1
|
Mota CM, Madden CJ. Neural circuits mediating circulating interleukin-1β-evoked fever in the absence of prostaglandin E2 production. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:109-121. [PMID: 35429606 PMCID: PMC9524517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions recruit the immune system to mount an appropriate acute response that includes the production of cytokines. Cytokines evoke neurally-mediated responses to fight pathogens, such as the recruitment of thermoeffectors, thereby increasing body temperature and leading to fever. Studies suggest that the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) depends upon cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated prostaglandin E2 production for the induction of neural mechanisms to elicit fever. However, COX inhibitors do not eliminate IL-1β-induced fever, thus suggesting that COX-dependent and COX-independent mechanisms are recruited for increasing body temperature after peripheral administration of IL-1β. In the present study, we aimed to build a foundation for the neural circuit(s) controlling COX-independent, inflammatory fever by determining the involvement of brain areas that are critical for controlling the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the cutaneous vasculature. In anesthetized rats, pretreatment with indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, did not prevent BAT thermogenesis or cutaneous vasoconstriction (CVC) induced by intravenous IL-1β (2 µg/kg). BAT and cutaneous vasculature sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) are required for IL-1β-evoked BAT thermogenesis and CVC, with or without pretreatment with indomethacin. Additionally, activation of glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is required for COX-independent, IL-1β-induced BAT thermogenesis. Therefore, our data suggests that COX-independent mechanisms elicit activation of neurons within the DMH and rRPa, which is sufficient to trigger and mount inflammatory fever. These data provide a foundation for elucidating the brain circuits responsible for COX-independent, IL-1β-elicited fevers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Madden
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States. (C.J. Madden)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lomba LA, Cruz JV, Coelho LCM, Leite-Avalca MCG, Correia D, Zampronio AR. Role of central endothelin-1 in hyperalgesia, anhedonia, and hypolocomotion induced by endotoxin in male rats. Exp Brain Res 2020; 239:267-277. [PMID: 33145614 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sickness syndrome is an adaptive response that can be distinguished by specific signs and symptoms, such as fever and generalized hyperalgesia. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced by inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide, and involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and pain by acting through ETA and ETB receptors. ET-1 also induces fever by acting on the central nervous system. The present study investigated the role of ET-1 in sickness syndrome responses, including hyperalgesia, anhedonia, and hypolocomotion. Intracerebroventricular ET-1 administration induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats, which was ameliorated by the ETA receptor antagonist BQ123 and exacerbated by the ETB receptor antagonist BQ788. A cyclooxygenase blocker did not alter hyperalgesia that was induced by ET-1. Lipopolysaccharide administration induced hyperalgesia, and both BQ123 and BQ788 abolished this mechanical hyperalgesia, but the thermal response was only partially blocked. The blockade of ETA receptors in the hypothalamus also abolished lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and the ETB receptor antagonist did not influence this response. Lipopolysaccharide also induced anhedonia, reflected by lower sucrose preference, and reduced locomotor activity. Both antagonists restored locomotor activity, but only BQ788 reversed the reduction of sucrose preference. These results indicate that ET-1 and both ETA and ETB receptors are involved in various responses that are related to sickness syndrome, including hyperalgesia, anhedonia, and hypolocomotion, that is induced by LPS. Hypothalamic ETA but not ETB receptors are involved in mechanical hyperalgesia that is observed during lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Alexandre Lomba
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Juliana Varella Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Correia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Aleksander Roberto Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamashiro LH, de Souza GEP, de Melo Soares D. Role of CINC-1 and CXCR2 receptors on LPS-induced fever in rats. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:301-311. [PMID: 30349936 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The classic model of fever induction is based on the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria in experimental animals. LPS-induced fever results in the synthesis/release of many mediators that assemble an LPS-fever cascade. We have previously demonstrated that cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) + chemokine, centrally administered to rats, induces fever and increases prostaglandin E2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. We now attempt to investigate the involvement of CINC-1 and its functional receptor CXCR2 on the fever induced by exogenous and endogenous pyrogens in rats. We also investigated the effect of reparixin, an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1/CXCR2 receptors, on fever induced by either systemic administration of LPS or intracerebroventricular injection of CINC-1, as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or ET-1, known mediators of febrile response. Our results show increased CINC-1 mRNA expression in the liver, hypothalamus, CSF, and plasma following LPS injection. Moreover, reparixin administered right before CINC-1 or LPS abolished the fever induced by CINC-1 and significantly reduced the response induced by LPS. In spite of these results, reparixin does not modify the fever induced by IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, but significantly reduces ET-1-induced fever. Therefore, it is plausible to suggest that CINC-1 might contribute to LPS-induced fever in rats by activating CXCR2 receptor on the CNS. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that CINC-1 is placed upstream TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 among the prostaglandin-dependent fever-mediator cascade and amidst the prostaglandin-independent synthesis pathway of fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Harumi Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Glória Emília Petto de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis de Melo Soares
