1
|
Yang L, Peng Z, Gong F, Yan W, Shi Y, Li H, Zhou C, Yao H, Yuan M, Yu F, Feng L, Wan N, Liu G. TRPC4 aggravates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by promoting pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:141-152. [PMID: 38636714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease that lacks effective treatment options and is characterized by severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction drives the initiation and pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels, a family of Ca2+-permeable channels, play an important role in various diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of TRPCs on PH development have not been fully elucidated. Among the TRPC family members, TRPC4 expression was markedly upregulated in PAECs from hypoxia combined with SU5416 (HySu)-induced PH mice and monocrotaline (MCT)-treated PH rats, as well as in hypoxia-exposed PAECs, suggesting that TRPC4 in PAECs may participate in the occurrence and development of PH. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether TRPC4 in PAECs has an aggravating effect on PH and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. We observed that hypoxia treatment promoted PAEC apoptosis through a caspase-12/endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-dependent pathway. Knockdown of TRPC4 attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis and caspase-3/caspase-12 activity in PAECs. Accordingly, adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 6-mediated pulmonary endothelial TRPC4 silencing (AAV6-Tie-shRNA-TRPC4) or TRPC4 antagonist suppressed PH progression as evidenced by reduced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, PAEC apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mechanistically, unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) suggested that TRPC4 deficiency suppressed the expression of the proapoptotic protein sushi domain containing 2 (Susd2) in hypoxia-exposed mouse PAECs. Moreover, TRPC4 activated hypoxia-induced PAEC apoptosis by promoting Susd2 expression. Therefore, inhibiting TRPC4 ameliorated PAEC apoptosis and hypoxic PH in animals by repressing Susd2 signaling, which may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fanpeng Gong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - WenXin Yan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hanyi Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Menglu Yuan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lantz BJ, Moriwaki M, Oyebamiji OM, Guo Y, Gonzalez Bosc L. Chronic hypoxia disrupts T regulatory cell phenotype contributing to the emergence of exTreg-T H17 cells. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1304732. [PMID: 38347920 PMCID: PMC10859758 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, but the effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) on this balance have yet to be explored. CH-exposed mice have an increased prevalence of TH17 cells in the lungs with no change in Tregs. This imbalance is significant because it precedes the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and TH17 cells are a major contributor to CH-induced PH. While Tregs have been shown to attenuate or prevent the development of certain types of PH through activation and adoptive transfer experiments, why Tregs remain unable to prevent disease progression naturally, specifically in CH-induced PH, remains unclear. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that increased TH17 cells observed following CH are caused by decreased circulating levels of Tregs and switching of Tregs to exTreg-TH17 cells, following CH. We compared gene expression profiles of Tregs from normoxia or 5-day CH splenocytes harvested from Foxp3tm9(EGFP/cre/ERT2)Ayr/J x Ai14-tdTomato mice, which allowed for Treg lineage tracing through the presence or absence of EGFP and/or tdTomato expression. We found Tregs in CH exposed mice contained gene profiles consistent with decreased suppressive ability. We determined cell prevalence and expression of CD25 and OX40, proteins critical for Treg function, in splenocytes from Foxp3tm9(EGFP/cre/ERT2)Ayr/J x Ai14-tdTomato mice under the same conditions. We found TH17 cells to be increased and Tregs to be decreased, following CH, with protein expression of CD25 and OX40 in Tregs matching the gene expression data. Finally, using the lineage tracing ability of this mouse model, we were able to demonstrate the emergence of exTreg-TH17 cells, following CH. These findings suggest that CH causes a decrease in Treg suppressive capacity, and exTregs respond to CH by transitioning to TH17 cells, both of which tilt the Treg-TH17 cell balance toward TH17 cells, creating a pro-inflammatory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Lantz
- Gonzalez Bosc Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mika Moriwaki
- Gonzalez Bosc Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Olufunmilola M. Oyebamiji
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Laura Gonzalez Bosc
- Gonzalez Bosc Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu W, Zhang Q, Qiu Y, Chen H, Huang X, Xiao L, Xu G, Li S, Hu P, Tong X. CDN1163 alleviates SERCA2 dysfunction-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by inhibiting the phenotypic transition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2272062. [PMID: 37899350 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2272062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Substitution of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) causes SERCA2 dysfunction which leads to activated inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) pathway accelerating cell proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) followed by significant pulmonary vascular remodeling resembling human pulmonary hypertension. Based on this knowledge, we intend to investigate other potential mechanisms involved in SERCA2 dysfunction-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice of which half of cysteine in 674 was substituted by serine to mimic the partial irreversible oxidation of C674 were used. The lungs of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type mice were collected for PASMC culture, protein expression, and pulmonary vascular remodeling analysis. RESULTS SERCA2 dysfunction increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, which activated Ca2+-dependent calcineurin (CaN) and promoted the nuclear translocation and protein expression of the nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes 4 (NFAT4) in an IRE1α/XBP1s pathway-independent manner. In SKI PASMCs, the scavenge of intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM or inhibition of CaN by cyclosporin A can prevent PASMC phenotypic transition. CDN1163, a SERCA2 agonist, suppressed the activation of CaN/NFAT4 and IRE1α/XBP1s pathways, reversed the protein expression of PASMC phenotypic transition markers and cell cycle-related proteins, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration when given to SKI PASMCs. Furthermore, CDN1163 ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SERCA2 dysfunction promotes PASMC phenotypic transition and pulmonary vascular remodeling by multiple mechanisms, which could be improved by SERCA2 agonist CDN1163.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Yu
- Institute of Health Biological Chemical Medication, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiang Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pingping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Y, Li D, Shan L. MicroRNA153 induces apoptosis by targeting NFATc3 to improve vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2140810. [PMID: 36373478 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2140810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA153 (miRNA153) on pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS PH was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of sugen5416 (SU5416) combined with hypoxia exposure for 3 weeks (SuHx) in rats, while pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) obtained from rats were exposed to hypoxia to establish an in vitro model. Through observing the characteristic hemodynamic index in rats and by analyzing the physiological function, vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy were identified. The regulatory effects of miRNA153 on the nuclear factor of activated T cell isoform c3 (NFATc3) were measured by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The miRNA153 expression was reduced and unclear translation of NFATc3 was increased in both the in vivo and in vitro models of PH. In vivo, the pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricle/(left ventricle + interventricular septum) (RV/(LV+S)), and media vascular thickness were increased in rats with PH; however, all these parameters were suppressed by prophylactic administration of miRNA153agomir. The upregulation of NFATc3 and downregulation of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 (Kv1.5) were also reversed by transfection with miRNA153agomir. In vitro, miRNA153 increased the level of Kv1.5 in hypoxic PASMCs by targeting NFATc3 and inhibiting their proliferation and apoptosis resistance. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that the therapeutic administration of miRNA153 promotes apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of PASMCs to ameliorate PH, and that the NFATc3/Kv1.5 channel pathway may be involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Human Resources Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang L, Wan N, Gong F, Wang X, Feng L, Liu G. Transcription factors and potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1132060. [PMID: 37009479 PMCID: PMC10064017 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a refractory and fatal disease characterized by excessive pulmonary arterial cell remodeling. Uncontrolled proliferation and hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), dysfunction of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), and abnormal perivascular infiltration of immune cells result in pulmonary arterial remodeling, followed by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary pressure. Although various drugs targeting nitric oxide, endothelin-1 and prostacyclin pathways have been used in clinical settings, the mortality of pulmonary hypertension remains high. Multiple molecular abnormalities have been implicated in pulmonary hypertension, changes in numerous transcription factors have been identified as key regulators in pulmonary hypertension, and a role for pulmonary vascular remodeling has been highlighted. This review consolidates evidence linking transcription factors and their molecular mechanisms, from pulmonary vascular intima PAECs, vascular media PASMCs, and pulmonary arterial adventitia fibroblasts to pulmonary inflammatory cells. These findings will improve the understanding of particularly interactions between transcription factor-mediated cellular signaling pathways and identify novel therapies for pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanpeng Gong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guizhu Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garcia SM, Yellowhair TR, Detweiler ND, Ahmadian R, Herbert LM, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Smooth muscle Acid-sensing ion channel 1a as a therapeutic target to reverse hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:989809. [PMID: 36275633 PMCID: PMC9581175 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.989809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a voltage-independent, non-selective cation channel that conducts both Na+ and Ca2+. Activation of ASIC1a elicits plasma membrane depolarization and stimulates intracellular Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle (SM) and endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies have shown that increases in pulmonary vascular resistance accompanying chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension requires ASIC1a to elicit enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Both SM and EC dysfunction drive these processes; however, the involvement of ASIC1a within these different cell types is unknown. Using the Cre-LoxP system to generate cell-type-specific Asic1a knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that SM-Asic1a contributes to CH-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling, whereas EC-Asic1a opposes the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension. The severity of pulmonary hypertension was not altered in mice with specific deletion of EC-Asic1a (TekCre-Asic1afl/fl). However, similar to global Asic1a knockout (Asic1a−/-) mice, mice with specific deletion of SM-Asic1a (MHCCreER-Asic1afl/fl) were protected from the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension and right heart hypertrophy. Furthermore, pulmonary hypertension was reversed when deletion of SM-Asic1a was initiated in conditional MHCCreER-Asic1afl/fl mice with established pulmonary hypertension. CH-induced vascular remodeling was also significantly attenuated in pulmonary arteries from MHCCreER-Asic1afl/fl mice. These findings were additionally supported by decreased CH-induced proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from Asic1a−/- mice. Together these data demonstrate that SM-, but not EC-Asic1a contributes to CH-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, these studies provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of ASIC1a inhibition to reverse pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan C, Zhang ZY, Lv Y, Wang Z, Jiang K, Li JT. Genome of Laudakia sacra Provides New Insights into High-Altitude Adaptation of Ectotherms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710081. [PMID: 36077479 PMCID: PMC9456099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anan’s rock agama (Laudakia sacra) is a lizard species endemic to the harsh high-altitude environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, a region characterized by low oxygen tension and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying highland adaptation of ectotherms, we assembled a 1.80-Gb L. sacra genome, which contained 284 contigs with an N50 of 20.19 Mb and a BUSCO score of 93.54%. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that mutations in certain genes, including HIF1A, TIE2, and NFAT family members and genes in the respiratory chain, may be common adaptations to hypoxia among high-altitude animals. Compared with lowland reptiles, MLIP showed a convergent mutation in L. sacra and the Tibetan hot-spring snake (Thermophis baileyi), which may affect their hypoxia adaptation. In L. sacra, several genes related to cardiovascular remodeling, erythropoiesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA repair may also be tailored for adaptation to UV radiation and hypoxia. Of note, ERCC6 and MSH2, two genes associated with adaptation to UV radiation in T. baileyi, exhibited L. sacra-specific mutations that may affect peptide function. Thus, this study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms underpinning high-altitude adaptation in ectotherms and reveals certain genetic generalities for animals’ survival on the plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Y.Z.); (J.-T.L.)
