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Yang L, He T, Yu Y. Uric acid promotes interleukin-17 expression to cause kidney injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23550. [PMID: 37815028 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid, an oxidation end-product of purine metabolism, is reportedly to be a risk factor for kidney injury. However, its underlying mechanism is still a mystery. This study aimed to reveal the detailed roles of uric acid in inducing kidney injury and the possible mechanisms. Injection of rats with uric acid significantly increased tubular injury score, and levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urine kidney injury molecule-1. Uric acid increased the expression of collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis result showed the IL-17 signaling pathway as the most significantly enriched pathway involved in hyperuricemia-related kidney injury. Long-term injection of uric acid induced significant production of IL-17 and recruitment of Th17 cells. Treating rats with the anti-IL-17 mAb attenuated uric acid-induced kidney injury, accompanied by the inactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In conclusion, uric acid was confirmed to be a risk factor for kidney injury via inducing IL-17 expression. Neutralization of IL-17 using the specific mAb relieved uric acid-induced kidney injury via inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tianwei He
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanming Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, PR China
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2
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Ma L, Wang J, Ma L, Ge Y, Wang XM. The effect of lipid metabolism disorder on patients with hyperuricemia using Multi-Omics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18211. [PMID: 37875599 PMCID: PMC10598229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiomics study was conducted to investigate how lipid metabolism disorders affect the immune system in Xinjiang patients with hyperuricemia. The serum of 60 healthy individuals and 60 patients with hyperuricemia was collected. This study used LC-MS and HPLC to analyze differential lipid metabolites and enrichment pathways. It measured levels of immune factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), glucose (Glu), lactic acid (LD), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and selenoprotein 1 (SEP1) using ELISA, as well as to confirm dysregulation of lipid metabolism in hyperuricemia. 33 differential lipid metabolites were significantly upregulated in patients with hyperuricemia. These lipid metabolites were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, and alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism pathways. Moreover, IL-10, CPT1, IL-6, SEP1, TGF-β1, Glu, TNF-α, and LD were associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism. In patients with hyperuricemia of Han and Uyghur nationalities, along with healthy individuals, significant differences in CPT1, TGF-β1, Glu, and LD were demonstrated by ELISA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of SEP1, IL-6, TGF-β1, Glu, and LD differed considerably between groups of the same ethnicity (P < 0.05). It was found that 33 kinds of lipid metabolites were significantly different in patients with hyperuricemia, which mainly involved 5 metabolic pathways. According to the results of further studies, it is speculated that CPT1, TGF-β1, SEP1, IL-6, Glu and LD may increase fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in patients through glycerophospholipid pathway, reduce the rate of glycolysis, and other pathways to change metabolic patterns, promote different cellular functions, and thus affect the disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, 312400, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xian Min Wang
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Wang X, Dong L, Dong Y, Bao Z, Lin S. Corn Silk Flavonoids Ameliorate Hyperuricemia via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37294890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a widespread metabolic disease marked by an elevated level of uric acid, and is a risk factor for premature death. The protective effect of corn silk flavonoids (CSF) against HUA and its potential mechanisms were explored. Five important apoptosis and inflammation-related signaling pathways were identified by network pharmacological analysis. The CSF exhibited significant uric acid (UA)-lowering activity in vitro by decreasing xanthine oxidase (XOD) and increasing hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase levels. In a potassium oxonate-induced HUA in vivo, CSF treatment effectively inhibited XOD activity and promoted UA excretion. Furthermore, it decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and restored pathological damage. In summary, CSF is a functional food component to improve HUA by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through the down-regulating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Liu Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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4
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Guo XL, Gao YY, Yang YX, Zhu QF, Guan HY, He X, Zhang CL, Wang Y, Xu GB, Zou SH, Wei MC, Zhang J, Zhang JJ, Liao SG. Amelioration effects of α-viniferin on hyperuricemia and hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154868. [PMID: 37209608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Viniferin, the major constituent of the roots of Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder with a trimeric resveratrol oligostilbenoid skeleton, was demonstrated to possess a strong inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase in vitro, suggesting it to be a potential anti-hyperuricemia agent. However, the in vivo anti-hyperuricemia effect and its underlying mechanism were still unknown. PURPOSE The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect of α-viniferin in a mouse model and to assess its safety profile with emphasis on its protective effect on hyperuricemia-induced renal injury. METHODS The effects were assessed in a potassium oxonate (PO)- and hypoxanthine (HX)-induced hyperuricemia mice model by analyzing the levels of serum uric acid (SUA), urine uric acid (UUA), serum creatinine (SCRE), serum urea nitrogen (SBUN), and histological changes. Western blotting and transcriptomic analysis were used to identify the genes, proteins, and signaling pathways involved. RESULTS α-Viniferin treatment significantly reduced SUA levels and markedly mitigated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury in the hyperuricemia mice. Besides, α-viniferin did not show any obvious toxicity in mice. Research into the mechanism of action of α-viniferin revealed that it not only inhibited uric acid formation by acting as an XOD inhibitor, but also reduced uric acid absorption by acting as a GLUT9 and URAT1 dual inhibitor as well as promoted uric acid excretion by acting as a ABCG2 and OAT1 dual activator. Then, 54 differentially expressed (log2 FPKM ≥ 1.5, p ≤ 0.01) genes (DEGs) repressed by the treatment of α-viniferin in the hyperuricemia mice were identified in the kidney. Finally, gene annotation results revealed that downregulation of S100A9 in the IL-17 pathway, of CCR5 and PIK3R5 in the chemokine signaling pathway, and of TLR2, ITGA4, and PIK3R5 in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were involved in the protective effect of α-viniferin on the hyperuricemia-induced renal injury. CONCLUSIONS α-Viniferin inhibited the production of uric acid through down-regulation of XOD in hyperuricemia mice. Besides, it also down-regulated the expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9 and up-regulated the expressions of ABCG2 and OAT1 to promote the excretion of uric acid. α-Viniferin could prevent hyperuricemia mice from renal damage by regulating the IL-17, chemokine, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Collectively, α-viniferin was a promising antihyperuricemia agent with desirable safety profile. This is the first report of α-viniferin as an antihyperuricemia agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan-Yu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xun He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines & Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Ministry of Education & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shu-Han Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao-Chen Wei
- Guiyang Xintian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China; Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 2000000, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Juan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, 550025, Guizhou, China; National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines & Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Ministry of Education & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China.
