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Vázquez-Carrillo DI, Ocampo-Ruiz AL, Báez-Meza A, Ramírez- Hernández G, Adán-Castro E, García-Rodrigo JF, Dena-Beltrán JL, de los Ríos EA, Sánchez-Martínez MK, Ortiz MG, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Macotela Y. Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist counteracts hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese male mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301496. [PMID: 38635745 PMCID: PMC11025782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. In humans, low levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) correlate with IR, adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, and increased prevalence of T2D. In obese rats, PRL treatment promotes insulin sensitivity and reduces visceral AT adipocyte hypertrophy. Here, we tested whether elevating PRL levels with the prokinetic and antipsychotic drug sulpiride, an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors, improves metabolism in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male mice. Sulpiride treatment (30 days) reduced hyperglycemia, IR, and the serum and pancreatic levels of triglycerides in obese mice, reduced visceral and subcutaneous AT adipocyte hypertrophy, normalized markers of visceral AT function (PRL receptor, Glut4, insulin receptor and Hif-1α), and increased glycogen stores in skeletal muscle. However, the effects of sulpiride reducing hyperglycemia were also observed in obese prolactin receptor null mice. We conclude that sulpiride reduces obesity-induced hyperglycemia by mechanisms that are independent of prolactin/prolactin receptor activity. These findings support the therapeutic potential of sulpiride against metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina I. Vázquez-Carrillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Ana Luisa Ocampo-Ruiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Arelí Báez-Meza
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriela Ramírez- Hernández
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Elva Adán-Castro
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - José Fernando García-Rodrigo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - José Luis Dena-Beltrán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Ericka A. de los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - María Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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Chien HY, Chen SM, Li WC. Dopamine receptor agonists mechanism of actions on glucose lowering and their connections with prolactin actions. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:935872. [PMID: 36993818 PMCID: PMC10012161 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.935872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Robust experiment evidence suggests that prolactin can enhance beta-cell proliferation and increase insulin secretion and sensitivity. Apart from acting as an endocrine hormone, it also function as an adipokine and act on adipocytes to modulate adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Several cross-sectional epidemiologic studies consistently showed that circulating prolactin levels positive correlated with increased insulin sensitivity, lower glucose and lipid levels, and lower prevalence of T2D and metabolic syndrome. Bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist used to treat prolactinoma, is approved by Food and Drug Administration for treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2009. Prolactin lowering suppress insulin secretion and decrease insulin sensitivity, therefore dopamine receptor agonists which act at the pituitary to lower serum prolactin levels are expected to impair glucose tolerance. Making it more complicating, studies exploring the glucose-lowering mechanism of bromocriptine and cabergoline have resulted in contradictory results; while some demonstrated actions independently on prolactin status, others showed glucose lowering partly explained by prolactin level. Previous studies showed that a moderate increase in central intraventricular prolactin levels stimulates hypothalamic dopamine with a decreased serum prolactin level and improved glucose metabolism. Additionally, sharp wave-ripples from the hippocampus modulates peripheral glucose level within 10 minutes, providing evidence for a mechanistic link between hypothalamus and blood glucose control. Central insulin in the mesolimbic system have been shown to suppress dopamine levels thus comprising a feedback control loop. Central dopamine and prolactin levels plays a key role in the glucose homeostasis control, and their dysregulation could lead to the pathognomonic central insulin resistance depicted in the “ominous octet”. This review aims to provide an in-depth discussion on the glucose-lowering mechanism of dopamine receptor agonists and on the diverse prolactin and dopamine actions on metabolism targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Mei Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wan-Chun Li,
