibrotic, and regenerative responses, are now routinely measured in PCLS from multiple species, including humans. This review provides an overview of established and innovative uses of PCLS as an intermediary between cellular and organ-based studies and focuses on opportunities to increase their application to investigate mechanisms and therapeutic targets to oppose excessive airway contraction and fibrosis in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Lamanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, INSERM UMR1222, Paris, France
| | - Louise Organ
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane E. Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Sompel K, Smith AJ, Hauer C, Elango AP, Clamby ET, Keith RL, Tennis MA. Precision Cut Lung Slices as a Preclinical Model for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:247-258. [PMID: 36888650 PMCID: PMC10159904 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer chemoprevention is critical to addressing cancer burden in high-risk populations. Chemoprevention clinical trials rely on data from preclinical models; however, in vivo studies have high financial, technical, and staffing requirements. Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) provide an ex vivo model that maintains the structure and function of native tissues. This model can be used for mechanistic investigations and drug screenings and reduces the number of animals and time required to test hypotheses compared with in vivo studies. We tested the use of PCLS for chemoprevention studies, demonstrating recapitulation of in vivo models. Treatment of PCLS with the PPARγ agonizing chemoprevention agent iloprost produced similar effects on gene expression and downstream signaling as in vivo models. This occurred in both wild-type tissue and Frizzled 9 knockout tissue, a transmembrane receptor required for iloprost's preventive activity. We explored new areas of iloprost mechanisms by measuring immune and inflammation markers in PCLS tissue and media, and immune cell presence with immunofluorescence. To demonstrate the potential for drug screening, we treated PCLS with additional lung cancer chemoprevention agents and confirmed activity markers in culture. PCLS offers an intermediate step for chemoprevention research between in vitro and in vivo models that can facilitate drug screening prior to in vivo studies and support mechanistic studies with more relevant tissue environments and functions than in vitro models. PREVENTION RELEVANCE PCLS could be a new model for premalignancy and chemoprevention research, and this work evaluates the model with tissue from prevention-relevant genetic and carcinogen exposed in vivo mouse models, in addition to evaluating chemoprevention agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Sompel
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Alex J. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Caroline Hauer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Alamelu P. Elango
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Eric T. Clamby
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Robert L. Keith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Meredith A. Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
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7
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Al-Rekabi Z, Dondi C, Faruqui N, Siddiqui NS, Elowsson L, Rissler J, Kåredal M, Mudway I, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Shaw M. Uncovering the cytotoxic effects of air pollution with multi-modal imaging of in vitro respiratory models. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221426. [PMID: 37063998 PMCID: PMC10090883 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Annually, an estimated seven million deaths are linked to exposure to airborne pollutants. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence supporting clear associations between poor air quality and a range of short- and long-term health effects, there are considerable gaps in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which pollutant exposure induces adverse biological responses at the cellular and tissue levels. The development of more complex, predictive, in vitro respiratory models, including two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, spheroids, organoids and tissue cultures, along with more realistic aerosol exposure systems, offers new opportunities to investigate the cytotoxic effects of airborne particulates under controlled laboratory conditions. Parallel advances in high-resolution microscopy have resulted in a range of in vitro imaging tools capable of visualizing and analysing biological systems across unprecedented scales of length, time and complexity. This article considers state-of-the-art in vitro respiratory models and aerosol exposure systems and how they can be interrogated using high-resolution microscopy techniques to investigate cell-pollutant interactions, from the uptake and trafficking of particles to structural and functional modification of subcellular organelles and cells. These data can provide a mechanistic basis from which to advance our understanding of the health effects of airborne particulate pollution and develop improved mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Camilla Dondi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nilofar Faruqui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nazia S. Siddiqui
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Shaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
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Weiss DJ. What is the need and why is it time for innovative models for understanding lung repair and regeneration? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130074. [PMID: 36860303 PMCID: PMC9968746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering continue at a rapid pace and have provided novel methodologies and insights into normal cell and tissue homeostasis, disease pathogenesis, and new potential therapeutic strategies. The evolution of new techniques has particularly invigorated the field and span a range from novel organ and organoid technologies to increasingly sophisticated imaging modalities. This is particularly relevant for the field of lung biology and diseases as many lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic fibrosis (IPF), among others, remain incurable with significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in lung regenerative medicine and engineering also offer new potential avenues for critical illnesses such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which also continue to have significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, an overview of lung regenerative medicine with focus on current status of both structural and functional repair will be presented. This will serve as a platform for surveying innovative models and techniques for study, highlighting the need and timeliness for these approaches.