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5
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Liu P, Ma G, Wang Y, Wang L, Li P. Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine on gouty nephropathy: Based on NF-κB signalingpathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114199. [PMID: 36916428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the final product of purine metabolism, excess serum uric acid (SUA) aggravates the process of some metabolic diseases. SUA causes renal tubule damage, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerular hardening, leading to gouty nephropathy (GN). A growing number of investigations have shown that NF-κB mediated inflammation and oxidative stress have been directly involved in the pathogenesis of GN. Traditional Chinese medicine's treatment methods of GN have amassed a wealth of treatment experience. In this review, we first describe the mechanism of NF-κB signaling pathways in GN. Subsequently, we highlight traditional Chinese medicine that can treat GN through NF-κB pathways. Finally, commenting on promising candidate targets of herbal medicine for GN treatment via suppressing NF-κB signaling pathways was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Guijie Ma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lifan Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li N, Amatjan M, He P, Wu M, Yan H, Shao X. Whole transcriptome expression profiles in kidney samples from rats with hyperuricaemic nephropathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276591. [PMID: 36534664 PMCID: PMC9762607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricaemic nephropathy (HN) is a common clinical complication of hyperuricaemia (HUA) and poses a huge threat to human health. Hence, we aimed to prospectively investigate the dysregulated genes, pathways and networks involved in HN by performing whole transcriptome sequencing using RNA sequencing. Six kidney samples from HN group (n = 3) and a control group (n = 3) were obtained to conduct RNA sequencing. To disclose the relevant signalling pathways, we conducted the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was established to reveal the interactions between lncRNAs, circRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs and investigate the potential mechanisms of HN. Ultimately, 2250 mRNAs, 306 lncRNAs, 5 circRNAs, and 70 miRNAs were determined to be significantly differentially expressed in the HN group relative to the control group. We further authenticated 8 differentially expressed (DE)-ncRNAs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and these findings were in accordance with the sequencing results. The analysis results evidently showed that these DE-ncRNAs were significantly enriched in pathways related to inflammatory reaction. In conclusion, HUA may generate abnormal gene expression changes and regulate signalling pathways in kidney samples. Potentially related genes and pathways involved in HN were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mukaram Amatjan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengke He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiwei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Li MH, Guan J, Chen Z, Mo JX, Wu KR, Hu XG, Lan T, Guo J. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115644. [PMID: 35987412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive serum uric acid (SUA) causes hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), characterized by inflammatory infiltration and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Most recently, we demonstrated that Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsule attenuated diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of renal inflammation and fibrosis. However, whether FTZ ameliorates HN is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the protective roles and mechanism of FTZ in mouse renal injury and fibrosis under hyperuricemic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS HN mice, induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, were administrated with 600 and 1200 mg/kg FTZ (intragastrically) daily for three weeks. SUA levels, renal functions and histological changes were analyzed. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) and RNA sequencing were used to identify the roles and underlying mechanism of FTZ in HN mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that FTZ treatment mitigated renal injury in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in SUA, serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels, as well as improved renal histology. FTZ markedly attenuates inflammasome activation, collagen deposition and the imbalance of uric acid transporters. RNA-sequencing revealed a key mechanism involved in the protective effects on HN mice was related to PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Western blot also confirmed that FTZ diminished the phosphorylation of AKT and p65 in HN mice. CONCLUSIONS FTZ prevents renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis in HN mice via promoting uric acid excretion and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jin Guan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Ju-Xian Mo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Kai-Reng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Xu-Guang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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8
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Gupta S, Gudsoorkar P, Jhaveri KD. Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Cancer. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1385-1398. [PMID: 35338071 PMCID: PMC9625110 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.15681221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cancer therapy have significantly improved overall patient survival; however, AKI remains a common complication in patients with cancer, occurring in anywhere from 11% to 22% of patients, depending on patient-related or cancer-specific factors. Critically ill patients with cancer as well as patients with certain malignancies (e.g., leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and renal cell carcinoma) are at highest risk of developing AKI. AKI may be a consequence of the underlying malignancy itself or from the wide array of therapies used to treat it. Cancer-associated AKI can affect virtually every compartment of the nephron and can present as subclinical AKI or as overt acute tubular injury, tubulointerstitial nephritis, or thrombotic microangiopathy, among others. AKI can have major repercussions for patients with cancer, potentially jeopardizing further eligibility for therapy and leading to greater morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the epidemiology of AKI in critically ill patients with cancer, risk factors for AKI, and common pathologies associated with certain cancer therapies, as well as the management of AKI in different clinical scenarios. It highlights gaps in our knowledge of AKI in patients with cancer, including the lack of validated biomarkers, as well as evidence-based therapies to prevent AKI and its deleterious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prakash Gudsoorkar
- Division of Nephrology & Kidney Clinical Advancement, Research & Education Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kenar D. Jhaveri
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
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9
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Tumor Lysis Syndrome: An Endless Challenge in Onco-Nephrology. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051012. [PMID: 35625753 PMCID: PMC9138780 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a common cause of acute kidney injury in patients with malignancies, and it is a frequent condition for which the nephrologist is consulted in the case of the hospitalized oncological patient. Recognizing the patients at risk of developing TLS is essential, and so is the prophylactic treatment. The initiation of treatment for TLS is a medical emergency that must be addressed in a multidisciplinary team (oncologist, nephrologist, critical care physician) in order to reduce the risk of death and that of chronic renal impairment. TLS can occur spontaneously in the case of high tumor burden or may be caused by the initiation of highly efficient anti-tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, dexamethasone, monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T therapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is caused by lysis of tumor cells and the release of cellular components in the circulation, resulting in electrolytes and metabolic disturbances that can lead to organ dysfunction and even death. The aim of this paper is to review the scientific data on the updated definition of TLS, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and recognition of patients at risk of developing TLS, as well as to point out the recent advances in TLS treatment.
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10
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Cidade-Rodrigues C, Cunha FM, Elias C, Oliveira D, Bettencourt P, Lourenço P. The prognostic impact of uric acid in acute heart failure according to coexistence of diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3377-3383. [PMID: 34625362 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased uric acid levels predict higher mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) appear to have increased xanthine oxidase activity. We aimed to study if the association between uric acid and mortality in acute HF was different according to the coexistence of DM. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a cohort of patients hospitalized due to acute HF in 2009-2010. Patients with no uric acid measurement upon admission were excluded from the analysis. FOLLOW-UP 2 years; endpoint: all-cause mortality. Patients with elevated uric acid (>80.0 mg/L) were compared with those with lower values. We used a multivariate Cox-regression analysis to assess the prognostic impact of uric acid (both continuous and categorical variable: cut-off 80.0 mg/L). The analysis was stratified according to coexistence of DM. We studied 569 acute HF patients, 44.6%male, mean age 76 years, 290 were diabetic. Median admission uric acid: 81.2 mg/L and 52.2%had uric acid >80.0 mg/L. Elevated uric acid predicted all-cause mortality in acute HF only in patients with DM. The multivariate-adjusted HR of 2-year mortality was 1.68 (95 % CI: 1.15-2.46) for diabetic HF patients with uric acid>80.0 mg/L compared to those with lower levels (p = 0.008) and 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.03-1.18) per each 10 mg/L increase in uric acid (p = 0.007). In non-diabetic HF patients, uric acid was not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Increased uric acid predicts ominous outcome in acute HF patients with diabetes, however, it is not prognostic associated in non-diabetics. Uric acid may play a different role in acute HF depending on DM status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe M Cunha
- Endocrinology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Elias
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Portugal
| | - Diana Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Medicine Faculty, Porto University, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Hospital CUF Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular R&D Unit (UnIC), Portugal
| | - Patrícia Lourenço
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Portugal; Medicine Faculty, Porto University, Portugal; Cardiovascular R&D Unit (UnIC), Portugal; Heart Failure Clinic of the Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Portugal
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11
