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Flanary SM, Peak KE, Barocas VH. A Graphical Approach to Visualize and Interpret Biochemically Coupled Biomechanical Models. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:054504. [PMID: 38421368 PMCID: PMC11005857 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has seen the emergence of progressively more complex mechanobiological models, often coupling biochemical and biomechanical components. The complexity of these models makes interpretation difficult, and although computational tools can solve model equations, there is considerable potential value in a simple method to explore the interplay between different model components. Pump and system performance curves, long utilized in centrifugal pump selection and design, inspire the development of a graphical technique to depict visually the performance of biochemically-coupled mechanical models. Our approach is based on a biochemical performance curve (analogous to the classical pump curve) and a biomechanical performance curve (analogous to the system curve). Upon construction of the two curves, their intersection, or lack thereof, describes the coupled model's equilibrium state(s). One can also observe graphically how an applied perturbation shifts one or both curves, and thus how the other component will respond, without rerunning the full model. While the upfront cost of generating the performance curve graphic varies with the efficiency of the model components, the easily interpretable visual depiction of what would otherwise be nonintuitive model behavior is valuable. Herein, we outline how performance curves can be constructed and interpreted for biochemically-coupled biomechanical models and apply the technique to two independent models in the cardiovascular space. The performance curve approach can illustrate and help identify weaknesses in model construction, inform user-applied perturbations and fitting procedures to generate intended behaviors, and improve the efficiency of the model generation and application process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Flanary
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kara E. Peak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- University of Minnesota
| | - Victor H. Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E. Interplay of Angiotensin Peptides, Vasopressin, and Insulin in the Heart: Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Altered Interactions in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1310. [PMID: 38279313 PMCID: PMC10816525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review draws attention to the specific role of angiotensin peptides [angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)], vasopressin (AVP), and insulin in the regulation of the coronary blood flow and cardiac contractions. The interactions of angiotensin peptides, AVP, and insulin in the heart and in the brain are also discussed. The intracardiac production and the supply of angiotensin peptides and AVP from the systemic circulation enable their easy access to the coronary vessels and the cardiomyocytes. Coronary vessels and cardiomyocytes are furnished with AT1 receptors, AT2 receptors, Ang (1-7) receptors, vasopressin V1 receptors, and insulin receptor substrates. The presence of some of these molecules in the same cells creates good conditions for their interaction at the signaling level. The broad spectrum of actions allows for the engagement of angiotensin peptides, AVP, and insulin in the regulation of the most vital cardiac processes, including (1) cardiac tissue oxygenation, energy production, and metabolism; (2) the generation of the other cardiovascular compounds, such as nitric oxide, bradykinin (Bk), and endothelin; and (3) the regulation of cardiac work by the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular neurons of the brain. Multiple experimental studies and clinical observations show that the interactions of Ang II, Ang(1-7), AVP, and insulin in the heart and in the brain are markedly altered during heart failure, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, especially when these diseases coexist. A survey of the literature presented in the review provides evidence for the belief that very individualized treatment, including interactions of angiotensins and vasopressin with insulin, should be applied in patients suffering from both the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Yoshida K, Saucerman JJ, Holmes JW. Multiscale model of heart growth during pregnancy: integrating mechanical and hormonal signaling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:1267-1283. [PMID: 35668305 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy stands at the interface of mechanics and biology. The growing fetus continuously loads the maternal organs as circulating hormone levels surge, leading to significant changes in mechanical and hormonal cues during pregnancy. In response, maternal soft tissues undergo remarkable growth and remodeling to support the mother and baby for a healthy pregnancy. We focus on the maternal left ventricle, which increases its cardiac output and mass during pregnancy. This study develops a multiscale cardiac growth model for pregnancy to understand how mechanical and hormonal cues interact to drive this growth process. We coupled a cell signaling network model that predicts cell-level hypertrophy in response to hormones and stretch to a compartmental model of the rat heart and circulation that predicts organ-level growth in response to hemodynamic changes. We calibrated this multiscale model to data from experimental volume overload and hormonal infusions of angiotensin 2 (AngII), estrogen (E2), and progesterone (P4). We then validated the model's ability to capture interactions between inputs by comparing model predictions against published observations for the combinations of VO + E2 and AngII + E2. Finally, we simulated pregnancy-induced changes in hormones and hemodynamics to predict heart growth during pregnancy. Our model produced growth consistent with experimental data. Overall, our analysis suggests that the rise in P4 during the first half of gestation is an important contributor to heart growth during pregnancy. We conclude with suggestions for future experimental studies that will provide a better understanding of how hormonal and mechanical cues interact to drive pregnancy-induced heart growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Zhang Y, Ye L, Duan DD, Yang H, Ma T. TMEM16A Plays an Insignificant Role in Myocardium Remodeling but May Promote Angiogenesis of Heart During Pressure-overload. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897619. [PMID: 35711304 PMCID: PMC9194855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) occurs with an increase in myocardium mass as an adaptive compensation to increased stress. Prolonged CH causes decompensated heart failure (HF). Enhanced angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is observed in hypertrophied hearts; impaired angiogenesis by angiotensin II (AngII) is observed in failing hearts. Angiogenesis is executed by vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis is a hallmark feature of hypertrophied and failing hearts. Ca2+-activated chloride channel transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) is expressed in cardiomyocytes and ECs but its role in heart under stress remains unknown. Methods: Pressure-overload-induced CH and HF mouse models were established. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac parameters. Quantitative real-time PCR, traditional and simple western assays were used to quantify molecular expression. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were used to detect TMEM16A current (ITMEM16A) and action potential duration (APD) of cardiomyocytes. VEGF and AngII were used separately in ECs culture to simulate enhanced or impaired angiogenesis, respectively. TMEM16A low-expressed and over-expressed ECs were obtained by siRNA or lentivirus transfection. Wound healing, tube formation and ECs spheroids sprouting assays were performed to assess migration and angiogenesis. Results: Neither TMEM16A molecular expression levels nor whole-cell ITMEM16A density varied significantly during the development of CH and HF. ITMEM16A comprises transient outward current, but doesn’t account for APD prolongation in hypertrophied or failing cardiomyocytes. In cultured ECs, TMEM16A knockdown inhibited migration and angiogenesis, TMEM16A overexpression showed opposite result. Promotion of migration and angiogenesis by VEGF was decreased in TMEM16A low-expressed ECs but was increased in TMEM16A over-expressed ECs. Inhibition of migration and angiogenesis by AngII was enhanced in TMEM16A low-expressed ECs but was attenuated in TMEM16A over-expressed ECs. Conclusion: TMEM16A contributes insignificantly in myocardium remodeling during pressure-overload. TMEM16A is a positive regulator of migration and angiogenesis under normal condition or simulated stress. TMEM16A may become a new target for upregulation of angiogenesis in ischemic disorders like ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingyu Ye
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Hong Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Yoshida Y, Shimizu I, Minamino T. Capillaries as a Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:971-988. [PMID: 35370224 PMCID: PMC9252615 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of heart failure remains poor, and it is urgent to find new therapies for this critical condition. Oxygen and metabolites are delivered through capillaries; therefore, they have critical roles in the maintenance of cardiac function. With aging or age-related disorders, capillary density is reduced in the heart, and the mechanisms involved in these processes were reported to suppress capillarization in this organ. Studies with rodents showed capillary rarefaction has causal roles for promoting pathologies in failing hearts. Drugs used as first-line therapies for heart failure were also shown to enhance the capillary network in the heart. Recently, the approach with senolysis is attracting enthusiasm in aging research. Genetic or pharmacological approaches concluded that the specific depletion of senescent cells, senolysis, led to reverse aging phenotype. Reagents mediating senolysis are described to be senolytics, and these compounds were shown to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction together with enhancement of capillarization in heart failure models. Studies indicate maintenance of the capillary network as critical for inhibition of pathologies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMEDCREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Combination of Exercise Training and SOD Mimetic Tempol Enhances Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:2142740. [PMID: 33145105 PMCID: PMC7596428 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exercise training (Ex) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic tempol have antihypertensive and renal protective effects in rodent models of several hypertensions. We recently reported that Ex increases nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression levels of endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (eNOS and nNOS) in the kidney and aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY). We also found that endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) upregulates the expression levels of eNOS and nNOS in SHR. To elucidate the mechanism of the Ex-upregulated NO system in the kidney, we examined the additive effect of Ex and tempol on the renal NO system in SHR and WKY. Our data showed that, in SHR, both Ex and tempol increase the levels of H2O2 and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) in plasma and urine. We also observed an increased renal NOS activity and upregulated expression levels of eNOS and nNOS with decreased NADPH oxidase activity. The effects of the combination of Ex and tempol on these variables were cumulate in SHR. On the other hand, we found that Ex increases these variables with increased renal NADPH oxidase activity, but tempol did not change these variables or affect the Ex-induced upregulation in the activity and expression of NOS in WKY. The SOD activity in the kidney and aorta was activated by tempol only in SHR, but not in WKY; whereas Ex increased SOD activity only in the aorta in both SHR and WKY. These results indicate that Ex-induced endogenous H2O2 produced in the blood vessel and other organs outside of the kidney may be carried to the kidney by blood flow and stimulates the NO system in the kidney.
