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Milano S, Saponara I, Gerbino A, Carmosino M, Svelto M, Procino G. The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 ameliorates the main symptoms of X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in the mouse model of the disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18301. [PMID: 38652212 PMCID: PMC11037407 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (X-NDI) is a rare congenital disease caused by inactivating mutations of the vasopressin type-2 receptor (AVPR2), characterized by impaired renal concentrating ability, dramatic polyuria, polydipsia and risk of dehydration. The disease, which still lacks a cure, could benefit from the pharmacologic stimulation of other GPCRs, activating the cAMP-intracellular pathway in the kidney cells expressing the AVPR2. On the basis of our previous studies, we here hypothesized that the β3-adrenergic receptor could be such an ideal candidate. We evaluated the effect of continuous 24 h stimulation of the β3-AR with the agonist BRL37344 and assessed the effects on urine output, urine osmolarity, water intake and the abundance and activation of the key renal water and electrolyte transporters, in the mouse model of X-NDI. Here we demonstrate that the β3-AR agonism exhibits a potent antidiuretic effect. The strong improvement in symptoms of X-NDI produced by a single i.p. injection of BRL37344 (1 mg/kg) was limited to 3 h but repeated administrations in the 24 h, mimicking the effect of a slow-release preparation, promoted a sustained antidiuretic effect, reducing the 24 h urine output by 27%, increasing urine osmolarity by 25% and reducing the water intake by 20%. At the molecular level, we show that BRL37344 acted by increasing the phosphorylation of NKCC2, NCC and AQP2 in the renal cell membrane, thereby increasing electrolytes and water reabsorption in the kidney tubule of X-NDI mice. Taken together, these data suggest that human β3-AR agonists might represent an effective possible treatment strategy for X-NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Department of SciencesUniversity of BasilicataPotenzaItaly
| | - Ilenia Saponara
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | | | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and EnvironmentUniversity of BariBariItaly
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Lebedeva S, Margaryan A, Smolyarchuk E, Nedorubov A, Materenchuk M, Tonevitsky A, Mutig K. Metabolic effects of vasopressin in pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1176199. [PMID: 37790608 PMCID: PMC10545091 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1176199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of the chronic kidney disease (CKD). Enhanced plasma vasopressin (VP) levels have been associated with the pathophysiology of DKD and CKD. Stimulation of VP release in DKD is caused by glucose-dependent reset of the osmostat leading to secondary pathophysiologic effects mediated by distinct VP receptor types. VP is a stress hormone exhibiting the antidiuretic action in the kidney along with broad adaptive effects in other organs. Excessive activation of the vasopressin type 2 (V2) receptor in the kidney leads to glomerular hyperfiltration and nephron loss, whereas stimulation of vasopressin V1a or V1b receptors in the liver, pancreas, and adrenal glands promotes catabolic metabolism for energy mobilization, enhancing glucose production and aggravating DKD. Increasing availability of selective VP receptor antagonists opens new therapeutic windows separating the renal and extra-renal VP effects for the concrete applications. Improved understanding of these paradigms is mandatory for further drug design and translational implementation. The present concise review focuses on metabolic effects of VP affecting DKD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lebedeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arus Margaryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Smolyarchuk
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Nedorubov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Materenchuk
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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The Heart as a Target of Vasopressin and Other Cardiovascular Peptides in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214414. [PMID: 36430892 PMCID: PMC9699305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The automatism of cardiac pacemaker cells, which is tuned, is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including cardiovascular peptides. The cardiovascular peptides (CPs) form a group of essential paracrine factors affecting the function of the heart and vessels. They may also be produced in other organs and penetrate to the heart via systemic circulation. The present review draws attention to the role of vasopressin (AVP) and some other cardiovascular peptides (angiotensins, oxytocin, cytokines) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system in health and cardiovascular diseases, especially in post-infarct heart failure, hypertension and cerebrovascular strokes. Vasopressin is synthesized mostly by the neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus. There is also evidence that it may be produced in the heart and lungs. The secretion of AVP and other CPs is markedly influenced by changes in blood volume and pressure, as well as by other disturbances, frequently occurring in cardiovascular diseases (hypoxia, pain, stress, inflammation). Myocardial infarction, hypertension and cardiovascular shock are associated with an increased secretion of AVP and altered responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to its action. The majority of experimental studies show that the administration of vasopressin during ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest improves resuscitation, however, the clinical studies do not present consisting results. Vasopressin cooperates with the autonomic nervous system (ANS), angiotensins, oxytocin and cytokines in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and its interaction with these regulators is altered during heart failure and hypertension. It is likely that the differences in interactions of AVP with ANS and other CPs have a significant impact on the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to vasopressin in specific cardiovascular disorders.
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Hus-Citharel A, Bouby N, Corbani M, Mion J, Mendre C, Darusi J, Tomboly C, Trueba M, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Llorens-Cortes C, Guillon G. Characterization of a functional V 1B vasopressin receptor in the male rat kidney: evidence for cross talk between V 1B and V 2 receptor signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F305-F321. [PMID: 34282956 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00081.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vasopressin V1B receptor (V1BR) mRNA has been detected in the kidney, the precise renal localization as well as pharmacological and physiological properties of this receptor remain unknown. Using the selective V1B agonist d[Leu4, Lys8]VP, either fluorescent or radioactive, we showed that V1BR is mainly present in principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) in the male rat kidney. Protein and mRNA expression of V1BR were very low compared with the V2 receptor (V2R). On the microdissected IMCD, d[Leu4, Lys8]VP had no effect on cAMP production but induced a dose-dependent and saturable intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase mobilization with an EC50 value in the nanomolar range. This effect involved both intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and extracellular Ca2+ influx. The selective V1B antagonist SSR149415 strongly reduced the ability of vasopressin to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration but also cAMP, suggesting a cooperation between V1BR and V2R in IMCD cells expressing both receptors. This cooperation arises from a cross talk between second messenger cascade involving PKC rather than receptor heterodimerization, as supported by potentiation of arginine vasopressin-stimulated cAMP production in human embryonic kidney-293 cells coexpressing the two receptor isoforms and negative results obtained by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer experiments. In vivo, only acute administration of high doses of V1B agonist triggered significant diuretic effects, in contrast with injection of selective V2 agonist. This study brings new data on the localization and signaling pathways of V1BR in the kidney, highlights a cross talk between V1BR and V2R in the IMCD, and suggests that V1BR may counterbalance in some pathophysiological conditions the antidiuretic effect triggered by V2R activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although V1BR mRNA has been detected in the kidney, the precise renal localization as well as pharmacological and physiological properties of this receptor remain unknown. Using original pharmaceutical tools, this study brings new data on the localization and signaling pathways of V1BR, highlights a cross talk between V1BR and V2 receptor (V2R) in the inner medullary collecting duct, and suggests that V1BR may counterbalance in some pathophysiological conditions the antidiuretic effect triggered by V2R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Hus-Citharel
- Collège de France, Neuropeptides Centraux et Régulations Hydrique et Cardiovasculaire, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Bouby
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maithé Corbani
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Mion
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christiane Mendre
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Judit Darusi
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tomboly