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Patel VS, Amin K, Wahab A, Marimoutou M, Ukishima L, Alvarez J, Battle K, Stucki AO, Clippinger AJ, Behrsing HP. Cryopreserved human precision-cut lung slices provide an immune competent pulmonary test system for "on-demand" use and long-term cultures. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:253-265. [PMID: 36617185 PMCID: PMC9936202 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS), considered a highly relevant ex vivo model of the lung, offer native architecture and cells of the lung tissue including respiratory parenchyma, small airways, and immune competent cells. However, the irregular availability of donor lungs has limited the accessibility of this system. As described here, thousands of hPCLS can be created from 1 lung, cryopreserved, and used "on demand" by applying slicing and cryopreservation methodology improvements. Fresh and cryopreserved (∼7 and ∼34 weeks; F&C) hPCLS from 1 donor lung were cultured for up to 29 days and evaluated for biomass, viability, tissue integrity, and inflammatory markers in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 µg/ml) and Triton X-100 (TX100; 0.1%) challenge (24 h) at days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 following culture initiation. The F&C hPCLS retained biomass, viability, and tissue integrity throughout the 29 days and demonstrated immune responsiveness with up to ∼30-fold LPS-induced cytokine increases. Histologically, more than 70% of normal cytomorphological features were preserved in all groups through day 29. Similar retention of tissue viability and immune responsiveness post cryopreservation (4-6 weeks) and culture (up to 14 days) was observed in hPCLS from additional 3 donor lungs. Banking cryopreserved hPCLS from various donors (and disease states) provides a critical element in researching human-derived pulmonary tissue. The retention of viability and functional responsiveness (≥4 weeks) allows evaluation of long-term, complex endpoints reflecting key events in Adverse Outcome Pathways and positions hPCLS as a valuable human-relevant model for use in regulatory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Patel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., 30 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 100, Gaithersburg, MD 20878. E-mail:
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Adam Wahab
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Méry Marimoutou
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Lindsey Ukishima
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Jose Alvarez
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Kelley Battle
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Andreas O Stucki
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart 70499, Germany
| | - Amy J Clippinger
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart 70499, Germany
| | - Holger P Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
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Lapizco-Encinas BH, Zhang YV. Microfluidic systems in clinical diagnosis. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:217-245. [PMID: 35977346 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic devices is highly attractive in the field of biomedical and clinical assessments, as their portability and fast response time have become crucial in providing opportune therapeutic treatments to patients. The applications of microfluidics in clinical diagnosis and point-of-care devices are continuously growing. The present review article discusses three main fields where miniaturized devices are successfully employed in clinical applications. The quantification of ions, sugars, and small metabolites is examined considering the analysis of bodily fluids samples and the quantification of this type of analytes employing real-time wearable devices. The discussion covers the level of maturity that the devices have reached as well as cost-effectiveness. The analysis of proteins with clinical relevance is presented and organized by the function of the proteins. The last section covers devices that can perform single-cell metabolomic and proteomic assessments. Each section discusses several strategically selected recent reports on microfluidic devices successfully employed for clinical assessments, to provide the reader with a wide overview of the plethora of novel systems and microdevices developed in the last 5 years. In each section, the novel aspects and main contributions of each reviewed report are highlighted. Finally, the conclusions and future outlook section present a summary and speculate on the future direction of the field of miniaturized devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yan Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Precision-Cut Tumor Slices (PCTS) as an Ex Vivo Model in Immunotherapy Research. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020026. [PMID: 35466279 PMCID: PMC9036232 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) have recently emerged as important ex vivo human tumor models, offering the opportunity to study individual patient responses to targeted immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, an outline of different human tumor models available in laboratory settings is provided, with a focus on the unique characteristics of PCTS. Standard PCTS generation and maintenance procedures are outlined, followed by an in-depth overview of PCTS utilization in preclinical research aiming to better understand the unique functional characteristics of cytotoxic T cells within human tumors. Furthermore, recent studies using PCTS as an ex vivo model for predicting patient responses to immunotherapies and other targeted therapies against solid tumors are thoroughly presented. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the PCTS models are discussed. PCTS are expected to gain momentum and be fully utilized as a significant tool towards better patient stratification and personalized medicine.