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão do Jeremoabo, no. 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Central fractalkine stimulates central prostaglandin E 2 production and induces systemic inflammatory responses. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:311-317. [PMID: 29870777 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN; CX3CL1) belongs to gamma-chemokine family and binds to CX3CR1 receptors. Currently, the mechanisms involving FKN-induced inflammatory mediators are research targets in an attempt to study immune diseases mechanisms. Besides, FKN seems to modulate inflammation in the nervous system by inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is a classic and important mediator of fever that activates warm-responsive neurons in the anteroventral preoptic region of the hypothalamus (AVPO). Here, we tested the hypothesis that central FKN modulates febrigenic signaling both centrally and peripherally. We performed intracerebroventricular (icv) microinjections of saline (1 μL) or FKN (doses of 5, 50, 500 pg/μL) in rats and measured body temperature (Tb) besides assessing tail skin temperature (Tsk) as a thermoeffector indicator used to calculate the heat loss index (HLI). We also measured the time course changes in AVPO PGE2, besides plasma corticosterone (CORT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. FKN induced a long lasting febrile response in which the highest dose (500 pg/μL) induced a marked rise on Tb that was accompanied by a reduced Tsk and HLI, consequently. FKN increased AVPO PGE2 production in a time-dependent manner besides increasing plasma CORT and IL-6 levels. Our data consistently indicate that FKN increases AVPO PGE2 production and Tb, accompanied by raised plasma IL-6 levels and activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Soares DDM, Santos DR, Rummel C, Ott D, Melo MCC, Roth J, Calixto JB, Souza GEP. The relevance of kalikrein-kinin system via activation of B 2 receptor in LPS-induced fever in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:84-96. [PMID: 28826826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the involvement of endogenous kallikrein-kinin system and the bradykinin (BK) B1 and B2 receptors on LPS- induced fever and the POA cells involved in this response. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats received either i.v. (1 mg/kg), i.c.v. (20 nmol) or i.h. (2 nmol) injections of icatibant (B2 receptor antagonist) 30 or 60 min, respectively, before the stimuli. DALBK (B1 receptor antagonist) was given either 15min before BK (i.c.v.) or 30 min before LPS (i.v.). Captopril (5 mg/kg, sc.,) was given 1 h prior LPS or BK. Concentrations of BK and total kininogenon CSF, plasma and tissue kallikrein were evaluated. Rectal temperatures (rT) were assessed by telethermometry. Ca++ signaling in POA cells was performed in rat pup brain tissue microcultures. RESULTS Icatibant reduced LPS fever while, captopril exacerbated that response, an effect abolished by icatibant. Icatibant (i.h.) reduced fever to BK (i.h.) but not that induced by LPS (i.v.). BK increased intracellular calcium concentration in neurons and astrocytes. LPS increased levels of bradykinin, tissue kallikrein and total kininogen. BK (i.c.v.) increased rT and decreased tail skin temperature. Captopril potentiated BK-induced fever an effect abolished by icatibant. DALBK reduced the fever induced by BK. BK (i.c.v.) increased the CSF PGE2concentration. Effect abolished by indomethacin (i.p.). CONCLUSIONS LPS activates endogenous kalikrein-kinin system leading to production of BK, which by acting on B2-receptors of POA cells causes prostaglandin synthesis that in turn produces fever. Thus, a kinin B2-receptor antagonist that enters into the brain could constitute a new and interesting strategy to treat fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis de Melo Soares
- Department of Medicament, Faculty of Pharmacy of Federal University of Bahia, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danielle R Santos
- Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Míriam C C Melo
- Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joachim Roth
- Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - João B Calixto
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Pharmacology, Department of Physic and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Malvar DDC, Aguiar FA, Vaz ADLL, Assis DCR, de Melo MCC, Jabor VAP, Kalapothakis E, Ferreira SH, Clososki GC, de Souza GEP. Dipyrone metabolite 4-MAA induces hypothermia and inhibits PGE2 -dependent and -independent fever while 4-AA only blocks PGE2 -dependent fever. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3666-79. [PMID: 24712707 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The antipyretic and hypothermic prodrug dipyrone prevents PGE2 -dependent and -independent fever induced by LPS from Escherichia coli and Tityus serrulatus venom (Tsv) respectively. We aimed to identify the dipyrone metabolites responsible for the antipyretic and hypothermic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were treated i.p. with indomethacin (2 mg·kg(-1) ), dipyrone, 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA), 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) (60-360 mg·kg(-1) ), 4-formylaminoantipyrine, 4-acethylaminoantipyrine (120-360 mg·kg(-1) ) or vehicle 30 min before i.p. injection of LPS (50 μg·kg(-1) ), Tsv (150 μg·kg(-1) ) or saline. Rectal temperatures were measured by tele-thermometry and dipyrone metabolite concentrations determined in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus by LC-MS/MS. PGE2 concentrations were determined in the CSF and hypothalamus by elisa. KEY RESULTS In contrast to LPS, Tsv-induced fever was not followed by increased PGE2 in the CSF or hypothalamus. The antipyretic time-course of 4-MAA and 4-AA on LPS-induced fever overlapped with the period of the highest concentrations of 4-MAA and 4-AA in the hypothalamus, CSF and plasma. These metabolites reduced LPS-induced fever and the PGE2 increase in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus. Only 4-MAA inhibited Tsv-induced fever. The higher doses of dipyrone and 4-MAA also induced hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The presence of 4-MAA and 4-AA in the CSF and hypothalamus was associated with PGE2 synthesis inhibition and a decrease in LPS-induced fever. 4-MAA was also shown to be an antipyretic metabolite for PGE2 -independent fever induced by Tsv suggesting that it is responsible for the additional antipyretic mechanism of dipyrone. Moreover, 4-MAA is the hypothermic metabolite of dipyrone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David do C Malvar
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zampronio AR, Soares DM, Souza GEP. Central mediators involved in the febrile response: effects of antipyretic drugs. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:506-21. [PMID: 27227071 PMCID: PMC4843933 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fever is a complex signal of inflammatory and infectious diseases. It is generally initiated when peripherally produced endogenous pyrogens reach areas that surround the hypothalamus. These peripheral endogenous pyrogens are cytokines that are produced by leukocytes and other cells, the most known of which are interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Because of the capacity of these molecules to induce their own synthesis and the synthesis of other cytokines, they can also be synthesized in the central nervous system. However, these pyrogens are not the final mediators of the febrile response. These cytokines can induce the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2, which produces prostaglandins. These prostanoids alter hypothalamic temperature control, leading to an increase in heat production, the conservation of heat, and ultimately fever. The effect of antipyretics is based on blocking prostaglandin synthesis. In this review, we discuss recent data on the importance of prostaglandins in the febrile response, and we show that some endogenous mediators can still induce the febrile response even when known antipyretics reduce the levels of prostaglandins in the central nervous system. These studies suggest that centrally produced mediators other than prostaglandins participate in the genesis of fever. Among the most studied central mediators of fever are corticotropin-releasing factor, endothelins, chemokines, endogenous opioids, and substance P, which are discussed herein. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that these different pathways of fever induction may be activated during different pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology; Biological Sciences Section; Federal University of Paraná ; Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Denis M Soares
- Department of Medicament; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Bahia ; Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Discipline of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo ; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zampronio AR, Soares DM, Souza GEP. Central mediators involved in the febrile response: effects of antipyretic drugs. Temperature (Austin) 2015. [PMID: 27227071 DOI: 10.1080/23328940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever is a complex signal of inflammatory and infectious diseases. It is generally initiated when peripherally produced endogenous pyrogens reach areas that surround the hypothalamus. These peripheral endogenous pyrogens are cytokines that are produced by leukocytes and other cells, the most known of which are interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Because of the capacity of these molecules to induce their own synthesis and the synthesis of other cytokines, they can also be synthesized in the central nervous system. However, these pyrogens are not the final mediators of the febrile response. These cytokines can induce the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2, which produces prostaglandins. These prostanoids alter hypothalamic temperature control, leading to an increase in heat production, the conservation of heat, and ultimately fever. The effect of antipyretics is based on blocking prostaglandin synthesis. In this review, we discuss recent data on the importance of prostaglandins in the febrile response, and we show that some endogenous mediators can still induce the febrile response even when known antipyretics reduce the levels of prostaglandins in the central nervous system. These studies suggest that centrally produced mediators other than prostaglandins participate in the genesis of fever. Among the most studied central mediators of fever are corticotropin-releasing factor, endothelins, chemokines, endogenous opioids, and substance P, which are discussed herein. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that these different pathways of fever induction may be activated during different pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology; Biological Sciences Section; Federal University of Paraná ; Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Denis M Soares
