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Kim A, Madara JC, Wu C, Andermann ML, Lowell BB. Neural basis for regulation of vasopressin secretion by anticipated disturbances in osmolality. eLife 2021; 10:66609. [PMID: 34585668 PMCID: PMC8601670 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Water balance, tracked by extracellular osmolality, is regulated by feedback and feedforward mechanisms. Feedback regulation is reactive, occurring as deviations in osmolality are detected. Feedforward or presystemic regulation is proactive, occurring when disturbances in osmolality are anticipated. Vasopressin (AVP) is a key hormone regulating water balance and is released during hyperosmolality to limit renal water excretion. AVP neurons are under feedback and feedforward regulation. Not only do they respond to disturbances in blood osmolality, but they are also rapidly suppressed and stimulated, respectively, by drinking and eating, which will ultimately decrease and increase osmolality. Here, we demonstrate that AVP neuron activity is regulated by multiple anatomically and functionally distinct neural circuits. Notably, presystemic regulation during drinking and eating are mediated by non-overlapping circuits that involve the lamina terminalis and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, respectively. These findings reveal neural mechanisms that support differential regulation of AVP release by diverse behavioral and physiological stimuli. Fine-tuning the amount of water present in the body at any given time is a tight balancing act. The hormone vasopressin helps to ensure that organisms do not get too dehydrated by allowing water in the urine to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. A group of vasopressin neurons in the brain trigger the release of the hormone if water levels get too low (as reflected by an increase in osmolality, the level of substances dissolved in a unit of blood). However, these cells also receive additional information that allows them to predict and respond to upcoming changes in water levels. For example, drinking water while dehydrated ‘switches off’ the neurons, even before osmolality is restored in the blood to normal levels. Eating, on the other hand, rapidly activates vasopressin neurons before the food is digested and blood osmolality increases as a result. How vasopressin neurons receive this ‘anticipatory’ information remains unclear. Kim et al. explored this question in mice by inhibiting different sets of brain cells one by one, and then examining whether the neurons could still exhibit anticipatory responses. This revealed a remarkable division of labor in the neural circuits that regulate vasopressin neurons: two completely different sets of neurons from distinct areas of the brain are dedicated to relaying anticipatory information about either water or food intake. These findings help to understand how healthy levels of water can be maintained in the body. Overall, they give a glimpse into the neural mechanisms that underlie anticipatory forms of regulation, which can also take place when hunger or thirst neurons ‘foresee’ that food or water will be consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Chen Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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Korpal AK, Han SY, Schwenke DO, Brown CH. A switch from GABA inhibition to excitation of vasopressin neurons exacerbates the development angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 30. [PMID: 29222949 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic magnocellular neurons secrete vasopressin into the systemic circulation to maintain blood pressure by increasing renal water reabsorption and by vasoconstriction. When blood pressure rises, baroreflex activation normally inhibits vasopressin neurons via activation of GABAergic inputs. However, plasma vasopressin levels are paradoxically elevated in several models of hypertension and in some patients with essential hypertension, despite increased blood pressure. We have previously shown that vasopressin neuron activity is increased early in the development of moderate angiotensin II-dependent hypertension via blunted baroreflex inhibition of vasopressin neurons. Here, we show that antagonism of vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction slows the development of hypertension and that local administration of a GABAA receptor antagonist inhibits vasopressin neurons during, but not before, the onset of hypertension. Taken together, our data suggest that vasopressin exacerbates the increase in blood pressure evident early in the development hypertension and that blunted baroreflex inhibition of vasopressin neurons is underpinned by an excitatory shift in their response to endogenous GABA signalling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Korpal
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for, Neuroendocrinology University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Heart Otago and University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Su Young Han
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for, Neuroendocrinology University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Heart Otago and University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Heart Otago and University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Colin H Brown
- Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for, Neuroendocrinology University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Heart Otago and University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Choe KY, Trudel E, Bourque CW. Effects of Salt Loading on the Regulation of Rat Hypothalamic Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells by Ionotropic GABA and Glycine Receptors. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26833894 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic and extrasynaptic transmission mediated by ionotropic GABA and glycine receptors plays a critical role in shaping the action potential firing (spiking) activity of hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells and therefore determines the rate at which vasopressin and oxytocin are released from the neurohypophysis. The inhibitory effect of these transmitters relies on the maintenance of a low concentration of intracellular chloride ions such that, when activated by GABA or glycine, a hyperpolarisation of the neuronal membrane potential results. In this review, we highlight the various ways by which the two types of inhibitory receptors contribute to homeostasis by fine-tuning the spiking rate of vasopressin-releasing magnocellular neurosecretory cells in a manner dependent on the hydration state of the animal. In addition, we review the currently available evidence on how the strength of these inhibitory pathways can be regulated during chronic hypernatraemia via a form of activity-dependent depolarisation of the chloride reversal potential, leading to an abolition of these inhibitory pathways potentially causing sodium-dependent elevations in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Choe