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Tigges J, Eggerbauer F, Worek F, Thiermann H, Rauen U, Wille T. Optimization of long-term cold storage of rat precision-cut lung slices with a tissue preservation solution. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1023-L1035. [PMID: 34643087 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00076.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are used as ex vivo model of the lung to fill the gap between in vitro and in vivo experiments. To allow optimal utilization of PCLS, possibilities to prolong slice viability via cold storage using optimized storage solutions were evaluated. Rat PCLS were cold stored in DMEM/F-12 or two different preservation solutions for up to 28 days at 4°C. After rewarming in DMEM/F-12, metabolic activity, live/dead staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed to analyze overall tissue viability. Single-cell suspensions were prepared and proportions of CD45+, EpCAM+, CD31+, and CD90+ cells were analyzed. As functional parameters, TNF-α expression was analyzed to detect inflammatory activity and bronchoconstriction was evaluated after acetylcholine stimulus. After 14 days of cold storage, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly better preserved after storage in solution 1 (potassium chloride rich) and solution 2 (potassium- and lactobionate-rich analog) compared with DMEM/F-12. Analysis of cell populations revealed efficient preservation of EpCAM+, CD31+, and CD90+ cells. Proportion of CD45+ cells decreased during cold storage but was better preserved by both modified solutions than by DMEM/F-12. PCLS stored in solution 1 responded substantially longer to inflammatory stimulation than those stored in DMEM/F-12 or solution 2. Analysis of bronchoconstriction revealed total loss of function after 14 days of storage in DMEM/F-12 but, in contrast, a good response in PCLS stored in the optimized solutions. An improved base solution with a high potassium chloride concentration optimizes cold storage of PCLS and allows shipment between laboratories and stockpiling of tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Tigges
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eggerbauer
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
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13
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Patel V, Amin K, Allen D, Ukishima L, Wahab A, Grodi C, Behrsing H. Comparison of Long-term Human Precision-cut Lung Slice Culture Methodology and Response to Challenge: An Argument for Standardisation. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 49:209-222. [PMID: 34836458 DOI: 10.1177/02611929211061884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As non-animal alternatives gain acceptance, a need for harmonised testing strategies has emerged. Arguably the most physiologically-relevant model for assessing potential respiratory toxicants, that based on human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) has been utilised in many laboratories, but a variety of culture methodologies are employed. In this pilot study, combinations of three different hPCLS culture methods (dynamic organ roller culture (DOC), air-liquid interface (ALI) and submersion) and various media (based on E-199, DMEM/F12 and RPMI-1640) were compared. The hPCLS were assessed in terms of their viability and responsiveness to challenge. The endpoints selected to compare the medium-method (M-M) combinations, which included histological features and viability, were evaluated at day 14 (D14) and day 28 (D28); protein and adenylate kinase (AK) content, and cytokine response to immunostimulants (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 5 μg/ml; polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) at 15 μg/ml) were evaluated at D28 only. Based on the set of endpoints assessed at D28, it was clear that certain culture conditions significantly affected the hPCLS, with the tissue retaining more of its native features and functionality (in terms of cytokine response) in some of the M-M combinations tested more than others. This pilot study indicates that the use of appropriate M-M combinations can help maintain the health and functional responses of hPCLS, and highlights the need for the standardisation of culture conditions in order to facilitate effective inter-laboratory comparisons and encourage greater acceptance by the regulatory community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Patel
- Respiratory Toxicology, 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Ukishima
- Respiratory Toxicology, 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Adam Wahab
- Respiratory Toxicology, 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chad Grodi
- Respiratory Toxicology, 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Holger Behrsing
- Respiratory Toxicology, 329003Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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14