- Department of Medicament; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Bahia ; Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Discipline of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo ; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kanashiro A, Figueiredo MJ, Malvar DDC, Souza GEP. Cytokines, but not corticotropin-releasing factor and endothelin-1, participate centrally in the febrile response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1610:12-9. [PMID: 25819555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature has revealed that centrally generated prostaglandins participate in the febrile response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. However, it is not clear whether other centrally acting pyrogenic mediators such as cytokines, endothelins (ETs), and the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contribute to the febrile response in this model. In the present study, rats were pretreated with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of soluble TNF receptor I (sTNFRI), recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), anti-rat IL-6 monoclonal antibody (AbIL-6), α-helical CRF9-41 (a nonselective CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist), BQ-123 (an ETA receptor antagonist), BQ-788 (an ETB receptor antagonist), and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF, control) prior to an intra-articular zymosan (4 mg) injection. Rectal temperatures were measured with a telethermometer. The administration of IL-1ra (200 µg), sTNFRI (500 ng), and AbIL-6 (5 µg) attenuated body temperature elevations after a zymosan injection. The administration of BQ-788 (3 pmol), BQ-123 (3 pmol), and α-helical CRF9-41 (25 µg) did not affect the zymosan-induced febrile response. All the compounds used to pretreat the animals did not significantly alter their basal body temperatures. Together, the results here demonstrate that the febrile response in zymosan-induced arthritis in rats depends on the centrally acting pyrogenic cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but does not depend on either CRF or ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kanashiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria J Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - David do C Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiologic Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465/Km 07, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Glória E P Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chuang HC, Hsueh TW, Chang CC, Hwang JS, Chuang KJ, Yan YH, Cheng TJ. Nickel-regulated heart rate variability: The roles of oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:298-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Martins JM, Longhi-Balbinot DT, Soares DM, Figueiredo MJ, Malvar DDC, de Melo MCC, Rae GA, Souza GEP. Involvement of PGE2and RANTES inStaphylococcus aureus-induced fever in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1456-65. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00936.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the involvement of prostaglandins and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), in fever induced by live Staphylococcus aureus (no. 25923, American Type Culture Collection) injection in rats. S. aureus was injected intraperitoneally at 109, 1010, and 2 × 1010colony-forming units (CFU)/cavity, and body temperature (Tb) was measured by radiotelemetry. The lowest dose of S. aureus induced a modest transient increase in Tb, whereas the two higher doses promoted similar long-lasting and sustained Tbincreases. Thus, the 1010CFU/cavity dose was chosen for the remaining experiments. The Tbincrease induced by S. aureus was accompanied by significant decreases in tail skin temperature and increases in PGE2levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and hypothalamus but not in the venous plasma. Celecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, 2.5 mg/kg po) inhibited the fever and the increases in PGE2concentration in the CSF and hypothalamus induced by S. aureus. Dipyrone (120 mg/kg ip) reduced the fever from 2.5 to 4 h and the PGE2increase in the CSF but not in the hypothalamus. S. aureus increased RANTES in the peritoneal exudate but not in the CSF or hypothalamus. Met-RANTES (100 μg/kg iv), a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR)1/CCR5 antagonist, reduced the first 6 h of fever induced by S. aureus. This study suggests that peripheral (local) RANTES and central PGE2production are key events in the febrile response to live S. aureus injection. As dipyrone does not reduce PGE2synthesis in the hypothalamus, it is plausible that S. aureus induces fever, in part, via a dipyrone-sensitive PGE2-independent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano M. Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Daniela T. Longhi-Balbinot
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Denis M. Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Maria José Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - David do C. Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Miriam C. C. de Melo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Giles A. Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glória E. P. Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zarpelon AC, Pinto LG, Cunha TM, Vieira SM, Carregaro V, Souza GR, Silva JS, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Verri WA. Endothelin-1 induces neutrophil recruitment in adaptive inflammation via TNFα and CXCL1/CXCR2 in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:187-99. [PMID: 22320712 DOI: 10.1139/y11-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin mediates neutrophil recruitment during innate inflammation. Herein we address whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in neutrophil recruitment in adaptive inflammation in mice, and its mechanisms. Pharmacological treatments were used to determine the role of endothelin in neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneal cavity of mice challenged with antigen (ovalbumin) or ET-1. Levels of ET-1, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutrophil migration and flow cytometry analyses were performed 4 h after the intraperitoneal stimulus. ET-1 induced dose-dependent neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneal cavity. Treatment with the non-selective ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist bosentan, and selective ET(A) or ET(B) receptor antagonists BQ-123 or