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Adán-Castro E, Siqueiros-Márquez L, Ramírez-Hernández G, Díaz-Lezama N, Ruíz-Herrera X, Núñez FF, Núñez-Amaro CD, Robles-Osorio ML, Bertsch T, Triebel J, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemia increases retinal vasoinhibin and protects against diabetic retinopathy in rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13091. [PMID: 35078262 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive vasopermeability and angiogenesis compromise vision in diabetic macular oedema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Vasoinhibin is a fragment of the hormone prolactin (PRL) that inhibits diabetes-induced retinal hypervasopermeability and ischaemia-induced retinal angiogenesis in rodents. Hyperprolactinaemia generated by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, levosulpiride, is associated with higher levels of vasoinhibin in the vitreous of patients with DR, implying a beneficial outcome due to vasoinhibin-mediated inhibition of retinal vascular alterations. Here, we tested whether hyperprolactinaemia induced by racemic sulpiride increases intraocular vasoinhibin levels and inhibits retinal hypervasopermeability in diabetic rats. Diabetes was generated with streptozotocin and, 4 weeks later, rats were treated for 2 weeks with sulpiride or osmotic minipumps delivering PRL. ELISA, Western blot, and Evans blue assay were used to evaluate serum PRL, retinal vasoinhibin, and retinal vasopermeability, respectively. Hyperprolactinaemia in response to sulpiride or exogenous PRL was associated with increased levels of vasoinhibin in the retina and reduced retinal hypervasopermeability. Furthermore, sulpiride decreased retinal haemorrhages in response to the intravitreal administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Neither sulpiride nor exogenous PRL modified blood glucose levels or bodyweight. We conclude that sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemia inhibits the diabetes- and VEGF-mediated increase in retinal vasopermeability by promoting the intraocular conversion of endogenous PRL to vasoinhibin. These findings support the therapeutic potential of sulpiride and its levorotatory enantiomer, levosulpiride, against DME and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Adán-Castro
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | | | | | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Xarubet Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Francisco Freinet Núñez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos D Núñez-Amaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, México
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4
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Liu ZW, Zhang YM, Zhang LY, Zhou T, Li YY, Zhou GC, Miao ZM, Shang M, He JP, Ding N, Liu YQ. Duality of Interactions Between TGF-β and TNF-α During Tumor Formation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:810286. [PMID: 35069596 PMCID: PMC8766837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.810286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is essential for the formation and development of tumors. Cytokines in the microenvironment may affect the growth, metastasis and prognosis of tumors, and play different roles in different stages of tumors, of which transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are critical. The two have synergistic and antagonistic effect on tumor regulation. The inhibition of TGF-β can promote the formation rate of tumor, while TGF-β can promote the malignancy of tumor. TNF-α was initially determined to be a natural immune serum mediator that can induce tumor hemorrhagic necrosis, it has a wide range of biological activities and can be used clinically as a target to immune diseases as well as tumors. However, there are few reports on the interaction between the two in the tumor microenvironment. This paper combs the biological effect of the two in different aspects of different tumors. We summarized the changes and clinical medication rules of the two in different tissue cells, hoping to provide a new idea for the clinical application of the two cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gu-Cheng Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Miao
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Shang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan- Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation at Provincial and Ministerial Level, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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5
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Macotela Y, Ruiz-Herrera X, Vázquez-Carrillo DI, Ramírez-Hernandez G, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. The beneficial metabolic actions of prolactin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001703. [PMID: 36213259 PMCID: PMC9539817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of prolactin (PRL) favoring metabolic homeostasis is supported by multiple preclinical and clinical studies. PRL levels are key to explaining the direction of its actions. In contrast with the negative outcomes associated with very high (>100 μg/L) and very low (<7 μg/L) PRL levels, moderately high PRL levels, both within but also above the classically considered physiological range are beneficial for metabolism and have been defined as HomeoFIT-PRL. In animal models, HomeoFIT-PRL levels counteract insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, adipose tissue hypertrophy and fatty liver; and in humans associate with reduced prevalence of insulin resistance, fatty liver, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, and protection from type 2 diabetes development. The beneficial actions of PRL can be explained by its positive effects on main metabolic organs including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus. Here, we briefly review work supporting PRL as a promoter of metabolic homeostasis in rodents and humans, the PRL levels associated with metabolic protection, and the proposed mechanisms involved. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using drugs elevating PRL for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Ylioja CM, Carpenter AJ, Mamedova LK, Daniels KM, Ross PJ, Laflin SL, Swartz TH, Bradford BJ. Effects of sodium salicylate and time postpartum on mammary tissue proliferation, gene transcript profile, and DNA methylation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11259-11276. [PMID: 34304880 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment in early lactation had a positive impact on whole-lactation milk production in older cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate proliferative, transcriptional, and epigenetic changes in the mammary gland that could explain increased production responses due to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment. Sodium salicylate (SAL; 125 g/d) or water (CON) were administered via oral drench to multiparous Holstein cows (n = 8/treatment) once daily for 3 d beginning approximately 24 h after parturition, and mammary tissue was collected on d 1, 4, and 45 postpartum. Day 1 tissue was collected immediately preceding the initial drench, and d 4 tissue was collected 24 h following the final drench. Blood was collected twice weekly and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and prolactin. Cows were milked twice daily until d 7 of lactation, and thrice daily for the remainder of the study. Total RNA extracted from tissue was deep-sequenced and analyzed for differential gene expression using DESeq2. We detected no treatment effect on milk yield or plasma metabolites through 45 d of lactation; additionally, no change in mammary epithelial cell proliferation was detected when assessed by Ki67 labeling. Comparison of SAL versus CON revealed that only 16 of 18,286 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.1) in mammary tissue collected on d 45, whereas no differentially expressed genes due to treatment were detected on d 1 or 4. Analysis of transcriptional differences over time showed downregulation of pathways related to immune cell recruitment and differentiation, and extensive overlap with pathways related to cholesterol synthesis and liver X receptor signaling. Global DNA methylation of mammary tissue was decreased for CON compared with SAL. Transcriptome analysis emphasized extensive involvement of immune-related signaling pathways in the switch from lactogenesis to galactopoiesis, and changes in methylation with SAL treatment merit future investigation into epigenetic effects on milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ylioja
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - A J Carpenter
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - K M Daniels
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - P J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S L Laflin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - T H Swartz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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Ramirez-Hernandez G, Adan-Castro E, Diaz-Lezama N, Ruiz-Herrera X, Martinez de la Escalera G, Macotela Y, Clapp C. Global Deletion of the Prolactin Receptor Aggravates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:619696. [PMID: 33746901 PMCID: PMC7973366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.619696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) levels are reduced in the circulation of rats with diabetes or obesity, and lower circulating levels of PRL correlate with increased prevalence of diabetes and a higher risk of metabolic alterations in the clinic. Furthermore, PRL stimulates β-cell proliferation, survival, and insulin production and pregnant mice lacking PRL receptors in β-cells develop gestational diabetes. To investigate the protective effect of endogenous PRL against diabetes outside pregnancy, we compared the number of cases and severity of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia between C57BL/6 mice null for the PRL receptor gene (Prlr-/- ) and wild-type mice (Prlr+/+ ). STZ-treated diabetic Prlr-/- mice showed a higher number of cases and later recovery from hyperglycemia, exacerbated glucose levels, and glucose intolerance compared to the Prlr+/+ mice counterparts. Consistent with the worsening of hyperglycemia, pancreatic islet density, β-cell number, proliferation, and survival, as well as circulating insulin levels were reduced, whereas α-cell number and pancreatic inflammation were increased in the absence of PRL signaling. Deletion of the PRL receptor did not alter the metabolic parameters in vehicle-treated animals. We conclude that PRL protects whole body glucose homeostasis by reducing β-cell loss and pancreatic inflammation in STZ-induced diabetes. Medications elevating PRL circulating levels may prove to be beneficial in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Clapp
- *Correspondence: Carmen Clapp, ; Yazmin Macotela,
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Wang X, Ma B, Li G, Sheng C, Yang P, Gao J, Qu S. Glucose-Lipid Metabolism in Obesity with Elevated Prolactin Levels and Alteration of Prolactin Levels After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2020; 30:4004-4013. [PMID: 32700179 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the differences in metabolism between obesity with or without increased prolactin (PRL) and the change in PRL after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS Patients were divided into two groups: obesity with normal PRL (NP, n = 123) and high PRL (HP, n = 108). Glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammation were measured. A total of 115 patients with obesity (NP, n = 64; HP, n = 51) underwent LSG were recruited, and PRL was measured at 12 months after LSG. RESULTS (1) Blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TCH), LDL, triglyceride, and