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Zhao L, Li Y, Yao D, Sun R, Liu S, Chen X, Lin C, Huang J, Wang J, Li G. Pharmacological Basis for Use of a Novel Compound in Hyperuricemia: Anti-Hyperuricemic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772504. [PMID: 34819865 PMCID: PMC8607230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of hyperuricemia is considered high worldwide. Hyperuricemia occurs due to decreased excretion of uric acid, increased synthesis of uric acid, or a combination of both mechanisms. There is growing evidence that hyperuricemia is associated with a decline of renal function. Purpose: This study is aimed at investigating the effects of the novel compound on lowering the serum uric acid level and alleviating renal inflammation induced by high uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. Methods: Hyperuricemic mice model was induced by potassium oxonate and used to evaluate the effects of the novel compound named FxUD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the related biochemical markers. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was applied to observe pathological changes. The mRNA expression levels were tested by qRT-PCR. The protein levels were determined by Western blot. In parallel, human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) derived from normal kidney was used to further validate the anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Results: FxUD administration significantly decreased serum uric acid levels, restored the kidney function parameters, and improved the renal pathological injury. Meanwhile, treatment with FxUD effectively inhibited serum and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels. Reversed expression alterations of renal inflammatory cytokines, urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) were observed in hyperuricemic mice. Western blot results illustrated FxUD down-regulated protein levels of inflammasome components. Further studies showed that FxUD inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in the kidney of hyperuricemic mice. In parallel, the anti-inflammatory effect of FxUD was also confirmed in HK-2. Conclusion: Our study reveals that FxUD exhibits the anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects through regulating hepatic XOD and renal urate reabsorption transporters, and suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in hyperuricemia. The results provide the evidence that FxUD may be potential for the treatment of hyperuricemia with kidney inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yihang Li
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shifang Liu
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guang Li
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, China
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12
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Cheong KA, Kil IS, Ko HW, Lee AY. Upregulated Guanine Deaminase Is Involved in Hyperpigmentation of Seborrheic Keratosis via Uric Acid Release. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212501. [PMID: 34830382 PMCID: PMC8625227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic keratosis, which is a benign tumor composed of epidermal keratinocytes, develops common in the elderly. Uric acid generated by upregulated guanine deaminase (GDA) has been identified to cause UV-induced keratinocyte senescence in seborrheic keratosis. Seborrheic keratosis is also frequently pigmented. Growing evidences indicate that hyperuricemia is a risk factor of acanthosis nigricans, an acquired skin hyperpigmentation. The objective of this study was to investigate role of GDA and its metabolic end product, uric acid, in hyperpigmentation of patients with seborrheic keratosis using their lesional and non-lesional skin specimen sets and cultured primary human epidermal keratinocytes with or without GDA overexpression or uric acid treatment. GDA-overexpressing keratinocytes or their conditioned media containing uric acid increased expression levels of MITF and tyrosinase in melanocytes. Uric acid released from keratinocytes was facilitated by ABCG2 transporter with the help of PDZK1 interaction. Released uric acid was taken by URAT1 transporter in melanocytes, stimulating melanogenesis through p38 MAPK activation. Overall, GDA upregulation in seborrheic keratosis plays a role in melanogenesis via its metabolic end product uric acid, suggesting that seborrheic keratosis as an example of hyperpigmentation associated with photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-773, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - In Sup Kil
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si 446-729, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-773, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-3-1961-7250
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13
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Mahadita GW, Suwitra K. The Role of Hyperuricemia in the Pathogenesis and Progressivity of Chronic Kidney Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the end product of purine metabolism is uric acid. Over 70% of uric acid is excreted through the kidneys. When renal function is impaired, uric acid secretion is also impaired. This directly correlates the prevalence of hyperuricemia with the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been reported that the prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with Stage I-III CKD is 40–60% and up to 70% in patients with Stage IV-V CKD. Some studies found a link between serum uric acid levels and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an independent risk factor for CKD development. Because CKD and serum uric acid levels are related, the relationship between the two frequently generates controversy. As such, this review of the literature discusses the role of uric acid in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD.
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14
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Barbar T, Jaffer Sathick I. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2021; 28:438-446.e1. [PMID: 35190110 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis with the release of large amounts of potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids into the systemic circulation. Clinical presentation is characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia. Acute kidney injury due to tumor lysis is potentiated by the precipitation of uric acid and calcium phosphate as well as renal vasoconstriction. Early recognition of tumor lysis can help prevent cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death. Management includes intravenous hydration to maintain urine flow, medications targeting hyperuricemia including rasburicase and allopurinol and in severe cases renal replacement therapy may be required.
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15
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Pediatric onco-nephrology: time to spread the word : Part I: early kidney involvement in children with malignancy. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2227-2255. [PMID: 33245421 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Onco-nephrology has been a growing field within the adult nephrology scope of practice. Even though pediatric nephrologists have been increasingly involved in the care of children with different forms of malignancy, there has not been an emphasis on developing special expertise in this area. The fast pace of discovery in this field, including the development of new therapy protocols with their own kidney side effects and the introduction of the CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, has introduced new challenges for general pediatric nephrologists because of the unique effects of these treatments on the kidney. Moreover, with the improved outcomes in children receiving cancer therapy come an increased number of survivors at risk for chronic kidney disease related to both their cancer diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, it is time for pediatric onco-nephrology to take its spot on the expanding subspecialties map in pediatric nephrology.
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16
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Zhu C, Sun B, Zhang B, Zhou Z. An update of genetics, co-morbidities and management of hyperuricaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1305-1316. [PMID: 34133780 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia (HU) caused by disorders of purine metabolism is a metabolic disease. A number of epidemiological reports have confirmed that HU is correlated with multiple disorders, such as chronic kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease and gout. Recent studies showed that the expression and functional changes of uric acid transporters, including URAT1, GLUT9 and ABCG2, were associated with HU. Moreover, a large number of genome-wide association studies have shown that these transporters' dysfunction leads to HU. In this review, we describe the recent progress of aetiology and related transporters of HU, and we also summarise the common co-morbidities possible mechanisms, as well as the potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods for HU, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Yang F, Shi W, Wang L, Qin N, Wang C, Guo Y, Xu G, Fang J, Yu X, Ma Q. Lipidomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of Plantaginis Semen in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia rat. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 34172058 PMCID: PMC8235650 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantaginis Semen has been widely used as folk medicine and health care food against hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout, but its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic mechanism of Plantaginis Semen extract on potassium oxonate -induced HUA rats based on a lipidomics approach. METHODS A model of HUA was established by potassium oxonate intragastric administration. 42 Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, benzbromarone group (10 mg/kg) and three Plantaginis Semen groups (n = 7). The Plantaginis Semen groups were treated orally with Plantaginis Semen, 0.9375, 1.875 or 3.75 g/kg for 28 days. The levels of serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), triacylglycerol (TG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for the serum lipidomics analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and independent samples t-test were carried out for the pattern recognition and characteristic metabolites identification. The relative levels of critical regulatory factors were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Compared with the model group, the levels of serum UA, Cr, TG and TNF-α were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in benzbromarone and three Plantaginis Semen groups. With lipidomics analysis, significant lipid metabolic perturbations were observed in HUA rats, 13 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was most affected. These perturbations were partially restored via treatment of benzbromarone and Plantaginis Semen. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinases B (PI3K/Akt) were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after treatment with benzbromarone and high dose of Plantaginis Semen. CONCLUSIONS Plantaginis Semen had significant effects on anti-HUA, anti-inflammatory and renal protection. It attenuated potassium oxonate-induced HUA through regulation of lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Liting Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nankun Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chengxiang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qun Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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18
