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Jiang S, Su H. Cellular crosstalk of mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:288. [PMID: 37845726 PMCID: PMC10577991 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and imposes a heavy global economic burden; however, little is known about its complicated pathophysiology. Investigating the cellular crosstalk involved in DKD is a promising avenue for gaining a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the cellular crosstalk of podocytes and endothelial cells in DKD is better understood than that of mesangial cells (MCs) and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). As the significance of MCs and TECs in DKD pathophysiology has recently become more apparent, we reviewed the existing literature on the cellular crosstalk of MCs and TECs in the context of DKD to acquire a comprehensive understanding of their cellular communication. Insights into the complicated mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DKD would improve its early detection, care, and prognosis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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2
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Chen J, Xiao H, Xue R, Kumar V, Aslam R, Mehdi SF, Luo H, Malhotra A, Lan X, Singhal P. Nicotine exacerbates diabetic nephropathy through upregulation of Grem1 expression. Mol Med 2023; 29:92. [PMID: 37415117 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports indicate that smoking is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and the tobacco epidemic exacerbates kidney damage in patients with DN. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHOD In the present study, we used a diabetic mouse model to investigate the molecular mechanisms for nicotine-exacerbated DN. Twelve-week-old female mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a hyperglycemic diabetic model. After four months, the control and hyperglycemic diabetic mice were further divided into four groups (control, nicotine, diabetic mellitus, nicotine + diabetic mellitus) by intraperitoneal injection of nicotine or PBS. After two months, urine and blood were collected for kidney injury assay, and renal tissues were harvested for further molecular assays using RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies, we used siRNA to suppress Grem1 expression in human podocytes. Then we treated them with nicotine and high glucose to compare podocyte injury. RESULT Nicotine administration alone did not cause apparent kidney injury, but it significantly increased hyperglycemia-induced albuminuria, BUN, plasma creatinine, and the kidney tissue mRNA expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Results from RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that, compared to hyperglycemia or nicotine alone, the combination of nicotine treatment and hyperglycemia significantly increased the expression of Grem1 and worsened DN. In vitro experiments, suppression of Grem1 expression attenuated nicotine-exacerbated podocyte injury. CONCLUSION Grem1 plays a vital role in nicotine-exacerbated DN. Grem1 may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic smokers with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Chen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Syed Faizan Mehdi
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Huairong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Pravin Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Kim YC, Fattah H, Fu Y, Nespoux J, Vallon V. Expression of leptin receptor in renal tubules is sparse but implicated in leptin-dependent kidney gene expression and function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F544-F557. [PMID: 37102688 PMCID: PMC10228677 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00279.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin regulates energy balance via leptin receptors expressed in central and peripheral tissues, but little is known about leptin-sensitive kidney genes and the role of the tubular leptin receptor (Lepr) in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of Lepr splice variants A, B, and C revealed a ratio of ∼100:10:1 in the mouse kidney cortex and medulla, with medullary levels being ∼10 times higher. Leptin replacement in ob/ob mice for 6 days reduced hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and albuminuria, associated with normalization of kidney mRNA expression of molecular markers of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid synthesis, and megalin. Normalization of leptin for 7 h in ob/ob mice did not normalize hyperglycemia or albuminuria. Tubular knockdown of Lepr [Pax8-Lepr knockout (KO)] and in situ hybridization revealed a minor fraction of Lepr mRNA in tubular cells compared with endothelial cells. Nevertheless, Pax8-Lepr KO mice had lower kidney weight. Moreover, while HFD-induced hyperleptinemia, increases in kidney weight and glomerular filtration rate, and a modest blood pressure lowering effect were similar compared with controls, they showed a blunted rise in albuminuria. Use of Pax8-Lepr KO and leptin replacement in ob/ob mice identified acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase and gremlin 1 as tubular Lepr-sensitive genes that are increased and reduced by leptin, respectively. In conclusion, leptin deficiency may increase albuminuria via systemic metabolic effects that impinge on kidney megalin expression, whereas hyperleptinemia may induce albuminuria by direct tubular Lepr effects. Implications of Lepr variants and the novel tubular Lepr/acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase/gremlin 1 axis remain to be determined.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides new insights into kidney gene expression of leptin receptor splice variants, leptin-sensitive kidney gene expression, and the role of the leptin receptor in renal tubular cells for the response to diet-induced hyperleptinemia and obesity including albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chul Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Hadi Fattah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Yiling Fu
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Josselin Nespoux
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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4
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Grillo E, Ravelli C, Colleluori G, D'Agostino F, Domenichini M, Giordano A, Mitola S. Role of gremlin-1 in the pathophysiology of the adipose tissues. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:51-60. [PMID: 36155165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin-1 is a secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist playing a pivotal role in the regulation of tissue formation and embryonic development. Since its first identification in 1997, gremlin-1 has been shown to be a multifunctional factor involved in wound healing, inflammation, cancer and tissue fibrosis. Among others, the activity of gremlin-1 is mediated by its interaction with BMPs or with membrane receptors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Growing evidence has highlighted a central role of gremlin-1 in the homeostasis of the adipose tissue (AT). Of note, gremlin-1 is involved in AT dysfunction during type 2 diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) metabolic disorders. In this review we discuss recent findings on gremlin-1 involvement in AT biology, with particular attention to its role in metabolic diseases, to highlight its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Domenichini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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5
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Kobayashi H, Looker HC, Satake E, D’Addio F, Wilson JM, Saulnier PJ, Md Dom ZI, O’Neil K, Ihara K, Krolewski B, Badger HS, Petrazzuolo A, Corradi D, Galecki A, Wilson P, Najafian B, Mauer M, Niewczas MA, Doria A, Humphreys B, Duffin KL, Fiorina P, Nelson RG, Krolewski AS. Neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 is a circulating protein associated with progression to end-stage kidney disease in diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2109. [PMID: 35947673 PMCID: PMC9531292 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circulating proteins associated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are implicated in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). It remains to be comprehensively examined which of these proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD and its progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in humans. Using the SOMAscan proteomic platform, we measured concentrations of 25 TGF-β signaling family proteins in four different cohorts composed in total of 754 Caucasian or Pima Indian individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Of these 25 circulating proteins, we identified neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1, aliases DAN and DAND1), a small secreted protein known to inhibit members of the bone morphogenic protein family, to be most strongly and independently associated with progression to ESKD during 10-year follow-up in all cohorts. The extent of damage to podocytes and other glomerular structures measured morphometrically in 105 research kidney biopsies correlated strongly with circulating NBL1 concentrations. Also, in vitro exposure to NBL1 induced apoptosis in podocytes. In conclusion, circulating NBL1 may be involved in the disease process underlying progression to ESKD, and its concentration in circulation may identify subjects with diabetes at increased risk of progression to ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kobayashi