| | - Yunyun Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Changdu 854500, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Y.Z.); (J.-T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
An Overview of miRNAs Involved in PASMC Phenotypic Switching in Pulmonary Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5765029. [PMID: 34660794 PMCID: PMC8516547 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5765029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is occult, with no distinctive clinical manifestations and a poor prognosis. Pulmonary vascular remodelling is an important pathological feature in which pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) phenotypic switching plays a crucial role. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily highly conserved single-stranded small noncoding RNAs. An increasing number of studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of PH by regulating PASMCs phenotypic switching, which is expected to be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PH. miRNAs such as miR-221, miR-15b, miR-96, miR-24, miR-23a, miR-9, miR-214, and miR-20a can promote PASMCs phenotypic switching, while such as miR-21, miR-132, miR-449, miR-206, miR-124, miR-30c, miR-140, and the miR-17~92 cluster can inhibit it. The article reviews the research progress on growth factor-related miRNAs and hypoxia-related miRNAs that mediate PASMCs phenotypic switching in PH.
Collapse
|
9
|
Siques P, Pena E, Brito J, El Alam S. Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690341. [PMID: 34434114 PMCID: PMC8381601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude exposure results in hypobaric hypoxia, which affects organisms by activating several mechanisms at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels and triggering the development of several pathologies. One such pathology is high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), which is initiated through hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to distribute blood to more adequately ventilated areas of the lungs. Importantly, all layers of the pulmonary artery (adventitia, smooth muscle, and endothelium) contribute to or are involved in the development of HAPH. However, the principal action sites of HAPH are pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which interact with several extracellular and intracellular molecules and participate in mechanisms leading to proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. This review summarizes the alterations in molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, kinase activation, and other processes that occur in PASMCs during pulmonary hypertension under hypobaric hypoxia and proposes updates to pharmacological treatments to mitigate the pathological changes in PASMCs under such conditions. In general, PASMCs exposed to hypobaric hypoxia undergo oxidative stress mediated by Nox4, inflammation mediated by increases in interleukin-6 levels and inflammatory cell infiltration, and activation of the protein kinase ERK1/2, which lead to the proliferation of PASMCs and contribute to the development of hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Samia El Alam
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The newborn sheep translational model for pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate at high altitude. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 11:452-463. [PMID: 32705972 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia during gestation induces greater occurrence of perinatal complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, fetal hypoxia, newborn asphyxia, and respiratory distress, among others. This condition may also cause a failure in the transition of the fetal to neonatal circulation, inducing pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PAHN), a syndrome that involves pulmonary vascular dysfunction, increased vasoconstrictor tone and pathological remodeling. As this syndrome has a relatively low prevalence in lowlands (~7 per 1000 live births) and very little is known about its prevalence and clinical evolution in highlands (above 2500 meters), our understanding is very limited. Therefore, studies on appropriate animal models have been crucial to comprehend the mechanisms underlying this pathology. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of any animal model of human disease is fundamental to achieve an effective and meaningful translation to clinical practice. The sheep model has been used to study the normal and abnormal cardiovascular development of the fetus and the neonate for almost a century. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances in our knowledge on the programming of cardiopulmonary function with the use of high-altitude newborn sheep as a translational model of PAHN.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shimoda LA. Cellular Pathways Promoting Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Hypoxia. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:222-233. [PMID: 32490752 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and, potentially, right heart failure. Vascular remodeling is an important contributor to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Hyperproliferation of smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix lead to increased wall thickness, extension of muscle into normally non-muscular arterioles, and vascular stiffening. This review highlights intrinsic and extrinsic modulators contributing to the remodeling process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Amniotic Fluid Cell-Free Transcriptome Provides Novel Information about Fetal Development and Placental Cellular Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052612. [PMID: 33807645 PMCID: PMC7961801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amniotic fluid (AF) is a complex biofluid that reflects fetal well-being during development. AF con be divided into two fractions, the supernatant and amniocytes. The supernatant contains cell-free components, including placenta-derived microparticles, protein, cell-free fetal DNA, and cell-free fetal RNA from the fetus. Cell-free mRNA (cfRNA) analysis holds a special position among high-throughput analyses, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, owing to its ease of profiling. The AF cell-free transcriptome differs from the amniocyte transcriptome and alters with the progression of pregnancy and is often associated with the development of various organ systems including the fetal lung, skin, brain, pancreas, adrenal gland, gastrointestinal system, etc. The AF cell-free transcriptome is affected not only by normal physiologies, such as fetal sex, gestational age, and fetal maturity, but also by pathologic mechanisms such as maternal obesity, and genetic syndromes (Down, Edward, Turner, etc.), as well as pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, etc.). cfRNA in the amniotic fluid originates from the placenta and fetal organs directly contacting the amniotic fluid as well as from the fetal plasma across the placenta. The AF transcriptome may reflect the fetal and placental development and therefore aid in the monitoring of normal and abnormal development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mundo W, Wolfson G, Moore LG, Houck JA, Park D, Julian CG. Hypoxia-induced inhibition of mTORC1 activity in the developing lung: a possible mechanism for the developmental programming of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H980-H990. [PMID: 33416457 PMCID: PMC7988757 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00520.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia induces permanent structural and functional changes in the lung and its pulmonary circulation that are associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in later life. The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is vital for fetal lung development and is implicated in hypoxia-associated PH, yet its involvement in the developmental programming of PH remains unclear. Pregnant C57/BL6 dams were placed in hyperbaric (760 mmHg) or hypobaric chambers during gestation (505 mmHg, day 15 through postnatal day 4) or from weaning through adulthood (420 mmHg, postnatal day 21 through 8 wk). Pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were measured at 8 wk. mTOR pathway proteins were assessed in fetal (day 18.5) and adult lung (8 wk). Perinatal hypoxia induced PH during adulthood, even in the absence of a sustained secondary hypoxic exposure, as indicated by reduced pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) and peak flow velocity through the pulmonary valve, as well as greater RVSP, right ventricular (RV) wall thickness, and RV/left ventricular (LV) weight. Such effects were independent of increased blood viscosity. In fetal lung homogenates, hypoxia reduced the expression of critical downstream mTOR targets, most prominently total and phosphorylated translation repressor protein (4EBP1), as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, a central regulator of angiogenesis in the fetal lung. In contrast, adult offspring of hypoxic dams tended to have elevated p4EBP1 compared with controls. Our data suggest that inhibition of mTORC1 activity in the fetal lung as a result of gestational hypoxia may interrupt pulmonary vascular development and thereby contribute to the developmental programming of PH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe the first study to evaluate a role for the mTOR pathway in the developmental programming of pulmonary hypertension. Our findings suggest that gestational hypoxia impairs mTORC1 activation in the fetal lung and may impede pulmonary vascular development, setting the stage for pulmonary vascular disease in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Mundo
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gabriel Wolfson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Do Park
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao M, Wang W, Lu Y, Wang N, Kong D, Shan L. MicroRNA‑153 attenuates hypoxia‑induced excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells by targeting ROCK1 and NFATc3. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:194. [PMID: 33495839 PMCID: PMC7809904 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of microRNA (miR)‑153 on the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in a hypoxic condition by targeting ρ‑associated, coiled‑coil‑containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3). The right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index, medial wall thickness and medial wall area were studied at different time‑points after rats were exposed to hypoxia. Western blot analysis was used to detect ROCK1 and NFATc3 protein levels. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q) PCR was performed to confirm the mRNA levels of miR‑153, ROCK1 and NFATc3 in human (H)PASMCs under hypoxic conditions. Transfected cells were then used to evaluate the effect of miR‑153 on cell proliferation and migration abilities. The association between miR‑153 and ROCK1 or NFATc3 was identified through double luciferase assays. Hypoxia induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension, which resulted from the abnormal proliferation of HPASMCs. ROCK1 and NFATc3 were the target genes of miR‑153 and miR‑153 mimic inhibited the protein expressions of ROCK1 and NFATc3 in HPASMCs and further inhibited cell proliferation and migration under hypoxic conditions. By contrast, the miR‑153 inhibitor promoted the proliferation and migration of HPASMCs. miR‑153 regulated the proliferation and migration of HPASMCs under hypoxia by targeting ROCK1 and NFATc3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Delei Kong
