1
|
de Miera CS, Beymer M, Routledge K, Krol E, Hazlerigg DG, Simonneaux V. Photoperiodic regulation in a wild-derived mouse strain. J Exp Biol 2020:jeb.217687. [PMID: 34005441 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mus musculus molossinus (MSM) is a wild-derived mouse strain which maintains the ability to synthesize melatonin in patterns reflecting the ambient photoperiod. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of photoperiodic variation on metabolic and reproductive traits, and the related changes in pituitary-hypothalamic gene expression in MSM mice. MSM mice were kept in long (LP) or short photoperiod (SP) for 6 weeks. Our results demonstrate that MSM mice kept in LP, as compared to mice kept in SP, display higher expression of genes encoding thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis, thyroid hormone deiodinase 2 (dio2) in the tanycytes, RFamide-related peptide (RFRP3) in the hypothalamus and lower expression of dio3 in the tanycytes, along with larger body and reproductive organ mass. Additionally, to assess the effects of the gestational photoperiodic environment on the expression of these genes, we kept MSM mice in LP or SP from gestation and studied offspring. We show that the gestational photoperiod affects the TSH/dio pathway in newborn MSM mice in a similar way to adults. This result indicates a transgenerational effect of photoperiod from the mother to the fetus in utero. Overall, these results indicate that photoperiod can influence neuroendocrine regulation in a melatonin-proficient mouse strain, in a manner similar that documented in other seasonal rodent species. MSM mice may therefore become a useful model for research into the molecular basis of photoperiodic regulation of seasonal biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáenz de Miera
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew Beymer
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevin Routledge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Elżbieta Krol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Hazlerigg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economy, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valerie Simonneaux
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohsen Z, Sim H, Garcia-Galiano D, Han X, Bellefontaine N, Saunders TL, Elias CF. Sexually dimorphic distribution of Prokr2 neurons revealed by the Prokr2-Cre mouse model. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4111-4129. [PMID: 28616754 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) is predominantly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Loss-of-function mutations of PROKR2 in humans are associated with Kallmann syndrome due to the disruption of gonadotropin releasing hormone neuronal migration and deficient olfactory bulb morphogenesis. PROKR2 has been also implicated in the neuroendocrine control of GnRH neurons post-migration and other physiological systems. However, the brain circuitry and mechanisms associated with these actions have been difficult to investigate mainly due to the widespread distribution of Prokr2-expressing cells, and the lack of animal models and molecular tools. Here, we describe the generation, validation and characterization of a new mouse model that expresses Cre recombinase driven by the Prokr2 promoter, using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Cre expression was visualized using reporter genes, tdTomato and GFP, in males and females. Expression of Cre-induced reporter genes was found in brain sites previously described to express Prokr2, e.g., the paraventricular and the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the area postrema. The Prokr2-Cre mouse model was further validated by colocalization of Cre-induced GFP and Prokr2 mRNA. No disruption of Prokr2 expression, GnRH neuronal migration or fertility was observed. Comparative analysis of Prokr2-Cre expression in male and female brains revealed a sexually dimorphic distribution confirmed by in situ hybridization. In females, higher Cre activity was found in the medial preoptic area, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, medial amygdala and lateral parabrachial nucleus. In males, Cre was higher in the amygdalo-hippocampal area. The sexually dimorphic pattern of Prokr2 expression indicates differential roles in reproductive function and, potentially, in other physiological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Mohsen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine St., 7732B Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Hosung Sim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine St., 7732B Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - David Garcia-Galiano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine St., 7732B Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine St., 7732B Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.,Isotope Research Lab, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicole Bellefontaine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine St., 7732B Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine St., 7732B Med Sci II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tekin S, Erden Y, Sandal S, Etem Onalan E, Ozyalin F, Ozen H, Yilmaz B. Effects of apelin on reproductive functions: relationship with feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:9-15. [PMID: 27494693 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1211709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an adipose tissue derived peptidergic hormone. In this study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used (four groups; n = 10). Apelin-13 at three different dosages (1, 5 and 50 μg/kg) was given intraperitoneally while the control group received vehicle the same route for a period of 14 days. In results, apelin-13 caused significant decreases in serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels (p < 0.05). Administration of apelin-13 significantly increased body weights, food intake, serum low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05), but caused significant decreases in high-density lipoprotein levels (p < 0.05). Serum glucose and triglyceride levels were not significantly altered by apelin-13 administration. Significant decreases in both uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 levels in the white and brown adipose tissues and UCP-3 levels in the biceps muscle (p < 0.05) were noted. The findings of the study suggest that apelin-13 may not only lead to obesity by increasing body weight but also cause infertility by suppressing reproductive hormones.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Energy Intake/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Feeding Behavior/drug effects
