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MacNeil IA, Khan SA, Sen A, Soltani SM, Burns DJ, Sullivan BF, Laing LG. Functional signaling test identifies HER2 negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from c-Met and pan-HER combination therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 34998412 PMCID: PMC8742957 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research is revealing the complex coordination between cell signaling systems as they adapt to genetic and epigenetic changes. Tools to uncover these highly complex functional linkages will play an important role in advancing more efficacious disease treatments. Current tumor cell signal transduction research is identifying coordination between receptor types, receptor families, and transduction pathways to maintain tumor cell viability despite challenging tumor microenvironment conditions. Methods In this report, coactivated abnormal levels of signaling activity for c-Met and HER family receptors in live tumor cells were measured by a new clinical test to identify a subpopulation of breast cancer patients that could be responsive to combined targeted therapies. The CELsignia Multi-Pathway Signaling Function (CELsignia) Test uses an impedance biosensor to quantify an individual patient’s ex vivo live tumor cell signaling response in real-time to specific HER family and c-Met co-stimulation and targeted therapies. Results The test identified breast tumors with hyperactive HER1, HER2, HER3/4, and c-Met coordinated signaling that express otherwise normal amounts of these receptors. The supporting data of the pre-clinical verification of this test included analyses of 79 breast cancer patients’ cell response to HER and c-Met agonists. The signaling results were confirmed using clinically approved matching targeted drugs, and combinations of targeted drugs in addition to correlative mouse xenograft tumor response to HER and c-Met targeted therapies. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated the potential benefit of a functional test for identifying a subpopulation of breast cancer patients with coordinated abnormal HER and c-Met signaling for a clinical trial testing combination targeted therapy. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00798-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A MacNeil
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Salmaan A Khan
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Adrish Sen
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Sajjad M Soltani
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - David J Burns
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Brian F Sullivan
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Lance G Laing
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA.
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2
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Targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway: stromal remodelling in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76722-76739. [PMID: 29100344 PMCID: PMC5652738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-tumor interactions in pancreatic cancer (PC) impact on treatment outcomes. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) produce the collagenous stroma of PC and interact with cancer cells to facilitate disease progression. A candidate growth factor pathway that may mediate this interaction is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway. HGF is produced by PSCs and its receptor c-MET is expressed on pancreatic cancer cells. We studied the effects on PC progression of inhibiting the HGF/c-MET pathway in the presence and absence of a representative chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine. Using an orthotopic model of PC we have shown that “triple therapy” (inhibition of both HGF and c-MET combined with gemcitabine) resulted in the greatest reduction in tumor volume compared to each of the treatments alone or in dual combinations. Importantly, metastasis was virtually eliminated in mice receiving triple therapy. Our in vivo findings were supported by in vitro studies showing that the increase in cancer cell proliferation and migration in response to PSC secretions was significantly inhibited by the triple regimen. Our studies suggest that a combined approach, that targets tumor cells by chemotherapy while inhibiting specific pathways that mediate stromal-tumor interactions, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in PC.
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An D, Hao F, Zhang F, Kong W, Chun J, Xu X, Cui MZ. CD14 is a key mediator of both lysophosphatidic acid and lipopolysaccharide induction of foam cell formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14391-14400. [PMID: 28705936 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays an important role in foam cell formation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We report here that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages. Our data revealed that both LPA and LPS highly induce the CD14 expression at messenger RNA and protein levels in macrophages. The role of CD14, one component of the LPS receptor cluster, in LPA-induced biological functions has been unknown. We took several steps to examine the role of CD14 in LPA signaling pathways. Knockdown of CD14 expression nearly completely blocked LPA/LPS-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages, demonstrating for the first time that CD14 is a key mediator responsible for both LPA- and LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. To determine the molecular mechanism mediating CD14 function, we demonstrated that both LPA and LPS significantly induce the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SR-AI), which has been implicated in lipid uptake process, and depletion of CD14 levels blocked LPA/LPS-induced SR-AI expression. We further showed that the SR-AI-specific antibody, which quenches SR-AI function, blocked LPA- and LPS-induced foam cell formation. Thus, SR-AI is the downstream mediator of CD14 in regulating LPA-, LPS-, and LPA/LPS-induced foam cell formation. Taken together, our results provide the first experimental evidence that CD14 is a novel connecting molecule linking both LPA and LPS pathways and is a key mediator responsible for LPA/LPS-induced foam cell formation. The LPA/LPS-CD14-SR-AI nexus might be the new convergent pathway, contributing to the worsening of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.,College of Life Sciences and
| | - Feng Hao
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.,Science and Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, and
| | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
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4
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Liu FH, Li SS, Li XX, Wang S, Li MG, Guan L, Luan TG, Liu ZG, Liu ZJ, Yang PC. Vitamin D3 induces vitamin D receptor and HDAC11 binding to relieve the promoter of the tight junction proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58781-58789. [PMID: 28938596 PMCID: PMC5601692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and vitamin D (VitD)-deficiency play a critical role in a large number of diseases. The histone deacetylases (HDAC) are associated with a large number of immune diseases. This study tests a hypothesis that the interaction between VitD and HDAC is associated with the regulation of epithelial barrier functions. In this study, human intestinal epithelial cell line, T84 cells, was cultured into monolayers to be used as a model to test the epithelial barrier functions. We observed that in a VitD-deficient environment, the T84 monolayer barrier function was compromised. Exposure to calcitriol (the active form of VitD3) in the culture increased the expression of VitD receptor (VDR) in T84 cells. In a VitD-sufficient environment, VDR formed a complex with histone deacetylase-11 (HDAC11); the complex was markedly decreased in a VitD-deficient environment. We also observed that significantly more binding of HDAC11 to the promoter of the tight junction proteins inhibit the gene transcription activities of these loci in the VitD-deficient environment, which were abolished by the presence of calcitriol in the culture. In conclusion, the interaction between VDR and HDAC11 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Liu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Mao-Gang Li
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li Guan
- Affiliated Luohu Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Tian-Gang Luan
- Affiliated Luohu Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhan-Ju Liu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
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5
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Zhang J, Babic A. Regulation of the MET oncogene: molecular mechanisms. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:345-55. [PMID: 26905592 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET oncogene is a predictive biomarker and an attractive therapeutic target for various cancers. Its expression is regulated at multiple layers via various mechanisms. It is subject to epigenetic modifications, i.e. DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Hypomethylation and acetylation of the MET gene have been associated with its high expression in some cancers. Multiple transcription factors including Sp1 and Ets-1 govern its transcription. After its transcription, METmRNA is spliced into multiple species in the nucleus before being transported to the cytoplasm where its translation is modulated by at least 30 microRNAs and translation initiation factors, e.g. eIF4E and eIF4B. METmRNA produces a single chain pro-Met protein of 170 kDa which is cleaved into α and β chains. These two chains are bound together through disulfide bonds to form a heterodimer which undergoes either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus before it is properly localized in the membrane. Upon interactions with its ligand, i.e. hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the activity of Met kinase is boosted through various phosphorylation mechanisms and the Met signal is relayed to downstream pathways. The phosphorylated Met is then internalized for subsequent degradation or recycle via proteasome, lysosome or endosome pathways. Moreover, the Met expression is subject to autoregulation and activation by other EGFRs and G-protein coupled receptors. Since deregulation of the MET gene leads to cancer and other pathological conditions, a better understanding of the MET regulation is critical for Met-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Zhang
- Research and Development, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., a Member of the Roche Group, Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Andy Babic
- Research and Development, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., a Member of the Roche Group, Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
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6
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Nan L, Wei J, Jacko AM, Culley MK, Zhao J, Natarajan V, Ma H, Zhao Y. Cross-talk between lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 and tropomyosin receptor kinase A promotes lung epithelial cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:229-35. [PMID: 26597701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. LPA exerts its biological effects mainly through binding to cell-surface LPA receptors (LPA1-6), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Recent studies suggest that cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and GPCRs modulates GPCRs-mediated signaling. Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) is a RTK, which mediates nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced biological functions including cell migration in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Here, we show LPA1 transactivation of TrkA in murine lung epithelial cells (MLE12). LPA induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Down-regulation of LPA1 by siRNA transfection attenuated LPA-induced phosphorylation of TrkA, suggesting a cross-talk between LPA1 and TrkA. To investigate the molecular regulation of the cross-talk, we focused on the interaction between LPA1 and TrkA. We found that LPA induced interaction between LPA1 and TrkA. The LPA1/TrkA complex was localized on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. The C-terminus of LPA1 was identified as the binding site for TrkA. Inhibition of TrkA attenuated LPA-induced phosphorylation of TrkA and LPA1 internalization, as well as lung epithelial cell migration. These studies provide a molecular mechanism for the transactivation of TrkA by LPA, and suggest that the cross-talk between LPA1 and TrkA regulates LPA-induced receptor internalization and lung epithelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Nan
- Department of Anesthesia, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anastasia M Jacko
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Miranda K Culley
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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7