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miguel Trueba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Basque Country University, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Collège de France, Neuropeptides Centraux et Régulations Hydrique et Cardiovasculaire, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Guillon
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Sparapani S, Millet-Boureima C, Oliver J, Mu K, Hadavi P, Kalostian T, Ali N, Avelar CM, Bardies M, Barrow B, Benedikt M, Biancardi G, Bindra R, Bui L, Chihab Z, Cossitt A, Costa J, Daigneault T, Dault J, Davidson I, Dias J, Dufour E, El-Khoury S, Farhangdoost N, Forget A, Fox A, Gebrael M, Gentile MC, Geraci O, Gnanapragasam A, Gomah E, Haber E, Hamel C, Iyanker T, Kalantzis C, Kamali S, Kassardjian E, Kontos HK, Le TBU, LoScerbo D, Low YF, Mac Rae D, Maurer F, Mazhar S, Nguyen A, Nguyen-Duong K, Osborne-Laroche C, Park HW, Parolin E, Paul-Cole K, Peer LS, Philippon M, Plaisir CA, Porras Marroquin J, Prasad S, Ramsarun R, Razzaq S, Rhainds S, Robin D, Scartozzi R, Singh D, Fard SS, Soroko M, Soroori Motlagh N, Stern K, Toro L, Toure MW, Tran-Huynh S, Trépanier-Chicoine S, Waddingham C, Weekes AJ, Wisniewski A, Gamberi C. The Biology of Vasopressin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:89. [PMID: 33477721 PMCID: PMC7832310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressins are evolutionarily conserved peptide hormones. Mammalian vasopressin functions systemically as an antidiuretic and regulator of blood and cardiac flow essential for adapting to terrestrial environments. Moreover, vasopressin acts centrally as a neurohormone involved in social and parental behavior and stress response. Vasopressin synthesis in several cell types, storage in intracellular vesicles, and release in response to physiological stimuli are highly regulated and mediated by three distinct G protein coupled receptors. Other receptors may bind or cross-bind vasopressin. Vasopressin is regulated spatially and temporally through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, sex, tissue, and cell-specific receptor expression. Anomalies of vasopressin signaling have been observed in polycystic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Growing knowledge of the central biological roles of vasopressin has enabled pharmacological advances to treat these conditions by targeting defective systemic or central pathways utilizing specific agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (S.S.); (C.M.-B.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (N.A.); (C.M.A.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (M.B.); (G.B.); (R.B.); (L.B.); (Z.C.); (A.C.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (J.D.); (I.D.); (J.D.); (E.D.); (S.E.-K.); (N.F.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.C.G.); (O.G.); (A.G.); (E.G.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (T.I.); (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (H.K.K.); (T.B.U.L.); (D.L.); (Y.F.L.); (D.M.R.); (F.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (K.N.-D.); (C.O.-L.); (H.W.P.); (E.P.); (K.P.-C.); (L.S.P.); (M.P.); (C.-A.P.); (J.P.M.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (D.R.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (S.S.F.); (M.S.); (N.S.M.); (K.S.); (L.T.); (M.W.T.); (S.T.-H.); (S.T.-C.); (C.W.); (A.J.W.); (A.W.)
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Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT, Torres VE. Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109649. [PMID: 32335259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Sussman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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Remote Ischemic Perconditioning Modulates Apelin Expression After Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2020; 247:429-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Natochin YV, Golosova DV. Vasopressin receptor subtypes and renal sodium transport. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 113:239-258. [PMID: 32138950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, three subtypes of V-receptors have been identified in the kidney. The effects of vasopressin, a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus, are triggered by three distinct receptor isoforms: V2, V1a, and V1b. Stimulation of V2-receptors regulates urine osmotic concentration by increasing sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and enhancing osmotic permeability of the epithelium cells in the collecting duct. Stimulation of V1a-receptors inhibits renal sodium reabsorption and induces natriuresis, comparable to the effect of the diuretic furosemide, in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Stimulation of V1b-receptors induces potassium secretion in the final parts of the distal segments and initial parts of the collecting ducts. In this review, we discuss the role of vasopressin and its interaction with V-receptor subtypes in natriuresis and for stabilizing the physicochemical parameters of the internal environment and water-salt homeostasis in humans. A better understanding of these systems and their regulation is necessary to facilitate identification of additional system components and mechanisms, clarify their contribution during various normal and pathological functional states, and suggest novel strategies for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Natochin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - D V Golosova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Giesecke T, Himmerkus N, Leipziger J, Bleich M, Koshimizu TA, Fähling M, Smorodchenko A, Shpak J, Knappe C, Isermann J, Ayasse N, Kawahara K, Schmoranzer J, Gimber N, Paliege A, Bachmann S, Mutig K. Vasopressin Increases Urinary Acidification via V1a Receptors in Collecting Duct Intercalated Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:946-961. [PMID: 31097611 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antagonists of the V1a vasopressin receptor (V1aR) are emerging as a strategy for slowing progression of CKD. Physiologically, V1aR signaling has been linked with acid-base homeostasis, but more detailed information is needed about renal V1aR distribution and function. METHODS We used a new anti-V1aR antibody and high-resolution microscopy to investigate Va1R distribution in rodent and human kidneys. To investigate whether V1aR activation promotes urinary H+ secretion, we used a V1aR agonist or antagonist to evaluate V1aR function in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats, bladder-catheterized mice, isolated collecting ducts, and cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. RESULTS Localization of V1aR in rodent and human kidneys produced a basolateral signal in type A intercalated cells (A-ICs) and a perinuclear to subapical signal in type B intercalated cells of connecting tubules and collecting ducts. Treating vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats with a V1aR agonist decreased urinary pH and tripled net acid excretion; we observed a similar response in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, V1aR antagonist did not affect urinary pH in normal or acid-loaded mice. In ex vivo settings, basolateral treatment of isolated perfused medullary collecting ducts with the V1aR agonist or vasopressin increased intracellular calcium levels in ICs and decreased luminal pH, suggesting V1aR-dependent calcium release and stimulation of proton-secreting proteins. Basolateral treatment of IMCD cells with the V1aR agonist increased apical abundance of vacuolar H+-ATPase in A-ICs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that activation of V1aR contributes to urinary acidification via H+ secretion by A-ICs, which may have clinical implications for pharmacologic targeting of V1aR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Giesecke
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Shpak
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Knappe
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Isermann
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Ayasse
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katsumasa Kawahara
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical BioImaging Core Facility, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Advanced Medical BioImaging Core Facility, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Changes in Vasopressin System Expression in the Kidney Cortex in Rats with Nephrectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2607928. [PMID: 30013980 PMCID: PMC6022316 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2607928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that the vasopressinergic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CKD on changes in vasopressin system expression in the kidney cortex in rats with nephrectomy. The study was performed on 4 groups of Sprague Dawley (SPRD) rats: a control group (CN), 1/2 nephrectomy (N1/2), 2/3 nephrectomy (N2/3), and 5/6 nephrectomy (N5/6). Blood and the kidney cortex were collected to evaluate plasma copeptin concentrations and mRNA expressions of V1a vasopressin receptors (V1aR) and V2 vasopressin receptors (V2R) and V1aR, V2R, and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) protein levels. V1aR and V2R mRNA expression in the kidney cortex was significantly lower in the CN group compared with the other groups. In contrast, the V1aR, V2R, and AQP2 protein levels were significantly higher in the CN group compared with all of the nephrectomized groups. Plasma copeptin concentration was significantly lower in the CN group than in the nephrectomized groups. CKD caused significant changes in the expression of the vasopressinergic system. Further research is needed to explain the mechanisms of the impact of the vasopressinergic system on the kidney in CKD.