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Helen C. Looker
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eiichiro Satake
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca D’Addio
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università di Milano and Endocrinology Division ASST Sacco-FBF, Milan, Italy
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Diabetes and Complications Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pierre Jean. Saulnier
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- CHU Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Zaipul I. Md Dom
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristina O’Neil
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhito Ihara
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bozena Krolewski
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah S. Badger
- Diabetes and Complications Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adriana Petrazzuolo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università di Milano and Endocrinology Division ASST Sacco-FBF, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Parker Wilson
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Behzad Najafian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Mauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Monika A. Niewczas
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin L. Duffin
- Diabetes and Complications Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università di Milano and Endocrinology Division ASST Sacco-FBF, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G. Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Andrzej S. Krolewski
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Elemam NM, Malek AI, Mahmoud EE, El-Huneidi W, Talaat IM. Insights into the Role of Gremlin-1, a Bone Morphogenic Protein Antagonist, in Cancer Initiation and Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020301. [PMID: 35203511 PMCID: PMC8869528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin-1 is a biologically significant regulator known for its crucial role in tissue differentiation and embryonic development. Nevertheless, it has been reported that Gremlin-1 can exhibit its function through BMP dependent and independent pathways. Gremlin-1 has also been reported to be involved in organ fibrosis, which has been correlated to the development of other diseases, such as renal inflammation and diabetic nephropathy. Based on growing evidence, Gremlin-1 has recently been implicated in the initiation and progression of different types of cancers. Further, it contributes to the stemness state of cancer cells. Herein, we explore the recent findings on the role of Gremlin-1 in various cancer types, including breast, cervical, colorectal, and gastric cancers, as well as glioblastomas. Additionally, we highlighted the impact of Gremlin-1 on cellular processes and signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, it was suggested that Gremlin-1 might be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; (N.M.E.); (A.I.M.); (E.E.M.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Imadeddin Malek
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; (N.M.E.); (A.I.M.); (E.E.M.)
| | - Esraa Elaraby Mahmoud
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; (N.M.E.); (A.I.M.); (E.E.M.)
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; (N.M.E.); (A.I.M.); (E.E.M.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (W.E.-H.); (I.M.T.)
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; (N.M.E.); (A.I.M.); (E.E.M.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.E.-H.); (I.M.T.)
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7
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Epigenetic Modulation of Gremlin-1/NOTCH Pathway in Experimental Crescentic Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020121. [PMID: 35215234 PMCID: PMC8876310 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis is a devastating autoimmune disease that without early and properly treatment may rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease and death. Current immunosuppressive treatment provides limited efficacy and an important burden of adverse events. Epigenetic drugs are a source of novel therapeutic tools. Among them, bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors (iBETs) block the interaction between bromodomains and acetylated proteins, including histones and transcription factors. iBETs have demonstrated protective effects on malignancy, inflammatory disorders and experimental kidney disease. Recently, Gremlin-1 was proposed as a urinary biomarker of disease progression in human anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis. We have now evaluated whether iBETs could regulate Gremlin-1 in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis induced by nephrotoxic serum (NTS) in mice, a model resembling human crescentic glomerulonephritis. In NTS-injected mice, the iBET JQ1 inhibited renal Gremlin-1 overexpression and diminished glomerular damage, restoring podocyte numbers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated BRD4 enrichment of the Grem-1 gene promoter in injured kidneys, consistent with Gremlin-1 epigenetic regulation. Moreover, JQ1 blocked BRD4 binding and inhibited Grem-1 gene transcription. The beneficial effect of iBETs was also mediated by modulation of NOTCH pathway. JQ1 inhibited the gene expression of the NOTCH effectors Hes-1 and Hey-1 in NTS-injured kidneys. Our results further support the role for epigenetic drugs, such as iBETs, in the treatment of rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Jiang S, Luo M, Bai X, Nie P, Zhu Y, Cai H, Li B, Luo P. Cellular crosstalk of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:313-331. [PMID: 35041192 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Persistent proteinuria is an important feature of DKD, which is caused by the destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes are important components of the GFB, and their damage can be observed in the early stages of DKD. Recently, studies have found that crosstalk between cells directly affects DKD progression, which has prospective research significance. However, the pathways involved are complex and largely unexplored. Here, we review the literature on cellular crosstalk of GECs and podocytes in the context of DKD, and highlight specific gaps in the field to propose future research directions. Elucidating the intricates of such complex processes will help to further understand the pathogenesis of DKD and develop better prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ping Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hangxi Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Al-Regaiey KA, Habib SS, Alshamasi AR, Alnuwaybit AF, Alwhaibi BA, Alsulais NM, Alothman AI, Alomar FM, Iqbal M. Relationship of Plasma Gremlin 1 Levels with Body Adiposity and Glycemic Control in Saudi Female Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3429-3436. [PMID: 36353668 PMCID: PMC9639591 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s372146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gremlin 1 is a novel adipokine that plays an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate plasma levels of Gremlin 1 in diabetic and non-diabetic Saudi adult females and its correlation with body composition, glycemic control and lipid profile. METHODS A case-control study was conducted among 41 T2DM and 31 non-diabetic adult age matched females (controls). All patients underwent body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, with a commercially available body analyzer. Fasting venous samples were analyzed for glycemic markers and lipids, while plasma Gremlin 1 was measured by ELISA. The results were compared between the two groups and correlated with other anthropometric and adiposity parameters. RESULTS Gremlin 1 levels were elevated in T2DM patients (345 ± 26 ng/mL) when compared to control subjects (272 ± 16 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Diabetic patients having poor glycemic control had significantly higher Gremlin 1 levels (382 ± 34 ng/mL) compared to patients with good glycemic control (291 ± 37 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of Gremlin 1 with fat mass (r = 0.246, p = 0.012), HbA1C (r = 0.262, p = 0.008) and HOMA-IR index (r = 0.321, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates an important role of Gremlin 1 in glycemic control and body adiposity in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM. Gremlin 1 may emerge as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Khalid A Al-Regaiey; Muhammad Iqbal, Email ;