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Ishaq M, Xin W, Zhao L, Wang C, Hossen I, Zhang H, Lian Y, Xu M. Anti-hyperuricemic potential of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) residue extract in hyperuricemic mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:6387-6406. [PMID: 32613954 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is considered a potent risk factor for the development of gout, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. The current project was designed to use stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) byproduct, named stevia residue extract (STVRE), for the treatment of HUA. Male Kunming mice were divided into six groups: normal control, model control, positive control (allopurinol, 5 mg per kg body weight [bw]), STVRE-1 (75 mg per kg bw), STVRE-2 (150 mg per kg bw), and STVRE-3 (300 mg per kg bw). HUA was induced by the administration of potassium oxonate (100 mg per kg bw), fructose (10% w/v), and yeast extract (100 mg per kg bw) for 8 weeks. STVRE significantly (p < 0.05) decreased uric acid (UA) production and ameliorated UA excretion by interacting with urate transporters. The STVRE remarkably attenuated oxidative stress mediated by UA and downregulated inflammatory-related response markers such as COX-2, NF-κB, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, STVRE also reversed HUA-induced abnormalities in kidneys compared with the MC group. The results of our study suggest that STVRE has potential to attenuate hyperuricemia and renal protective effects, and may be used as a natural supplement for the possible treatment of UA-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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19
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Deng Y, Liu F, Yang X, Xia Y. The Key Role of Uric Acid in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, Apoptosis, and Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:641136. [PMID: 33718459 PMCID: PMC7952317 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.641136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia that leads to numerous adverse outcomes including stroke, heart failure, and death. Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor that contributes to atrium injury and AF, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this review, we discussed the scientific evidence for clarifying the role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of AF. Experimental and Clinical evidence endorse hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for the incidence of AF. Various in vivo and in vitro investigations showed that hyperuricemia might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AF at different UA concentrations through the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Deng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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Abd El-Hameed AM. Polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1599-1607. [PMID: 33520856 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In various developed countries, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the principal cause of end-stage kidney disease and a main reason of injury and mortality in individuals with renal morbidity worldwide. Polydatin (POL) has been evaluated as a potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and a nephroprotective agent. In spite of this, the possible benefits and protective effects of POL on early diabetic nephropathy are not quite clarified. For the effective clearance from the body besides safe drug delivery, biodegradable nanoparticles have interesting attraction. This work was designed to evaluate the positive effect and possible mechanisms of Polydatin-loaded Chitosan-Nanoparticles (POL-NPs) on early DN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Followed the induction of diabetes, rats classified into four groups, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated daily and orally with; POL, Polydatin-loaded chitosan-Nanoparticles (POL-NPs), plus normal control rats. Our findings showed that diabetic group presented a significant high level of the blood glucose, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum insulin, renal function related parameters, renal Advanced glycation-end products (AGEs) and lipid peroxidation level compared to normal control rats, while serum albumin level and the activities of renal antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased. Moreover, in the kidney of diabetic rat mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were up-regulated. Besides, increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18) and decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). POL and POL-NPs supplementation were significantly attenuate the above-mention results and returned the normal equilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, POL and POL-NPs have antidiabetic effect, suppresses oxidative stress and mitigates renal inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB in diabetic kidney in early progressive DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Abd El-Hameed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Division, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Wang CP, Lu YC, Hung WC, Tsai IT, Chang YH, Hu DW, Hsu CC, Wu CC, Wei CT, Chung FM, Lee YJ. Inter-relationship of risk factors and pathways associated with chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural equation modelling analysis. Public Health 2021; 190:135-144. [PMID: 33451823 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the inter-relationships and pathogenetic mechanisms among risk factors are still largely unknown. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test a hypothesis of causal pathways related to CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective observational study. METHODS A total of 3395 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study. A hypothesised SEM was applied to assess associations among demographic data, diabetic self-management behaviours, diabetes control, lifestyle, psycho-social, chronic inflammation factors, anthropometric and metabolic variables simultaneously and the risk of CKD. RESULTS Demographic data (including education, marital status and mini-mental state examination score) (-0.075), white blood cell count (0.084), high blood pressure (0.144), World Health Organisation (WHO) 5 well-being index (-0.082), diabetes control (0.099), triglyceride (0.091) and uric acid (0.282) levels had direct effects on the risk of CKD. The final model could explain 26% of the variability in baseline CKD status. In addition, the same direct and specific indirect factors at baseline CKD status analysis contributed to the risk of CKD at the 12-month follow-up. The final model could explain 31% of the variability in the risk of CKD at the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study investigates associations between factors obtained from real-world daily practice and CKD status simultaneously and delineates the potential pathways and inter-relationships of the risk factors that contribute to the development of CKD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-P Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - W-C Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - I-T Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Chang
- Lee's Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung, 90000, Taiwan
| | - D-W Hu
- Lee's Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung, 90000, Taiwan
| | - C-C Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; Health Examination Center, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - C-T Wei
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - F-M Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Lee
- Lee's Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung, 90000, Taiwan.
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22
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Cincione RI, Tocci G, Borghi C. Clinical Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Hyperuricemic Patients. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:122-130. [PMID: 33040063 PMCID: PMC8114083 DOI: 10.1159/000512178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to critically present the available clinical evidence supporting the treatment of chronic hyperuricemia with xanthine oxidase inhibitors. For this reason, the studies published on uric acid (UA)-lowering drugs in the English language from 2000 to August 2019 have been carefully reviewed. The terms "serum uric acid," "xanthine oxidase," "allopurinol," "febuxostat," and "topiroxostat" were incorporated into an electronic search strategy, alone and in combinations, in both MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Even if new urate-lowering drugs seem of particular efficacy for acute treatment of refractory hyperuricemia, their use is supported by relatively small clinical evidence. On the contrary, large long-term clinical trials have demonstrated that xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs, namely, allopurinol and febuxostat) are effective, safe, and relatively well-tolerated in most of the patients. They have mainly been tested in the elderly, in patients affected by chronic diseases such as heart failure and cancer, and in patients taking a large number of drugs, confirming their safety profile. Recent data also show that they could exert some positive effects on vascular health, renal function, and glucose metabolism. Their cost is also low. In conclusion, XOIs remain the first choice of UA-lowering drug for chronic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension Research Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
- IRCCS Policlinico di S.Orsola, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension Research Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Tocci
- Hypertension Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension Research Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico di S.Orsola, Bologna, Italy
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Hyperuricemia in Kidney Disease: A Major Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events, Vascular Calcification, and Renal Damage. Semin Nephrol 2020; 40:574-585. [PMID: 33678312 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney disease, especially when it is associated with a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate, can be associated with an increase in serum urate (uric acid), suggesting that hyperuricemia in subjects with kidney disease may be a strictly secondary phenomenon. Mendelian randomization studies that evaluate genetic scores regulating serum urate also generally have not found evidence that serum urate is a causal risk factor in chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, this is countered by a large number of epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical studies that have suggested a potentially important role for uric acid in kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the topic in detail. Overall, the studies strongly suggest that hyperuricemia does have an important pathogenic role that likely is driven by intracellular urate levels. An exception may be the role of extracellular uric acid in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. One of the more striking findings on reviewing the literature is that the primary benefit of lowering serum urate in subjects with CKD is not by slowing the progression of renal disease, but rather by reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. We recommend large-scale clinical trials to determine if there is a benefit in lowering serum urate in hyperuricemic subjects in acute and chronic kidney disease and in the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in subjects with end-stage chronic kidney disease.