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Exercise training delays renal disorders with decreasing oxidative stress and increasing production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1336-1346. [PMID: 32205560 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise training has antihypertensive and renoprotective effects in humans and rats. However, the effects of exercise training on renal disorders that occur with salt-sensitive hypertension remains unclear. The study aim was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of exercise training on renal function in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS Six-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were divided into normal-salt (0.6% NaCl) diet, high-salt (8% NaCl) diet, and high-salt diet with exercise training groups. The high-salt diet with exercise training group underwent daily treadmill running for 8 weeks. RESULTS The high-salt diet induced severe hypertension and renal dysfunction. Exercise training significantly improved high-salt diet-induced urinary protein, albumin, and L-type fatty acid-binding protein excretion, and glomerulosclerosis but not renal interstitial fibrosis without changing blood pressure. Exercise training significantly attenuated high-salt diet-induced oxidative stress in the kidneys and decreased high-salt diet-stimulated xanthine oxidoreductase activity but not nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity. The high-salt diet did not change urinary excretion of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and decreased cytochrome P450 4A protein expression in the kidneys. Exercise training increased urinary 20-hydoroxyeicosatetraenoic acid excretion and renal cytochrome P450 4A protein expression. CONCLUSION Exercise training improved renal disorders without lowering blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Exercise training also decreased oxidative stress and increased 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production in the kidneys. These results suggest that improvements in oxidative stress and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production may be potential mechanisms by which exercise training improved renal disorders in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
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Wei T, Huang G, Gao J, Huang C, Sun M, Wu J, Bu J, Shen W. Sirtuin 3 Deficiency Accelerates Hypertensive Cardiac Remodeling by Impairing Angiogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006114. [PMID: 28862956 PMCID: PMC5586452 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that impaired angiogenesis may contribute to hypertension‐induced cardiac remodeling. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has the potential to modulate angiogenesis, but this has not been confirmed. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SIRT3‐mediated angiogenesis and cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results Our experiments were performed on SIRT3 knockout and age‐matched wild‐type mice infused with angiotensin II (1400 ng/kg per minute) or saline for 14 days. After angiotensin II infusion, SIRT3 knockout mice developed more severe microvascular rarefaction and functional hypoxia in cardiac tissues compared with wild‐type mice. These events were concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced collagen I and collagen III expression, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Silencing SIRT3 facilitated angiotensin II–induced aberrant Pink/Parkin acetylation and impaired mitophagy, while excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation limited angiogenic capacity in primary mouse cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, SIRT3 overexpression in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells enhanced Pink/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, attenuated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, and restored vessel sprouting and tube formation. In parallel, endothelial cell–specific SIRT3 transgenic mice showed decreased fibrosis, as well as improved cardiac function and microvascular network, compared with wild‐type mice with similar stimuli. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that SIRT3 could promote angiogenesis through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction caused by defective mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaojian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of State General Administration of Sport, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Bu