BQ-788, respectively, inhibited ET-1- and ovalbumin-induced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity. In agreement with the above, the antigen challenge significantly increased levels of ET-1 in peritoneal exudates. The ET-1- and ovalbumin-induced neutrophil recruitment were reduced in TNFR1 deficient mice, and by treatments targeting CXCL1 or CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2); further, treatment with bosentan, BQ-123, or BQ-788 inhibited ET-1- and antigen-induced production of TNFα and CXCL1. Furthermore, ET-1 and ovalbumin challenge induced an increase in the number of cells expressing the Gr1(+) markers in the granulocyte gate, CD11c(+) markers in the monocyte gate, and CD4(+) and CD45(+) (B220) markers in the lymphocyte gate in an ET(A)- and ET(B)-dependent manner, as determined by flow cytometry analysis, suggesting that ET-1 might be involved in the recruitment of neutrophils and other cells in adaptive inflammation. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that ET-1 is an important mediator for neutrophil recruitment in adaptive inflammation via TNFα and CXCL1/CXCR2-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Zarpelon
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR445 KM380, 86051-990, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Febrile response induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats: involvement of prostaglandin E2 and cytokines. Med Microbiol Immunol 2011; 201:219-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
14
|
Reis R, Brito H, Fraga D, Cabrini D, Zampronio A. Central substance P NK1 receptors are involved in fever induced by LPS but not by IL-1β and CCL3/MIP-1α in rats. Brain Res 2011; 1384:161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Malvar DDC, Soares DM, Fabrício ASC, Kanashiro A, Machado RR, Figueiredo MJ, Rae GA, de Souza GEP. The antipyretic effect of dipyrone is unrelated to inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis in the hypothalamus. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1401-9. [PMID: 21133897 PMCID: PMC3058171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces fever through two parallel pathways; one, prostaglandin (PG)-dependent and the other, PG-independent and involving endothelin-1 (ET-1). For a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dipyrone exerts antipyresis, we have investigated its effects on fever and changes in PGE(2) content in plasma, CSF and hypothalamus induced by either LPS or ET-1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were given (i.p.) dipyrone (120 mg·kg(-1)) or indomethacin (2 mg·kg(-1)) 30 min before injection of LPS (5 µg·kg(-1), i.v.) or ET-1 (1 pmol, i.c.v.). Rectal temperature was measured by tele-thermometry. PGE(2) levels were determined in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus by elisa. KEY RESULTS LPS or ET-1 induced fever and increased CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) levels. Two hours after LPS, indomethacin reduced CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) but did not inhibit fever, while at 3 h it reduced all three parameters. Three hours after ET-1, indomethacin inhibited the increase in CSF and hypothalamic PGE(2) levels but did not affect fever. Dipyrone abolished both the fever and the increased CSF PGE(2) levels induced by LPS or ET-1 but did not affect the increased hypothalamic PGE(2) levels. Dipyrone also reduced the increase in the venous plasma PGE(2) concentration induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings confirm that PGE(2) does not play a relevant role in ET-1-induced fever. They also demonstrate for the first time that the antipyretic effect of dipyrone was not mechanistically linked to the inhibition of hypothalamic PGE(2) synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David do C Malvar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Increase of core temperature induced by corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin: A comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 165:191-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
De Almeida Barros TA, De Freitas LAR, Filho JMB, Nunes XP, Giulietti AM, De Souza GE, Dos Santos RR, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of 7-hydroxycoumarin in experimental animal models: potential therapeutic for the control of inflammatory chronic pain. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:205-13. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.02.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In the present study we investigated the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) in animal models.
Methods
The effects of oral 7-HC were tested against acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin test, tail flick test, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hypernociception, carrageenan-induced paw oedema, lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and the rota rod test.
Key findings
7-HC (3–60 mg/kg) produced a dose-related antinociception against acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and in the formalin test. In contrast, treatment with 7-HC did not prevent thermal nociception in the tail flick test. A single treatment with 7-HC, 60 mg/kg, produced a long-lasting antinociceptive effect against CFA-induced hypernociception, a chronic inflammatory pain stimulus. Notably, at 60 mg/kg per day over 4 days the administration of 7-HC produced a continuous antinociceptive effect against CFA-induced hypernociception. 7-HC (30–120 mg/kg) produced anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects against carrageenan-induced inflammation and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever, respectively. Moreover, 7-HC was found to be safe with respect to ulcer induction. In the rota rod test, 7-HC-treated mice did not show any motor performance alterations.
Conclusions
The prolonged antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of 7-HC, in association with its low ulcerogenic activity, indicate that this molecule might be a good candidate for development of new drugs for the control of chronic inflammatory pain and fever.