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R Alshamasi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alnuwaybit
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A Alwhaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif M Alsulais
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah I Alothman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Alomar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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O'Reilly S. Gremlin: a complex molecule regulating wound healing and fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7917-7923. [PMID: 34731251 PMCID: PMC11071963 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gremlin-1 is part of the TGF-β superfamily and is a BMP antagonist that blocks BMP signalling to precisely control BMP gradients. Gremlin-1 is primarily involved in organogenesis and limb patterning however, has recently been described as being involved in fibrotic diseases. Initially described as a key factor involved in diabetic kidney fibrosis due to being induced by high glucose, it has now been described as being associated with lung, liver, eye, and skin fibrosis. This suggests that it is a key conserved molecule mediating fibrotic events irrespective of organ. It appears that Gremlin-1 may have effects mediated by BMP-dependent and independent pathways. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of Gremlin-1 in fibrosis, its mechanisms and if this can be targeted therapeutically in fibrotic diseases, which currently have very limited treatment options and are highly prevalent.
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11
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Gao X, Han L, Yao X, Ma L. Gremlin1 and TGF-β1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury through different pathways. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:1311-1321. [PMID: 34633599 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gremlin1 belongs to the superfamily members of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, playing a profibrotic role in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and the transition from the late stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD, but the effect it plays in the early stage of AKI is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of Gremlin1on apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells under ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induction. METHODS We detected Gremlin1 and TGF-β1 expression in the kidneys of mice undergoing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury bilaterally. We induced apoptosis through depletion and reperfusion of oxygen and serum in human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HKCs), mimicking I/R injury in vivo, and detected the role and pathways of Gremlin1 and TGF-β1on HKCs injury. RESULTS Mice undergoing bilateral I/R surgery presented AKI with a significant increase in serum creatinine, obvious renal tubular injuries, and increased macrophage cell and T-cell infiltration in interstitial areas. Gremlin1 expression was significantly increased along with TGF-β1 in the kidneys of AKI mice compared to sham mice. Exogenous Gremlin1 inhibited I/R-induced caspase3 expression in HKCs, which was blocked by a VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor III (SU5416). TGF-β1 also inhibited I/R-induced cell apoptosis in HKCs but had no synergic effect with Gremlin1. The TGF-β1's inhibitory effect could be blocked by the TGF-β1 type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, and ALK5)-specific inhibitor SB431542. CONCLUSIONS Gremlin1 and TGF- β1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptosis through VEGFR2 and Smad2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Gao
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Yamazaki A, Shue F, Yamazaki Y, Martens YA, Bu G, Liu CC. Preparation of single cell suspensions enriched in mouse brain vascular cells for single-cell RNA sequencing. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100715. [PMID: 34401781 PMCID: PMC8353357 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients, remove metabolic waste, and play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Cerebrovasculature is composed of heterogeneous populations of brain vascular cells (BVCs). A major challenge in effective cerebrovascular transcriptional profiling is high-quality BVC procurement, permitting high sequencing depth. Here, we establish cell isolation procedures for glio-vascular cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing enabling unbiased characterization of BVC transcriptional heterogeneity. Our approach can be used to address vascular-specific contribution to brain diseases. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yamazaki et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Francis Shue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuka A. Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Liu D, Liu F, Li Z, Pan S, Xie J, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Zhang J, Liu Z. HNRNPA1-mediated exosomal sorting of miR-483-5p out of renal tubular epithelial cells promotes the progression of diabetic nephropathy-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:255. [PMID: 33692334 PMCID: PMC7946926 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and renal interstitial fibrosis plays a key role in DN progression. Here, we aimed to probe into the role and potential mechanism of miR-483-5p in DN-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. In this study, we corroborated that miR-483-5p expression was lessened in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice kidney tissues and high glucose (HG)-stimulated tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and raised in the exosomes derived from renal tissues in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. miR-483-5p restrained the expressions of fibrosis-related genes in vitro and renal interstitial fibrosis in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-483-5p bound both TIMP2 and MAPK1, and TIMP2 and MAPK1 were bound up with the regulation of miR-483-5p on renal TECs under HG conditions. Importantly, HNRNPA1-mediated exosomal sorting transported cellular miR-483-5p out of TECs into the urine. Our results expounded that HNRNPA1-mediated exosomal sorting transported cellular miR-483-5p out of TECs into the urine, thus lessening the restraint of cellular miR-483-5p on MAPK1 and TIMP2 mRNAs, and ultimately boosting extracellular matrix deposition and the progression of DN-induced renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongWei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - FengXun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - ZhengYong Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - ShaoKang Pan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - JunWei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - ZiHao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - ZhenJie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - JiaHui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - ZhangSuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
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Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113798. [PMID: 32471207 PMCID: PMC7312633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, resulting in elevated cost for public health systems. DN is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its incidence increases the number of patients that develop the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are growing epidemiological and preclinical evidence about the close relationship between inflammatory response and the occurrence and progression of DN. Several anti-inflammatory strategies targeting specific inflammatory mediators (cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines) and intracellular signaling pathways have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of DN, decreasing proteinuria and renal lesions. A number of inflammatory molecules have been shown useful to identify diabetic patients at high risk of developing renal complications. In this review, we focus on the key role of inflammation in the genesis and progression of DN, with a special interest in effector molecules and activated intracellular pathways leading to renal damage, as well as a comprehensive update of new therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation to prevent and/or retard renal injury.