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Irazabal MV, Blais JD, Perrone RD, Gansevoort RT, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, Higashihara E, Harris PC, Zhou W, Ouyang J, Czerwiec FS, Torres VE. Prognostic Enrichment Design in Clinical Trials for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: The TEMPO 3:4 Clinical Trial. Kidney Int Rep 2016; 1:213-220. [PMID: 29142926 PMCID: PMC5678619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with slowly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are unlikely to experience outcomes during randomized controlled trials (RCTs). An image classification of ADPKD into typical (diffuse cyst distribution) class 1A to E (by age- and height-adjusted total kidney volume [TKV]) and atypical (asymmetric cyst distribution) class 2 was proposed for prognostic enrichment design, recommending inclusion of only classes 1C to 1E in RCTs. Methods A post hoc exploratory analysis was conducted of the TEMPO 3:4 Trial, a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial in adult subjects with ADPKD, an estimated creatinine clearance >60 ml/min and total kidney volume >750 ml. Results Due to the entry criteria, the study population of TEMPO 3:4 was enriched for classes 1C-E (89.5 % of 1436 patients with baseline magnetic resonance images) compared to unselected populations (e.g., 60.5% of 590 Mayo Clinic patients). The effects of tolvaptan on TKV and eGFR slopes were greater in classes 1C to E than in 1B. In TEMPO 3:4, tolvaptan reduced TKV and eGFR slopes from 5.51% to 2.80% per year and from −3.70 to −2.78 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year, and lowered the risk for a composite endpoint of clinical progression events (hazard ratio = 0.87). Restricting enrollment to classes 1C to E would have reduced TKV and eGFR slopes from 5.78% to 2.91% per year and from −3.93 to −2.82 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year, and the risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio = 0.84, P = 0.003), with 10.5% fewer patients. Discussion Prognostic enrichment strategies such as the entry criteria used for TEMPO 3:4 or preferably the proposed image classification should be used in RCTs for ADPKD to increase power and to reduce cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Irazabal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaime D Blais
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc.; Global Medical Affairs, Princeton, NJ
| | | | | | - Arlene B Chapman
- Division of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eiji Higashihara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wen Zhou
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc., Biostatistics, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - John Ouyang
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc., Biostatistics, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank S Czerwiec
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc., Global Clinical Development, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Stimulation of V1a receptor increases renal uric acid clearance via urate transporters: insight into pathogenesis of hypouricemia in SIADH. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 20:845-852. [PMID: 26935049 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypouricemia is pathognomonic in syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Based on the previous studies, we hypothesized that V1a receptor may play a principal role in inducing hypouricemia in SIADH and examined uric acid metabolism using a rat model. METHODS Terlipressin (25 ng/h), a selective V1a agonist, was subcutaneously infused to 7-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 9). Control rats were infused with normal saline (n = 9). The rats were sacrificed to obtain kidney tissues 3 days after treatment. In addition to electrolyte metabolism, changes in expressions of the urate transporters including URAT1 (SLC22A12), GLUT9 (SLC2A9), ABCG2 and NPT1 (SLC17A1) were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the terlipressin-treated rats, serum uric acid (UA) significantly decreased and the excretion of urinary UA significantly increased, resulting in marked increase in fractional excretion of UA. Although no change in the expression of URAT1, GLUT9 expression significantly decreased whereas the expressions of ABCG2 and NPT1 significantly increased in the terlipressin group. The results of immunohistochemistry corroborated with those of the western blotting. Aquaporin 2 expression did not change in the medulla, suggesting the independence of V2 receptor stimulation. CONCLUSION Stimulation of V1a receptor induces the downregulation of GLUT9, reabsorption urate transporter, together with the upregulation of ABCG2 and NPT1, secretion urate transporters, all changes of which clearly lead to increase in renal UA clearance. Hypouricemia seen in SIADH is attributable to V1a receptor stimulation.
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14
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Hanouna G, Haymann JP, Baud L, Letavernier E. Vasopressin regulates renal calcium excretion in humans. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12562. [PMID: 26620256 PMCID: PMC4673622 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidiuretic hormone or arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney. Three decades ago, experimental models have shown that AVP may increase calcium reabsorption in rat kidney. The objective of this study was to assess whether AVP modulates renal calcium excretion in humans. We analyzed calcium, potassium, and sodium fractional excretion in eight patients affected by insipidus diabetes (nephrogenic or central) under acute vasopressin receptor agonist action and in 10 patients undergoing oral water load test affected or not by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Synthetic V2 receptor agonist (dDAVP) reduced significantly calcium fractional excretion from 1.71% to 0.58% (P < 0.05) in patients with central diabetes insipidus. In patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (resistant to AVP), calcium fractional excretion did not change significantly after injection (0.48–0.68%, P = NS). In normal subjects undergoing oral water load test, calcium fractional excretion increased significantly from 1.02% to 2.54% (P < 0.05). Patients affected by SIADH had a high calcium fractional excretion at baseline that remained stable during test from 3.30% to 3.33% (P = NS), possibly resulting from a reduced calcium absorption in renal proximal tubule. In both groups, there was a significant correlation between urine output and calcium renal excretion. In humans, dDAVP decreases calcium fractional excretion in the short term. Conversely, water intake, which lowers AVP concentration, increases calcium fractional excretion. The correlation between urine output and calcium excretion suggests that AVP-related antidiuresis increases calcium reabsorption in collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hanouna
- UMR S 1155, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France UMR S 1155, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- UMR S 1155, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France UMR S 1155, INSERM, Paris, France Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- UMR S 1155, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France UMR S 1155, INSERM, Paris, France Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- UMR S 1155, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France UMR S 1155, INSERM, Paris, France Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Paris, France
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15
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Kortenoeven MLA, Pedersen NB, Rosenbaek LL, Fenton RA. Vasopressin regulation of sodium transport in the distal nephron and collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F280-99. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00093.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released from the posterior pituitary gland during states of hyperosmolality or hypovolemia. AVP is a peptide hormone, with antidiuretic and antinatriuretic properties. It allows the kidneys to increase body water retention predominantly by increasing the cell surface expression of aquaporin water channels in the collecting duct alongside increasing the osmotic driving forces for water reabsorption. The antinatriuretic effects of AVP are mediated by the regulation of sodium transport throughout the distal nephron, from the thick ascending limb through to the collecting duct, which in turn partially facilitates osmotic movement of water. In this review, we will discuss the regulatory role of AVP in sodium transport and summarize the effects of AVP on various molecular targets, including the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NKCC2, the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter NCC, and the epithelial sodium channel ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. A. Kortenoeven
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport (InterPrET), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N. B. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - L. L. Rosenbaek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. A. Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport (InterPrET), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Weiner ID, Leader JP, Bedford JJ, Verlander JW, Ellis G, Kalita P, Vos F, de Jong S, Walker RJ. Effects of chronic lithium administration on renal acid excretion in humans and rats. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/12/e12242. [PMID: 25501430 PMCID: PMC4332220 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium therapy's most common side effects affecting the kidney are nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and chronic kidney disease. Lithium may also induce a distal renal tubular acidosis. This study investigated the effect of chronic lithium exposure on renal acid–base homeostasis, with emphasis on ammonia and citrate excretion. We compared 11 individuals on long‐term lithium therapy with six healthy individuals. Under basal conditions, lithium‐treated individuals excreted significantly more urinary ammonia than did control subjects. Following an acute acid load, urinary ammonia excretion increased approximately twofold above basal rates in both lithium‐treated and control humans. There were no significant differences between lithium‐treated and control subjects in urinary pH or urinary citrate excretion. To elucidate possible mechanisms, rats were randomized to diets containing lithium or regular diet for 6 months. Similar to humans, basal ammonia excretion was significantly higher in lithium‐treated rats; in addition, urinary citrate excretion was also significantly greater. There were no differences in urinary pH. Expression of the critical ammonia transporter, Rhesus C Glycoprotein (Rhcg), was substantially greater in lithium‐treated rats than in control rats. We conclude that chronic lithium exposure increases renal ammonia excretion through mechanisms independent of urinary pH and likely to involve increased collecting duct ammonia secretion via the ammonia transporter, Rhcg. This study investigated the effect of chronic lithium exposure on renal acid–base homeostasis, with emphasis on ammonia and citrate excretion. Chronic lithium exposure increases renal ammonia excretion through mechanisms independent of urinary pH and likely to involve increased collecting duct ammonia secretion via the ammonia transporter, Rhcg.