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang D, Zhu ZL, Lin DC, Zheng SY, Chuang KH, Gui LX, Yao RH, Zhu WJ, Sham JSK, Lin MJ. Magnesium Supplementation Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension via Regulation of Magnesium Transporters. Hypertension 2020; 77:617-631. [PMID: 33356397 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by profound vascular remodeling and altered Ca2+ homeostasis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Magnesium ion (Mg2+), a natural Ca2+ antagonist and a cofactor for numerous enzymes, is crucial for regulating diverse cellular functions, but its roles in PH remains unclear. Here, we examined the roles of Mg2+ and its transporters in PH development. Chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline induced significant PH in adult male rats. It was associated with a reduction of [Mg2+]i in PASMCs, a significant increase in gene expressions of Cnnm2, Hip14, Hip14l, Magt1, Mmgt1, Mrs2, Nipa1, Nipa2, Slc41a1, Slc41a2 and Trpm7; upregulation of SLC41A1, SLC41A2, CNNM2, and TRPM7 proteins; and downregulation of SLC41A3 mRNA and protein. Mg2+ supplement attenuated pulmonary arterial pressure, right heart hypertrophy, and medial wall thickening of pulmonary arteries, and reversed the changes in the expression of Mg2+ transporters. Incubation of PASMCs with a high concentration of Mg2+ markedly inhibited PASMC proliferation and migration, and increased apoptosis, whereas a low level of Mg2+ produced the opposite effects. siRNA targeting Slc41a1/2, Cnnm2, and Trpm7 attenuated PASMC proliferation and migration, but promoted apoptosis; and Slc41a3 overexpression also caused similar effects. Moreover, siRNA targeting Slc41a1 or high [Mg2+] incubation inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation and nuclear translocation of NFATc3 in PASMCs. The results, for the first time, provide the supportive evidence that Mg2+ transporters participate in the development of PH by modulating PASMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis; and Mg2+ supplementation attenuates PH through regulation of Mg2+ transporters involving the NFATc3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., K.-H.C., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Li Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., K.-H.C., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Cen Lin
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., K.-H.C., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Zheng
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Han Chuang
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Hui Yao
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., K.-H.C., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., K.-H.C., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - James S K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.S.K.S.)
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- From the Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., K.-H.C., L.-X.G., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (D.W., Z.-L.Z., D.-C.L., K.-H.C., R.-H.Y., W.-J.Z., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sheak JR, Jones DT, Lantz BJ, Maston LD, Vigil D, Resta TC, Resta MM, Howard TA, Kanagy NL, Guo Y, Jankowska-Gan E, Sullivan JA, Braun RK, Burlingham WJ, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFATc3 regulation of collagen V expression contributes to cellular immunity to collagen type V and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L968-L980. [PMID: 32997513 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) results, in part, from T helper-17 (TH17) cell-mediated perivascular inflammation. However, the antigen(s) involved is unknown. Cellular immunity to collagen type V (col V) develops after ischemia-reperfusion injury during lung transplant and is mediated by naturally occurring (n)TH17 cells. Col5a1 gene codifies for the α1-helix of col V, which is normally hidden from the immune system within type I collagen in the extracellular matrix. COL5A1 promoter analysis revealed nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) binding sites. Therefore, we hypothesized that smooth muscle NFATc3 upregulates col V expression, leading to nTH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity to col V in response to CH, representing an upstream mechanism in PH development. To test our hypothesis, we measured indexes of PH in inducible smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific NFATc3 knockout (KO) mice exposed to either CH (380 mmHg) or normoxia and compared them with wild-type (WT) mice. KO mice did not develop PH. In addition, COL5A1 was one of the 1,792 genes differentially affected by both CH and SMC NFATc3 in isolated intrapulmonary arteries, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Cellular immunity to col V was determined using a trans vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assay (Tv-DTH). Tv-DTH response was evident only when splenocytes were used from control mice exposed to CH but not from KO mice, and mediated by nTH17 cells. Our results suggest that SMC NFATc3 is important for CH-induced PH in adult mice, in part, by regulating the expression of the lung self-antigen COL5A1 protein contributing to col V-reactive nTH17-mediated inflammation and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin J Lantz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Levi D Maston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Danielle Vigil
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Micaela M Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Center, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Gan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy A Sullivan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rudolf K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William J Burlingham
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheak JR, Yan S, Weise-Cross L, Ahmadian R, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. PKCβ and reactive oxygen species mediate enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity following chronic hypoxia in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H470-H483. [PMID: 31922892 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00629.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive vasoconstriction are important contributors to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension. On the basis of evidence that PKCβ and mitochondrial oxidative stress are involved in several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that PKCβ and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) signaling contribute to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction in neonatal rats exposed to CH. To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of the PKCβ inhibitor LY-333,531, the ROS scavenger 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (TEMPOL), and the mitochondrial antioxidants mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) and (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) on vasoconstrictor responses in saline-perfused lungs (in situ) or pressurized pulmonary arteries from 2-wk-old control and CH (12-day exposure, 0.5 atm) rats. Lungs from CH rats exhibited greater basal tone and vasoconstrictor sensitivity to 9,11-dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α (U-46619). LY-333,531 and TEMPOL attenuated these effects of CH, while having no effect in lungs from control animals. Basal tone was similarly elevated in isolated pulmonary arteries from neonatal CH rats compared with control rats, which was inhibited by both LY-333,531 and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Additional experiments assessing mitoROS generation with the mitochondria-targeted ROS indicator MitoSOX revealed that a PKCβ-mitochondrial oxidant signaling pathway can be pharmacologically stimulated by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from control neonates. Finally, we found that neonatal CH increased mitochondrially localized PKCβ in pulmonary arteries as assessed by Western blotting of subcellular fractions. We conclude that PKCβ activation leads to mitoROS production in PASMCs from neonatal rats. Furthermore, this signaling axis may account for enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor sensitivity following CH exposure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research demonstrates a novel contribution of PKCβ and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species signaling to increased pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity in chronically hypoxic neonates. The results provide a potential mechanism by which chronic hypoxia increases both basal and agonist-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle tone, which may contribute to neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Simin Yan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rosstin Ahmadian
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xian Z, Choi YH, Zheng M, Jiang J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Li J, Li Y, Li L, Piao H, Yan G. Imperatorin alleviates ROS-mediated airway remodeling by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:898-910. [PMID: 31900049 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1710107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of imperatorin (IMP) in chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, α-SMA, and ROS were detected by ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, and Western blot. In addition, we evaluated the effect of IMP on MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. IMP treatment obviously attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of OVA-induced airway remodeling model. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, VEGF production, α-SMA, and ROS expression. Our study has shown that IMP could regulate the signaling pathways including MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 to release the inflammatory responses. IMP might attenuate airway remodeling by the down-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Xian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Piao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Therapeutic targets and drugs for hyper-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
20
|
Serman Y, Fuentealba RA, Pasten C, Rocco J, Ko BCB, Carrión F, Irarrázabal CE. Emerging new role of NFAT5 in inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to hypoxia in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C31-C38. [PMID: 31067085 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00054.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously described the protective role of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) during hypoxia. Alternatively, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is also induced by hypoxia. Some evidence indicates that NFAT5 is essential for the expression of iNOS in Toll-like receptor-stimulated macrophages and that iNOS inhibition increases NFAT5 expression in renal ischemia-reperfusion. Here we studied potential NFAT5 target genes stimulated by hypoxia in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. We used three types of MEF cells associated with NFAT5 gene: NFAT5 wild type (MEF-NFAT5+/+), NFAT5 knockout (MEF-NFAT5-/-), and NFAT5 dominant-negative (MEF-NFAT5Δ/Δ) cells. MEF cells were exposed to 21% or 1% O2 in a time course curve of 48 h. We found that, in MEF-NFAT5+/+ cells exposed to 1% O2, NFAT5 was upregulated and translocated into the nuclei, and its transactivation domain activity was induced, concomitant with iNOS, aquaporin 1 (AQP-1), and urea transporter 1 (UTA-1) upregulation. Interestingly, in MEF-NFAT5-/- or MEF-NFAT5Δ/Δ cells, the basal levels of iNOS and AQP-1 expression were strongly downregulated, but not for UTA-1. The upregulation of AQP-1, UTA-1, and iNOS by hypoxia was blocked in both NFAT5-mutated cells. The iNOS induction by hypoxia was recovered in MEF-NFAT5-/- MEF cells, when recombinant NFAT5 protein expression was reconstituted, but not in MEF-NFAT5Δ/Δ cells, confirming the dominant-negative effect of MEF-NFAT5Δ/Δ cells. We did not see the rescue effect on AQP-1 expression. This work provides novel and relevant information about the signaling pathway of NFAT5 during responses to oxygen depletion in mammalian cells and suggests that the expression of iNOS induced by hypoxia is dependent on NFAT5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Serman
