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Zreik F, Meshulam R, Shichel I, Webb M, Shibolet O, Jacob G. Effect of ingesting a meal and orthostasis on the regulation of splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics and the responsiveness of cardiovascular α 1-adrenoceptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G513-G526. [PMID: 34523347 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00142.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial orthostasis activates mechanisms of cardiovascular homeostasis to maintain normal blood pressure (BP) and adequate blood flow to vital organs. The underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular homeostasis in postprandial orthostasis still require elucidation. Fourteen healthy volunteers were recruited to investigate the effect of an orthostatic challenge (60°-head-up-tilt for 20 min) on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics before and after ingesting an 800-kcal composite meal. The splanchnic circulation was assessed by ultrasonography of the superior mesenteric and hepatic arteries and portal vein. Systemic hemodynamics were assessed noninvasively by continuous monitoring of BP, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and the pressor response to an intravenous infusion on increasing doses of phenylephrine, an α1-adrenoceptor agonist. Neurohumoral regulation was assessed by spectral analysis of HR and BP, plasma catecholamine and aldosterone levels and plasma renin activity. Postprandial mesenteric hyperemia was associated with an increase in CO, a decrease in SVR and cardiac vagal tone, and reduction in baroreflex sensitivity with no change in sympathetic tone. Arterial α1-adrenoceptor responsiveness was preserved and reduced in hepatic sinusoids. Postprandial orthostasis was associated with a shift of 500 mL of blood from mesenteric to systemic circulation with preserved sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction. Meal ingestion provokes cardiovascular hyperdynamism, cardiac vagolysis, and resetting of the baroreflex without activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Meal ingestion also alters α1-adrenoceptor responsiveness in the hepatic sinusoids and participates in the redistribution of blood volume from the mesenteric to the systemic circulation to maintain a normal BP during orthostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A unique integrated investigation on the effect of meal on neurohumoral mechanisms and blood flow redistribution of the mesenteric circulation during orthostasis was investigated. Food ingestion results in cardiovascular hyperdynamism, reduction in cardiac vagal tone, and baroreflex sensitivity and causes a decrease in α1-adrenoceptor responsiveness only in the venous intrahepatic sinusoids. About 500-mL blood shifts from the mesenteric to the systemic circulation during orthostasis. Accordingly, the orthostatic homeostatic mechanisms are better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Zreik
- Department of Medicine, F and J. Recanati Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Tel Aviv "Sourasky" Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reshef Meshulam
- Department of Medicine, F and J. Recanati Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Tel Aviv "Sourasky" Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Shichel
- Department of Medicine, F and J. Recanati Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Tel Aviv "Sourasky" Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology at Tel Aviv "Sourasky" Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology at Tel Aviv "Sourasky" Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Giris Jacob
- Department of Medicine, F and J. Recanati Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Tel Aviv "Sourasky" Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Strüven A, Holzapfel C, Stremmel C, Brunner S. Obesity, Nutrition and Heart Rate Variability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084215. [PMID: 33921697 PMCID: PMC8072942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) represents the activity and balance of the autonomic nervous system and its capability to react to internal and external stimuli. As a measure of general body homeostasis, HRV is linked to lifestyle factors and it is associated with morbidity and mortality. It is easily accessible by heart rate monitoring and gains interest in the era of smart watches and self-monitoring. In this review, we summarize effects of weight loss, training, and nutrition on HRV with a special focus on obesity. Besides weight reduction, effects of physical activity and dietary intervention can be monitored by parameters of HRV, including its time and frequency domain components. In the future, monitoring of HRV should be included in any weight reduction program as it provides an additional tool to analyze the effect of body weight on general health and homeostasis. HRV parameters could, for example, be monitored easily by implementation of an electrocardiogram (ECG) every two to four weeks during weight reduction period. Indices presumibly showing beneficial changes could be a reduction in heart rate and the number of premature ventricular complexes as well as an increase in standard deviation of normal-to-normal beat intervals (SDNN), just to name some.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strüven
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.S.); (C.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Christopher Stremmel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.S.); (C.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.S.); (C.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-52248; Fax: +49-89-4400-75251