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15
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VEGFR2 Blockade Improves Renal Damage in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020302. [PMID: 31973092 PMCID: PMC7074274 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of optimal treatments for Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) highlights the importance of the search for novel therapeutic targets. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway is activated in experimental and human DN, but the effects of its blockade in experimental models of DN is still controversial. Here, we test the effects of a therapeutic anti-VEGFR2 treatment, using a VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor, on the progression of renal damage in the BTBR ob/ob (leptin deficiency mutation) mice. This experimental diabetic model develops histological characteristics mimicking the key features of advanced human DN. A VEGFR2 pathway-activation blockade using the VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor SU5416, starting after kidney disease development, improves renal function, glomerular damage (mesangial matrix expansion and basement membrane thickening), tubulointerstitial inflammation and tubular atrophy, compared to untreated diabetic mice. The downstream mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects of VEGFR2 blockade include gene expression restoration of podocyte markers and downregulation of renal injury biomarkers and pro-inflammatory mediators. Several ligands can activate VEGFR2, including the canonical ligands VEGFs and GREMLIN. Activation of a GREMLIN/VEGFR2 pathway, but not other ligands, is correlated with renal damage progression in BTBR ob/ob diabetic mice. RNA sequencing analysis of GREMLIN-regulated genes confirm the modulation of proinflammatory genes and related-molecular pathways. Overall, these data show that a GREMLIN/VEGFR2 pathway activation is involved in diabetic kidney disease and could potentially be a novel therapeutic target in this clinical condition.
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16
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Marquez-Exposito L, Cantero-Navarro E, R Rodrigues-Diez R, Orejudo M, Tejera-Muñoz A, Tejedor L, Rayego-Mateos S, Rández-Carbayo J, Santos-Sanchez L, Mezzano S, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. Molecular Regulation of Notch Signaling by Gremlin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:81-94. [PMID: 32072500 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin is a member of the TGF-β superfamily that can act as a BMP antagonist, and recently, has been described as a ligand of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Gremlin shares properties with the Notch signaling pathway. Both participate in embryonic development and are reactivated in pathological conditions. Gremlin is emerging as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker of renal diseases. Here we review the role of the Gremlin-VEGFR2 axis in renal damage and downstream signaling mechanisms, such as Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Javier Rández-Carbayo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Mezzano S, Droguett A, Lavoz C, Krall P, Egido J, Ruiz-Ortega M. Gremlin and renal diseases: ready to jump the fence to clinical utility? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:735-741. [PMID: 28992340 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases only ameliorates disease progression. During renal injury, developmental genes are re-expressed and could be potential therapeutic targets. Among those genes reactivated in the adult damaged kidney, Gremlin is of particular relevance since recent data suggest that it could be a mediator of diabetic nephropathy and other progressive renal diseases. Earlier studies have shown that Gremlin is upregulated in trans-differentiated renal proximal tubular cells and in several chronic kidney diseases associated with fibrosis. However, not much was known about the mechanisms by which Gremlin acts in renal pathophysiology. The role of Gremlin as a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist has clearly been demonstrated in organogenesis and in fibrotic-related disorders. Gremlin binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in endothelial and tubular epithelial cells. Activation of the Gremlin-VEGFR2 axis was found in several human nephropathies. We have recently described that Gremlin activates the VEGFR2 signaling pathway in the kidney, eliciting a downstream mechanism linked to renal inflammatory response. Gremlin deletion improves experimental renal damage, diminishing fibrosis. Overall, the available data identify the Gremlin-VEGFR2 axis as a novel therapeutic target for kidney inflammation and fibrosis and provide a rationale for unveiling new concepts to investigate in several clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Droguett
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paola Krall
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jesús Egido