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes , Santiago , Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes , Santiago , Chile
| | - Consuelo Pasten
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jocelyn Rocco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ben C B Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Programa de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Carlos E Irarrázabal
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes , Santiago , Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Ren W, Wang X, Yu X, Cui L, Li X, Zhang X, Shi B. MicroRNA-150 relieves vascular remodeling and fibrosis in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1740-1749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
22
|
Al-Attar R, Storey KB. Effects of anoxic exposure on the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factors in the stress-tolerant wood frog. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:420-430. [PMID: 30411386 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus (also known as Rana sylvatica), is used for studying natural freeze tolerance. These animals convert 65% to 70% of their total body water into extracellular ice and survive freezing for weeks in winter. Freezing interrupts oxygen delivery to organs; thus, wood frogs limit their ATP usage by depressing their metabolism and redirecting the available energy only to prosurvival processes. Here, we studied the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factor family in response to 24-hour anoxia, and 4-hour aerobic recovery in liver and skeletal muscle. Protein expression levels of NFATc1-c4, calcineurin A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (NFAT regulators), osteopontin, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (targets of NFATc3 and NFATc4, respectively) were measured by immunoblotting, and the DNA-binding activities of NFATc1-c4 were measured by DNA-protein interaction ELISAs. Results show that NFATc4, calcineurin, and ANP protein expression as well as NFATc4 DNA binding increased during anoxia in liver where calcineurin and ANP protein levels and NFATc4 DNA binding remaining high after aerobic recovery. Anoxia caused a significant increase in NFATc3 protein expression but not DNA-binding activity in muscle. Our results show that anoxia can increase NFATc4 transcriptional activity in liver, leading to the increase in expression of cytoprotective genes in the wood frog. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating survival under anoxia/reoxygenation conditions in a naturally stress-tolerant model, such as the wood frog, provides insightful information on the prosurvival regulatory mechanisms involved in combating stress. This information will also further our understanding of metabolic rate depression and answer the question of how frogs tolerate prolonged periods of oxygen deprivation and resume to full function upon recovery without facing any detrimental side effects as other animals would.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Attar
- Institude of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institude of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maston LD, Jones DT, Giermakowska W, Resta TC, Ramiro-Diaz J, Howard TA, Jernigan NL, Herbert L, Maurice AA, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Interleukin-6 trans-signaling contributes to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018780734. [PMID: 29767573 PMCID: PMC6055240 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018780734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleotropic cytokine that signals through the
membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (mIL-6R) to induce anti-inflammatory
(“classic-signaling”) responses. This cytokine also binds to the soluble IL-6R
(sIL-6R) to promote inflammation (“trans-signaling”). mIL-6R expression is
restricted to hepatocytes and immune cells. Activated T cells release sIL-6R
into adjacent tissues to induce trans-signaling. These cellular actions require
the ubiquitously expressed membrane receptor gp130. Reports show that IL-6 is
produced by pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exposed to hypoxia
in culture as well as the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries in mice exposed
to chronic hypoxia (CH), and IL-6 knockout mice are protected from CH-induced
pulmonary hypertension (PH). IL-6 has the potential to contribute to a broad
array of downstream effects, such as cell growth and migration. CH-induced PH is
associated with increased proliferation and migration of PASMCs to previously
non-muscularized vessels of the lung. We tested the hypothesis that IL-6
trans-signaling contributes to CH-induced PH and arterial remodeling. Plasma
levels of sgp130 were significantly decreased in mice exposed to CH (380 mmHg)
for five days compared to normoxic control mice (630 mmHg), while sIL-6R levels
were unchanged. Consistent with our hypothesis, mice that received the IL-6
trans-signaling-specific inhibitor sgp130Fc, a fusion protein of the soluble
extracellular portion of gp130 with the constant portion of the mouse IgG1
antibody, showed attenuation of CH-induced increases in right ventricular
systolic pressure, right ventricular and pulmonary arterial remodeling as
compared to vehicle (saline)-treated control mice. In addition, PASMCs cultured
in the presence of IL-6 and sIL-6R showed enhanced migration but not
proliferation compared to those treated with IL-6 or sIL-6R alone or in the
presence of sgp130Fc. These results indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling
contributes to pulmonary arterial cell migration and CH-induced PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi D Maston
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wieslawa Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Juan Ramiro-Diaz
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lindsay Herbert
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anna A Maurice
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jie Z, Baoqin W, Changan L, Xiangli T, Zegeng L. Qibai Pingfei capsule medicated serum inhibits the proliferation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via the Ca 2+ /calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Protected against Angiotensin II-induced Adventitial Remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6926. [PMID: 28761179 PMCID: PMC5537243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the metabolites of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases derived from arachidonic acid, exert important biological activities in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) hydrolyzes EETs to less biologically active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. However, the effects of sEH inhibition on adventitial remodeling remain inconclusive. In this study, the adventitial remodeling model was established by continuous Ang II infusion for 2 weeks in C57BL/6 J mice, before which sEH inhibitor 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) was administered by gavage. Adventitial remodeling was evaluated by histological analysis, western blot, immunofluorescent staining, calcium imaging, CCK-8 and transwell assay. Results showed that Ang II infusion significantly induced vessel wall thickening, collagen deposition, and overexpression of α-SMA and PCNA in aortic adventitia, respectively. Interestingly, these injuries were attenuated by TPPU administration. Additionally, TPPU pretreatment overtly prevented Ang II-induced primary adventitial fibroblasts activation, characterized by differentiation, proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis via Ca2+-calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling pathway in vitro. In summary, our results suggest that inhibition of sEH could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat adventitial remodeling related disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sheak JR, Weise-Cross L, deKay RJ, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. Enhanced NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation limits increased vasoconstrictor sensitivity in neonatal chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H828-H838. [PMID: 28733445 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00123.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Augmented vasoconstrictor reactivity is thought to play an important role in the development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension. However, whether this response to CH results from pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation is not well understood. We hypothesized that neonatal CH enhances basal tone and pulmonary vasoconstrictor sensitivity by limiting NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) on baseline pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and vasoconstrictor sensitivity to the thromboxane mimetic U-46619 in saline-perfused lungs (in situ) from 2-wk-old control and CH (12-day exposure, 0.5 atm) Sprague-Dawley rats. Basal tone was defined as that reversed by exogenous NO (spermine NONOate). CH neonates displayed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (in vivo) and right ventricular hypertrophy, indicative of pulmonary hypertension. Perfused lungs from CH rats demonstrated greater baseline PVR, basal tone, and U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction compared with control rats in the absence of l-NNA. l-NNA markedly increased baseline PVR and reactivity to U-46619 in lungs from CH neonates, further augmenting vasoconstrictor sensitivity compared with control lungs. Exposure to CH also enhanced NO-dependent vasodilation to arginine vasopressin, pulmonary expression of NOS III [endothelial NOS (eNOS)], and eNOS phosphorylation at activation residue Ser1177 However, CH did not alter lung nitrotyrosine levels, a posttranslational modification reflecting [Formula: see text] scavenging of NO. We conclude that, in contrast to our hypothesis, enhanced basal tone and agonist-induced vasoconstriction after neonatal CH is limited by increased NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation resulting from greater eNOS expression and phosphorylation at activation residue Ser1177NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research is the first to demonstrate enhanced nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation that limits increased vasoconstrictor reactivity in neonatal pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that augmented vasoconstriction in this setting reflects changes in smooth muscle reactivity rather than a reduction in nitric oxide-dependent pulmonary vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ray J deKay