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Kritmetapak K, Charoensri S, Thaopanya R, Pongchaiyakul C. Elevated Serum Uric Acid is Associated with Rapid Decline in Kidney Function: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:945-953. [PMID: 33122937 PMCID: PMC7591020 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s277957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The long-term impact of changes in serum uric acid (SUA) concentration on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among the general population remains unclear. We investigated the longitudinal associations between changes in SUA and eGFR over 10 years in 1222 participants with baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods This was a 10-year retrospective cohort study conducted from 2007 to 2017. Rapid eGFR decline (defined as the highest quartile of change in eGFR between 2007 and 2017) and new-onset kidney disease (defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at a 10-year follow-up) were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, SUA, fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride at baseline. Results SUA was inversely correlated with eGFR, and the slopes of the SUA-eGFR regression lines were consistently steeper in females than males. A significant inverse correlation was also observed between 10-year changes in SUA and eGFR in both sexes. Multivariate analysis showed that every 1 mg/dL increase in SUA from baseline was associated with higher risk of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset kidney disease (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.14–1.33 and OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.26–1.49, respectively). Furthermore, the subjects in the highest SUA quartile (>6.0 mg/dL) had a 2.45 times higher risk of rapid eGFR decline (95% CI 1.51–3.42) compared to those in the lowest SUA quartile (<3.9 mg/dL). Conclusion Elevated baseline SUA is an independent risk factor for rapid eGFR decline and new-onset kidney disease in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittrawee Kritmetapak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suranut Charoensri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rattrai Thaopanya
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatlert Pongchaiyakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Matuszkiewicz-Rowinska J, Malyszko J. Prevention and Treatment of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in the Era of Onco-Nephrology Progress. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:645-660. [DOI: 10.1159/000509934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency due to a rapid break down of malignant cells usually induced by cytotoxic therapy, with hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and serious clinical consequences such as acute renal injury, cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension, and death. Rapidly expanding knowledge of cancer immune evasion mechanisms and host-tumor interactions has significantly changed our therapeutic strategies in hemato-oncology what resulted in the expanding spectrum of neoplasms with a risk of TLS. Summary: Since clinical TLS is a life-threatening condition, identifying patients with risk factors for TLS development and implementation of adequate preventive measures remains the most critical component of its medical management. In general, these consist of vigilant laboratory and clinical monitoring, vigorous IV hydration, urate-lowering therapy, avoidance of exogenous potassium, use of phosphate binders, and – in high-risk cases – considering cytoreduction before the start of the aggressive agent or a gradual escalation of its dose. Key Messages: In patients with a high risk of TLS, cytotoxic chemotherapy should be given in the facility with ready access to dialysis and a treatment plan discussed with the nephrology team. In the case of hyperkalemia, severe hyperphosphatemia or acidosis, and fluid overload unresponsive to diuretic therapy, the early renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be considered. One must remember that in TLS, the threshold for RRT initiation may be lower than in other clinical situations since the process of cell breakdown is ongoing, and rapid increases in serum electrolytes cannot be predicted.
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Sutthimethakorn S, Thongboonkerd V. Effects of high-dose uric acid on cellular proteome, intracellular ATP, tissue repairing capability and calcium oxalate crystal-binding capability of renal tubular cells: Implications to hyperuricosuria-induced kidney stone disease. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109270. [PMID: 32991862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricosuria is associated with kidney stone disease, especially uric acid (UA) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) types. Nevertheless, detailed mechanisms of hyperuricosuria-induced kidney stone formation remained unclear. This study examined changes in cellular proteome and function of renal tubular cells after treatment with high-dose UA for 48-h. Quantitative proteomics using 2-DE followed by nanoLC-ESI-ETD MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry revealed significant changes in levels of 22 proteins in the UA-treated cells. These proteomic data could be confirmed by Western blotting. Functional assays revealed an increase in intracellular ATP level and enhancement of tissue repairing capability in the UA-treated cells. Interestingly, levels of HSP70 and HSP90 (the known receptors for CaOx crystals) were increased in apical membranes of the UA-treated cells. CaOx crystal-cell adhesion assay revealed significant increase in CaOx-binding capability of the UA-treated cells, whereas neutralization of the surface HSP70 and/or HSP90 using their specific monoclonal antibodies caused significant reduction in such binding capability. These findings highlighted changes in renal tubular cells in response to high-dose UA that may, at least in part, explain the pathogenic mechanisms of hyperuricosuria-induced mixed kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Sutthimethakorn
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Research in Complex Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Pan J, Shi M, Ma L, Fu P. Mechanistic Insights of Soluble Uric Acid-related Kidney Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5056-5066. [PMID: 30526453 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181211094421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, defined as the presence of elevated serum uric acid (sUA), could lead to urate deposit in joints, tendons, kidney and other tissues. Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor was common in patients during the causation and progression of kidney disease. Uric acid is a soluble final product of endogenous and dietary purine metabolism, which is freely filtered in kidney glomeruli where approximately 90% of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed. Considerable studies have demonstrated that soluble uric acid was involved in the pathophysiology of renal arteriolopathy, tubule injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as glomerular hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis. In the review, we summarized the mechanistic insights of soluble uric acid related renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Shi
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xie L, Zhao Y, Duan J, Fan S, Shu L, Liu H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li Y. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanism of Nephrotoxicity Induced by Triptolide. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1897-1906. [PMID: 32519852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), the main active ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., has great potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, it has been found that the side effects of TP involve multiple organs and systems, of which the most serious side effects relate to the kidney. The mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by TP requires further investigation. In the present study, we integrated proteomic and metabolomic methods to identify proteins and small molecule metabolites associated with TP-induced nephrotoxicity. There was a significant difference (p value <0.05) in the expression changes of 357 proteins for quantitative proteomics. In addition, high resolution metabolomic data showed significant changes in the levels of 9 metabolites, including hypoxanthine, PC(22:0/18:4), sphingosine, phenylalanine, etc. Finally, based on the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database for network analysis, it was determined that the 7 differentially expressed proteins were highly correlated with these 9 metabolites. Enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways involved purine and pyrimidine metabolism, glycerol and phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The key target proteins were verified by Western blot technology, and the mechanism of TP-induced nephrotoxicity was further elucidated to provide a basis for safe and rational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Jingyi Duan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Simiao Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Lexin Shu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301600, China
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Wang X, Gao Y, Tian Y, Liu X, Zhang G, Wang Q, Xie W, Liu K, Qian Q, Wang Q. Integrative serum metabolomics and network analysis on mechanisms exploration of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction on doxorubicin-induced heart failure mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112397. [PMID: 31830550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction (LGZGD) formula, derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of heart failure (HF) in China. However, little is known of the underlying mechanism of LGZGD. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of LGZGD on HF treatment based on an integration of the serum metabolomics and network analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS HF model mice were established by intraperitoneal injecting of doxorubicin. Body weight, echocardiography, biochemical assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining experiments were used to evaluate the efficacy of LGZGD. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was performed to analyze the serum biomarkers from model group, control group and LGZGD-treatment group. Principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilized to identify differences of metabolic profiles in mice among the three groups. The network of "gene-enzyme-metabolite" was built to investigate the possible mechanism of LGZGD from the systematic perspective. RESULTS 54 metabolites, which showed a significantly restoring trend from HF to normal condition, were regarded as potential biomarkers of LGZGD treatment. The most critical pathway was glycerophospholipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. According to the results of network analysis, 8 biomarkers were regarded as hub metabolites, which meant these metabolites may have a major relationship with the LGZGD therapeutic effects for the HF. 8 enzymes and 29 genes in the network were considered as potential targets of LGZGD treatment. CONCLUSIONS By integrated serum metabolomic and network analysis, we found that LGZGD might retard the pathological process of HF by regulating the disturbed metabolic pathways and the relative enzymes, which may be potential mechanism for LGZGD in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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30
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Beneficial Effects of Macroporous Resin Extract of Dendrobium candidum Leaves in Rats with Hyperuricemia Induced by a High-Purine Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3086106. [PMID: 32089717 PMCID: PMC7023721 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3086106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. The incidence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is increasing year by year, and there are no ideal drugs for the treatment; the existing ones can cause serious liver and kidney damage. We have confirmed that the water extract of Dendrobium candidum leaves could reduce the level of uric acid in rats, but the active ingredients remain unknown, and the mechanism is not well understood. This research investigated the therapeutic effect of the macroporous resin extract of the Dendrobium candidum leaf (DLE) on hyperuricemia. In this study, hyperuricemia was induced in rats by a 5-week high-purine diet. After that, DLE was administered continuously for 9 weeks. The result showed that biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function, especially serum uric acid (UA) levels, were significantly improved with DLE, which may relate to the reduction of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the liver. Moreover, DLE could significantly prevent kidney and liver from damage, and intestinal injury and reduce inflammation in hyperuricemic rats by inhibiting the expression of both NF-κB and TLR4 proteins. These results showed that the macroporous resin extract of the Dendrobium candidum leaves may be effective for the treatment of hyperuricemia in rats by inhibiting uric acid production and decreasing inflammation.