Collapse
|
18
|
Soares DM, Figueiredo MJ, Martins JM, Machado RR, Kanashiro A, Malvar DDC, Pessini AC, Roth J, Souza GEP. CCL3/MIP-1α is not involved in the LPS-induced fever and its pyrogenic activity depends on CRF. Brain Res 2009; 1269:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
Hauber Gameiro G, Nouer DF, Pereira Neto JS, Siqueira VC, Andrade ED, Duarte Novaes P, Veiga MCF. Effects of short- and long-term celecoxib on orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2008; 78:860-5. [PMID: 18298225 DOI: 10.2319/100207-474.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that short- and long-term celecoxib administration has no effect on orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were submitted to short- (3 days) and long-term (14 days) celecoxib administration, while the respective control groups received equivolumetric saline intraperitoneal injections. The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially for 14 days by a fixed orthodontic appliance exerting 50 g force upon insertion. After the experimental period, tooth movement was quantified and tissues around the first molar were processed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry. The amount of tooth movement and the number of TRAP-positive cells on the alveolar bone surface were evaluated. RESULTS The amount of tooth movement was significantly reduced in rats submitted to short- and long-term celecoxib administration, while the number of osteoclasts on the alveolar bone did not differ between the four groups studied. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis is rejected. Although celecoxib administration did not affect the number of osteoclasts, the osteoclast activity might be reduced, which could explain the inhibition of tooth movement observed in the celecoxib-treated animals. These results indicate that orthodontists should be aware of patients under short- and long-term therapy with celecoxib.
Collapse
|
20
|
Immune-to-brain signalling: the role of cerebral CD163-positive macrophages. Neurosci Lett 2008; 448:41-6. [PMID: 18852025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation induces cytokine synthesis within the central nervous system. This results in sickness behaviour and may exacerbate ongoing neuroinflammatory disease. The precise mechanisms underlying the relay of signal from the periphery to the central nervous system are not entirely understood. CD163-positive macrophages occupy a unique position at the blood-brain barrier and upregulate prostaglandin-synthesizing enzymes in response to systemic inflammation. This finding suggests that they might play a role in signalling inflammation to the central nervous system. However, here we demonstrate that de novo brain cytokine transcription during systemic endotoxaemia may be prostaglandin-independent. We therefore set out to interrogate more directly the role of CD163-positive macrophages in immune-to-brain signalling. Intracerebroventricular injections of clodronate liposomes were used to selectively deplete CD163-positive macrophages. We show that de novo brain cytokine synthesis during systemic endotoxaemia persists in the absence of CD163-positive macrophages. Cerebral endothelial cells outnumber CD163-positive macrophages and are arguably better situated to signal circulating inflammatory stimuli to the brain.
Collapse
|
21
|
Soares DM, Machado RR, Yamashiro LH, Melo MC, Souza GE. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 induces fever by a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism in rats. Brain Res 2008; 1233:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Gameiro GH, Nouer DF, Pereira-Neto JS, de Arajo Magnani MBB, de Andrade ED, Novaes PD, de Arruda Veiga MCF. Histological analysis of orthodontic root resorption in rats treated with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib. Orthod Craniofac Res 2008; 11:156-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Inflammatory responses after endothelin B (ETB) receptor activation in human monocytes: new evidence for beneficial anti-inflammatory potency of ETB-receptor antagonism. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 21:533-9. [PMID: 18295521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) stimulates potent ETA/ETB receptors important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and fibrosis. Though therapy with ET-receptor antagonists is well established uncertainty exists whether selective ETA or dual ETA/ETB-receptor antagonism is superior in PAH. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the pro-inflammatory effects of ET-1 on ETB receptors in cultured human monocytes (10(5)/20 h) compared with non-specific stimulation with LPS in vitro and to define the antagonizing effects of bosentan, a dual ETA/ETB-receptor antagonist, on inflammatory mediator production. We further hypothesized that ETB-receptor antagonism reduces the requirement of PGE2 to control inflammatory mediator production. Activation of the monocyte ETB subtype by ET (1 ng/ml) concentration-dependently stimulated TNF-alpha (744%) >PGE2 (570%) > IL-1 beta (112%) and had no effect on 5-lipoxygenase metabolism. Compared with ET a different profile of IL-1 beta >TNF-alpha >PGE2 was induced by LPS. ETB-receptor antagonism attenuated ET- and LPS-responses in monocytes, in particular of TNF-alpha and PGE2 to a similar extend (40%) that were only demonstrable following LPS at therapeutic plasma concentrations of bosentan and had no effect on IL-1 beta. Inhibition of ETB receptors in LPS-stimulated monocytes by bosentan was responded with suppression of PGE2 and increased production of leukotrienes indicating strong effects in the cyclooxygenase pathway that is known to control cellular ET transcription. These data suggest an important signaling pathway between ET-induced cytokine production following ETB-receptor activation with no further control of ET transcription by PGE2 required following ETB receptor antagonism. Therefore, in states of inflammation increased ETB-receptor expression and activation mediated by elevated ET concentrations may be an underestimated mechanism, which warrants the application of combined ETA/ETB-receptor antagonists.