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guan AL, He T, Shao YB, Chi YF, Dai HY, Wang Y, Xu L, Yang X, Ding HM, Cai SL. Role of Jagged1-Hey1 Signal in Angiotensin II-induced Impairment of Myocardial Angiogenesis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:328-333. [PMID: 28139517 PMCID: PMC5308016 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.198928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major contributor to the development of heart failure. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this process remain elusive. Inadequate angiogenesis in the myocardium leads to a transition from cardiac hypertrophy to dysfunction, and our previous study showed that Ang II significantly impaired the angiogenesis response. The current study was designed to examine the role of Jagged1-Notch signaling in the effect of Ang II during impaired angiogenesis and cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Ang II was subcutaneously infused into 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 200 ng·kg-1·min-1 for 2 weeks using Alzet micro-osmotic pumps. N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase inhibitor, was injected subcutaneously during Ang II infusion at a dose of 10.0 mg·kg-1·d-1. Forty mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): control group; Ang II group, treated with Ang II; DAPT group, treated with DAPT; and Ang II + DAPT group, treated with both Ang II and DAPT. At the end of experiments, myocardial (left ventricle [LV]) tissue from each experimental group was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by the least significant difference method or independent samples t-test. RESULTS Ang II treatment significantly induced cardiac hypertrophy and impaired the angiogenesis response compared to controls, as shown by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry for CD31, a vascular marker (P < 0.05 for both). Meanwhile, Jagged1 protein was significantly increased, but gene expression for both Jag1 and Hey1 was decreased in the LV following Ang II treatment, compared to that in controls (relative ratio for Jag1 gene: 0.45 ± 0.13 vs. 0.84 ± 0.15; relative ratio for Hey1 gene: 0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 0.91 ± 0.09; P < 0.05). All these cellular and molecular effects induced by Ang II in the hearts of mice were reduced by DAPT treatment. Interestingly, Ang II stimulated Hey1, a known Notch target, but did not affect the expression of Hey2, another Notch target gene. CONCLUSIONS A Jagged1-Hey1 signal might mediate the impairment of angiogenesis induced by Ang II during cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Li Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yi-Bing Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Hong-Yan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Hua-Min Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shang-Lang Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266005, China
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Hartner A, Jagusch L, Cordasic N, Amann K, Veelken R, Jacobi J, Hilgers KF. Impaired Neovascularization and Reduced Capillary Supply in the Malignant vs. Non-malignant Course of Experimental Renovascular Hypertension. Front Physiol 2016; 7:370. [PMID: 27625610 PMCID: PMC5003830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant hypertension develops in some cases of hypertension but not in others. We hypothesized that an impaired neovascularization and a reduced capillary supply characterizes the malignant course of experimental hypertension. Two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension was induced in rats; controls (sham) were sham operated. To distinguish malignant hypertension from non-malignant hypertension, we considered two factors: weight loss, and the number of typical vascular lesions (onion skin lesions and fibrinoid necroses) per kidney section of the nonclipped kidney. Animals in the upper half for both criteria were defined as malignant hypertensives. After 5 weeks, mean arterial blood pressure was elevated to the same degree in malignant hypertension and non-malignant hypertension whereas plasma renin and aldosterone were significantly higher in malignant hypertensives. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was elevated (up to 14-fold) in non-malignant but significantly more increased (up to 36-fold) in malignant hypertensive rats, compared to sham. As a bioassay for neovascularization, the area of granulation tissue ingrowth in polyvinyl discs (implanted subcutaneously) was reduced in malignant hypertension compared to non-malignant hypertension and sham, while there was no difference between non-malignant hypertension and sham. The number of renal and left ventricular capillaries was significantly lower in malignant hypertension compared to non-malignant hypertension, as was the number of proliferating endothelial cells. We conclude that an impaired neovascularization and capillarization occurs in malignant renovascular hypertension but not in the non-malignant course of the disease despite comparable blood pressure levels. This might contribute to the unique vascular lesions and progressive target organ damage observed in malignant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Jagusch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Jacobi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