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Q, Qian Z, Wang L. Pri-microRNA-124 rs531564 polymorphism minor allele increases the risk of pulmonary artery hypertension by abnormally enhancing proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1351-1361. [PMID: 28496318 PMCID: PMC5422315 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s99318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) has been reported to be downregulated in the cells exposed to hypoxia, which was confirmed in our study. We then used online microRNA target prediction tools to identify GRB2, SMAD5, and JAG1 as the candidate target genes of miR-124, and we next validated GRB2 as a direct gene by using luciferase reporter system. We also established the regulatory relationship between miR-124 and GRB2 by showing the negative linear relationship between GRB2 and miR-124 expression. Furthermore, we investigated the miR-124 and GRB2 expression levels of different genotypes including CC (n=30), GC (n=18), and GG (n=4), which supported the hypothesis that the presence of minor allele (C) of rs531564 polymorphism compromised the expression of miR-124. Meanwhile, we also conducted real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis to study the expression of GRB2 among different genotypes or pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) treated with miR-124 mimics, GRB2 small interfering RNA, and miR-124 inhibitors, respectively, and found that introduction of miR-124 or GRB2 small interfering RNA could reduce the expression of GRB2 and inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs, while miR-124 upregulated the expression of GRB2 and promoted the proliferation of PASMCs. A total of 412 COPD patients with PAH (n=182) or without PAH (n=230) were recruited in this study, and more individuals carrying at least one minor allele of rs531564 were found in the COPD patients with PAH than in those without PAH (odds ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.91; P=0.166). In conclusion, the presence of rs531564 minor allele may increase the risk of PAH in COPD by reducing miR-124 expression, increasing GRB2 expression, and promoting the proliferation of PASMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjie Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonzalez Bosc LV, Osmond JM, Giermakowska WK, Pace CE, Riggs JL, Jackson-Weaver O, Kanagy NL. NFAT regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase expression in endothelial cells is impaired in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H791-H799. [PMID: 28130342 PMCID: PMC5407154 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00952.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apnea is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and intermittent hypoxia (IH, 20 episodes/h of 5% O2-5% CO2 for 7 h/day) to mimic sleep apnea increases blood pressure and impairs hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced vasodilation in rats. The enzyme that produces H2S, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), is decreased in rat mesenteric artery endothelial cells (EC) following in vivo IH exposure. In silico analysis identified putative nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) binding sites in the CSE promoter. Therefore, we hypothesized that IH exposure reduces Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) activation of calcineurin/NFAT to lower CSE expression and impair vasodilation. In cultured rat aortic EC, inhibiting calcineurin with cyclosporine A reduced CSE mRNA, CSE protein, and luciferase activity driven by a full-length but not a truncated CSE promoter. In male rats exposed to sham or IH conditions for 2 wk, [Ca2+] in EC in small mesenteric arteries from IH rats was lower than in EC from sham rat arteries (Δfura 2 ratio of fluorescence at 340 to 380 nm from Ca2+ free: IH = 0.05 ± 0.02, sham = 0.17 ± 0.03, P < 0.05), and fewer EC were NFATc3 nuclear positive in IH rat arteries than in sham rat arteries (IH = 13 ± 3, sham = 59 ± 11%, P < 0.05). H2S production was also lower in mesenteric tissue from IH rats vs. sham rats. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh) was lower in mesenteric arteries from IH rats than in arteries from sham rats, and inhibiting CSE with β-cyanoalanine diminished ACh-induced vasodilation in arteries from sham but not IH rats but did not affect dilation to the H2S donor NaHS. Thus, IH lowers EC [Ca2+], NFAT activity, CSE expression and activity, and H2S production while inhibiting NFAT activation lowers CSE expression. The observations that IH exposure decreases NFATc3 activation and CSE-dependent vasodilation support a role for NFAT in regulating endothelial H2S production.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study identifies the calcium-regulated transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells as a novel regulator of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). This pathway is basally active in mesenteric artery endothelial cells, but, after exposure to intermittent hypoxia to mimic sleep apnea, nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 nuclear translocation and CSE expression are decreased, concomitant with decreased CSE-dependent vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jessica M Osmond
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Wieslawa K Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carolyn E Pace
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jennifer L Riggs
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maston LD, Jones DT, Giermakowska W, Howard TA, Cannon JL, Wang W, Wei Y, Xuan W, Resta TC, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Central role of T helper 17 cells in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L609-L624. [PMID: 28213473 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00531.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a prominent pathological feature in pulmonary arterial hypertension, as demonstrated by pulmonary vascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, including T and B lymphocytes. However, the contribution of the adaptive immune system is not well characterized in pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic hypoxia. CD4+ T cells are required for initiating and maintaining inflammation, suggesting that these cells could play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that CD4+ T cells, specifically the T helper 17 subset, contribute to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. We compared indices of pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic hypoxia (3 wk) in wild-type mice and recombination-activating gene 1 knockout mice (RAG1-/-, lacking mature T and B cells). Separate sets of mice were adoptively transferred with CD4+, CD8+, or T helper 17 cells before normoxic or chronic hypoxic exposure to evaluate the involvement of specific T cell subsets. RAG1-/- mice had diminished right ventricular systolic pressure and arterial remodeling compared with wild-type mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells restored the hypertensive phenotype in RAG1-/- mice. Interestingly, RAG1-/- mice receiving T helper 17 cells displayed evidence of pulmonary hypertension independent of chronic hypoxia. Supporting our hypothesis, depletion of CD4+ cells or treatment with SR1001, an inhibitor of T helper 17 cell development, prevented increased pressure and remodeling responses to chronic hypoxia. We conclude that T helper 17 cells play a key role in the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi D Maston
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David T Jones
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Wieslawa Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Judy L Cannon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Weimin Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Szema AM, Forsyth E, Ying B, Hamidi SA, Chen JJ, Hwang S, Li JC, Sabatini Dwyer D, Ramiro-Diaz JM, Giermakowska W, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFATc3 and VIP in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170606. [PMID: 28125639 PMCID: PMC5270325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both debilitating lung diseases which can lead to hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor implicated in the etiology of vascular remodeling in hypoxic PH. We have previously shown that mice lacking the ability to generate Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) develop spontaneous PH, pulmonary arterial remodeling and lung inflammation. Inhibition of NFAT attenuated PH in these mice suggesting a connection between NFAT and VIP. To test the hypotheses that: 1) VIP inhibits NFAT isoform c3 (NFATc3) activity in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells; 2) lung NFATc3 activation is associated with disease severity in IPF and COPD patients, and 3) VIP and NFATc3 expression correlate in lung tissue from IPF and COPD patients. NFAT activity was determined in isolated pulmonary arteries from NFAT-luciferase reporter mice. The % of nuclei with NFAT nuclear accumulation was determined in primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) cultures; in lung airway epithelia and smooth muscle and pulmonary endothelia and smooth muscle from IPF and COPD patients; and in PASMC from mouse lung sections by fluorescence microscopy. Both NFAT and VIP mRNA levels were measured in lungs from IPF and COPD patients. Empirical strategies applied to test hypotheses regarding VIP, NFATc3 expression and activity, and disease type and severity. This study shows a significant negative correlation between NFAT isoform c3 protein expression levels in PASMC, activity of NFATc3 in pulmonary endothelial cells, expression and activity of NFATc3 in bronchial epithelial cells and lung function in IPF patients, supporting the concept that NFATc3 is activated in the early stages of IPF. We further show that there is a significant positive correlation between NFATc3 mRNA expression and VIP RNA expression only in lungs from IPF patients. In addition, we found that VIP inhibits NFAT nuclear translocation in primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Early activation of NFATc3 in IPF patients may contribute to disease progression and the increase in VIP expression could be a protective compensatory mechanism.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Szema
- Stony Brook University, Department of Technology and Society, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- The Stony Brook Medicine SUNY at Stony Brook Internal Medicine Residency Program at John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, United States of America
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, and Preventive Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead and Manhasset, NY, United States of America
- Three Village Allergy & Asthma, PLLC, South Setauket, NY, United States of America
- Columbia University Child Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Edward Forsyth
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine M.D. with Scholarly Recognition Program, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Ying
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine M.D. with Scholarly Recognition Program, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Sayyed A. Hamidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center Internal Medicine Residency Program, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - John J. Chen
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Sonya Hwang
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Jonathan C. Li
- Three Village Allergy & Asthma, PLLC, South Setauket, NY, United States of America
| | - Debra Sabatini Dwyer
- Stony Brook University, Department of Technology and Society, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Ramiro-Diaz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Wieslawa Giermakowska