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, CIBERDEM, Instituto Renal Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, RedinRen, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Droguett A, Valderrama G, Burgos ME, Carpio D, Saka C, Egido J, Ruiz-Ortega M, Mezzano S. Gremlin, A Potential Urinary Biomarker of Anca-Associated Crescentic Glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6867. [PMID: 31053735 PMCID: PMC6499786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gremlin renal overexpression has been reported in diabetic nephropathy, pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis and chronic allograft nephropathy and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the progression of renal damage. However, it is unknown whether urinary Gremlin can be associated with renal functional status, renal biopsy findings and outcome. To examine these associations we studied 20 patients with ANCA+ renal vasculitis and very high urinary Gremlin (354 ± 76 ug/gCr), 86 patients with other glomerular diseases and moderately elevated urinary Gremlin (83 ± 14 ug/gCr) and 11 healthy controls (urinary Gremlin 11.3 ± 2.4 ug/gCr). Urinary Gremlin was significantly correlated with renal expression of Gremlin (r = 0.64, p = 0.013) observed in cellular glomerular crescents, tubular epithelial cells and interstitial inflammatory cells. Moreover, urinary Gremlin levels were correlated with the number of glomerular crescents (r = 0.53; p < 0.001), renal CD68 positive cells (r = 0.71; p < 0.005), tubulointerstitial fibrosis (r = 0.50; p < 0.05), and serum creatinine levels (r = 0.60; p < 0.001). Interestingly, Gremlin expression was colocalized with CD68, CD163 (monocyte/macrophage markers) and CCL18 positive cells. ROC curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of urinary Gremlin in glomerular diseases as 43 ug/gCr with 72% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity [AUC: 0.96 (CI 95% 0.92–0.99] (p < 0.001). For ANCA+ renal vasculitis the value of urinary Gremlin of 241 ug/gCr had 55% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity [AUC: 0.81 (CI 95% 0.68–0.94) (p < 0.001]. Based on these results we propose that urinary Gremlin represents a non-invasive biomarker in ANCA+ renal vasculitis, and suggest a role of Gremlin in the formation of crescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Droguett
- Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Graciela Valderrama
- Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María E Burgos
- Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Carpio
- Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Constanza Saka
- Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jesús Egido
- Cellular Biology in Renal Disease Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma. IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Disease Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma. IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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19
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Wen H, Kumar V, Mishra A, Song S, Aslam R, Hussain A, Wang H, Zhou X, He X, Wu G, Luo H, Lan X, Malhotra A, Singhal PC. Grem2 mediates podocyte apoptosis in high glucose milieu. Biochimie 2019; 160:113-121. [PMID: 30831151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased DAN protein (Grem1, Grem2, Grem3, Cerberus, NBL1, SOST, and USAG1) levels are often associated with severe disease-states in adult kidneys. Grem1, SOST, and USAG1 have been demonstrated to be upregulated and play a critical role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, the expression and the role of other DAN family members in DN have not been reported yet. In this study, we investigated the expression and the role of Grem2 in the development of renal lesions in mice with type 2 DN. METHODS Fourteen-week-old BTBRob/ob (a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus) and control (BTBR, wild type) mice were evaluated for renal functional and structural biomarkers. Urine was collected for protein content assay, and renal tissues were harvested for molecular analysis with real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies, human podocytes were transfected with Grem2 plasmid and were evaluated for apoptosis (morphologic assay and Western blotting). To evaluate the Grem2-mediated downstream signaling, the phosphorylation status of Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8 was assessed. To establish a causal relationship, the effect of SIS3 (an inhibitor for Samd2/3) and BMP-7 (an agonist for Smad1/5/8) was evaluated on Germ2-induced podocyte apoptosis. RESULTS BTBRob/ob mice showed elevated urinary protein levels. Renal tissues of BTBRob/ob mice showed an increased expression of Grem2; both glomerular and tubular cells displayed enhanced Grem2 expression. In vitro studies, high glucose increased Grem2 expression in cultured human podocytes, whereas, Grem2 silencing partially protected podocyte from high glucose-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of Grem2 in podocytes not only increased Bax/Bcl2 expression ratio but also promoted podocyte apoptosis; moreover, an overexpression of Grem2 increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and decreased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8; furthermore, SIS3 and BMP-7 attenuated Grem2-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS High glucose increases Grem2 expression in kidney cells. Grem2 mediates podocyte apoptosis through Smads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Wen
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Abheepsa Mishra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Su Song
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ali Hussain
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guisheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huairong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.