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Waring CD, Henning BJ, Smith AJ, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D, Ellison GM. Cardiac adaptations from 4 weeks of intensity-controlled vigorous exercise are lost after a similar period of detraining. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12302. [PMID: 25713328 PMCID: PMC4393210 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensity-controlled (relative to VO2max) treadmill exercise training in adult rats results in the activation and ensuing differentiation of endogenous c-kitpos cardiac stem/progenitor cells (eCSCs) into newly formed cardiomyocytes and capillaries. Whether these training-induced adaptations persist following detraining is undetermined. Twelve male Wistar rats (∼230 g) were exercised at 80–85% of their VO2max for 30 min day−1, 4 days week−1 for 4 weeks (TR;n = 6), followed by 4 weeks of detraining (DTR; n = 6). Twelve untrained rats acted as controls (CTRL). Exercise training significantly enhanced VO2max (11.34 mL kg−1 min−1) and wet heart weight (29%) above CTRL (P < 0.05). Echocardiography revealed that exercise training increased LV mass (∼32%), posterior and septal wall thickness (∼15%), ejection fraction and fractional shortening (∼10%) compared to CTRL (P < 0.05). Cardiomyocyte diameter (17.9 ± 0.1 μm vs. 14.9 ± 0.6 μm), newly formed (BrdUpos/Ki67pos) cardiomyocytes (7.2 ± 1.3%/1.9 ± 0.7% vs. 0.2 ± 0.1%/0.1 ± 0.1%), total cardiomyocyte number (45.6 ± 0.6 × 106 vs. 42.5 ± 0.4 × 106), c-kitpos eCSC number (884 ± 112 per 106 cardiomyocytes vs. 482 ± 132 per 106 cardiomyocytes), and capillary density (4123 ± 227 per mm2 vs. 2117 ± 118 per mm2) were significantly greater in the LV of trained animals (P < 0.05) than CTRL. Detraining removed the stimulus for c-kitpos eCSC activation (640 ± 98 per 106 cardiomyocytes) and resultant cardiomyocyte hyperplasia (0.4 ± 0.3% BrdUpos/0.2 ± 0.2% Ki67pos cardiomyocytes). Capillary density (3673 ± 374 per mm2) and total myocyte number (44.7 ± 0.5 × 106) remained elevated following detraining, but cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (15.0 ± 0.4 μm) was lost, resulting in a reduction of anatomical (wall thickness ∼4%; LV mass ∼10% and cardiac mass ∼8%, above CTRL) and functional (EF & FS ∼2% above CTRL) parameters gained through exercise training. These findings demonstrate that cardiac adaptations, produced by 4 weeks of intensity-controlled exercise training are lost after a similar period of detraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D Waring
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Unit (BioStem), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Beverley J Henning
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Unit (BioStem), Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Daniele Torella
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Georgina M Ellison
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
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12
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Li Y, Cai M, Cao L, Qin X, Zheng T, Xu X, Sandvick TM, Hutchinson K, Wold LE, Hu K, Sun Q, Thomas DP, Ren J, He G. Endurance exercise accelerates myocardial tissue oxygenation recovery and reduces ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114205. [PMID: 25474642 PMCID: PMC4256403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training offers cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, few essential signals have been identified to underscore the protection from injury. In the present study, we hypothesized that exercise-induced acceleration of myocardial tissue oxygenation recovery contributes to this protection. C57BL/6 mice (4 weeks old) were trained on treadmills for 45 min/day at a treading rate of 15 m/min for 8 weeks. At the end of 8-week exercise training, mice underwent 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 60-min or 24-h reperfusion. Electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry was performed to measure myocardial tissue oxygenation. Western immunoblotting analyses, gene transfection, and myography were examined. The oximetry study demonstrated that exercise markedly shortened myocardial tissue oxygenation recovery time following reperfusion. Exercise training up-regulated Kir6.1 protein expression (a subunit of ATP-sensitive K(+)channel on vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMC sarc-K(ATP)) and protected the heart from I/R injury. In vivo gene transfer of dominant negative Kir6.1AAA prolonged the recovery time and enlarged infarct size. In addition, transfection of Kir6.1AAA increased the stiffness and reduced the relaxation capacity in the vasculature. Together, our study demonstrated that exercise training up-regulated Kir6.1, improved tissue oxygenation recovery, and protected the heart against I/R injury. This exercise-induced cardioprotective mechanism may provide a potential therapeutic intervention targeting VSMC sarc-K(ATP) channels and reperfusion recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Endocrinology and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Cao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Taylor M. Sandvick
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Kirk Hutchinson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Keli Hu
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - D. Paul Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Guanglong He
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
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13