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Viana F, O'Kane CM, Schroeder GN. Precision-cut lung slices: A powerful ex vivo model to investigate respiratory infectious diseases. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:578-588. [PMID: 34570407 PMCID: PMC9298270 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Most of the research on the underlying disease mechanisms is based on cell culture, organoid, or surrogate animal models. Although these provide important insights, they have limitations. Cell culture models fail to recapitulate cellular interactions in the lung and animal models often do not permit high‐throughput analysis of drugs or pathogen isolates; hence, there is a need for improved, scalable models. Precision‐cut lung slices (PCLS), small, uniform tissue slices generated from animal or human lungs are increasingly recognized and employed as an ex vivo organotypic model. PCLS retain remarkable cellular complexity and the architecture of the lung, providing a platform to investigate respiratory pathogens in a near‐native environment. Here, we review the generation and features of PCLS, their use to investigate the pathogenesis of viral and bacterial pathogens, and highlight their potential to advance respiratory infection research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Viana
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gunnar N Schroeder
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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15
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Khan MM, Poeckel D, Halavatyi A, Zukowska-Kasprzyk J, Stein F, Vappiani J, Sevin DC, Tischer C, Zinn N, Eley JD, Gudmann NS, Muley T, Winter H, Fisher AJ, Nanthakumar CB, Bergamini G, Pepperkok R. An integrated multiomic and quantitative label-free microscopy-based approach to study pro-fibrotic signalling in ex vivo human precision-cut lung slices. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00221-2020. [PMID: 33361096 PMCID: PMC8318569 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00221-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ, resulting in the loss of tissue architecture and function with often life-threatening consequences. Pathologically, fibrosis is characterised by the expansion of connective tissue due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including the fibrillar forms of collagen. A significant limitation for discovering cures for fibrosis is the availability of suitable human models and techniques to quantify mature fibrillar collagen deposition as close as possible to human physiological conditions. Here we have extensively characterised an ex vivo cultured human lung tissue-derived, precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) model using label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) light microscopy to quantify fibrillar collagen deposition and mass spectrometry-based techniques to obtain a proteomic and metabolomic fingerprint of hPCLS in ex vivo culture. We demonstrate that hPCLS are viable and metabolically active, with mesenchymal, epithelial, endothelial and immune cell types surviving for at least 2 weeks in ex vivo culture. Analysis of hPCLS-conditioned supernatants showed a strong induction of pulmonary fibrosis-related ECM proteins upon transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. This upregulation of ECM proteins was not translated into an increased deposition of fibrillar collagen. In support of this observation, we revealed the presence of a pro-ECM degradation activity in our ex vivo cultures of hPCLS, inhibition of which by a metalloproteinase inhibitor resulted in increased collagen deposition in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. Together the data show that an integrated approach of measuring soluble pro-fibrotic markers alongside quantitative SHG-based analysis of fibrillar collagen is a valuable tool for studying pro-fibrotic signalling and testing anti-fibrotic agents. Multiomic and label-free imaging-based characterisation of ex vivo cultured human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) reveals that MMP signalling is a rate-limiting factor necessary for deposition of fibrillar collagen in ECM of hPCLShttps://bit.ly/3rcUa0e
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Majid Khan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Poeckel
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Stein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel C Sevin
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nico Zinn
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Muley
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biobank Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biobank Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Giovanna Bergamini
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany.,G. Bergamini and R. Pepperkok contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany .,Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,G. Bergamini and R. Pepperkok contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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16
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Stegmayr J, Wagner DE. The dawn of the omics era in human precision-cut lung slices. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/1/2100203. [PMID: 34215663 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00203-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Stegmayr
- Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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