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Laura V. Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pullamsetti SS, Perros F, Chelladurai P, Yuan J, Stenmark K. Transcription factors, transcriptional coregulators, and epigenetic modulation in the control of pulmonary vascular cell phenotype: therapeutic implications for pulmonary hypertension (2015 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2017; 6:448-464. [PMID: 28090287 DOI: 10.1086/688908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Numerous stimuli and pathological conditions facilitate severe vascular remodeling in PH by activation of a complex cascade of signaling pathways involving vascular cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. Multiple signaling cascades modulate the activity of certain sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) and coregulators that are critical for the transcriptional regulation of gene expression that facilitates PH-associated vascular cell phenotypes, as demonstrated by several studies summarized in this review. Past studies have largely focused on the role of the genetic component in the development of PH, while the presence of epigenetic alterations such as microRNAs, DNA methylation, histone levels, and histone deacetylases in PH is now also receiving increasing attention. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure is also recognized to influence gene expression in development or disease states. Therefore, a complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered gene expression in diseased cells is vital for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent technological advances in DNA sequencing will provide a comprehensive improvement in our understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of PH. This review summarizes current concepts in TF and epigenetic control of cell phenotype in pulmonary vascular disease and discusses the current issues and possibilities in employing potential epigenetic or TF-based therapies for achieving complete reversal of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soni S Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Université Paris-Sud; and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR_S) 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jason Yuan
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen R, Yan J, Liu P, Wang Z, Wang C, Zhong W, Xu L. The role of nuclear factor of activated T cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:508-514. [PMID: 28103134 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcription factor about 3 decades ago and was not well studied until the development of immunosuppressant. Numerous studies confirm that calcineurin/NFAT signaling is very important in the development of vasculature and cardiovascular system during embryogenesis and is involved in the development of vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent studies demonstrated that NFAT proteins also regulate immune response and vascular cells in the pulmonary microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss how different NFAT isoforms contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling and potential new therapeutic targets for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Peijing Liu
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei Zhong
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Liangjie Xu
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jernigan NL, Resta TC, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Altered Redox Balance in the Development of Chronic Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:83-103. [PMID: 29047083 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normally, the pulmonary circulation is maintained in a low-pressure, low-resistance state with little resting tone. Pulmonary arteries are thin-walled and rely heavily on pulmonary arterial distension and recruitment for reducing pulmonary vascular resistance when cardiac output is elevated. Under pathophysiological conditions, however, active vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling lead to enhanced pulmonary vascular resistance and subsequent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Chronic hypoxia is a critical pathological factor associated with the development of PH resulting from airway obstruction (COPD, sleep apnea), diffusion impairment (interstitial lung disease), developmental lung abnormalities, or high altitude exposure (World Health Organization [WHO]; Group III). The rise in pulmonary vascular resistance increases right heart afterload causing right ventricular hypertrophy that can ultimately lead to right heart failure in patients with chronic lung disease. PH is typically characterized by diminished paracrine release of vasodilators, antimitogenic factors, and antithrombotic factors (e.g., nitric oxide and protacyclin) and enhanced production of vasoconstrictors and mitogenic factors (e.g., reactive oxygen species and endothelin-1) from the endothelium and lung parenchyma. In addition, phenotypic changes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), including alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis, Ca2+ sensitivity, and activation of transcription factors are thought to play prominent roles in the development of both vasoconstrictor and arterial remodeling components of hypoxia-associated PH. These changes in PASMC function are briefly reviewed in Sect. 1 and the influence of altered reactive oxygen species homeostasis on PASMC function discussed in Sects. 2-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Jernigan
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Di Mise A, Wang YX, Zheng YM. Role of Transcription Factors in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells: An Important Link to Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:13-32. [PMID: 29047078 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, namely a lack of oxygen in the blood, induces pulmonary vasoconstriction and vasoremodeling, which serve as essential pathologic factors leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying molecular mechanisms are uncertain; however, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play an essential role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, vasoremodeling, and PH. Hypoxia causes oxidative damage to DNAs, proteins, and lipids. This damage (oxidative stress) modulates the activity of ion channels and elevates the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i, Ca2+ signaling) of PASMCs. The oxidative stress and increased Ca2+ signaling mutually interact with each other, and synergistically results in a variety of cellular responses. These responses include functional and structural abnormalities of mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus; cell contraction, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, as well as generation of vasoactive substances, inflammatory molecules, and growth factors that mediate the development of PH. A number of studies reveal that various transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, disrupted PAMSC Ca2+ signaling and the development and progress of PH. It is believed that in the pathogenesis of PH, hypoxia facilitates these roles by mediating the expression of multiple genes. Therefore, the identification of specific genes and their transcription factors implicated in PH is necessary for the complete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, this identification may aid in the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Evans AM. Nanojunctions of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Deliver Site- and Function-Specific Calcium Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscles. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:1-47. [PMID: 28212795 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive agents may induce myocyte contraction, dilation, and the switch from a contractile to a migratory-proliferative phenotype(s), which requires changes in gene expression. These processes are directed, in part, by Ca2+ signals, but how different Ca2+ signals are generated to select each function is enigmatic. We have previously proposed that the strategic positioning of Ca2+ pumps and release channels at membrane-membrane junctions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) demarcates cytoplasmic nanodomains, within which site- and function-specific Ca2+ signals arise. This chapter will describe how nanojunctions of the SR may: (1) define cytoplasmic nanospaces about the plasma membrane, mitochondria, contractile myofilaments, lysosomes, and the nucleus; (2) provide for functional segregation by restricting passive diffusion and by coordinating active ion transfer within a given nanospace via resident Ca2+ pumps and release channels; (3) select for contraction, relaxation, and/or changes in gene expression; and (4) facilitate the switch in myocyte phenotype through junctional reorganization. This should serve to highlight the need for further exploration of cellular nanojunctions and the mechanisms by which they operate, that will undoubtedly open up new therapeutic horizons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Evans
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Soudani N, Ghantous CM, Farhat Z, Shebaby WN, Zibara K, Zeidan A. Calcineurin/NFAT Activation-Dependence of Leptin Synthesis and Vascular Growth in Response to Mechanical Stretch. Front Physiol 2016; 7:433. [PMID: 27746739 PMCID: PMC5040753 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Hypertension and obesity are important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. They are both associated with high leptin levels and have been shown to promote vascular hypertrophy, through the RhoA/ROCK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Calcineurin/NFAT activation also induces vascular hypertrophy by upregulating various genes. This study aimed to decipher whether a crosstalk exists between the RhoA/ROCK pathway, Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT pathway, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the process of mechanical stretch-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy and leptin synthesis. Methods and Results: Rat portal vein (RPV) organ culture was used to investigate the effect of mechanical stretch and exogenous leptin (3.1 nM) on VSMC hypertrophy and leptin synthesis. Results showed that stretching the RPV significantly upregulated leptin secretion, mRNA, and protein expression, which were inhibited by the calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10 μM), the selective calcineurin inhibitor FK506 (1 nM), and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (1 μM). The transcription inhibitor actinomycin D (0.1 μM) and the translation inhibitor cycloheximide (1 mM) significantly decreased stretch-induced leptin protein expression. Mechanical stretch or leptin caused an increase in wet weight changes and protein synthesis, considered as hypertrophic markers, while they were inhibited by FK506 (0.1 nM; 1 nM). In addition, stretch or exogenous leptin significantly increased calcineurin activity and MCIP1 expression whereas leptin induced NFAT nuclear translocation in VSMCs. Moreover, in response to stretch or exogenous leptin, the Rho inhibitor C3 exoenzyme (30 ng/mL), the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM), and the actin depolymerization agents Latrunculin B (50 nM) and cytochalasin D (1 μM) reduced calcineurin activation and NFAT nuclear translocation. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by FK506 and C3. Conclusions: Mechanical stretch-induced VSMC hypertrophy and leptin synthesis and secretion are mediated by Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT activation. RhoA/ROCK and ERK1/2 activation are critical for mechanical stretch-induced calcineurin activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Soudani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zein Farhat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim N Shebaby