TNF-α were lower in the HP than in the NP group in the cross-sectional study (all P < 0.05). (2) PRL was negatively associated with neck circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, basal metabolism rate (BMR), ALP, TCH, and LDL in all subjects. PRL levels were positively associated with weight, HC, and BMR in males but were negatively associated with ALT, AST, ALP, BG 30 min, BG 60 min, FFA, and TCH in females (all P < 0.05). (3) Regression analysis showed that PRL negatively correlated with ALP and LDL-C in the whole baseline (β = - 0.051, P = 0.002; β = - 1.372, P = 0.033). PRL was a negative factor for ALP in females and a positive factor for BMR2 in males (β = - 0.099, P = 0.041; β = 0.005, P = 0.006). (4) PRL decreased in the HP group and increased in the NP group at 12 months post-operation (all P < 0.05). Increased PRL was associated with a change in TCH in the NP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased PRL resulted in improved glucose-lipid metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. LSG led to increased PRL in NP and decreased PRL in HP. Improved lipid was associated with increased PRL in NP after surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-OCS-12002381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bingwei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guifang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunjun Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingyang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Macotela Y, Triebel J, Clapp C. Time for a New Perspective on Prolactin in Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:276-286. [PMID: 32044206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) regulates a variety of functions beyond reproduction. The association between physiological (pregnancy) and pathological (prolactinoma) hyperprolactinemia and metabolic alterations led to the concept of this hormone being diabetogenic. However, large cohort clinical studies have recently shown that low circulating PRL levels are associated with metabolic disease and represent a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas high PRL levels are beneficial. Moreover, PRL acts on the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus to maintain and promote metabolic homeostasis. By integrating basic and clinical evidence, we hypothesize that upregulation of PRL levels is a mechanism to maintain metabolic homeostasis and, thus, propose that the range of PRL levels considered physiological should be expanded to higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, México.
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine, and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, México
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Ponce AJ, Galván-Salas T, Lerma-Alvarado RM, Ruiz-Herrera X, Hernández-Cortés T, Valencia-Jiménez R, Cárdenas-Rodríguez LE, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Macotela Y. Low prolactin levels are associated with visceral adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance in humans. Endocrine 2020; 67:331-343. [PMID: 31919769 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low prolactin (PRL) serum levels are associated with glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes in adults, and with metabolic syndrome and obesity in children. In obese rodents, PRL treatment promotes insulin sensitivity by maintaining adipose tissue fitness, and lack of PRL signaling exacerbates obesity-derived metabolic alterations. Since adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor triggering metabolic alterations, we evaluated whether PRL serum levels are associated with adipocyte hypertrophy (a marker of adipose tissue dysfunction), insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in lean, overweight, and obese adult men and women. METHODS Samples of serum and adipose tissue from 40 subjects were obtained to evaluate insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), signs of metabolic syndrome (glucose levels, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, blood pressure, and waist circumference), as well as adipocyte size and gene expression in fat. RESULTS Lower PRL serum levels are associated with adipocyte hypertrophy, in visceral but not in subcutaneous fat, and with a higher HOMA-IR. Furthermore, low systemic PRL levels together with high waist circumference predict an elevated HOMA-IR whereas low serum PRL values in combination with high blood glucose predicts visceral adipocyte hypertrophy. In agreement, visceral fat from insulin resistant subjects shows reduced expression of prolactin receptor. However, there is no association between PRL levels and obesity or signs of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that low levels of PRL are markers of visceral fat dysfunction and insulin resistance, and suggest the potential therapeutic value of medications elevating PRL levels to help maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Ponce
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Tomás Galván-Salas
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
- Hospital General de Querétaro, Servicio de Cirugía General, SESEQ, 76170, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Tomás Hernández-Cortés
- Hospital General de Querétaro, Servicio de Cirugía General, SESEQ, 76170, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Laura E Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Hospital General de Querétaro, Centro Estatal de Diagnóstico Especializado, SESEQ, 76170, Querétaro, México
| | - Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México.