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Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, NF/SGVHS, Gainesville, Florida Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John P Leader
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jill W Verlander
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gaye Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Priyakshi Kalita
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Frederiek Vos
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia de Jong
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Walker
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
The synthesis of nonpeptide orally bioavailable vasopressin antagonists devoid of agonistic activity (vaptans) has made possible the selective blockade of vasopressin receptor subtypes for therapeutic purposes. Vaptans acting on the vasopressin V2 receptors (aquaretics) have attracted attention as a possible therapy for heart failure and polycystic kidney disease. Despite a solid rationale and encouraging preclinical testing, aquaretics have not improved clinical outcomes in randomized clinical trials for heart failure. Additional clinical trials with select population targets, more flexible dosing schedules, and possibly a different drug type or combination (balanced V1a/V2 receptor antagonism) may be warranted. Aquaretics are promising for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and have been approved in Japan for this indication. More studies are needed to better define their long-term safety and efficacy and optimize their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905;
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18
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Hus-Citharel A, Bodineau L, Frugière A, Joubert F, Bouby N, Llorens-Cortes C. Apelin counteracts vasopressin-induced water reabsorption via cross talk between apelin and vasopressin receptor signaling pathways in the rat collecting duct. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4483-93. [PMID: 25157454 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apelin receptors (ApelinRs) are expressed along an increasing cortico-medullary gradient in collecting ducts (CDs). We showed here that iv injection of apelin 17 (K17F) in lactating rats characterized by increases in both synthesis and release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) increased diuresis concomitantly with a significant decrease in urine osmolality and no change in Na(+) and K(+) excretion. Under these conditions, we also observed a significant decrease in apical aquaporin-2 immunolabeling in CD, with a cortico-medullary gradient, suggesting that K17F-induced diuresis could be linked to a direct action of apelin on CD. We then examined the potential cross talk between V1a AVP receptor (V1a-R), V2 AVP receptor (V2-R) and ApelinR signaling pathways in outer medullary CD (OMCD) and inner medullary CD microdissected rat CD. In OMCD, expressing the 3 receptors, K17F inhibited cAMP production and Ca(2+) influx induced by 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin a V2-R agonist. Similar effects were observed in inner medullary CD expressing only V2-R and ApelinR. In contrast, in OMCD, K17F increased by 51% the Ca(2+) influx induced by the stimulation of V1a-R by AVP in the presence of the V2-R antagonist SR121463B, possibly enhancing the physiological antagonist effect of V1a-R on V2-R. Thus, the diuretic effect of apelin is not only due to a central effect by inhibiting AVP release in the blood circulation as previously shown but also to a direct action of apelin on CD, by counteracting the antidiuretic effect of AVP occurring via V2-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Hus-Citharel
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) (A.H.-C., L.B., A.F., F.J., C.L.-C.), Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm Unit 1050 (A.H.-C., L.B., A.F., F.J., C.L.-C.), 75005 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (A.H.-C., L.B., A.F., F.J., N.B., C.L.-C.), 75005 Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1138 (N.B.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75005 Paris, France; and Université Paris Descartes (N.B.), 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Milik E, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Dobruch J, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Maslinski W. Altered expression of V1a receptors mRNA in the brain and kidney after myocardial infarction and chronic stress. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:257-66. [PMID: 25169016 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin released during myocardial infarction and in response to stress regulates blood pressure through multiple actions exerted in the brain, cardiovascular system and kidney. The aim of the present study was to determine whether myocardial infarction influences expression of vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) mRNA and protein in the brain and kidney and whether stress has an impact on expression of these parameters during the post-infarct state. Male, adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to myocardial infarction or sham surgery. Seven days later some rats were exposed to mild stress for 4weeks whereas other stayed at rest. Tissue fragments were harvested from four groups of rats (control, infarct, stress, infarct+stress). Expression of V1aR mRNA (Real time PCR) was determined in the preoptic, diencephalic, mesencephalopontine and medullary regions of the brain and in the renal cortex and medulla. Protein V1aR expression (Western blotting) was determined in the brain mesencephalopontine region and in the kidney medulla. In the preoptic, diencephalic, and mesencephalopontine regions, V1aR mRNA expression was significantly lower in the infarcted rats than in the sham-operated unstressed controls. The infarcted rats manifested also lower expression of V1aR protein in the mesencephalopontine region than the other groups. The stressed group demonstrated significantly higher V1aR mRNA expression in the brain medulla and in the renal cortex and renal medulla than the control group. In all brain regions and in the kidney, V1aR mRNA expression was significantly higher in the stressed rats than in the infarcted rats. The stressed rats showed also higher expression of V1aR protein in the renal medulla than the other groups. It is concluded that myocardial infarction and chronic stress cause significant but differential changes in the regulation of V1a receptors expression in the brain and the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Milik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Dobruch
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Rinschen MM, Schermer B, Benzing T. Vasopressin-2 receptor signaling and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: from bench to bedside and back again. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1140-7. [PMID: 24556353 PMCID: PMC4033383 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the vasopressin-2 receptor (V2R) in the kidney has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The pathophysiologic basis of V2R-dependent cyst proliferation and disease progression, however, is not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that polycystic kidney disease is characterized by defects in urinary concentrating mechanisms and subsequent deregulation of vasopressin excretion by the neurohypophysis. On the cellular level, several recent studies revealed unexpected crosstalk of signaling pathways downstream of V2R activation in the kidney epithelium. This review summarizes some of the unexpected roles of V2R signaling and suggests that vasopressin signaling itself may contribute crucially to loss of polarity and enhanced proliferation in cystic kidney epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Systems Biology of Aging Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Systems Biology of Aging Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Osmoregulation, vasopressin, and cAMP signaling in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014; 22:459-70. [PMID: 23736843 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3283621510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent inherited nephropathy. This review will focus on the vasopressin and 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways in ADPKD and will discuss how these insights offer new possibilities for the follow-up and treatment of the disease. RECENT FINDINGS Defective osmoregulation is an early manifestation of ADPKD and originates from both peripheral (renal effect of vasopressin) and central (release of vasopressin) components. Copeptin, which is released from the vasopressin precursor, may identify ADPKD patients at risk for rapid disease progression. Increased levels of cAMP in tubular cells, reflecting modifications in intracellular calcium homeostasis and abnormal stimulation of the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R), play a central role in cystogenesis. Blocking the V2R lowers cAMP in cystic tissues, slows renal cystic progression and improves renal function in preclinical models. A phase III clinical trial investigating the effect of the V2R antagonist tolvaptan in ADPKD patients has shown that this treatment blunts kidney growth, reduces associated symptoms and slows kidney function decline when given over 3 years. SUMMARY These advances open perspectives for the understanding of cystogenesis in ADPKD, the mechanisms of osmoregulation, the role of polycystins in the brain, and the pleiotropic action of vasopressin.