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Guan A, Gong H, Ye Y, Jia J, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Qian S, Sun A, Chen R, Ge J, Zou Y. Regulation of p53 by jagged1 contributes to angiotensin II-induced impairment of myocardial angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76529. [PMID: 24098521 PMCID: PMC3789680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a major contributor to the development of heart failure, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms still remain elucidative. Inadequate angiogenesis in myocardium leads to transition from cardiac hypertrophy to dysfunction, this study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of AngII on myocardial angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. AngII treatment significantly impaired angiogenetic responses, which were determined by counting the capillaries either in matrigel formed by cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) or in myocardium of mice and by measuring the in vitro and in vivo production of VEGF proteins, and stimulated accumulation and phosphorylation of cytosolic p53 which led to increases in phosphorylated p53 and decreases of hypoxia inducible factor (Hif-1) in nucleus. All of these cellular and molecular events induced by AngII in CEMCs and hearts of mice were largely reduced by a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α (PFT-α). Interestingly, AngII stimulated the upregulation of Jagged1, a ligand of Notch, but it didn't affect the expression of Delta-like 4 (Dll-4), another ligand of Notch. Inhibition of p53 by PFT-α partly abolished this effect of AngII. Further experiments showed that knockdown ofJagged1 by addition of siRNA to cultured CMVECs dramatically declined AngII-stimulated accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 in cytosol, upregulation of phosphorylated p53 and downregulation of Hif-1 expression in nucleus, decrease of VEGF production and impairment of capillary-like tube formation by the cells. Our data collectively suggest that AngII impairs myocardial angiogenetic responses through p53-dependent downregulation of Hif-1 which is regulated by Jagged1/Notch1 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzothiazoles/pharmacology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Collagen/chemistry
- Drug Combinations
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Infusion Pumps, Implantable
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Jagged-1 Protein
- Laminin/chemistry
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proteoglycans/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Serrate-Jagged Proteins
- Signal Transduction
- Toluene/analogs & derivatives
- Toluene/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Guan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Triplett WT, Baligand C, Forbes SC, Willcocks RJ, Lott DJ, DeVos S, Pollaro J, Rooney WD, Sweeney HL, Bönnemann CG, Wang DJ, Vandenborne K, Walter GA. Chemical shift-based MRI to measure fat fractions in dystrophic skeletal muscle. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:8-19. [PMID: 24006208 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between fat fractions (FFs) determined based on multiple TE, unipolar gradient echo images and (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was evaluated using different models for fat-water decomposition, signal-to-noise ratios, and excitation flip angles. METHODS A combination of single-voxel proton spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) and gradient echo imaging was used to determine muscle FFs in both normal and dystrophic muscles. In order to cover a large range of FFs, the soleus and vastus lateralis muscles of 22 unaffected control subjects, 16 subjects with collagen VI deficiency (COL6), and 71 subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were studied. (1) H-MRS-based FF were corrected for the increased muscle (1) H2 O T1 and T2 values observed in dystrophic muscles. RESULTS Excellent agreement was found between coregistered FFs derived from gradient echo images fit to a multipeak model with noise bias correction and the relaxation-corrected (1) H-MRS FFs (y = 0.93x + 0.003; R(2) = 0.96) across the full range of FFs. Relaxation-corrected (1) H-MRS FFs and imaging-based FFs were significantly elevated (P < 0.01) in the muscles of COL6 and DMD subjects. CONCLUSION FFs, T2 , and T1 were all sensitive to muscle involvement in dystrophic muscle. MRI offered an additional advantage over single-voxel spectroscopy in that the tissue heterogeneity in FFs could be readily determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Triplett
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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15
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Ito D, Ito O, Cao P, Mori N, Suda C, Muroya Y, Takashima K, Ito S, Kohzuki M. Effects of exercise training on nitric oxide synthase in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:74-82. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | | | - Pengyu Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Suda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Kenta Takashima
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Center for Advanced Integrated Renal Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai; Japan
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16