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Czikora I, Sridhar S, Gorshkov B, Alieva IB, Kasa A, Gonzales J, Potapenko O, Umapathy NS, Pillich H, Rick FG, Block NL, Verin AD, Chakraborty T, Matthay MA, Schally AV, Lucas R. Protective effect of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone agonist in bacterial toxin-induced pulmonary barrier dysfunction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:259. [PMID: 25076911 PMCID: PMC4097355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Antibiotic treatment of patients infected with G(-) or G(+) bacteria promotes release of the toxins lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pneumolysin (PLY) in their lungs. Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone (GHRH) agonist JI-34 protects human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-MVEC), expressing splice variant 1 (SV-1) of the receptor, from PLY-induced barrier dysfunction. We investigated whether JI-34 also blunts LPS-induced hyperpermeability. Since GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) signaling can potentially stimulate both cAMP-dependent barrier-protective pathways as well as barrier-disruptive protein kinase C pathways, we studied their interaction in GHRH agonist-treated HL-MVEC, in the presence of PLY, by means of siRNA-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) depletion. METHODS Barrier function measurements were done in HL-MVEC monolayers using Electrical Cell substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) and VE-cadherin expression by Western blotting. Capillary leak was assessed by Evans Blue dye (EBD) incorporation. Cytokine generation in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by multiplex analysis. PKA and PKC-α activity were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS GHRH agonist JI-34 significantly blunts LPS-induced barrier dysfunction, at least in part by preserving VE-cadherin expression, while not affecting inflammation. In addition to activating PKA, GHRH agonist also increases PKC-α activity in PLY-treated HL-MVEC. Treatment with PLY significantly decreases resistance in control siRNA-treated HL-MVEC, but does so even more in PKA-depleted monolayers. Pretreatment with GHRH agonist blunts PLY-induced permeability in control siRNA-treated HL-MVEC, but fails to improve barrier function in PKA-depleted PLY-treated monolayers. CONCLUSIONS GHRH signaling in HL-MVEC protects from both LPS and PLY-mediated endothelial barrier dysfunction and concurrently induces a barrier-protective PKA-mediated and a barrier-disruptive PKC-α-induced pathway in the presence of PLY, the former of which dominates the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Czikora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Boris Gorshkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Irina B Alieva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA ; Department of Electron Microscopy, A.N. Belozorksy Institute, Moscow State University Moscow, Russia
| | - Anita Kasa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Olena Potapenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nagavedi S Umapathy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Helena Pillich
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Ferenc G Rick
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL, USA ; Department of Urology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami, FL, USA
| | - Norman L Block
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL, USA ; Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA ; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA ; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL, USA ; Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA ; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA ; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA ; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University Augusta, GA, USA
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8
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Bustos ML, Huleihel L, Kapetanaki MG, Lino-Cardenas CL, Mroz L, Ellis BM, McVerry BJ, Richards TJ, Kaminski N, Cerdenes N, Mora AL, Rojas M. Aging mesenchymal stem cells fail to protect because of impaired migration and antiinflammatory response. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:787-98. [PMID: 24559482 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201306-1043oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aging is characterized by functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond appropriately to environmental stimuli and injury. With age, there is an increase in the incidence and severity of chronic and acute lung diseases. However, the relationship between age and the lung's reduced ability to repair is far from established and necessitates further research in the field. OBJECTIVES Little is currently known about age-related phenomena in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). On account of their ability to protect the endothelium and the alveolar epithelium through multiple paracrine mechanisms, we looked for adverse effects that aging might cause in MSC biology. Such age-related changes might partly account for the increased susceptibility of the aging lung to injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrated that old mice have more inflammation in response to acute lung injury. To investigate the causes, we compared the global gene expression of aged and young bone marrow-derived MSCs (B-MSCs). Our results revealed that the expression levels of inflammatory response genes depended on the age of the B-MSCs. We demonstrated that the age-dependent decrease in expression of several cytokine and chemokine receptors is important for the migration and activation of B-MSCs. Finally, we showed by adoptive transfer of aged B-MSCs to young endotoxemic mice that aged cells lacked the antiinflammatory protective effect of their young counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the decreased expression of cytokine and chemokine receptors in aged B-MSCs compromises their protective role by perturbing the potential of B-MSCs to become activated and mobilize to the site of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Bustos