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gonzalez Bosc LV, Plomaritas DR, Herbert LM, Giermakowska W, Browning C, Jernigan NL. ASIC1-mediated calcium entry stimulates NFATc3 nuclear translocation via PICK1 coupling in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L48-58. [PMID: 27190058 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) Ca(2+) influx through acid-sensing ion channel-1 (ASIC1) and activation of the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor known as nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c3 (NFATc3). Whether Ca(2+) influx through ASIC1 contributes to NFATc3 activation in the pulmonary vasculature is unknown. Furthermore, both ASIC1 and calcineurin have been shown to interact with the scaffolding protein known as protein interacting with C kinase-1 (PICK1). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ASIC1 contributes to NFATc3 nuclear translocation in PASMC in a PICK1-dependent manner. Using both ASIC1 knockout (ASIC1(-/-)) mice and pharmacological inhibition of ASIC1, we demonstrate that ASIC1 contributes to CH-induced (1 wk at 380 mmHg) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced (10(-7) M) Ca(2+) responses and NFATc3 nuclear import in PASMC. The interaction between ASIC1/PICK1/calcineurin was shown using a Duolink in situ Proximity Ligation Assay. Inhibition of PICK1 by using FSC231 abolished ET-1-induced and ionomycin-induced NFATc3 nuclear import, but it did not alter ET-1-mediated Ca(2+) responses, suggesting that PICK1 acts downstream of Ca(2+) influx. The key findings of the present work are that 1) Ca(2+) influx through ASIC1 mediates CH- and ET-1-induced NFATc3 nuclear import and 2) the scaffolding protein PICK1 is necessary for NFATc3 nuclear import. Together, these data provide an essential link between CH-induced ASIC1-mediated Ca(2+) influx and activation of the NFATc3 transcription factor. Identification of this ASIC1/PICK1/NFATc3 signaling complex increases our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the vascular remodeling and increased vascular contractility that are associated with CH-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Danielle R Plomaritas
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lindsay M Herbert
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Wieslawa Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carly Browning
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brozovich FV, Nicholson CJ, Degen CV, Gao YZ, Aggarwal M, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:476-532. [PMID: 27037223 PMCID: PMC4819215 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F V Brozovich
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C V Degen
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - M Aggarwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - K G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The circulation of the lung is unique both in volume and function. For example, it is the only organ with two circulations: the pulmonary circulation, the main function of which is gas exchange, and the bronchial circulation, a systemic vascular supply that provides oxygenated blood to the walls of the conducting airways, pulmonary arteries and veins. The pulmonary circulation accommodates the entire cardiac output, maintaining high blood flow at low intravascular arterial pressure. As compared with the systemic circulation, pulmonary arteries have thinner walls with much less vascular smooth muscle and a relative lack of basal tone. Factors controlling pulmonary blood flow include vascular structure, gravity, mechanical effects of breathing, and the influence of neural and humoral factors. Pulmonary vascular tone is also altered by hypoxia, which causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. If the hypoxic stimulus persists for a prolonged period, contraction is accompanied by remodeling of the vasculature, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, genetic and environmental factors can also confer susceptibility to development of pulmonary hypertension. Under normal conditions, the endothelium forms a tight barrier, actively regulating interstitial fluid homeostasis. Infection and inflammation compromise normal barrier homeostasis, resulting in increased permeability and edema formation. This article focuses on reviewing the basics of the lung circulation (pulmonary and bronchial), normal development and transition at birth and vasoregulation. Mechanisms contributing to pathological conditions in the pulmonary circulation, in particular when barrier function is disrupted and during development of pulmonary hypertension, will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Narin N, Ozyurt A, Sunkak S, Baykan A, Argun M, Pamukcu O, Uzum K. Pulmonary arterial wall thickness in Eisenmenger Syndrome: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1253-61. [PMID: 26110269 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of current study is to investigate echocardiographic pulmonary artery wall thickness (PAWT) association with angiocardiography, echocardiography, and biochemical findings and to demonstrate its predictive role in morbidity of disease. METHOD Nineteen patients with Eisenmenger Syndrome (ES) (13 females; a mean age of 12.0 ± 4.1 [min-max 4-17] years) and 24 (16 females; a mean age of 12.1 ± 4.3 [min-max 3-18 years]) healthy subjects as a control group were included in this prospective, cross-sectional, controlled clinical study between December, 2012 and December, 2013. PAWT were measured at the end of systole at the distal site of pulmonary valves at the parasternal short-axis. PAWT was compared with morbidity criteria of the disease such as functional class, pulmonary vascular resistance. RESULTS PAWT was higher in the patient group (P = 0.005) together with pulmonary arterial diameter (Z-score, P < 0.001), vena cava inferior diameter (P = 0.002), and right ventricular wall thickness (RVWT), while TAPSE was significantly lower (P = 0.002). PAWT was strongly positively correlated to RVWT (r = 0.893, P < 0.001) and moderate negatively correlated to TAPSE (r = 0.597; P < 0.011). CONCLUSION PAWT can be used as an additional parameter with other echocardiographic parameters in the follow-up of Eisenmenger Syndrome in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazmi Narin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ozyurt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sunkak
- Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Baykan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Argun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozge Pamukcu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kazim Uzum
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu YN, Zha WJ, Ma Y, Chen FF, Zhu W, Ge A, Zeng XN, Huang M. Galangin attenuates airway remodelling by inhibiting TGF-β1-mediated ROS generation and MAPK/Akt phosphorylation in asthma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11758. [PMID: 26156213 PMCID: PMC4496730 DOI: 10.1038/srep11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galangin, a natural flavonol, has attracted much attention for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. However, its role in the regulation of airway remodelling in asthma has not been explored. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of galangin on chronic inflammation and airway remodelling and to investigate the underlying mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised mice were administered with galangin 30 min before challenge. Our results showed that severe inflammatory responses and airway remodelling occurred in OVA-induced mice. Treatment with galangin markedly attenuated the leakage of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased the level of OVA-specific IgE in serum. Galangin significantly inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and α-SMA expression. Lowered level of TGF-β1 and suppressed expression of VEGF and MMP-9 were observed in BALF or lung tissue, implying that galangin has an optimal anti-remodelling effect in vivo. Consistently, the TGF-β1-induced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells was reduced by galangin in vitro, which might be due to the alleviation of ROS levels and inhibition of MAPK pathway. Taken together, the present findings highlight a novel role for galangin as a promising anti-remodelling agent in asthma, which likely involves the TGF-β1-ROS-MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang-Jian Zha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang Q, Sun M, Ramchandran R, Raj JU. IGF-1 signaling in neonatal hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension: Role of epigenetic regulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:20-31. [PMID: 25921925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure accompanied by pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased vasomotor tone. Although some biological pathways have been identified in neonatal hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), little is known regarding the role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of PH in neonates. In this study, using a model of hypoxia-induced PH in neonatal mice, we demonstrate that the growth factor insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a potent activator of the AKT signaling pathway, is involved in neonatal PH. After exposure to hypoxia, IGF-1 signaling is activated in pulmonary endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro, and the IGF-1 downstream signal pAKT(S473) is upregulated in lungs of neonatal mice. We found that IGF-1 regulates ET-1 expression in pulmonary endothelial cells and that IGF-1 expression is regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). In addition, there is a differential cytosine methylation site in the IGF-1 promoter region in response to neonatal hypoxia. Moreover, inhibition of HDACs with apicidin decreases neonatal hypoxia-induced global DNA methylation levels in lungs and specific cytosine methylation levels around the pulmonary IGF-1 promoter region. Finally, HDAC inhibition with apicidin reduces chronic hypoxia-induced activation of IGF-1/pAKT signaling in lungs and attenuates right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Taken together, we conclude that IGF-1, which is epigenetically regulated, is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in neonatal mice. This study implicates a novel HDAC/IGF-1 epigenetic pathway in the regulation of hypoxia-induced PH and warrants further study of the role of IGF-1 in neonatal pulmonary hypertensive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Miranda Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Children's Hospital of the University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma JS, Sasai M, Ohshima J, Lee Y, Bando H, Takeda K, Yamamoto M. Selective and strain-specific NFAT4 activation by the Toxoplasma gondii polymorphic dense granule protein GRA6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2013-32. [PMID: 25225460 PMCID: PMC4172224 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ma et al. show that the Toxoplasma gondii polymorphic dense granule protein GRA6 triggers the activation of the host transcription factor NFAT4, thus affecting the host immune response and maximizing parasite virulence. Toxoplasma gondii infection results in co-option and subversion of host cellular signaling pathways. This process involves discharge of T. gondii effector molecules from parasite secretory organelles such as rhoptries and dense granules. We report that the T. gondii polymorphic dense granule protein GRA6 regulates activation of the host transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 (NFAT4). GRA6 overexpression robustly and selectively activated NFAT4 via calcium modulating ligand (CAMLG). Infection with wild-type (WT) but not GRA6-deficient parasites induced NFAT4 activation. Moreover, GRA6-deficient parasites failed to exhibit full virulence in local infection, and the treatment of WT mice with an NFAT inhibitor mitigated virulence of WT parasites. Notably, NFAT4-deficient mice displayed prolonged survival, decreased recruitment of CD11b+ Ly6G+ cells to the site of infection, and impaired expression of chemokines such as Cxcl2 and Ccl2. In addition, infection with type I parasites culminated in significantly higher NFAT4 activation than type II parasites due to a polymorphism in the C terminus of GRA6. Collectively, our data suggest that GRA6-dependent NFAT4 activation is required for T. gondii manipulation of host immune responses to maximize the parasite virulence in a strain-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Su Ma