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Zhao L, Li C, Zhou B, Luo C, Wang Y, Che L, Zhao J, Xu Y. Crucial role of serum response factor in renal tubular epithelial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hyperuricemic nephropathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10597-10609. [PMID: 31774735 PMCID: PMC6914413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the regulation and function of serum response factor (SRF) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Results: In NRK-52E cells treated with UA and renal medulla tissue samples from hyperuricemic rats, SRF, fibronectin, α-SMA and FSP-1 expression was upregulated, while ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression was downregulated. SRF upregulation in NRK-52E cells increased slug expression. Blockade of SRF by an SRF-specific siRNA or CCG-1423 reduced slug induction and protected TECs from undergoing EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Increased SRF activity promotes EMT and dysfunction in TECs in HN. Targeting SRF with CCG-1423 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in HN. Methods: The expression of SRF, mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, α-SMA, and FSP-1), epithelial markers (ZO-1 and E-cadherin) and was examined in rat renal TECs (NRK-52E cells) or renal medulla tissue samples following uric acid (UA) treatment. SRF overexpressed with pcDNA-SRF plasmid and suppressed by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of SRF) to study how SRF influences EMT in TECs in HN. Oxonic acid (OA) was used to establish HN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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32
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang C, Hossen I, Nadeem M. Stevia residue extract alone and combination with allopurinol attenuate hyperuricemia in fructose-PO-induced hyperuricemic mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13087. [PMID: 31680279 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The current project was designed to utilize flavonoids and chlorogenic acids enriched stevia residue extract (STVRE) against hyperuricemia (HU). The in vitro results showed that STVRE potently and synergistically inhibits Xanthine oxidase (XO) with allopurinol. The AFM results predicted that STVRE compounds bind with XO and alter its structure which further prevents the entrance of substrate with XO. These in vitro results were further confirmed in fructose-PO-induced hyperuricemic mice model. The results showed that supplementation of STVRE with allopurinol significantly attenuated HU, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by UA via inhibiting the production of uric acid and lowering cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and interleukin 1-beta levels in serum and renal tissues. Moreover, STVRE and allopurinol treatment attenuated, tubular dilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, improved structure disorder of podocyte, and foot process fusion, and decreased glomerular basement membrane thickness. These findings suggested that STVRE can be used as an antihyperuricemic agent along with allopurinol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of present study showed that STVRE has a beneficial effect against fructose-PO-induced hyperuricemia by decreasing uric acid level, xanthine oxidase activity, improving oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggested that by-product of stevia (STVRE) enriched with polyphenolic compounds can be used as a functional ingredient against hyperuricemia and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Imam Hossen
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Weaver DJ. Uric acid and progression of chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:801-809. [PMID: 29931555 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between serum uric acid levels and human disease has garnered intense interest over the last decade including chronic kidney disease. Animal studies have provided evidence for a potential mechanistic role of uric acid in promoting progression of chronic kidney disease. Epidemiologic studies have also suggested an association between elevated serum uric acid levels and worsening renal function in the general population as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend the use of uric acid-lowering therapy to delay progression of chronic kidney disease in this patient population. Adequately powered, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are required to more precisely evaluate the risk and benefits of uric acid-lowering therapy in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Weaver
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Levine Children's Hospital, 1001 Blythe Boulevard, Ste 200, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
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34
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Bellos I, Kontzoglou K, Psyrri A, Pergialiotis V. Febuxostat administration for the prevention of tumour lysis syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:525-533. [PMID: 30972811 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Tumour lysis syndrome is an oncological emergency, characterized by rapid cytolysis leading to an abrupt rise of serum uric acid levels. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of febuxostat as a preventive measure in patients at risk of tumour lysis syndrome development, by comparing it with allopurinol administration. METHODS MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to 15 December 2018. All studies evaluating the effectiveness of febuxostat in preventing tumour lysis syndrome were held eligible. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Six studies were included with a total of 658 patients. Compared to allopurinol, febuxostat achieved a similar response rate (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: [0.55, 3.51]) and tumour lysis syndrome incidence (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: [0.56, 1.81]). Serum uric acid levels did not differ between the investigated groups at the second (MD: -0.21 mg/dL, 95% CI: [-1.30, 0.88]) and seventh (MD: -0.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: [-1.38, 0.51]) day of treatment. Elevation of liver function tests was the most common adverse effect, although its incidence was similar among patients treated with allopurinol and febuxostat. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that febuxostat may serve as an effective alternative to allopurinol in the prevention of tumour lysis syndrome. Future large-scale studies should define the optimal febuxostat dosage, explore the most appropriate population for its administration and better define its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, "Laikon" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Division of Oncology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chen MY, Wang AP, Wang JW, Ke JF, Yu TP, Li LX, Jia WP. Coexistence of hyper-uricaemia and low urinary uric acid excretion further increases risk of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 45:557-563. [PMID: 30928248 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether hyper-uricaemia and decreased urinary uric acid excretion (UUAE) are associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and whether the coexistence of hyper-uricaemia and low UUAE further increases CKD risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In this cross-sectional study based on serum uric acid (SUA) and UUAE levels, 2846 T2DM inpatients were divided into those with normal SUA and UUAE (group 1), normal SUA and low UUAE (group 2), hyper-uricaemia and normal UUAE (group 3), and hyper-uricaemia and low UUAE (group 4). Hyper-uricaemia was defined as SUA levels ≥ 420 μmol/L in men and ≥ 360 μmol/L in women. Low UUAE was defined as levels below the first UUAE quintiles (< 2161 μmol/24 h in men, 1977 μmol/24 h in women). RESULTS There were trends for significantly increased prevalences of CKD (4.3%, 12.6%, 18.3%, 47.8%; P < 0.001), albuminuria (20.2%, 26.4%, 36.9%, 54.9%; P < 0.001) and macroalbuminuria (3.3%, 10.1%, 10.7%, 31.9%; P < 0.001) from groups 1 to 4, respectively. After controlling for multiple confounding factors, prevalences of CKD (P < 0.001) and urinary albumin levels (P = 0.013) showed significantly increasing trends, whereas eGFR levels were markedly decreased from groups 1 to 4 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Hyper-uricaemia and low UUAE levels are closely associated with presence of CKD, and the concomitant presence of hyper-uricaemia and decreased UUAE levels further increased CKD risk in T2DM. Thus, the combined consideration of SUA and UUAE levels may help to identify those T2DM patients at higher CKD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Y Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, PR China
| | - A-P Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, 454, Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - J-W Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, PR China
| | - J-F Ke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, PR China
| | - T-P Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, PR China
| | - L-X Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, PR China.
| | - W-P Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, PR China.