- Gonadotropins, Pituitary/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gonadotropins, Pituitary/blood
- Hypercholesterolemia/blood
- Hypercholesterolemia/chemically induced
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Infertility, Male/blood
- Infertility, Male/chemically induced
- Infertility, Male/metabolism
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/toxicity
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Overweight/blood
- Overweight/chemically induced
- Overweight/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Testosterone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Testosterone/blood
- Toxicity Tests, Chronic
- Uncoupling Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Uncoupling Protein 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Uncoupling Protein 3/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 3/metabolism
- Weight Gain/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suat Tekin
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Yavuz Erden
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Faculty of Science, Bartin University , Bartin , Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Ebru Etem Onalan
- c Department of Medical Biology , Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozyalin
- d Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozen
- e Department of Pathology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University , Kars , Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- f Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zuure WA, Quennell JH, Anderson GM. Leptin Responsive and GABAergic Projections to the Rostral Preoptic Area in Mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:12357. [PMID: 26716764 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin plays a critical role in the control of reproduction via signalling in hypothalamic neurones. The drivers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones, do not have the receptors for leptin. Therefore, intermediate leptin responsive neurones must provide leptin-to-GnRH signalling. We investigated the populations of leptin responsive neurones that provide input to the rostral preoptic area (rPOA) where GnRH cell bodies reside. Fluorescent retrograde tracer beads (RetroBeads; Lumafluor Inc., Naples, FL, USA) were injected into the rPOA of transgenic leptin receptor enhanced green fluorescent protein (Lepr-eGFP) reporter mice. Uptake of the RetroBeads by Lepr-eGFP neurones was assessed throughout the hypothalamus. RetroBead uptake was most evident in the medial arcuate nucleus (ARC), the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) of the hypothalamus. The uptake of RetroBeads specifically by Lepr-eGFP neurones was highest in the medial ARC (18% of tracer-labelled neurones Lepr-eGFP-positive). Because neurones that are both leptin responsive and GABAergic play a critical role in the regulation of fertility by leptin, we next focussed on the location of these populations. To address whether GABAergic neurones in leptin-responsive hypothalamic regions project to the rPOA, the experiment was repeated in GABA neurone reporter mice (Vgat-tdTomato). Between 10% and 45% of RetroBead-labelled neurones in the ARC were GABAergic, whereas uptake of tracer by GABAergic neurones in the DMN and PMV was very low (< 5%). These results show that both leptin responsive and GABAergic neurones from the ARC project to the region of the GnRH cell bodies. Our findings suggest that LEPR-expressing GABA neurones from the ARC may be mediators of leptin-to-GnRH signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Zuure
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J H Quennell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - G M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garcia-Galiano D, Allen SJ, Elias CF. Role of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin in reproductive control. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 19:141-9. [PMID: 25390022 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achievement of sexual maturation and maintenance of fertility in adulthood are functions that are sensitive to the metabolic status of the organism, particularly the magnitude of fat reserves. In this sense, the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, plays a major role in linking metabolic cues and the control of multiple neuroendocrine axes. The hypothalamus is a key site mediating leptin actions, including those involved in the modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads (HPG) axis at different stages of development and in different environmental conditions. In the present review, we provide an update of the role of leptin in reproduction and discuss its interactions with neurons, neurotransmitters and downstream targets of the reproductive axis, with a special emphasis on the actions of leptin in the central nervous system. We hope this review will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms whereby metabolic signals, especially leptin, influence the reproductive neuroendocrine axis modulating its activity in different nutritional states. Special attention will be given to recent advances in the identification of key hypothalamic sites and signaling pathways relevant to leptin's action in reproductive control.
Collapse
|
6
|
Park HK, Ahima RS. Physiology of leptin: energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function and metabolism. Metabolism 2015; 64:24-34. [PMID: 25199978 PMCID: PMC4267898 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and regulates energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function, metabolism, immune function and other systems through its effects on the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Leptin administration has been shown to restore metabolic and neuroendocrine abnormalities in individuals with leptin-deficient states, including hypothalamic amenorrhea and lipoatrophy. In contrast, obese individuals are resistant to leptin. Recombinant leptin is beneficial in patients with congenital leptin deficiency or generalized lipodystrophy. However, further research on molecular mediators of leptin resistance is needed for the development of targeted leptin sensitizing therapies for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Insight to leptin's function. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 61-62:189-90. [PMID: 25499206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Xu L. Leptin action in the midbrain: From reward to stress. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 61-62:256-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|