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20
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Chen DD, Xu R, Zhou JY, Chen JQ, Wang L, Liu XS, Liang CL, Liu BH, Lu RR, Wu JB, Lin H. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides exerted protective effects on diabetic nephropathy in mice via regulation of autophagy. Food Funct 2019; 10:5102-5114. [PMID: 31363726 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides (CMP) on STZ-treated DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Rui Xu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Jiu-Yao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun-Qi Chen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology
- The Second Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Chun-ling Liang
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Bi-Hao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Rui-Rui Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun-Biao Wu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
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21
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Marquez-Exposito L, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Cantero-Navarro E, Ortiz A, Egido J, Selgas R, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M. Gremlin Regulates Tubular Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition via VEGFR2: Potential Role in Renal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1195. [PMID: 30386246 PMCID: PMC6199372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as an important health problem due to the increase number of CKD patients and the absence of an effective curative treatment. Gremlin has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target for renal inflammatory diseases, acting via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2). Although many evidences suggest that Gremlin could regulate renal fibrosis, the receptor involved has not been yet clarified. Gremlin, as other TGF-β superfamily members, regulates tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, therefore, could contribute to renal fibrosis. In cultured tubular epithelial cells Gremlin binding to VEGFR2 is linked to proinflammatory responses. Now, we have found out that in these cells VEGFR2 is also involved in the profibrotic actions of Gremlin. VEGFR2 blockade by a pharmacological kinase inhibitor or gene silencing diminished Gremlin-mediated gene upregulation of profibrotic factors and restored changes in EMT-related genes. Moreover, VEGFR2 inhibition blocked EMT phenotypic changes and dampened the rate of wound healing in response to Gremlin. The role of VEGFR2 in experimental fibrosis was evaluated in experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction. VEFGR2 inhibition diminished the upregulation of profibrotic genes and EMT changes, as well as the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin and collagens in the obstructed kidneys. Notch pathway activation participates in renal damage progression by regulating cell growth/proliferation, regeneration and inflammation. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, Notch inhibition markedly downregulated Gremlin-induced EMT changes and wound healing speed. These results show that Gremlin regulates the EMT process via VEGFR2 and Notch pathway activation, suggesting that the Gremlin/VEGFR2 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Raul R Rodrigues-Diez
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Nephrology, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Marquez-Exposito L, Cantero-Navarro E, Lavoz C, Fierro-Fernández M, Poveda J, Rayego-Mateos S, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Morgado-Pascual JL, Orejudo M, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M. Análisis de la vía Notch como una posible diana terapéutica en la patología renal. Nefrologia 2018; 38:466-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
One of the first structural changes in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the renal enlargement. These changes resulted in renal hypertrophy in both glomerular and tubular cells. Shrink in the kidney size, which described as kidney atrophy resulted from the loss of nephrons or abnormal nephron function and lead to loss of the kidney function. On the other hand, increase in kidney size, which described as hypertrophy resulted from increase in proximal tubular epithelial and glomerular cells size. However overtime, tubular atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis occurs as subsequent changes in tubular cell hypertrophy, which is associated with the infiltration of fibroblast cells into the tubulointerstitial space. The rate of deterioration of kidney function shows a strong correlation with the degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. A consequence of long-standing diabetes/hyperglycemia may lead to major changes in renal structure that occur but not specific only to nephropathy. Identifying type of cells that involves in renal atrophy and hypertrophy may help to find a therapeutic target to treat diabetic nephropathy. In summary, the early changes in diabetic kidney are mainly includes the increase in tubular basement membrane thickening which lead to renal hypertrophy. On the other hand, only renal tubule is subjected to apoptosis, which is one of the characteristic morphologic changes in diabetic kidney to form tubular atrophy at the late stage of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy L Habib
- a Department of Geriatric, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center , South Texas Veterans Healthcare System , San Antonio , TX.,b Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX
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24
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Gremlin activates the Notch pathway linked to renal inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1097-1115. [PMID: 29720422 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest that Gremlin participates in renal damage and could be a potential therapeutic target for human chronic kidney diseases. Inflammation is a common characteristic of progressive renal disease, and therefore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic targets should be investigated. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in kidney development and is activated in human chronic kidney disease, but whether Gremlin regulates the Notch pathway has not been investigated. In cultured tubular cells, Gremlin up-regulated gene expression of several Notch pathway components, increased the production of the canonical ligand Jagged-1, and caused the nuclear translocation of active Notch-1 (N1ICD). In vivo administration of Gremlin into murine kidneys elicited Jagged-1 production, increased N1ICD nuclear levels, and up-regulated the gene expression of the Notch effectors hes-1 and hey-1 All these data clearly demonstrate that Gremlin activates the Notch pathway in the kidney. Notch inhibition using the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT impaired renal inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines overexpression in Gremlin-injected mice and in experimental models of renal injury. Moreover, Notch inhibition blocked Gremlin-induced activation of the canonical and noncanonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, identifying an important mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory actions of Notch inhibition. In conclusion, Gremlin activates the Notch pathway in the kidney and this is linked to NF-κB-mediated inflammation, supporting the hypothesis that Notch inhibition could be a potential anti-inflammatory strategy for renal diseases.
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25
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Thomsen LH, Fog-Tonnesen M, Nielsen Fink L, Norlin J, García de Vinuesa A, Hansen TK, de Heer E, Ten Dijke P, Rosendahl A. Disparate phospho-Smad2 levels in advanced type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy and early experimental db/db mouse model. Ren Fail 2018; 39:629-642. [PMID: 28805484 PMCID: PMC6446227 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1361837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family members is hypothesized to participate in type 2 diabetes (T2D) dependent diabetic nephropathy (DN). We evaluated and compared downstream activation of the Smad2-signaling pathway in kidney samples from T2D patients to kidneys from the T2D model of leptin receptor deficient db/db mouse. Furthermore, expression of TGF-β family members was evaluated to elucidate molecular mechanisms in the mouse model. Kidney samples from patients with advanced stages of DN showed elevated pSmad2 staining whereas db/db mouse kidneys surprisingly showed a decrease in pSmad2 in the tubular compartment. Structurally, kidney tissue showed dilated tubules and expanded glomeruli, but no clear fibrotic pattern was found in the diabetic mice. Selective TGF-β family members were up-regulated at the mRNA level. Antagonists of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands, such as Gremlin1, USAG1 and Sclerostin, were strongly up-regulated suggesting a dampening effect on BMP pathways. Together, these results indicate a lack of translation from T2D patient kidneys to the db/db model with regards to Smad signaling pathway. It is plausible that a strong up-regulation of BMP antagonizing factors account for the lack of Smad1/5/8 activation, in spite of increased expression of several BMP members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Høj Thomsen