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22
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Torres VE, Harris PC. Strategies targeting cAMP signaling in the treatment of polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:18-32. [PMID: 24335972 PMCID: PMC3871779 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a leading cause of ESRD worldwide. In PKD, excessive cell proliferation and fluid secretion, pathogenic interactions of mutated epithelial cells with an abnormal extracellular matrix and alternatively activated interstitial macrophages, and the disruption of mechanisms controlling tubular diameter contribute to cyst formation. Studies with animal models suggest that several diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms, including dysregulation of intracellular calcium levels and cAMP signaling, mediate these cystogenic mechanisms. This article reviews the evidence implicating calcium and cAMP as central players in a network of signaling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of PKD and considers the therapeutic relevance of treatment strategies targeting cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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23
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Nonoguchi H, Izumi Y, Nakayama Y, Matsuzaki T, Yasuoka Y, Inoue T, Inoue H, Mouri T, Kawahara K, Saito H, Tomita K. Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on bicarbonate transport in long- and short-looped medullary thick ascending limbs of rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83146. [PMID: 24376658 PMCID: PMC3871552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is known to influence NaCl transport in the medullary thick ascending limbs (MAL), where the largest NaCl reabsorption occurs among distal nephron segments in response to arginine vasopressin (AVP). In the present study, we investigated the effect of ANP on bicarbonate (HCO3−) transport in the MAL using an isolated tubule perfusion technique. The HCO3− concentration was measured using free-flow ultramicro-fluorometer. We first observed basal HCO3− reabsorption in both long- and short-looped MALs (lMALs, and sMALs, respectively). AVP inhibited HCO3− reabsorption in both lMALs and sMALs, whereas ANP did not change HCO3− transport. However, in the presence of AVP, ANP restored the HCO3− reabsorption inhibited by AVP both in lMAL and sMAL. The effects of ANP on HCO3− transport was mimicked by cyclic GMP. The mRNA expression level of the vasopressin V2 receptor in lMALs was significantly higher than in sMALs, whereas expression of the V1a receptor was unchanged. In summary, AVP inhibits HCO3− transport, and ANP counteracts the action of AVP on HCO3− transport both in lMALs and sMALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Education & Research Center, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yushi Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takanobu Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasuoka
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeaki Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Mouri
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kawahara
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimio Tomita
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wilson JLL, Miranda CA, Knepper MA. Vasopressin and the regulation of aquaporin-2. Clin Exp Nephrol 2013; 17:751-64. [PMID: 23584881 PMCID: PMC3775849 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Water excretion is regulated in large part through the regulation of osmotic water permeability of the renal collecting duct epithelium. Water permeability is controlled by vasopressin through regulation of the water channel, aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Two processes contribute: (1) regulation of AQP2 trafficking to the apical plasma membrane; and (2) regulation of the total amount of the AQP2 protein in the cells. Regulation of AQP2 abundance is defective in several water-balance disorders, including many polyuric disorders and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Here we review vasopressin signaling in the renal collecting duct that is relevant to the two modes of water permeability regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L L Wilson
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg 10, Room 6N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1603, USA
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Lu X, Garrelds IM, Wagner CA, Danser AHJ, Meima ME. (Pro)renin receptor is required for prorenin-dependent and -independent regulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase activity in MDCK.C11 collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F417-25. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00037.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prorenin binding to the prorenin receptor [(P)RR] results in nonproteolytic activation of prorenin but also directly (i.e., independent of angiotensin generation) activates signal transduction cascades that can lead to the upregulation of profibrotic factors. The (P)RR is an accessory protein of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and is required for V-ATPase integrity. In addition, in collecting duct cells, prorenin-induced activation of Erk depends on V-ATPase activity. However, whether prorenin binding to the (P)RR directly regulates V-ATPase activity is as yet unknown. Here, we studied the effect of prorenin on plasma membrane V-ATPase activity in Madin-Darby canine kidney clone 11 (MDCK.C11) cells, which resemble intercalated cells of the collecting duct. Prorenin increased V-ATPase activity at low nanomolar concentrations, and the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1, but not the angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptor blockers irbesartan and PD-123319, prevented this. Increased, but not basal, V-ATPase activity was abolished by small interfering RNA depletion of the (P)RR. Unexpectedly, the putative peptidic (P)RR blocker handle region peptide also increasedV-ATPase activity in a (P)RR-dependent manner. Finally, [Arg8]-vasopressin-stimulated V-ATPase activity and cAMP production were also abolished by (P)RR depletion. Our results show that in MDCK.C11 cells, the (P)RR is required for prorenin-dependent and -independent regulation of V-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Lu
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ingrid M. Garrelds
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - A. H. Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Marcel E. Meima
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
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Yasuoka Y, Kobayashi M, Sato Y, Zhou M, Abe H, Okamoto H, Nonoguchi H, Tanoue A, Kawahara K. The intercalated cells of the mouse kidney OMCD(is) are the target of the vasopressin V1a receptor axis for urinary acidification. Clin Exp Nephrol 2013; 17:783-92. [PMID: 23456233 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) null mice have insufficient acid-base balance, but the target cell for V1aR signaling which results in the urinary acidification has not been identified. METHODS By using a quantitative in situ hybridization technique and a double-staining technique with an anti-AQP3 antibody in mice, we investigated the axial distribution and acidosis-induced expression of V1aR mRNA along the nephron. We also investigated the acidosis-induced morphological change in the tubule cells from wild-type and V1aR-null (V1aR(-/-)) mice. RESULTS In the normal condition, V1aR mRNA was moderately expressed in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) and highly expressed in the intercalated cell (IC) throughout the collecting duct (CD). However, no expression was observed in the proximal tubule, thin limbs of Henle's loop, and the principal cell of the CD. Importantly, V1aR mRNA was upregulated significantly both in the TAL and the IC of the CD in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (MTALis and IC of OMCDis, respectively) when mice were treated with NH4Cl (0.28 mol/L) for 6 days. Acidosis-induced hypertrophy, which was completely attenuated in V1aR(-/-) mice, was observed only in the IC of OMCDis (P < 0.005). In addition, urinary excretion of ammonia (NH3/NH4 (+)) was significantly decreased on day 3 (P < 0.05) and day 6 (P < 0.005) in the V1aR(-/-) mice treated with NH4Cl. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the IC of OMCDis may be the target cell stimulated by the vasopressin V1aR axis and contribute to urinary acidification, at least during metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yasuoka
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
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Age-dependent regulation of renal vasopressin V1A and V2 receptors in rats with genetic hypertension: implications for the treatment of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koshimizu TA, Nakamura K, Egashira N, Hiroyama M, Nonoguchi H, Tanoue A. Vasopressin V1a and V1b Receptors: From Molecules to Physiological Systems. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1813-64. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including water reabsorption, cardiovascular homeostasis, hormone secretion, and social behavior. These and other actions of AVP are mediated by at least three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. Although the antidiuretic action of AVP and V2 receptor in renal distal tubules and collecting ducts is relatively well understood, recent years have seen an increasing understanding of the physiological roles of V1a and V1b receptors. The V1a receptor is originally found in the vascular smooth muscle and the V1b receptor in the anterior pituitary. Deletion of V1a or V1b receptor genes in mice revealed that the contributions of these receptors extend far beyond cardiovascular or hormone-secreting functions. Together with extensively developed pharmacological tools, genetically altered rodent models have advanced the understanding of a variety of AVP systems. Our report reviews the findings in this important field by covering a wide range of research, from the molecular physiology of V1a and V1b receptors to studies on whole animals, including gene knockout/knockdown studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki Koshimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masami Hiroyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Hori K, Nagai T, Izumi Y, Kimura M, Hasuike Y, Nakayama Y, Nanami M, Tokuyama M, Otaki Y, Kuragano T, Kohda Y, Obinata M, Kawahara K, Tanoue A, Tomita K, Nakanishi T, Nonoguchi H. Vasopressin V1a receptor is required for nucleocytoplasmic transport of mineralocorticoid receptor. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1080-8. [PMID: 22811487 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00052.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a deficiency in the vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) results in type 4 renal tubular acidosis, which suggests that vasopressin exerts direct effects on the physiological actions of aldosterone. We investigated the role of vasopressin for nucleocytoplasmic transport of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the intercalated cells. Vasopressin V1aR-deficient (V1aR(-/-)) mice showed largely decreased expression of MR and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) in the medulla of the kidney, which was partially ameliorated by fludrocortisone treatment. The incubation of IN-IC cells, an intercalated cell line established from temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen-expressing rats, with aldosterone or vasopressin increased the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of the MR from 11.2 to 47.2% and from 18.7 to 61.2%, respectively, in 30 min without any changes in MR expression from the whole cell extract. The immunohistochemistry analysis of the IN-IC cells revealed the nuclear accumulation of MRs after a 30-min incubation with aldosterone or vasopressin. These effects were accompanied by an increase in regulator of chromosome condensation-1 (RCC-1) due to aldosterone and a decrease in Ran GTPase-activating protein 1 (Ran Gap1) due to vasopressin. RNA interference against V1aR abolished the nuclear accumulation of MR induced by aldosterone or vasopressin. Vasopressin increased PKCα and -β(1) expression, and aldosterone increased PKCδ and -ζ expression, but these effects were abolished with a V1aR knockdown. These results suggest that vasopressin directly regulates the nucleocytoplasmic transport of MRs via the V1aR in the intercalated cells of the collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Hori