Collapse
|
24
|
Doucet MY, Bertone AL, Hendrickson D, Hughes F, MacAllister C, McClure S, Reinemeyer C, Rossier Y, Sifferman R, Vrins AA, White G, Kunkle B, Alva R, Romano D, Hanson PD. Comparison of efficacy and safety of paste formulations of firocoxib and phenylbutazone in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:91-7. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Voss T, Barth SW, Rummel C, Gerstberger R, Hübschle T, Roth J. STAT3 and COX-2 activation in the guinea-pig brain during fever induced by the Toll-like receptor-3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 328:549-61. [PMID: 17345100 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intra-arterial injections of synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, PIPC) at a dose of 500 microg/kg evoked pronounced fever in guinea-pigs. PIPC-induced fever could be antagonized by treatment with the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor diclofenac and was, in part, attenuated by the administration of the selective COX-2-inhibitor nimesulide (dose: 5 mg/kg for both COX inhibitors). We further investigated whether direct activation of brain cells during PIPC-induced fever could be demonstrated. Using radioactive in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that treatment with PIPC resulted in an upregulation of COX-2 and interleukin-1 beta mRNA in the guinea-pig brain. Thus, COX-2-specific hybridization signals seemed to be mainly associated with brain blood vessels. Intra-arterial injections of PIPC further induced the pronounced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor STAT3 in the endothelium of various fore- and hindbrain areas and in the meninges. In brain structures that lacked a tight blood-brain barrier, i.e. the sensory circumventricular organs (area postrema, vascular organ of laminae terminalis, subfornical organ), the astrocytes and a population of still undetermined cellular phenotype also showed marked STAT3 activation in response to PIPC. The Toll-like receptor-3 agonist PIPC therefore caused a similar activation of brain cells as that reported for other experimental models of systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Voss
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pessini AC, Santos DR, Arantes EC, Souza GEP. Mediators involved in the febrile response induced by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats. Toxicon 2006; 48:556-66. [PMID: 16911816 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 06/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tityus serrulatus venom (Tsv) was intraperitoneally (ip) injected at doses of 75, 150 and 300mug/kg and IL-1beta (2.0 microg/kg) was given intravenously (iv) to male Wistar rats. Rectal temperature was measured by radiotelemetry. Vagotomy was performed according to Bluthe et al. [1994. Lipopolysaccharide induces sickness behaviour in rats by a vagal mediated mechanism. C R Acad. Sci. 317(6), 499-503]. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peritoneal fluid (PF) levels of bradykinin (BK) were measured by ELISA. B(1) (des-Arg(9)-[Leu(8)]-BK; DALBK) and B(2) kinin receptor (icatibant) antagonists (1.0 mg/kg each), the induced nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine (50.0 mg/kg), the neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (30.0 mg/kg), the dual cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen (10.0 mg/kg), the selective interleukin-1 receptor antagonist IL-ra (2.0 mg/kg) and dipyrone (120 mg/kg) were given ip. Celecoxib (5 mg/kg) was given per os (po). Tsv at doses of 75 microg/kg evoked no change in rectal temperature while at doses of 150 and 300 microg/kg it promoted long-lasting fever (2 degrees C+/-0.1). Tsv (150 microg/kg) increased by nearly 3 and 5 times, respectively BK concentration in the CSF and in the PF. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or 7-nitroindazole reduced, icatibant, DALBK, IL-1ra, aminoguanidine and dipyrone abolished, while ibuprofen and celecoxib failed to affect Tsv-induced fever. These results suggest that PGs do not play a relevant role, whereas, kinins via their B(1) and B(2) receptors, IL-1, nitric oxide and vagal neurotransmission are involved in Tsv-induced fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa C Pessini
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Cincias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. do Café, s/n Campus USP, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fabricio ASC, Tringali G, Pozzoli G, Melo MC, Vercesi JA, Souza GEP, Navarra P. Interleukin-1 mediates endothelin-1-induced fever and prostaglandin production in the preoptic area of rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R1515-23. [PMID: 16455768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00604.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intracerebroventricular injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces fever and increases PG levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats. Likewise, the injection of IL-1 into the preoptic area (POA) of the rat hypothalamus causes both fever and increased PG production. In this study, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments in the rat to investigate 1) the hypothalamic region involved in ET-1-induced fever and PG biosynthesis and 2) whether hypothalamic IL-1 plays a role as a mediator of the above ET-1 activities. One hundred femtomoles of ET-1 increased body temperature when injected in the POA of conscious Wistar rats; this effect was significantly counteracted by the coinjection of 600 pmol IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). In experiments on rat hypothalamic explants, 100 nM ET-1 caused a significant increase in PGE2 production and release from the whole hypothalamus and from the isolated POA, but not from the retrochiasmatic region, in 1-h incubations. Six nanomoles of IL-1ra or 10 nM of a cell-permeable interleukin-1 converting enzyme inhibitor completely counteracted the effect of ET-1 on PGE2 release from the POA. One hundred nanomoles ET-1 also caused a significant increase in IL-1beta immunoreactivity released into the bath solution of hypothalamic explants after 1 h of incubation, although during such time ET-1 failed to modify the gene expression of IL-1beta and other pyrogenic cytokines within the hypothalamus. In conclusion, our results show that ET-1 increases IL-1 production in the POA, and this effect appears to be correlated to ET-1-induced fever in vivo, as well as to PG production in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline S C Fabricio