- a Department of Diabetes Complications Research , Novo Nordisk A/S , Måløv , Denmark.,b Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Morten Fog-Tonnesen
- a Department of Diabetes Complications Research , Novo Nordisk A/S , Måløv , Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Nielsen Fink
- a Department of Diabetes Complications Research , Novo Nordisk A/S , Måløv , Denmark
| | - Jenny Norlin
- c Department of Incretin & Obesity Pharmacology , Novo Nordisk A/S , Måløv , Denmark
| | - Amaya García de Vinuesa
- d Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Troels Krarup Hansen
- b Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Emile de Heer
- e Department of Pathology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- d Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Rosendahl
- a Department of Diabetes Complications Research , Novo Nordisk A/S , Måløv , Denmark
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26
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are worldwide public health problems affecting millions of people and have rapidly increased in prevalence in recent years. Due to the multiple causes of renal failure, many animal models have been developed to advance our understanding of human nephropathy. Among these experimental models, rodents have been extensively used to enable mechanistic understanding of kidney disease induction and progression, as well as to identify potential targets for therapy. In this review, we discuss AKI models induced by surgical operation and drugs or toxins, as well as a variety of CKD models (mainly genetically modified mouse models). Results from recent and ongoing clinical trials and conceptual advances derived from animal models are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Wu Bao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
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27
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Berberine attenuates podocytes injury caused by exosomes derived from high glucose-induced mesangial cells through TGFβ1-PI3K/AKT pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Yu SMW, Bonventre JV. Acute Kidney Injury and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:166-180. [PMID: 29580581 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease, commonly termed diabetic nephropathy (DN), is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. The characteristic histopathology of DN includes glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, nodular glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Diabetes is associated with a number of metabolic derangements, such as reactive oxygen species overproduction, hypoxic state, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. In the past few decades, our knowledge of DN has advanced considerably although much needs to be learned. The traditional paradigm of glomerulus-centered pathophysiology has expanded to the tubule-interstitium, the immune response and inflammation. Biomarkers of proximal tubule injury have been shown to correlate with DN progression, independent of traditional glomerular injury biomarkers such as albuminuria. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury in diabetes mellitus and the roles played by many kidney cell types to facilitate maladaptive responses leading to chronic and end-stage kidney disease.
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29
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González N, Prieto I, del Puerto-Nevado L, Portal-Nuñez S, Ardura JA, Corton M, Fernández-Fernández B, Aguilera O, Gomez-Guerrero C, Mas S, Moreno JA, Ruiz-Ortega M, Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Rojo F, Vivanco F, Esbrit P, Ayuso C, Alvarez-Llamas G, Egido J, García-Foncillas J, Ortiz A. 2017 update on the relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer: epidemiology, potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18456-18485. [PMID: 28060743 PMCID: PMC5392343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide deaths from diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer increased by 90% and 57%, respectively, over the past 20 years. The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated to be 27% higher in patients with type 2 DM than in non-diabetic controls. However, there are potential confounders, information from lower income countries is scarce, across the globe there is no correlation between DM prevalence and colorectal cancer incidence and the association has evolved over time, suggesting the impact of additional environmental factors. The clinical relevance of these associations depends on understanding the mechanism involved. Although evidence is limited, insulin use has been associated with increased and metformin with decreased incidence of colorectal cancer. In addition, colorectal cancer shares some cellular and molecular pathways with diabetes target organ damage, exemplified by diabetic kidney disease. These include epithelial cell injury, activation of inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and iron homeostasis defects, among others. Indeed, some drugs have undergone clinical trials for both cancer and diabetic kidney disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified diabetes-associated genes (e.g. TCF7L2) that may also contribute to colorectal cancer. We review the epidemiological evidence, potential pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications of the association between DM and colorectal cancer. Further studies should clarify the worldwide association between DM and colorectal cancer, strengthen the biological plausibility of a cause-and-effect relationship through characterization of the molecular pathways involved, search for specific molecular signatures of colorectal cancer under diabetic conditions, and eventually explore DM-specific strategies to prevent or treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves González
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Radiation Oncology, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Nuñez
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ardura
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Genetics, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Aguilera
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Mas
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Esbrit
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Genetics, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Xu Z, Diao Z, Liu R, Liu W. Molecular mechanism of smurf2 in regulating the expression of SnoN in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2560-2566. [PMID: 28447757 PMCID: PMC5428923 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the regulatory mechanism underlying the depression in Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) in diabetic nephrology (DN). NRK-52E cells, a rat primary renal tubular epithelial cell line, were cultured to clarify the effect of small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (smurf2) on SnoN in a low glucose environment in vitro. NRK-52E cells and DM rats were injected with adenoviruses AD-smurf2 and AD-shsmurf2, respectively, and the protein expression profiles of SnoN, smurf2 and phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 were then detected. In addition, the protein levels of smurf2, p-Smad2 and SnoN were analyzed following treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or TGF-β1 inhibitor to validate the effect of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. The effect of smurf2 on the degradation of SnoN by ubiquitination was found to be a key factor in DN, which was mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zongli Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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31