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kitasao Univ. Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
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Li XC, Shao Y, Zhuo JL. AT1a receptor signaling is required for basal and water deprivation-induced urine concentration in AT1a receptor-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F746-56. [PMID: 22739536 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00644.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that ANG II interacts with arginine vasopressin (AVP) to regulate water reabsorption and urine concentration in the kidney. The present study used ANG II type 1a (AT(1a)) receptor-deficient (Agtr1a(-/-)) mice to test the hypothesis that AT(1a) receptor signaling is required for basal and water deprivation-induced urine concentration in the renal medulla. Eight groups of wild-type (WT) and Agtr1a(-/-) mice were treated with or without 24-h water deprivation and 1-desamino-8-d-AVP (DDAVP; 100 ng/h ip) for 2 wk or with losartan (10 mg/kg ip) during water deprivation. Under basal conditions, Agtr1a(-/-) mice had lower systolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), greater than threefold higher 24-h urine excretion (WT mice: 1.3 ± 0.1 ml vs. Agtr1a(-/-) mice: 5.9 ± 0.7 ml, P < 0.01), and markedly decreased urine osmolality (WT mice: 1,834 ± 86 mosM/kg vs. Agtr1a(-/-) mice: 843 ± 170 mosM/kg, P < 0.01), without significant changes in 24-h urinary Na(+) excretion. These responses in Agtr1a(-/-) mice were associated with lower basal plasma AVP (WT mice: 105 ± 8 pg/ml vs. Agtr1a(-/-) mice: 67 ± 6 pg/ml, P < 0.01) and decreases in total lysate and membrane aquaporin-2 (AQP2; 48.6 ± 7% of WT mice, P < 0.001) and adenylyl cyclase isoform III (55.6 ± 8% of WT mice, P < 0.01) proteins. Although 24-h water deprivation increased plasma AVP to the same levels in both strains, 24-h urine excretion was still higher, whereas urine osmolality remained lower, in Agtr1a(-/-) mice (P < 0.01). Water deprivation increased total lysate AQP2 proteins in the inner medulla but had no effect on adenylyl cyclase III, phosphorylated MAPK ERK1/2, and membrane AQP2 proteins in Agtr1a(-/-) mice. Furthermore, infusion of DDAVP for 2 wk was unable to correct the urine-concentrating defects in Agtr1a(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that AT(1a) receptor-mediated ANG II signaling is required to maintain tonic AVP release and regulate V(2) receptor-mediated responses to water deprivation in the inner medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao C Li
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of MississippiMedical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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Morooka H, Iwanaga Y, Tamaki Y, Takase T, Akahoshi Y, Nakano Y, Fujiki H, Miyazaki S. Chronic administration of oral vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan exerts both myocardial and renal protective effects in rats with hypertensive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:484-92. [PMID: 22628529 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.111.965392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of the oral vasopressin (AVP) type 2 receptor (V2R) antagonist tolvaptan, its long-term effects on the myocardium and kidney in heart failure (HF) are not clear. We examined the chronic effects of tolvaptan administration on both the myocardium and kidney in a rat hypertensive HF model. METHODS AND RESULTS Not only circulating AVP level but also myocardial AVP and V1a receptor (V1aR) expressions, renal V1aR, and V2R expressions were significantly upregulated during the transition to HF. The animals were chronically treated with low-dose or high-dose (HD) tolvaptan or vehicle from the left ventricular (LV) hypertrophic stage. Chronic tolvaptan treatment persistently increased urine volume but did not affect blood pressure. In the HD group, the animal survival significantly improved (log-rank test, P<0.01). At the HF stage, the progression of LV dysfunction was prevented and lung congestion was suppressed. Activation of atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin-1, AVP, and V1aR mRNA levels were significantly suppressed in the LV myocardium. Meanwhile, renal histopathologic damage was ameliorated and renal function was improved in the HD group at the HF stage. Concomitantly, not only activation of aquaporin-2 but also those of V2R, V1aR, renin, and endothelin-1 in the kidney were significantly suppressed (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that chronic tolvaptan treatment has beneficial effects by preventing not only the progression of LV dysfunction but also that of renal injury in hypertensive rats with HF. The underlying mechanism may be related to the suppression of myocardial and renal neurohumoral activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Morooka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Devuyst O, Wang X, Serra A. Vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: from man to mouse and back. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2423-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Izumi Y, Hori K, Nakayama Y, Kimura M, Hasuike Y, Nanami M, Kohda Y, Otaki Y, Kuragano T, Obinata M, Kawahara K, Tanoue A, Tomita K, Nakanishi T, Nonoguchi H. Aldosterone requires vasopressin V1a receptors on intercalated cells to mediate acid-base homeostasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:673-80. [PMID: 21415155 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Both aldosterone and luminal vasopressin may contribute to the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, but the functional relationship between these hormones is not well understood. The effects of luminal vasopressin likely result from its interaction with V1a receptors on the luminal membranes of intercalated cells in the collecting duct. Here, we found that mice lacking the V1a receptor exhibit type 4 renal tubular acidosis. The administration of the mineralocorticoid agonist fludrocortisone ameliorated the acidosis by restoring excretion of urinary ammonium via increased expression of Rhcg and H-K-ATPase and decreased expression of H-ATPase. In a cell line of intercalated cells established from transgenic rats expressing the mineralocorticoid and V1a receptors, but not V2 receptors, knockdown of the V1a receptor gene abrogated the effects of aldosterone on H-K-ATPase, Rhcg, and H-ATPase expression. These data suggest that defects in the vasopressin V1a receptor in intercalated cells can cause type 4 renal tubular acidosis and that the tubular effects of aldosterone depend on a functional V1a receptor in the intercalated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Meijer E, Gansevoort RT, de Jong PE, van der Wal AM, Leonhard WN, de Krey SR, van den Born J, Mulder GM, van Goor H, Struck J, de Heer E, Peters DJM. Therapeutic potential of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in a mouse model for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: optimal timing and dosing of the drug. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2445-53. [PMID: 21393612 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renoprotective effect of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (V2RA) is currently being tested in a clinical trial in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). If efficacious, this warrants life-long treatment with V2RA, however, with associated side effects as polydipsia and polyuria. We questioned whether we could reduce the side effects without influencing the renoprotective effect by starting the treatment later in the disease or by lowering drug dosage. METHODS To investigate this, we administered V2RA OPC-31260 at a high (0.1%) and low (0.05%) dose to a tamoxifen-inducible kidney epithelium-specific Pkd1-deletion mouse model starting treatment at Day 21 (early) or 42 (advanced). After 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, we monitored physiologic and potential renoprotective effects. RESULTS Initiation of V2RA treatment at advanced stage of the disease lacked renoprotective effects and had less pronounced physiologic effects than early initiation. After 3 weeks on a high dose, cyst ratio and kidney weight were reduced versus untreated controls (18 versus 25%, P = 0.05, and 0.33 versus 0.45 g, P = 0.03, respectively). After 6 weeks of treatment, however, this did not reach significance anymore, even at a high dose (cyst ratio 24 versus 27%, P = 0.12, and kidney weight 0.55 versus 0.66 g, P = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that intervention with V2RA should be instituted early in ADPKD and that it might be necessary to further increase the dosage of this drug later in the disease to decrease cyst growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meijer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Torres VE. Vasopressin in chronic kidney disease: an elephant in the room? Kidney Int 2009; 76:925-8. [PMID: 19829311 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perico et al. report that a dual arginine vasopressin (AVP) V(2) and V(1a) receptor antagonist lowers blood pressure, proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, pointing to its potential value in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). AVP likely contributes to CKD progression by its effects on renal hemodynamics, blood pressure, and mesangial and/or epithelial cells, but the relative contributions of V(2) and V(1a) receptors and potential usefulness of V(2) and V(1a) receptor antagonists remain ill defined.