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Harris C, Weiss GL, Di S, Tasker JG. Cell signaling dependence of rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100158. [PMID: 31193551 PMCID: PMC6535624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce a rapid synthesis of endocannabinoid in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by activation of a putative membrane receptor. Somato-dendritically released endocannabinoid acts as a retrograde messenger to suppress excitatory synaptic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-secreting cells. The non-genomic signaling mechanism responsible for rapid endocannabinoid synthesis by glucocorticoids has yet to be fully characterized. Here we manipulated cell signaling molecules pharmacologically using an intracellular approach to elucidate the signaling pathway activated by the membrane glucocorticoid receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. We found that rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells requires the sequential activation of multiple kinases, phospholipase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. While there remain gaps in our understanding, our findings reveal many of the critical players in the rapid glucocorticoid signaling that culminates in the retrograde endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Harris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant L Weiss
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shi Di
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Yang Q, Fu C, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zou J, Xiao J, Ye Z. Adiponectin protects against uric acid‑induced renal tubular epithelial inflammatory responses via the AdipoR1/AMPK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1542-1552. [PMID: 30664190 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in various cells. Uric acid (UA) induces inflammation in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). It remains unknown whether APN protects against UA‑induced inflammation. In the present study, human PTECs were incubated with 100 µg/ml soluble (S) UA in the presence or absence of globular (g) APN, APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1)‑short hairpin RNA lentivirus or compound C. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) assays were performed to assess APN mRNA expression. Immunoblotting was used to assess the protein expression of APN, AdipoR1, NACHT, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain‑containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the activation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). ELISA analyses were performed to assess supernatant levels of interleukin (IL)‑1β and TNFα. It was observed that SUA significantly enhanced APN mRNA and protein expression (both P<0.05) and increased NLRP3 (P<0.001) and TNFα (P<0.05) protein levels, as well as supernatant levels of IL‑1β (P<0.01) and TNFα (P<0.001) compared with untreated cells. gAPN administration significantly limited TNFα synthesis and secretion (both P<0.001), significantly decreased IL‑1β release (P<0.01), impacted NLRP3 protein expression and augmented AdipoR1 protein (P<0.01) and AMPK phosphorylation (P<0.05) levels compared with SUA‑treated cells. AdipoR1 knockdown significantly promoted the synthesis (P<0.05) and release of TNFα (P<0.001), significantly increased IL‑1β supernatant levels (P<0.01) and exhibited little influence on NLRP3 production (P>0.05) compared with the SUA‑treated cells. Secreted TNFα levels were significantly increased upon the inhibition of AMPK (P<0.05) and protein levels of IL‑1β, NLRP3 and TNFα in cell lysates were not significantly affected (P>0.05). In summary, the data demonstrated that SUA promoted APN expression in PTECs and that gAPN attenuated SUA‑induced inflammation through the AdipoR1/AMPK signaling pathway. AdipoR1 knockdown and AMPK inactivation increased SUA‑induced inflammatory damage in PTECs. These findings may help to further understand and regulate UA‑associated inflammation in proximal renal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chensheng Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Micho H, Mohammed Y, Hailu D, Genet S. Evaluation and characterization of tumor lysis syndrome before and after chemotherapy among pediatric oncology patients in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2018; 18:22. [PMID: 30186610 PMCID: PMC6122136 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-018-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening emergency disorder, caused by an abrupt release of intracellular metabolites after tumor cell death. It is characterized by a series of metabolic manifestations, especially hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the incidence of tumor lysis syndrome among pediatric oncology patients before and after treatment. Methods Hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted for 6 months on 61 newly diagnosed pediatric oncology patients. Socio-demographic data was collected by interview administered questionnaire. Patients were followed and the physical diagnosis, imaging and laboratory results were interpreted by senior physicians. Data was entered to and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results Among 61 pediatric oncology patients 39(63.9%) were males. The mean (±SD) age of the pediatric patients was 6.39 (± 3.67) years ranging from 2 months to 14 years. 29.5% of patients were found to have TLS. There were 11.5% and 18.0% of laboratory TLS (LTLS) and clinical TLS (CTLS) cases respectively. There were72.2% spontaneous and 27.8% treatment induced TLS cases with 23% and 21.3% cases of hyperuricemia and 4.9% and 6.6% cases of hyperkalemia incidence before and after treatment respectively. Only two patients died, in the study period, due to TLS. Conclusion There was high incidence of TLS irrespective of socio-demographic variation among study participants, suggesting that children with cancer are at risk of developing TLS. As TLS is a life-threatening complication of malignancies, early identification of patients at risk and reducing morbidity and mortality is crucially important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haileleul Micho
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.,2Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yasin Mohammed
- 3Department of Pediatrics and child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Hailu
- 3Department of Pediatrics and child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Genet
- 2Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Liu J, Shen P, Ma X, Yu X, Ni L, Hao X, Wang W, Chen N. White blood cell count and the incidence of hyperuricemia: insights from a community-based study. Front Med 2018; 13:741-746. [PMID: 29936636 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relationship between HUA and white blood cell (WBC) count remains unknown. A sampling survey for CKD was conducted in Sanlin community in 2012 and 2014. CKD was defined as proteinuria in at least the microalbuminuric stage or an estimated GFR of 60 mL/(min∙1.73 m2). HUA was defined as serum uric acid > 420 μmol/L in men and > 360 μmol/L in women. This study included 1024 participants. The prevalence of HUA was 17.77%. Patients with HUA were more likely to have higher levels of WBC count, which was positively associated with HUA prevalence. This association was also observed in participants without CKD, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or obesity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WBC count was independently associated with the risk for HUA in male and female participants. Compared with participants without HUA, inflammatory factors such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6 increased in participants with HUA. Hence, WBC count is positively associated with HUA, and this association is independent of conventional risk factors for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pingyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xialian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liyan Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xu Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Mukri MNA, Kong WY, Mustafar R, Shaharir SS, Shah SA, Abdul Gafor AH, Mohd R, Abdul Cader R, Kamaruzaman L. Role of febuxostat in retarding progression of diabetic kidney disease with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A 6-months open-label, randomized controlled trial. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:563-575. [PMID: 30108461 PMCID: PMC6088214 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hyperuricemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and poor cardiovascular outcomes. We studied the effect of febuxostat on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria and monitored the safety profile of the medication. Material and Methods: This is a prospective open-label, randomized study in CKD stage 3 and 4 patients with diabetic nephropathy and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Patients were randomized into febuxostat 40 mg daily and no treatment group using block randomization method and were followed up for 6 months. Their usual care for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia were continued in the study. Blood and urine investigations were monitored at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results: The eGFR in febuxostat group was stabilized at 6 months with no significant reduction [26.2 (IQR 14.30) at baseline to 26.3 (IQR 15.2) ml/min/1.73 m2]. Whereas, there was a significant reduction of the eGFR in no treatment group from 28.2 (IQR 17.9) to 27.6 (IQR 19.3) ml/min/1.73 m2 (p value < 0.01). We found the HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) was significantly increased in febuxostat group from 7.2 ± 0.5 % at baseline to 7.6 ± 1.4 at 6 months (p value 0.04) but no significant change of HbA1c in the no treatment group. Proteinuria level was unchanged in both groups. The commonest adverse event was joint pain. Conclusions: Febuxostat was able to preserve eGFR in CKD patients with diabetic nephropathy and this effect was beyond glycemic control. Increment of HbA1c level in febuxostat group needs further larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Noor Azreey Mukri