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Church RH, Ali I, Tate M, Lavin D, Krishnakumar A, Kok HM, Hombrebueno JR, Dunne PD, Bingham V, Goldschmeding R, Martin F, Brazil DP. Gremlin1 plays a key role in kidney development and renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F1141-F1157. [PMID: 28100499 PMCID: PMC5495891 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00344.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gremlin1 (Grem1), an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins, plays a key role in embryogenesis. A highly specific temporospatial gradient of Grem1 and bone morphogenetic protein signaling is critical to normal lung, kidney, and limb development. Grem1 levels are increased in renal fibrotic conditions, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, chronic allograft nephropathy, and immune glomerulonephritis. We demonstrate that a small number of grem1−/− whole body knockout mice on a mixed genetic background (8%) are viable, with a single, enlarged left kidney and grossly normal histology. The grem1−/− mice displayed mild renal dysfunction at 4 wk, which recovered by 16 wk. Tubular epithelial cell-specific targeted deletion of Grem1 (TEC-grem1-cKO) mice displayed a milder response in the acute injury and recovery phases of the folic acid model. Increases in indexes of kidney damage were smaller in TEC-grem1-cKO than wild-type mice. In the recovery phase of the folic acid model, associated with renal fibrosis, TEC-grem1-cKO mice displayed reduced histological damage and an attenuated fibrotic gene response compared with wild-type controls. Together, these data demonstrate that Grem1 expression in the tubular epithelial compartment plays a significant role in the fibrotic response to renal injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Church
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Ali
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Lavin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Krishnakumar
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Helena M Kok
- Utrecht Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose R Hombrebueno
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Finian Martin
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom;
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32
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Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates renal tubular epithelial pyroptosis by modulated miR-23c targeting of ELAVL1 in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Cell Res 2017; 350:327-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Zhang Y, Ruan Y, Zhang P, Wang L. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:223-227. [PMID: 27646613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to test the hypothesis that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays a pathogenic role in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS One hundred individuals were recruited in our study from January 2012 to December 2013, including group A (control group, 24 healthy adults), group B (20 patients with latent glomerulonephritis), group C (32 type 2 DN patients, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30ml/min per 1.73m2), group D (24 maintenance hemodialysis, MHD patients). Clinical parameters such as gender, age, urine samples, serum creatinine, eGFR, L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine and 24h urinary protein were collected and analyzed. Group C was further divided on C1 (eGFR >60ml/min per 1.73m2) and C2 (eGFR 31-60ml/min per 1.73m2). RESULTS Age was not related to IDO activity (r=0.27, P=0.057), while eGFR was significantly related to IDO activity (r=-0.54, P=0.002). IDO activity was significantly higher in the group C1 than group A (P=0.003), group B (P=0.008), and lower than in group D (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS IDO activity increased with severity of chronic kidney disease and negatively correlated with eGFR. Moreover, IDO activity was significantly increased in type 2 DN when eGFR was >60ml/min per 1.73m2, which suggested that IDO may closely correlate with the pathogenesis of type 2 DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yizhe Ruan
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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Koli K, Sutinen E, Rönty M, Rantakari P, Fortino V, Pulkkinen V, Greco D, Sipilä P, Myllärniemi M. Gremlin-1 Overexpression in Mouse Lung Reduces Silica-Induced Lymphocyte Recruitment - A Link to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis through Negative Correlation with CXCL10 Chemokine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159010. [PMID: 27428020 PMCID: PMC4948891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by activation and injury of epithelial cells, the accumulation of connective tissue and changes in the inflammatory microenvironment. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor protein gremlin-1 is associated with the progression of fibrosis both in human and mouse lung. We generated a transgenic mouse model expressing gremlin-1 in type II lung epithelial cells using the surfactant protein C (SPC) promoter and the Cre-LoxP system. Gremlin-1 protein expression was detected specifically in the lung after birth and did not result in any signs of respiratory insufficiency. Exposure to silicon dioxide resulted in reduced amounts of lymphocyte aggregates in transgenic lungs while no alteration in the fibrotic response was observed. Microarray gene expression profiling and analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines indicated a reduced lymphocytic response and a downregulation of interferon-induced gene program. Consistent with reduced Th1 response, there was a downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of the anti-fibrotic chemokine CXCL10, which has been linked to IPF. In human IPF patient samples we also established a strong negative correlation in the mRNA expression levels of gremlin-1 and CXCL10. Our results suggest that in addition to regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk during tissue injury, gremlin-1 modulates inflammatory cell recruitment and anti-fibrotic chemokine production in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Koli
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Sutinen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Rönty
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Fimlab laboratories, Pathology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- Unit of Systems Toxicology and Nanosafety Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Pulkkinen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Unit of Systems Toxicology and Nanosafety Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjukka Myllärniemi
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhou L, Xu DY, Sha WG, Shen L, Lu GY, Yin X. Long non-coding MIAT mediates high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:726-32. [PMID: 26551455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a novel class of non-coding RNAs that take part in occurrence and development of diabetes complication via regulating gene expression. However, litter is known about lncRNAs in the setting of diabetes induced nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine whether lncRNA-myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) is involved in diabetes induced renal tubules injury. METHODS Adult Wister rats were randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal STZ (65 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Rats treated with equal volume of citrate buffer were as control. Renal function was evaluated by analysis of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) every four weeks after STZ administration. Also tubules of all rats were collected for determination of MIAT and Nrf2 level at the corresponding phase. The in vitro high glucose-triggered human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) was used to explore the mechanism underling MIAT regulated high glucose-induced tubular damage. RESULTS In diabetic rats, MIAT showed the lower level and its expression is negatively correlated with serum creatinine and BUN. Consistent with diabetic rat, exposed to high glucose, HK-2 cells expressed lower level of MIAT and Nrf2, and also showed reduction in cell viability. By pcDNA-MIAT plasmid transfection, we observed that MIAT overexpression reversed inhibitory action of Nrf2 expression by high glucose. Moreover, the data of RNA pull-down and RIP showed that MIAT controlled Nrf2 cellular through enhancing Nrf2 stability, which was confirmed by CHX and MG132 administration. Inhibitory effect of cell viability by silencing MIAT was also reversed by Nrf2 overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, our data suggested that MIAT/Nrf2 served as an important signaling pathway for high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - De-yu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wen-gang Sha
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guo-yuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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