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Mutig K, Saritas T, Uchida S, Kahl T, Borowski T, Paliege A, Böhlick A, Bleich M, Shan Q, Bachmann S. Short-term stimulation of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter by vasopressin involves phosphorylation and membrane translocation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 298:F502-9. [PMID: 20007345 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00476.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin influences salt and water transport in renal epithelia. This is coordinated by the combined action of V2 receptor-mediated effects along distinct nephron segments. Modulation of NaCl reabsorption by vasopressin has been established in the loop of Henle, but its role in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), an effective site for fine regulation of urinary electrolyte composition and the target for thiazide diuretics, is largely unknown. The Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) of DCT is activated by luminal trafficking and phosphorylation at conserved NH2-terminal residues. Here, we demonstrate the effects of short-term vasopressin administration (30 min) on NCC activation in Brattleboro rats with central diabetes insipidus (DI) using the V2 receptor agonist desmopressin (dDAVP). The fraction of NCC abundance in the luminal plasma membrane was significantly increased upon dDAVP as shown by confocal microscopy, immunogold cytochemistry, and Western blot, suggesting increased apical trafficking of the transporter. Changes were paralleled by augmented phosphorylation of NCC as detected by antibodies against phospho-threonine and phospho-serine residues (2.5-fold increase at Thr53 and 1.4-fold increase at Ser71). dDAVP-induced phosphorylation of NCC, studied in tubular suspensions in the absence of systemic effects, was enhanced as well (1.7-fold increase at Ser71), which points to the direct mode of action of vasopressin in DCT. Changes were more pronounced in early (DCT1) than in late DCT as distinguished by the distribution of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 in DCT2. These results suggest that the vasopressin-V(2) receptor-NCC signaling cascade is a novel effector system to adjust transepithelial NaCl reabsorption in DCT.
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Dos Santos PM, Freitas FP, Mendes J, Tararthuch AL, Fernandez R. Differential regulation of H+-ATPases in MDCK-C11 cells by aldosterone and vasopressin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:653-65. [DOI: 10.1139/y09-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to characterize the biochemical activity of the proton pumps present in the C11 clone of Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, akin to intercalated cells of the collecting duct, as well as to study their regulation by hormones like aldosterone and vasopressin. MDCK-C11 cells from passages 78 to 86 were utilized. The reaction to determine H+-ATPase activity was started by addition of cell homogenates to tubes contained the assay medium. The inorganic phosphate (Pi) released was determined by a colorimetric method modified from that described by Fiske and Subbarow. Changes in intracellular calcium concentration in the cells was determined using the Ca2+-sensing dye fluo-4 AM. Homogenates of MDCK-C11 cells present a bafilomycin-sensitive activity (vacuolar H+-ATPase), and a vanadate-sensitive activity (H+/K+-ATPase). The bafilomycin-sensitive activity showed a pH optimum of 6.12. ATPase activity was also stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion as K+ concentration was increased between 0 and 50 mmol·L–1, with an apparent Km for the release of Pi of 0.13 mmol·L–1 and Vmax of 22.01 nmol·mg–1·min–1. Incubation of cell monolayers with 10−8 mol·L–1 aldosterone for 24 h significantly increased vacuolar H+-ATPase activity, an effect prevented by 10−5 mol·L–1 spironolactone. Vacuolar H+-ATPase activity was also stimulated by 10−11 mol·L–1 vasopressin, an effect prevented by a V1 receptor-specific antagonist. This dose of vasopressin determined a sustained rise of cytosolic ionized calcium. We conclude that (i) homogenates of MDCK-C11 cells present a bafilomycin-sensitive (H+-ATPase) activity and a vanadate-sensitive (H+/K+-ATPase) activity, and (ii) vacuolar H+-ATPase activity is activated by aldosterone through a genomic pathway and by vasopressin through V1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M.C. Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabio P. Freitas
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jeane Mendes
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Tararthuch
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
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Memetimin H, Izumi Y, Nakayama Y, Kohda Y, Inoue H, Nonoguchi H, Tomita K. Low pH stimulates vasopressin V2 receptor promoter activity and enhances downregulation induced by V1a receptor stimulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F620-8. [PMID: 19587140 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90520.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a key role in the urine concentration mechanism via the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in the kidney. It is well known that V2R is localized on the basolateral side and the V1a receptor (V1aR) is distributed on the luminal side of the collecting ducts. Previously, we reported an increase of V1aR mRNA and a decrease of V2R mRNA in the collecting ducts under chronic metabolic acidosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of V2R in acidic conditions has not yet been determined. In the present study, we investigated the effect of changes in pH on V2R promoter activity, using the LLC-PK(1) cell line stably expressing rat V1aR (LLC-PK(1)/rV1aR). The rV2R promoter activity was significantly increased at 12 h after the incubation in low-pH conditions, which was sustained for 24 h. mRNA and protein expressions of V2R were also increased in low-pH conditions. V1aR stimulation suppressed rV2R promoter activity in a pH-dependent manner. PKA and JNK inhibitors suppressed rV2R promoter activity in both neutral and low-pH conditions without FBS. However, a JNK inhibitor prevented the increase of V2R promoter activity only in low-pH conditions in the presence of FBS. In summary, V2R expression is increased at transcriptional, mRNA, and protein levels in LLC-PK(1)/rV1aR cells under low-pH conditions. Acidic condition-induced V2R enhancement was suppressed by V1aR stimulation, suggesting the crucial role of V1aR in water and electrolyte homeostasis in acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasiyet Memetimin
- Dept. of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto Univ., 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Li XC, Shao Y, Zhuo JL. AT1a receptor knockout in mice impairs urine concentration by reducing basal vasopressin levels and its receptor signaling proteins in the inner medulla. Kidney Int 2009; 76:169-77. [PMID: 19387470 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, body salt and fluid balance, and urine concentration. Mice with deletion of the AT(1a) receptor develop polyuria and urine concentration defects. We studied the mechanisms of these urine concentration defects by treating wild-type and AT(1a)-knockout mice with arginine vasopressin (AVP) for 2 weeks, controlling their water intake, or giving them an osmotic diuretic (sucrose) in order to determine whether central or nephrogenic mechanisms were involved. Under basal conditions, AT(1a)-knockout mice were hypotensive, had lower plasma AVP, and excreted more urine with a markedly reduced osmolality compared with wild-type mice. However, basal glomerular filtration rates were similar in both strains of mice. We isolated total lysate and membrane proteins from the inner medulla of wild-type and mutant mouse kidneys, and found that the amounts of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), adenylyl cyclases III and V/VI, and phosphorylated MAP kinases ERK 1/2 proteins were all reduced in the inner medulla of the knockout mice. Infusion of AVP raised plasma levels and blood pressure proportionally in both strains, but polyuria persisted and urine osmolality remained significantly lower in the knockout mice. Although AVP increased urine osmolality slightly in water-deprived knockout mice, this was well below the basal osmolality of wild-type mice. The diuretic response to the hyperosmotic sucrose was also impaired in the knockout mice. Neither AVP nor water rationing restored the levels of the inner medullary signaling proteins and membrane AQP2 proteins in the knockout mice. We suggest that AT(1a) receptor deletion causes polyuria and urine concentration defects by decreasing basal AVP release and impairing AVP-induced receptor signaling in the inner medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao C Li
- Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Izumi Y, Nakayama Y, Memetimin H, Inoue T, Kohda Y, Nonoguchi H, Tomita K. Regulation of V2R transcription by hypertonicity and V1aR-V2R signal interaction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1170-6. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00119.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and hypertonicity in the renal medulla play a major role in the urine concentration mechanism. Previously, we showed that rat vasopressin V2 receptor (rV2R) promoter activity was increased by vasopressin V2R stimulation and decreased by vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) stimulation in a LLC-PK1 cell line stably expressing rat V1aR (LLC-PK1/rV1aR). In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypertonicity on the rV2R promoter activity and on the suppression of rV2R promoter activity by V1aR stimulation in LLC-PK1/rV1aR cells. rV2R promoter activity was increased in NaCl- or mannitol-induced hypertonicity. The hypertonicity-responsive site in the rV2R promoter region was limited to 10 bp, including the Sp1 motif. The increase of V2R promoter activity by hypertonicity was significantly inhibited by a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and PKA inhibitor (H89). In contrast, rV2R promoter activity was remarkably suppressed by V1aR stimulation in the hypertonic condition rather than in the isotonic condition. The AVP-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased in the hypertonic condition, suggesting the functional activation of V1aR by hypertonicity. In conclusion, 1) V2R promoter activity is increased by hypertonicity via the JNK and PKA pathways, 2) suppression of V2R expression by the V1aR-Ca2+ pathway is enhanced by hypertonicity, and 3) hypertonicity enhances the V1aR-Ca2+ pathway. The counteractivity of V2R and V1aR could be required to maintain minimum urine volume in the dehydrated state.