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Biwer LA, Broderick TL, Xu H, Carroll C, Hale TM. Protection against L-NAME-induced reduction in cardiac output persists even after cessation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:156-65. [PMID: 22834875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM We have demonstrated that short-term angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats produces cardiac changes that persist following cessation of treatment that result in a reduced inflammatory, proliferative and fibrotic response to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(ω) -Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The present study examines whether prior ACE inhibition with enalapril also protects against L-NAME-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS Rats were treated with enalapril (Enal + L) or tap water (Con, Con + L) for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period. At this point, Con + L and Enal + L rats were treated with L-NAME for 10 days. Hearts were perfused in the working mode, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed via radiotelemetry, and myocardial injury was evaluated in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. RESULTS L-NAME increased MAP by a similar magnitude in Con + L and Enal + L. L-NAME-induced statistically significant decreases in flow-mediated functional parameters in Con + L rats including cardiac output, stroke volume and coronary flow. This was prevented by prior enalapril treatment. Prior enalapril did not prevent L-NAME-induced myocardial injury, but may have lessened the degree of it. Regardless of treatment, changes in cardiac function did not correlate with myocardial injury. CONCLUSION Despite equivalent impact on MAP and incidence of myocardial infarction, prior enalapril treatment resulted in the preservation of cardiac function following L-NAME. Understanding the mechanisms by which transient ACE inhibition protects against reductions in cardiac function in the absence of ongoing treatment may reveal novel targets for heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Biwer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix; Phoenix; AZ; USA
| | - T. L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism; Midwestern University; Glendale; AZ; USA
| | - H. Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester; NY; USA
| | - C. Carroll
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism; Midwestern University; Glendale; AZ; USA
| | - T. M. Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix; Phoenix; AZ; USA
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17
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Jover B, Girardot D, de Courtois Roy de Vacquières F, Casellas D, Molès JP. Wnt-4 potently inhibits capillary outgrowth from rat aorta in 3D culture. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 27:465-70. [PMID: 22607657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of angiogenesis involves tight cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular-matrix interactions. Various reports demonstrate that the Wnt signaling pathways participate in this regulation. Using a three-dimensional aortic ring culture combined with an ex vivo retroviral infection approach, we evaluated the effects of two Wnt growth factors, Wnt-1 and Wnt-4, on the formation and growth of new capillaries. Our results show that Wnt-1 had no effect, whereas Wnt-4 was a potent inhibitor of capillary outgrowth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Jover
- Groupe Rein & Hypertension, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, CNRS FRE3400, 641 Ave Doyen Giraud, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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18
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Aljabri MB, Songstad NT, Lund T, Serrano MC, Andreasen TV, Al-Saad S, Lindal S, Sitras V, Acharya G, Ytrehus K. Pregnancy protects against antiangiogenic and fibrogenic effects of angiotensin II in rat hearts. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 201:445-56. [PMID: 21281454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the difference between physiological and pathological cardiac remodelling induced, respectively, by pregnancy and angiotensin (Ang) II, and to test the hypothesis that pregnancy protects against Ang II effects. METHODS Female Wistar rats, pregnant (n = 12) and non-pregnant (n = 12), were implanted with mini-pumps containing saline (sham) or 150 ng kg(-1) min(-1) Ang II. Ten days later echocardiography and blood pressure measurement were performed. Expression of 22 genes was assessed using RT-PCR. Microscopic sections of LV were prepared to determine collagen content (Sirius Red staining), vessel density (β-actin immunolabelling) and myocytes diameter (Toluidine Blue). RESULTS Heart weight (HW) was increased in Ang II treated groups compared with their controls. Furthermore, HW of Ang II treated pregnant rats (1.0 ± 0.03 g) was higher than that in non-pregnant sham (0.7 ± 0.02 g), pregnant (0.8 ± 0.01 g) and Ang II treated non-pregnant (0.8 ± 0.02 g) rats. Relative LV wall thickness showed similar pattern. Aortic pressure was significantly increased in Ang II groups. Collagen content was increased in Ang II (4.0 ± 0.5%) compared with sham (1.5 ± 0.1%) but reduced again when treated rats were pregnant (2.8 ± 0.4%). Vessel density was reduced by 47.8% after Ang II treatment in non-pregnant and by only 13.9% in pregnant rats. Gene expression analysis showed increased expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), anykrin repeat domain-containing protein 1 (Ankrd-1), protein kinase C-α and -δ and tumour suppressor gene TP53 (p53) in Ang II treated groups and upregulation of ANF, BNP and Ankrd-1 remained when pregnancy was combined with Ang II. Pregnancy reduced expression of: α-myosin heavy chain, tumour necrosis factor-α, p53, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSION Pregnancy seems to counteract the detrimental effects of Ang II on fibrosis and angiogenesis in heart. In addition, pregnancy and Ang II lead to partly opposite changes in the expression of some genes important for heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Aljabri