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - E Trudel
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - C W Bourque
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Sladek CD, Michelini LC, Stachenfeld NS, Stern JE, Urban JH. Endocrine‐Autonomic Linkages. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1281-323. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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de Souza Mecawi A, Ruginsk SG, Elias LLK, Varanda WA, Antunes‐Rodrigues J. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Hydromineral Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1465-516. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ruginsk SG, Vechiato FMV, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. The endocannabinoid system and the neuroendocrine control of hydromineral balance. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:370-6. [PMID: 24750469 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECBs) are ubiquitous lipophilic agents, and this characteristic is consistent with the wide range of homeostatic functions attributed to the ECB system. There is an increasing number of studies showing that the ECB system affects neurotransmission within the hypothalamic neurohypophyseal system. We provide an overview of the primary roles of ECBs in the modulation of neuroendocrine function and, specifically, in the control of hydromineral homeostasis. Accordingly, the general aspects of ECB-mediated signalling, as well as the specific contributions of the central component of the ECB system to the integration of behavioural and endocrine responses that control body fluid homeostasis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ruginsk
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Potapenko ES, Biancardi VC, Florschutz RM, Ryu PD, Stern JE. Inhibitory-excitatory synaptic balance is shifted toward increased excitation in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of heart failure rats. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:1545-57. [PMID: 21697450 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00218.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established contribution of neurohumoral activation to morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients, relatively little is known about the underlying central nervous system mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to determine whether changes in GABAergic inhibitory and glutamatergic excitatory synaptic function contribute to altered hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cell (MNC) activity in HF rats. Patch-clamp recordings were obtained from MNCs in brain slices from sham and HF rats. Glutamate excitatory (EPSCs) and GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were simultaneously recorded, and changes in their strengths, as well as their interactions, were evaluated. We found a diminished GABAergic synaptic strength in MNCs of HF rats, reflected as faster decaying IPSCs and diminished mean IPSC charge transfer. Opposite changes were observed in glutamate EPSC synaptic strength, resulting in a shift in the GABA-glutamate balance toward a relatively stronger glutamate influence in HF rats. The prolongation of glutamate EPSCs during HF was mediated, at least in part, by an enhanced contribution of AMPA receptor desensitization to the EPSC decay time course. EPSC prolongation, and consequently increased unitary strength, resulted in a stronger AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory drive to firing discharge in MNCs of HF rats. Blockade of GABA(A) synaptic activity diminished the EPSC waveform variability observed among events in sham rats, an effect that was blunted in HF rats. Together, our results suggest that opposing changes in postsynaptic properties of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic function contribute to enhanced magnocellular neurosecretory activity in HF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Potapenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Knight WD, Ji LL, Little JT, Cunningham JT. Dehydration followed by sham rehydration contributes to reduced neuronal activation in vasopressinergic supraoptic neurons after water deprivation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1232-40. [PMID: 20844266 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00066.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This experiment tested the role of oropharyngeal and gastric afferents on hypothalamic activation in dehydrated rats instrumented with gastric fistulas and allowed to drink water or isotonic saline compared with euhydrated controls (CON). Rats were water-deprived for 48 h (48 WD) or 46 h WD with 2 h rehydration with water (46+W) or isotonic saline (46+S). 46+W and 46+S rats were given water with fistulas open (46+WO/46+SO, sham) or closed (46+WC/46+SC). Compared with CON, water deprivation increased and water rehydration decreased plasma osmolality, while sham rehydration had no effect. Water deprivation increased c-Fos staining in the lamina terminalis. However, none of the sham or rehydration treatments normalized c-Fos staining in the lamina terminalis. Analysis of AVP and c-Fos-positive neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) revealed reduced colocalization in 46+WO and 46+SC rats compared with 48 WD and 46+SO rats. However, 46+WO and 46+SC rats had higher c-Fos staining in the SON than 46+WC or CON rats. Examination of c-Fos in the perinuclear zone (PNZ) revealed that sham and rehydrated rats had increased c-Fos staining to CON, while 48 WD and 46+SO rats had little or no c-Fos staining in this region. Thus, preabsorptive reflexes contribute to the regulation of AVP neurons in a manner independent of c-Fos expression in the lamina terminalis. Further, this reflex pathway may include inhibitory interneurons in the PNZ region surrounding the SON.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Knight
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Instittute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
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Margatho LO, Giusti-Paiva A, Menani JV, Elias LLK, Vivas LM, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Serotonergic mechanisms of the lateral parabrachial nucleus in renal and hormonal responses to isotonic blood volume expansion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R1190-7. [PMID: 17138727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) in the control of sodium (Na+) excretion, potassium (K+) excretion, and urinary volume in unanesthetized rats subjected to acute isotonic blood volume expansion (0.15 M NaCl, 2 ml/100 g of body wt over 1 min) or control rats. Plasma oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (VP), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels were also determined in the same protocol. Male Wistar rats with stainless steel cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN were used. In rats treated with vehicle in the LPBN, blood volume expansion increased urinary volume, Na+ and K+ excretion, and also plasma ANP and OT. Bilateral injections of serotonergic receptor antagonist methysergide (1 or 4 μg/200 ηl) into the LPBN reduced the effects of blood volume expansion on increased Na+ and K+ excretion and urinary volume, while LPBN injections of serotonergic 5-HT2a/HT2c receptor agonist, 2.5-dimetoxi-4-iodoamphetamine hydrobromide (DOI; 1 or 5 μg/200 ηl) enhanced the effects of blood volume expansion on Na+ and K+ excretion and urinary volume. Methysergide (4 μg) into the LPBN decreased the effects of blood volume expansion on plasma ANP and OT, while DOI (5 μg) increased them. The present results suggest the involvement of LPBN serotonergic mechanisms in the regulation of urinary sodium, potassium and water excretion, and hormonal responses to acute isotonic blood volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Oliveira Margatho