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11
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Skov LJ, Ratner C, Hansen NW, Thompson JJ, Egerod KL, Burm H, Dalbøge LS, Hedegaard MA, Brakebusch C, Pers TH, Perrier JF, Holst B. RhoA in tyrosine hydroxylase neurones regulates food intake and body weight via altered sensitivity to peripheral hormones. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12761. [PMID: 31237372 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-producing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) have recently been shown to be involved in ghrelin signalling and body weight homeostasis. In the present study, we investigate the role of the intracellular regulator RhoA in hypothalamic TH neurones in response to peripheral hormones. Diet-induced obesity was found to be associated with increased phosphorylation of TH in ARC, indicating obesity-associated increased activity of ARC TH neurones. Mice in which RhoA was specifically knocked out in TH neurones (TH-RhoA-/- mice) were more sensitive to the orexigenic effect of peripherally administered ghrelin and displayed an abolished response to the anorexigenic hormone leptin. When TH-RhoA-/- mice were challenged with a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, they became hyperphagic and gained more body weight and fat mass compared to wild-type control mice. Importantly, lack of RhoA prevented development of ghrelin resistance, which is normally observed in wild-type mice after long-term HFHS diet feeding. Patch-clamp electrophysiological analysis demonstrated increased ghrelin-induced excitability of TH neurones in lean TH-RhoA-/- mice compared to lean littermate control animals. Additionally, increased expression of the orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y was observed in TH-RhoA-/- mice. Overall, our data indicate that TH neurones in ARC are important for the regulation of body weight homeostasis and that RhoA is both a central effector in these neurones and important for the development of obesity-induced ghrelin resistance. The obese phenotype of TH-RhoA-/- mice may be a result of increased sensitivity to ghrelin and decreased sensitivity to leptin, resulting in increased food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J Skov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Nutrient and Metabolite Sensing, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Ratner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Nutrient and Metabolite Sensing, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj W Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan J Thompson
- Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Nutrient and Metabolite Sensing, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hayley Burm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Nutrient and Metabolite Sensing, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten A Hedegaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Nutrient and Metabolite Sensing, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Nutrient and Metabolite Sensing, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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de Los Ríos EA, Ruiz-Herrera X, Tinoco-Pantoja V, López-Barrera F, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Macotela Y. Impaired prolactin actions mediate altered offspring metabolism induced by maternal high-fat feeding during lactation. FASEB J 2018; 32:3457-3470. [PMID: 29401632 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701154r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diet during lactation affects offspring metabolic health throughout life. Prolactin (PRL) is present in high quantities in maternal milk; however, the effects of milk PRL on the offspring remain poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated whether feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to rats during lactation alters PRL, both in the mother's serum and in milk, and whether this factor contributes to HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Maternal HFD resulted in decreased PRL levels in milk (but not in serum), reduced mammary gland (MG) PRL receptor expression, and altered MG structure and function. Offspring from HFD-fed dams had increased body weight and adiposity, and developed fatty liver, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance at weaning. Increasing PRL levels in the HFD-fed mothers by subcutaneous osmotic minipumps releasing PRL normalized MG function and PRL levels in milk. Moreover, PRL treatment in HFD-fed mothers, or directly in their pups via oral PRL administration, increased liver STAT5 phosphorylation, reduced visceral adiposity, ameliorated fatty liver, and improved insulin sensitivity in offspring. Our results show that HFD impairs PRL actions during lactation to negatively affect MG physiology and directly impair offspring metabolism.-De los Ríos, E. A., Ruiz-Herrera, X., Tinoco-Pantoja, V., López-Barrera, F., Martínez de la Escalera, G., Clapp, C., Macotela, Y. Impaired prolactin actions mediate altered offspring metabolism induced by maternal high-fat feeding during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka A de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
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13