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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19
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Exercise-induced VEGF transcriptional activation in brain, lung and skeletal muscle. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 170:16-22. [PMID: 19853064 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscle VEGF expression is upregulated by exercise. Whether this VEGF response is regulated by transcription and/or post-transcriptional mechanisms is unknown. Hypoxia may be responsible: myocyte P(O2) falls greatly during exercise and VEGF is a hypoxia-responsive gene. Whether exercise induces VEGF expression in other organs important to acute physical activity is also unknown. To address these questions, we created a VEGF-Luciferase reporter mouse and measured VEGF transcription, mRNA and protein responses to (a) acute exercise and (b) short-term hypoxia (FI(O2) = 0.06) in brain (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and striatum), muscle, lung, heart and liver. Exercise increased VEGF transcription, mRNA and protein in brain (hippocampus only), lungs and skeletal muscles, but not liver or heart. Hypoxia increased VEGF expression only in brain (cortex, hippocampus and striatum). New transcription appears to be a major exercise-induced regulatory step for increasing VEGF expression in muscle, lung and brain. Hippocampal VEGF expression was the only component of the exercise response recapitulated by hypoxia equivalent to the Everest summit.
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20
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Handoko M, de Man F, Happé C, Schalij I, Musters R, Westerhof N, Postmus P, Paulus W, van der Laarse W, Vonk-Noordegraaf A. Opposite Effects of Training in Rats With Stable and Progressive Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2009; 120:42-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.829713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a promising adjunct to medical treatment. However, it is still unclear whether training is beneficial for all PH patients. We hypothesized that right ventricular adaptation plays a pivotal role in the response to training.
Methods and Results—
Two different dosages of monocrotaline were used in rats to model stable PH with preserved cardiac output and progressive PH developing right heart failure. Two weeks after injection, PH was confirmed by echocardiography, and treadmill training was initiated. Rats were trained for 4 weeks unless manifest right heart failure developed earlier. At the end of the study protocol, all rats were functionally assessed by endurance testing, echocardiography, and invasive pressure measurements. Lungs and hearts were further analyzed in quantitative histomorphologic analyses. In stable PH, exercise training was well tolerated and markedly increased exercise endurance (from 25±3.9 to 62±3.9 minutes;
P
<0.001). Moreover, capillary density increased significantly (from 1.21±0.12 to 1.51±0.07 capillaries per cardiomyocyte;
P
<0.05). However, in progressive PH, exercise training worsened survival (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 14.2) and increased pulmonary vascular remodeling. In addition, training induced widespread leukocyte infiltration into the right ventricle (from 135±14 to 276±18 leukocytes per 1 mm
2
;
P
<0.001).
Conclusions—
In our rat model, exercise training was found to be beneficial in stable PH but detrimental in progressive PH. Future studies are necessary to address the clinical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Handoko
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F.S. de Man
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C.M. Happé
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I. Schalij
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R.J.P. Musters
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Westerhof
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P.E. Postmus
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W.J. Paulus
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W.J. van der Laarse
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A. Vonk-Noordegraaf
- From the Departments of Physiology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., R.J.P.M., N.W., W.J.P., W.J.v.d.L.) and Pulmonology (M.L.H., F.S.d.M., C.M.H., I.S., N.W., P.E.P., A.V.N.), VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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