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto-Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Godino A, Giusti-Paiva A, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Vivas L. Neurochemical brain groups activated after an isotonic blood volume expansion in rats. Neuroscience 2005; 133:493-505. [PMID: 15885915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to establish the involvement of particular neurochemical brain groups in the response to blood volume expansion, we analyzed Fos-labeling in combination with immunolabeling for serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, vasopressin and oxytocin, 90 min after a sham or i.v. isotonic blood volume expansion (BVE) in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. We also examined the changes in concentration of oxytocin, atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin plasma, induced by blood volume load, to confirm our previous studies. The results demonstrate the participation of specific paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus groups of cells (oxytocinergic-vasopressinergic), serotoninergic dorsal raphe nucleus cells and catecholaminergic A1/A2/A6 groups (in the caudal ventrolateral medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract and locus coeruleus respectively), in the regulatory response to BVE. They provide detailed neuroanatomical evidence to support previous observations showing the contribution of these neurochemical systems in the neural, behavioral and endocrine response to isotonic BVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Godino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 389-5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Lohmeier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Lohmeier TE. Neurohumoral regulation of arterial pressure in hemorrhage and heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 283:R810-4. [PMID: 12228048 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00414.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Lohmeier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA.
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Cunningham JT, Bruno SB, Higgs KAN, Sullivan MJ. Intrapericardial procaine affects volume expansion-induced fos immunoreactivity in unanesthetized rats. Exp Neurol 2002; 174:181-92. [PMID: 11922660 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2002.7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute volume expansion is associated with a specific pattern of Fos expression and the goal of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of cardiac receptors to this response. Adult male rats were instrumented with pericardial catheters introduced at the level of the thymus. Rats were also catheterized for measuring blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, and intravenous infusion. Each rat received a 200-microl intrapericardial (i.p.c) injection of 2% procaine or 0.9% NaCl. Rats were then volume expanded with isotonic saline (10% body weight in 10 min) or given a control infusion (0.01 ml/min for 10 min). Ninety minutes after the start of the infusion, the rats were anesthetized and perfused transcardially. Their brains were sectioned and processed for Fos, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and oxytocin immunocytochemistry. Volume expansion plus i.p.c. saline produced a significant increase in Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract, the ventrolateral medulla, the area postrema, the locus coeruleus, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus, and oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. The i.p.c. procaine significantly blocked Fos expression produced by the volume expansion in the all of the regions examined except for the area postrema and the SON oxytocin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Physiology & the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Research Park, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Grindstaff RR, Cunningham JT. Cardiovascular regulation of vasopressin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. Exp Neurol 2001; 171:219-26. [PMID: 11573974 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2001.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the regulation of hypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin neurosecretory cells in the neural response to plasma volume expansion. Many questions remain unanswered regarding how an increase in volume affects neurohypophysial hormone secretion, what receptors are important in mediating this response, and which neural pathways are responsible for conveying the signal from those receptors to the hypothalamus. Plasma volume expansion activates regions of the central nervous system associated with inhibition of vasopressin release, oxytocin secretion, and inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity. Cardiac receptors, not arterial baroreceptors, are primarily responsible for activation of the regions associated with regulation of vasopressin secretion and sympathetic outflow. Other stimuli that as yet are undefined account for activation of oxytocin-secreting neurons. Electrophysiology experiments have measured the inhibition of vasopressin-secreting magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic nucleus by select stimulation of cardiac receptors in the caval-atrial junction. Further experiments suggest that the perinuclear zone, a population of neurons surrounding the supraoptic nucleus, is a necessary part of the pathway by which caval-atrial stretch decreases the excitability of vasopressin neurons. The perinuclear zone is also a necessary synapse for arterial baroreceptor-mediated inhibition of vasopressin neurons. This suggests that the neural pathways that inhibit vasopressin release in response to an increase in blood pressure and an increase in blood volume may overlap at the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus. Finally, the integration of various neural pathways activated by multiple receptors to ultimately determine the activity of magnocellular neurons and vasopressin secretion is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Grindstaff
- Department of Physiology and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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