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Ohshima
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youngae Lee
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hironori Bando
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Massingham LJ, Johnson KL, Scholl TM, Slonim DK, Wick HC, Bianchi DW. Amniotic fluid RNA gene expression profiling provides insights into the phenotype of Turner syndrome. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1075-82. [PMID: 24850140 PMCID: PMC4384642 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Turner syndrome is a sex chromosome aneuploidy with characteristic malformations. Amniotic fluid, a complex biological material, could contribute to the understanding of Turner syndrome pathogenesis. In this pilot study, global gene expression analysis of cell-free RNA in amniotic fluid supernatant was utilized to identify specific genes/organ systems that may play a role in Turner syndrome pathophysiology. Cell-free RNA from amniotic fluid of five mid-trimester Turner syndrome fetuses and five euploid female fetuses matched for gestational age was extracted, amplified, and hybridized onto Affymetrix(®) U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Significantly differentially regulated genes were identified using paired t tests. Biological interpretation was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and BioGPS gene expression atlas. There were 470 statistically significantly differentially expressed genes identified. They were widely distributed across the genome. XIST was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.0001); SHOX was not differentially expressed. One of the most highly represented organ systems was the hematologic/immune system, distinguishing the Turner syndrome transcriptome from other aneuploidies we previously studied. Manual curation of the differentially expressed gene list identified genes of possible pathologic significance, including NFATC3, IGFBP5, and LDLR. Transcriptomic differences in the amniotic fluid of Turner syndrome fetuses are due to genome-wide dysregulation. The hematologic/immune system differences may play a role in early-onset autoimmune dysfunction. Other genes identified with possible pathologic significance are associated with cardiac and skeletal systems, which are known to be affected in females with Turner syndrome. The discovery-driven approach described here may be useful in elucidating novel mechanisms of disease in Turner syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Massingham
- Mother Infant Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Thomas M. Scholl
- Integrated Genetics, Esoterix Genetic Laboratories, LLC, a subsidiary of Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, Westborough, MA
| | - Donna K. Slonim
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Dept. of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford MA
| | | | - Diana W. Bianchi
- Mother Infant Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramiro-Diaz JM, Giermakowska W, Weaver JM, Jernigan NL, Gonzalez Bosc LV. Mechanisms of NFATc3 activation by increased superoxide and reduced hydrogen peroxide in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C928-38. [PMID: 25163518 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00244.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated increased superoxide (O2(·-)) and decreased H2O2 levels in pulmonary arteries of chronic hypoxia-exposed wild-type and normoxic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout mice. We also showed that this reciprocal change in O2(·-) and H2O2 is associated with elevated activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform c3 (NFATc3) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). This suggests that an imbalance in reactive oxygen species levels is required for NFATc3 activation. However, how such imbalance activates NFATc3 is unknown. This study evaluated the importance of O2(·-) and H2O2 in the regulation of NFATc3 activity. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in O2(·-) enhances actin cytoskeleton dynamics and a decrease in H2O2 enhances intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, contributing to NFATc3 nuclear import and activation in PASMC. We demonstrate that, in PASMC, endothelin-1 increases O2(·-) while decreasing H2O2 production through the decrease in SOD1 activity without affecting SOD protein levels. We further demonstrate that O2(·-) promotes, while H2O2 inhibits, NFATc3 activation in PASMC. Additionally, increased O2(·-)-to-H2O2 ratio activates NFATc3, even in the absence of a Gq protein-coupled receptor agonist. Furthermore, O2(·-)-dependent actin polymerization and low intracellular H2O2 concentration-dependent increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration contribute to NFATc3 activation. Together, these studies define important and novel regulatory mechanisms of NFATc3 activation in PASMC by reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ramiro-Diaz
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Wieslawa Giermakowska
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - John M Weaver
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ran Y, Wu H, Wei L, Yu X, Chen J, Li S, Zhang L, Lou J, Zhu D. NFATc3 pathway participates in the process that 15-LO/15-HETE protects pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells against apoptosis during hypoxia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:270-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.917322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
48
|
Papamatheakis DG, Blood AB, Kim JH, Wilson SM. Antenatal hypoxia and pulmonary vascular function and remodeling. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 11:616-40. [PMID: 24063380 DOI: 10.2174/1570161111311050006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review provides evidence that antenatal hypoxia, which represents a significant and worldwide problem, causes prenatal programming of the lung. A general overview of lung development is provided along with some background regarding transcriptional and signaling systems of the lung. The review illustrates that antenatal hypoxic stress can induce a continuum of responses depending on the species examined. Fetuses and newborns of certain species and specific human populations are well acclimated to antenatal hypoxia. However, antenatal hypoxia causes pulmonary vascular disease in fetuses and newborns of most mammalian species and humans. Disease can range from mild pulmonary hypertension, to severe vascular remodeling and dangerous elevations in pressure. The timing, length, and magnitude of the intrauterine hypoxic stress are important to disease development, however there is also a genetic-environmental relationship that is not yet completely understood. Determining the origins of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension and their associated effects is a challenging task, but is necessary in order to develop targeted therapies for pulmonary hypertension in the newborn due to antenatal hypoxia that can both treat the symptoms and curtail or reverse disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes G Papamatheakis
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, 92350 CA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li L, Howell K, Sands M, Banahan M, Frohlich S, Rowan SC, Neary R, Ryan D, McLoughlin P. The α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 are required to maintain normal pulmonary vascular resistance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80637. [PMID: 24349008 PMCID: PMC3857174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension associated with structural alterations in pulmonary vessels and sustained vasoconstriction. The transcriptional mechanisms responsible for these distinctive changes are unclear. We have previously reported that CREB1 is activated in the lung in response to alveolar hypoxia but not in other organs. To directly investigate the role of α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance we examined the responses of mice in which these isoforms of CREB1 had been inactivated by gene mutation, leaving only the β isoform intact (CREB(αΔ) mice). Here we report that expression of CREB regulated genes was altered in the lungs of CREB(αΔ) mice. CREB(αΔ) mice had greater pulmonary vascular resistance than wild types, both basally in normoxia and following exposure to hypoxic conditions for three weeks. There was no difference in rho kinase mediated vasoconstriction between CREB(αΔ) and wild type mice. Stereological analysis of pulmonary vascular structure showed characteristic wall thickening and lumen reduction in hypoxic wild-type mice, with similar changes observed in CREB(αΔ). CREB(αΔ) mice had larger lungs with reduced epithelial surface density suggesting increased pulmonary compliance. These findings show that α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 regulate homeostatic gene expression in the lung and that normal activity of these isoforms is essential to maintain low pulmonary vascular resistance in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and to maintain the normal alveolar structure. Interventions that enhance the actions of α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 warrant further investigation in hypoxic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine Howell
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Sands
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Banahan
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Frohlich
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon C. Rowan
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisín Neary
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal Ryan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul McLoughlin
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aggarwal S, Gross CM, Sharma S, Fineman JR, Black SM. Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:1011-34. [PMID: 23897679 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is a complex multifactorial process that involves the remodeling of pulmonary arteries. This remodeling process encompasses concentric medial thickening of small arterioles, neomuscularization of previously nonmuscular capillary-like vessels, and structural wall changes in larger pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arterial muscularization is characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. In addition, in uncontrolled pulmonary hypertension, the clonal expansion of apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells leads to the formation of plexiform lesions. Based upon a large number of studies in animal models, the three major stimuli that drive the vascular remodeling process are inflammation, shear stress, and hypoxia. Although, the precise mechanisms by which these stimuli impair pulmonary vascular function and structure are unknown, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage appears to play an important role. ROS are highly reactive due to their unpaired valence shell electron. Oxidative damage occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the quenching capacity of the antioxidant mechanisms of the cell. ROS can be produced from complexes in the cell membrane (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase), cellular organelles (peroxisomes and mitochondria), and in the cytoplasm (xanthine oxidase). Furthermore, low levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and L-arginine the rate limiting cofactor and substrate for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), can cause the uncoupling of eNOS, resulting in decreased NO production and increased ROS production. This review will focus on the ROS generation systems, scavenger antioxidants, and oxidative stress associated alterations in vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|