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Thébault S. Potential mechanisms behind the antioxidant actions of prolactin in the retina. Exp Eye Res 2017; 160:56-61. [PMID: 28456446 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Causes for age-related retinal diseases are numerous and complex, and they are intertwined with the natural vision decline that accompanies aging. The elucidation of endogenous mechanisms that help maintain retinal function under conditions that are threatening for the eye and happen during natural aging is therefore critical in developing new prevention and therapeutic strategies against age-related retinal degeneration. Our lab recently reported that the hormone of lactation, prolactin, helps the retinal pigment epithelium to survive via antioxidant actions that result in the inhibition of sirtuin2-dependent cell death (EbioMedicine issue of May). The mechanism behind the antioxidant activity of prolactin remains elusive. The main purposes of my commentary are to discuss mechanisms that could explain this effect in the context of previously identified defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and focus particularly on the potential regulation of reduced glutathione levels by prolactin. I also briefly comment on how our study contributes to cell biology, which as the foundational science for understanding neurodegeneration, may accelerate progress in disease prevention and cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Thébault
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
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14
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Clapp C, Adán N, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Solís-Gutiérrez M, Triebel J, Martínez de la Escalera G. The role of the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis in rheumatoid arthritis: an integrative overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2929-48. [PMID: 27026299 PMCID: PMC11108309 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease destroying articular cartilage and bone. The female preponderance and the influence of reproductive states in RA have long linked this disease to sexually dimorphic, reproductive hormones such as prolactin (PRL). PRL has immune-enhancing properties and increases in the circulation of some patients with RA. However, PRL also suppresses the immune system, stimulates the formation and survival of joint tissues, acquires antiangiogenic properties upon its cleavage to vasoinhibins, and protects against joint destruction and inflammation in the adjuvant-induced model of RA. This review addresses risk factors for RA linked to PRL, the effects of PRL and vasoinhibins on joint tissues, blood vessels, and immune cells, and the clinical and experimental data associating PRL with RA. This information provides important insights into the pathophysiology of RA and highlights protective actions of the PRL/vasoinhibin axis that could lead to therapeutic benefits.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/immunology
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Cartilage, Articular/blood supply
- Cartilage, Articular/immunology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/physiopathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation/epidemiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Joints/blood supply
- Joints/immunology
- Joints/pathology
- Joints/physiopathology
- Male
- Prolactin/immunology
- Reproduction
- Sex Factors
- Stress, Physiological
- Stress, Psychological
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Norma Adán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mariana Solís-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
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15
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Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) has been long deemed as a hormone involved only in female reproduction. However, PRL is a surprising hormone and, since its identification in the 1970s, its attributed functions have greatly increased. However, its specific role in male health is still widely unknown. Recently, low PRL has been associated with reduced ejaculate and seminal vesicle volume in infertile subjects. In addition, in men consulting for sexual dysfunction, hypoprolactinemia has been associated with erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, findings further confirmed in the general European population and infertile men. Several metabolic derangements, recapitulating metabolic syndrome, have also been associated with low PRL both in men with sexual dysfunction and from the general European population. In men with sexual dysfunction, followed-up for more than 4 years, low PRL was identified as an independent predictor of the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Finally, an association with anxiety or depressive symptoms has been found in men with sexual dysfunction and from the general European population. While a direct role for impaired PRL function in the pathogenesis of these reproductive, sexual, metabolic and psychological disorders is conceivable, the possibility that low PRL is a mirror of an increased dopaminergic or a decreased serotonergic tone cannot be ruled-out. Hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system can explain only a few of the aforementioned findings, whereas a hypo-serotonergic tone fits well with the clinical features associated with low PRL, and there is significant evidence supporting the hypothesis that PRL could be a mirror of serotonin in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Section, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 2, 40133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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