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F. Vito 1 - 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fabricio ASC, Rae GA, Zampronio AR, D'Orléans-Juste P, Souza GEP. Central endothelin ETBreceptors mediate IL-1-dependent fever induced by preformed pyrogenic factor and corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R164-71. [PMID: 16123229 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00337.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of central endothelin ETBreceptors inhibits fever induced by LPS in conscious rats. The contribution of ETBreceptor-mediated mechanisms to fever triggered by intracerebroventricular IL-6, PGE2, PGF2α, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and preformed pyrogenic factor derived from LPS-stimulated macrophages (PFPF) was examined. The influence of natural IL-1 receptor antagonist or soluble TNF receptor I on endothelin (ET)-1-induced fever was also assessed. The selective ETBreceptor antagonist BQ-788 (3 pmol icv) abolished fever induced by intracerebroventricular ET-1 (1 pmol) or PFPF (200 ng) and reduced that caused by ICV CRF (1 nmol) but not by IL-6 (14.6 pmol), PGE2(1.4 nmol), or PGF2α(2 nmol). CRF-induced fever was also attenuated by bosentan (dual ETA/ETBreceptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg iv) but unaffected by BQ-123 (selective ETAreceptor antagonist; 3 pmol icv). α-Helical CRF9–41(dual CRF1/CRF2receptor antagonist; 6.5 nmol icv) attenuated fever induced by CRF but not by ET-1. Human IL-1 receptor antagonist (9.1 pmol) markedly reduced fever to IL-1β (180 fmol) or ET-1 and attenuated that caused by PFPF or CRF. Murine soluble TNF receptor I (23.8 pmol) reduced fever to TNF-α (14.7 pmol) but not to ET-1. The results of the present study suggest that PFPF and CRF recruit the brain ET system to cause ETBreceptor-mediated IL-1-dependent fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline S C Fabricio
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n-Campus USP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pittman QJ. Endothelin–an emerging role in proinflammatory pathways in brain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R162-3. [PMID: 16352859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00650.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin J Pittman
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada .
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
DiMicco JA, Zaretsky DV. The mysterious role of prostaglandin E2 in the medullary raphé: a hot topic or not? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 289:R1589-91. [PMID: 16278341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00628.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
de Bortoli VC, Zangrossi Júnior H, de Aguiar Corrêa FM, Almeida SDS, de Oliveira AM. Inhibitory avoidance memory retention in the elevated T-maze is impaired after perivascular manipulation of the common carotid arteries. Life Sci 2005; 76:2103-14. [PMID: 15826877 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/09/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular manipulation promoted by the positioning of a silicone collar around the common carotid arteries causes local inflammation and has been suggested as an animal model of atherosclerosis. This manipulation induces biochemical and morphological changes that are similar to those observed in the early stage of atherosclerosis in humans. Based on evidences showing that atherosclerosis is associated with cognitive deficits in humans, we presently investigated the temporal consequences of the bilateral positioning of silicone collars around the common carotid arteries (n = 15) on inhibitory avoidance memory retention in male Wistar rats tested in the elevated T-maze. The effects of this procedure were compared to those observed in sham-operated animals (n = 15) and to those observed in animals submitted to permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (n = 16). Additionally we studied the effects of the pretreatment with the non-selective anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (n = 13) or the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (n = 12) and compared the effects to those of the pretreatment with vehicle (n = 11). The results showed that the silicone collar implants induced deficits in memory retention when animals were tested 2 and 4, but not 15 or 30, days after surgery. Permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries impaired avoidance retention up to 30 days after surgery. Pretreatment with indomethacin (2 mg/kg/day) or celecoxib (5 mg/kg/day) post surgery and up to 3 days thereafter did not prevent memory deficits caused by silicone collar implants. Our data suggest that the prostanoids that participate in the inflammatory process triggered by the placement of the silicone collar do not seem responsible for the deficit in memory retention observed during the first days after collar placement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria Camin de Bortoli
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|