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Rodrigues J, Yamane A, Gonçalves T, Kalva-Filho C, Papoti M, Júnior C. Fed and fasted states on heart rate variability, hemodynamic heart rate and blood pressure in adults submitted to moderate aerobic exercise. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 23:100378. [PMID: 31193402 PMCID: PMC6527814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) has proven to be a powerful non-invasive tool to investigate cardiac autonomic control and, seems to be influenced by nutritional status and exercise practice. However, the acute effects of fed or fasting states on HRV and blood pressure (BP) during low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise are currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated the baseline values and behavior of HRV, BP, and heart rate (HR) before and after low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise in fed and fasted states in healthy adults. Methods 12 healthy individuals with mean age (SD) 59.0 (9.1) years performed two tests on a treadmill at 80% of the mean velocity of the 6-min walking test separated by 48 h: 12 h fasted (FST) or 1 h fed (FED). HRV, BP and HR were analyzed at rest, posttest, and at the third, fifth, and seventh minutes of recovery. Results HRV and HR presented no significant alterations between nutritional conditions. HR at baseline was not different between nutritional conditions. Diastolic blood pressure was increased during the fasted baseline state. Conclusions The results of the current study provide that 12 h overnight fasting does not seem to be enough to affect significant changes in the autonomic modulation in healthy adults submitted to low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A.L. Rodrigues
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Physiology and Metabolism (LAFEM), EEFERP, USP, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14.040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - A.C. Yamane
- School Physical of Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - T.C.P. Gonçalves
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C. Kalva-Filho
- School Physical of Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Papoti
- School Physical of Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C.R.B. Júnior
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- School Physical of Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-907 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Effects of exercise intensity on vascular and autonomic components of the baroreflex following glucose ingestion in adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:867-878. [PMID: 30730001 PMCID: PMC6423315 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in a sample of healthy adolescents, and how acute exercise bouts of different intensities alter the effects of the OGTT on BRS. Methods Thirteen male adolescents (14.0 ± 0.5 years) completed three conditions on separate days in a counterbalanced order: (1) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE); (2) moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE); and (3) resting control (CON). At ~ 90 min following the conditions, participants performed an OGTT. Supine heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously at baseline, 60 min following the conditions, and 60 min following the OGTT. A cross-spectral method (LFgain) was used to determine BRS gain. Arterial compliance (AC) was assessed as the BRS vascular component. LFgain divided by AC (LFgain/AC) was used as the autonomic component. Results Although non-significant, LFgain moderately decreased post-OGTT when no exercise was performed (pre-OGTT = 24.4 ± 8.2 ms mmHg− 1; post-OGTT = 19.9 ± 5.6 ms mmHg− 1; ES = 0.64, P > 0.05). This was attributed to the decrease in LFgain/AC (pre-OGTT = 1.19 ± 0.5 ms µm− 1; post-OGTT = 0.92 ± 0.24 ms µm− 1; ES = 0.69, P > 0.05). Compared to CON (Δ = − 4.4 ± 8.7 ms mmHg− 1), there were no differences for the pre–post-OGTT delta changes in LF/gain for HIIE (Δ = − 3.5 ± 8.2 ms mmHg− 1) and MIIE (Δ = 1.3 ± 9.9 ms mmHg− 1) had no effects on BRS following the OGTT (all ES < 0.5). Similarly, compared to CON (Δ = − 0.23 ± 0.40 ms µm− 1) there were no differences for the pre–post-OGTT delta changes in LF/gain for HIIE (Δ = − 0.22 ± 0.49 ms µm− 1) and MIIE (Δ = 0.13 ± 0.36 ms µm− 1). Conclusion A moderate non-significant decrease in BRS was observed in adolescents following a glucose challenge with no apparent effects of exercise.
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Cao L, Graham SL, Pilowsky PM. Carbohydrate ingestion induces differential autonomic dysregulation in normal-tension glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198432. [PMID: 29879162 PMCID: PMC5991678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is reported that glaucoma may be associated with vascular dysregulation. Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), which feature different intraocular pressure levels, may manifest differential features of systemic autonomic dysregulation. Methods and results We investigated autonomic regulation to carbohydrate ingestion and postural change in 37 glaucoma patients (19 NTG and 18 POAG) and 36 controls. Subjects were age and gender-matched, normotensive, and had normal comparable insulin sensitivity. Continuous finger arterial pressure and ECG was recorded in supine and standing positions before and after carbohydrate ingestion. Low frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15–0.4Hz) spectral power of heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability (HRV and SBPV) were calculated to estimate sympathovagal function. Overall comparison glaucoma (N = 37) and controls (N = 36) showed an increased sympathetic excitation, vagal withdrawal and unstable mean arterial pressure after carbohydrate ingestion in glaucoma patients. Glaucoma severity by retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness is positively correlated to autonomic responses (HRV LF power and HF power in normalised units (nu), and HRV LF/HF ratio) after carbohydrate ingestion. Early (30 minutes) following carbohydrate ingestion, SBP LF power and HRV parameters remained unchanged in controls; while POAG showed abnormal autonomic responses, with a paradoxical vagal enhancement (increased HRV HF power in nu) and sympathetic inhibition (decreased HRV LF power nu and HRV LF/HF ratio), and associated hypotension. Later (60–120 minutes) following carbohydrate ingestion, HRV parameters remained unaltered in controls; whereas NTG manifested vagal withdrawal (reduced HRV HF power nu) and sympathetic hyper-responsiveness (increased HRV LF power nu and HRV LF/HF ratio), despite increased SBP LF power in both controls and NTG. Both NTG and POAG exhibited attenuated autonomic responses to postural stress. Conclusions NTG and POAG both manifest some systemic autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation. However, the two forms of glaucoma respond differentially to carbohydrate ingestion, irrespective of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M. Pilowsky
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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The influence of phenolic compounds from coffee and tea on postprandial cardiovascular stress: a mini-review. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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