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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Clay CC, Maniar-Hew K, Gerriets JE, Wang TT, Postlethwait EM, Evans MJ, Fontaine JH, Miller LA. Early life ozone exposure results in dysregulated innate immune function and altered microRNA expression in airway epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90401. [PMID: 24594710 PMCID: PMC3942419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ozone has been associated with increased incidence of respiratory morbidity in humans; however the mechanism(s) behind the enhancement of susceptibility are unclear. We have previously reported that exposure to episodic ozone during postnatal development results in an attenuated peripheral blood cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that persists with maturity. As the lung is closely interfaced with the external environment, we hypothesized that the conducting airway epithelium of neonates may also be a target of immunomodulation by ozone. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated primary airway epithelial cell cultures derived from juvenile rhesus macaque monkeys with a prior history of episodic postnatal ozone exposure. Innate immune function was measured by expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in primary cultures established following in vivo LPS challenge or, in response to in vitro LPS treatment. Postnatal ozone exposure resulted in significantly attenuated IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in primary cultures from juvenile animals; IL-8 mRNA was also significantly reduced. The effect of antecedent ozone exposure was modulated by in vivo LPS challenge, as primary cultures exhibited enhanced cytokine expression upon secondary in vitro LPS treatment. Assessment of potential IL-6-targeting microRNAs miR-149, miR-202, and miR-410 showed differential expression in primary cultures based upon animal exposure history. Functional assays revealed that miR-149 is capable of binding to the IL-6 3' UTR and decreasing IL-6 protein synthesis in airway epithelial cell lines. Cumulatively, our findings suggest that episodic ozone during early life contributes to the molecular programming of airway epithelium, such that memory from prior exposures is retained in the form of a dysregulated IL-6 and IL-8 response to LPS; differentially expressed microRNAs such as miR-149 may play a role in the persistent modulation of the epithelial innate immune response towards microbes in the mature lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C. Clay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kinjal Maniar-Hew
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joan E. Gerriets
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Theodore T. Wang
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Postlethwait
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Evans
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Justin H. Fontaine
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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10
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Magkrioti C, Aidinis V. Autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid signalling in lung pathophysiology. World J Respirol 2013; 3:77-103. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v3.i3.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX or ENPP2) is a secreted glycoprotein widely present in biological fluids. ATX primarily functions as a plasma lysophospholipase D and is largely responsible for the bulk of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production in the plasma and at inflamed and/or malignant sites. LPA is a phospholipid mediator produced in various conditions both in cells and in biological fluids, and it evokes growth-factor-like responses, including cell growth, survival, differentiation and motility, in almost all cell types. The large variety of LPA effector functions is attributed to at least six G-protein coupled LPA receptors (LPARs) with overlapping specificities and widespread distribution. Increased ATX/LPA/LPAR levels have been detected in a large variety of cancers and transformed cell lines, as well as in non-malignant inflamed tissues, suggesting a possible involvement of ATX in chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. In this review, we focus exclusively on the role of the ATX/LPA axis in pulmonary pathophysiology, analysing the effects of ATX/LPA on pulmonary cells and leukocytes in vitro and in the context of pulmonary pathophysiological situations in vivo and in human diseases.
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11
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Hou L, Zhao MM, Sun BM, Xing HJ. Expression of c-Met protein in gastrointestinal tumors: Recent research progress. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3230-3235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i30.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between HGF/c-Met and many human cancers. The activation and overexpression of HGF/c-Met can cause the growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, and digestive system tumors. Since c-Met plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumors, targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway has become a hotspot for anti-cancer research. Currently, there have been many reports about c-Met expression in digestive tumors. In this paper we try to elaborate the latest progress in research related to c-Met expression in digestive tumors, with an aim to help clinicians gain a systematic understanding of this issue.
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Gareau MG, Barrett KE. Fluid and electrolyte secretion in the inflamed gut: novel targets for treatment of inflammation-induced diarrhea. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:895-9. [PMID: 24054811 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diarrheal disease can occur in the context of both inflammatory and infectious challenges. Inflammation can result in changes in ion transporter expression or simply mislocalization of the protein. In addition to development of diarrhea, an altered secretory state can lead to changes in mucus secretion and luminal pH. Bacterial infection can lead to subversion of host cell signaling, leading to transporter mislocalization and hyposecretion, promoting bacterial colonization. Novel therapeutic strategies are currently being developed to ameliorate transporter defects in the setting of inflammation or bacterial infection including, for example, administration of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review will highlight recent findings in the literature detailing these aspects of ion transport in the inflamed gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie G Gareau
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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