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Aoyagi T, Izumi Y, Hiroyama M, Matsuzaki T, Yasuoka Y, Sanbe A, Miyazaki H, Fujiwara Y, Nakayama Y, Kohda Y, Yamauchi J, Inoue T, Kawahara K, Saito H, Tomita K, Nonoguchi H, Tanoue A. Vasopressin regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system via V1a receptors in macula densa cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F100-7. [PMID: 18448596 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00088.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is well known to exert its antidiuretic effect via the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R), whereas the role of the vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) in the kidney remains to be clarified. Previously, we reported decreased plasma volume and blood pressure in V1a receptor-deficient (V1aR-/-) mice (Koshimizu T, Nasa Y, Tanoue A, Oikawa R, Kawahara Y, Kiyono Y, Adachi T, Tanaka T, Kuwaki T, Mori T. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 7807-7812, 2006). In this study, we investigated the role of V1aR in urine concentration, renal function, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) using V1aR-/- mice. Urine volume of V1aR-/- mice was greater than that of wild-type mice, particularly when water was loaded, while the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary NaCl excretion, AVP-dependent cAMP generation, V2R, and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in the kidney were lower, indicating that the diminished GFR and V2R-AQP2 system led to impaired urinary concentration in V1aR-/- mice. Since the GFR and V2R-AQP2 system are regulated by RAS, we analyzed renin and angiotensin II in V1aR-/- mice and found that the plasma renin and angiotensin II were decreased. The expression of renin in granule cells was decreased in V1aR-/- mice, which led to a decreased level of plasma renin. In addition, the expression of renin stimulators such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in macula densa (MD) cells, where V1aR was specifically expressed, was decreased in V1aR-/- mice. These data indicate that AVP regulates body fluid homeostasis and GFR via the V1aR in MD cells by activating RAS and subsequently the V2R-AQP2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Aoyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Fenton RA, Brønd L, Nielsen S, Praetorius J. Cellular and subcellular distribution of the type-2 vasopressin receptor in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F748-60. [PMID: 17553938 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00316.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is essential for maintaining body fluid homeostasis. The antidiuretic effects of AVP are initialized by binding of AVP to the type-2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) in the kidney collecting duct (CD), resulting in the exocytic insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) water channels into the apical plasma membrane. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of a polyclonal antibody targeted against the NH2 terminus of the rat V2R. HEK-293 cells overexpressing the rat, mouse, or human V2R showed strong intracellular immunolabeling. Additionally, immunostaining of M-1 kidney cells expressing a V2R-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct showed colocalization between GFP and antibody-specific V2R labeling. Immunoblots of rat kidney showed 43- and 47-kDa proteins in all zones that were both reduced to 34-kDa by N-glycosidase F. Protein solubilization with nonionic detergents or the use of homobifunctional cross-linkers demonstrated that the rat V2R exists as a protein complex in native kidney. Immunohistochemistry of rat and mouse kidney revealed abundant labeling of the CD. Double-labeling confocal immunofluorescence microscopy [using distal convoluted tubule/connecting tubule (CNT)-specific marker calbindin and CNT/CD-specific marker AQP-2] showed V2R labeling in both CD and CNT. There was a complete absence of labeling in vascular structures and other renal tubules, including the thick ascending limb (TAL), although RT-PCR of microdissected tubules showed expression of V2R mRNA in TAL. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that at the subcellular level, V2R labeling was predominantly intracellular in normal kidneys, although some staining was apparent in basolateral membrane domains. Confocal microscopy of isolated inner medullary collecting duct tubules showed that the V2R is expressed both intracellularly and in basolateral membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenton
- The Water and Salt Research Center, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Mutig K, Paliege A, Kahl T, Jöns T, Müller-Esterl W, Bachmann S. Vasopressin V2 receptor expression along rat, mouse, and human renal epithelia with focus on TAL. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1166-77. [PMID: 17626156 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00196.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In renal epithelia, vasopressin influences salt and water transport, chiefly via vasopressin V(2) receptors (V(2)Rs) linked to adenylyl cyclase. A combination of vasopressin-induced effects along several distinct portions of the nephron and collecting duct system may help balance the net effects of antidiuresis in cortex and medulla. Previous studies of the intrarenal distribution of V(2)Rs have been inconclusive with respect to segment- and cell-type-related V(2)R expression. Our study therefore aimed to present a high-resolution analysis of V(2)R mRNA expression in rat, mouse, and human kidney epithelia, supplemented with immunohistochemical data. Cell types of the renal tubule were identified histochemically using specific markers. Pronounced V(2)R signal in thick ascending limb (TAL) was corroborated functionally; phosphorylation of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2) was established in cultured TAL cells from rabbit and in rats with diabetes insipidus that were treated with the V(2)R agonist desmopressin. We found solid expression of V(2)R mRNA in medullary TAL (MTAL), macula densa, connecting tubule, and cortical and medullary collecting duct and weaker expression in cortical TAL and distal convoluted tubule in all three species. Additional V(2)R immunostaining of kidneys and rabbit TAL cells confirmed our findings. In agreement with strong V(2)R expression in MTAL, kidneys from rats with diabetes insipidus and cultured TAL cells revealed sharp, selective increases in NKCC2 phosphorylation upon desmopressin treatment. Macula densa cells constitutively showed strong NKCC2 phosphorylation. Results suggest comparably significant effects of vasopressin-induced V(2)R signaling in MTAL and in connecting tubule/collecting duct principal cells across the three species. Strong V(2)R expression in macula densa may be related to tubulovascular signal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mutig
- Department of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2007; 16:388-93. [PMID: 17565283 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3282472fd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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