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Yen Kong
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruslinda Mustafar
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syahrul Sazliyana Shaharir
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- Department of Community Health, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Mohd
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizna Abdul Cader
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lydia Kamaruzaman
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Activation of bradykinin B2 receptor induced the inflammatory responses of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 after the early traumatic brain injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2957-2971. [PMID: 29894755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 is a known aggravator of inflammation and deteriorates neurological outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), however the exact inflammatory mechanisms remain unknown. This study investigated the role of bradykinin and its receptor, which are known initial mediators within inflammation activation, as well as the mechanisms of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-related inflammatory responses after TBI. We found that cPLA2 and bradykinin B2 receptor were upregulated after a TBI. Rats treated with the bradykinin B2 receptor inhibitor LF 16-0687 exhibited significantly less cPLA2 expression and related inflammatory responses in the brain cortex after sustaining a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Both the cPLA2 inhibitor and the LF16-0687 improved CCI rat outcomes by decreasing neuron death and reducing brain edema. The following TBI model utilized both primary astrocytes and primary neurons in order to gain further understanding of the inflammation mechanisms of the B2 bradykinin receptor and the cPLA2 in the central nervous system. There was a stronger reaction from the astrocytes as well as a protective effect of LF16-0687 after the stretch injury and bradykinin treatment. The protein kinase C pathway was thought to be involved in the B2 bradykinin receptor as well as the cPLA2-related inflammatory responses. Rottlerin, a Protein Kinase C (PKC) δ inhibitor, decreased the activity of the cPLA2 activity post-injury, and LF16-0687 suppressed both the PKC pathway and the cPLA2 activity within the astrocytes. These results indicated that the bradykinin B2 receptor-mediated pathway is involved in the cPLA2-related inflammatory response from the PKC pathway.
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Wang J, Tian L, He L, Chen N, Ramakrishna S, So KF, Mo X. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide encapsulated Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid Nanofibers: cost effective herbal medicine for potential application in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8669. [PMID: 29875468 PMCID: PMC5989206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve regeneration is a serious clinical challenge following peripheral nerve injury. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is the major component of wolfberry extract, which has been shown to be neuroprotective and promising in nerve recovery in many studies. Electrospun nanofibers, especially core-shell structured nanofibers being capable of serving as both drug delivery system and tissue engineering scaffolds, are well known to be suitable scaffolds for regeneration of peripheral nerve applications. In this study, LBP was incorporated into core-shell structured nanofibrous scaffolds via coaxial electrospinning. Alamar blue assays were performed to investigate the proliferation of both PC12 and Schwann cells cultured on the scaffolds. The neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells was evaluated by NF200 expression with immunostaining and morphology changes observed by SEM. The results indicated that the released LBP dramatically enhanced both proliferation and neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells induced by NGF. Additionally, the promotion of Schwann cells myelination and neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons were also observed on LBP loaded scaffolds by LSCM with immunostaining. In summary, LBP, as a drug with neuroprotection, encapsulated into electrospun nanofibers could be a potential candidate as tissue engineered scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Lingling Tian
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Liumin He
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Nuan Chen
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Yang Q, Fu C, Xiao J, Ye Z. Uric acid upregulates the adiponectin‑adiponectin receptor 1 pathway in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3545-3554. [PMID: 29359786 PMCID: PMC5802152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is a protein hormone that is primarily derived from adipocytes. It can also be secreted by renal cells. Hypoadiponectinemia has been documented in patients with hyperuricemia, however, whether soluble uric acid (SUA) regulates the expression of APN and APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the expression of APN and AdipoR1 in cultured PTECs that were exposed to SUA through immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats with oxonic acid-induced hyperuricemia (HUA) with or without febuxostat treatment were employed as an animal model to measure 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Renal pathology was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. APN and AdipoR1 expression in the renal cortex were evaluated by western blotting. The results demonstrated that, in PTECs, the expression of APN and AdipoR1 was constant and increased upon SUA exposure. Similar observations were made within the proximal renal tubules of rats, and the oxonic acid-induced increases in APN and AdipoR1 were offset by febuxostat treatment. Furthermore, SUA-treated PTECs exhibited an increase in the expression of NLR family pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3, which was dose-dependent. NLRP3 expression was also significantly increased in the renal cortex of HUA rats compared with control and febuxostat-treated rats. In conclusion, SUA enhanced the expression of APN and AdipoR1 in PTECs, which was associated with an increase in NLRP3 expression. The APN-AdipoR1 pathway was demonstrated to have an important role in in vitro and in vivo models of renal proximal tubule inflammatory injury. Therefore, this pathway may be a potential therapy target in urate nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chensheng Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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44
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Xu L, Shi Y, Zhuang S, Liu N. Recent advances on uric acid transporters. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100852-100862. [PMID: 29246027 PMCID: PMC5725069 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is the product of purine metabolism and its increased levels result in hyperuricemia. A number of epidemiological reports link hyperuricemia with multiple disorders, such as kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Recent studies also showed that expression and functional changes of urate transporters are associated with hyperuricemia. Uric acid transporters are divided into two categories: urate reabsorption transporters, including urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1), organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), and urate excretion transporetrs, including OAT1, OAT3, urate transporter (UAT), multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4), ABCG-2 and sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein. In the kidney, uric acid transporters decrease the reabsorption of urate and increase its secretion. These transporters’ dysfunction would lead to hyperuricemia. As the function of urate transporters is important to control the level of serum uric acid, studies on the functional role of uric acid transporter may provide a new strategy to treat hyperuricemia associated diseases, such as gout, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and other disorders. This review article summarizes the physiology of urate reabsorption and excretion transporters and highlights the recent advances on their roles in hyperuricemia and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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45
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Capuano V, Marchese F, Capuano R, Torre S, Iannone AG, Capuano E, Lamaida N, Sonderegger M, Capuano E. Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular events: a 10-year cohort study from Southern Italy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:159-164. [PMID: 28129213 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To date, whether hyperuricemia may represent a marker or an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease remains unclear. This study aimed at assessing the role of hyperuricemia in the onset of major cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS Baseline clinical data were collected through a 1998/1999 longitudinal survey as part of the larger Valle dell'Irno Prevenzione Project. Ten years later, MACE incidence was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 1175 patients (50% men, aged 25-74 years) completed the study. At least one MACE was reported by 135 patients, whose mean uric acid values were significantly higher compared with patients without events (6.0 ± 4.8 and 4.6 ± 4.0 mg/dl, respectively; P < 0.01). Patients with uric acid values of at least 6 mg/dl (prevalence of 14.6%) had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased values of BMI, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, triglycerides, white blood cells, complement component 3 (C3) and creatinine. After subgrouping patients in tertiles and considering the first one as reference [odds ratio (OR): 1], the OR (95% confidence interval) was 1.44 (0.7-2.9) in the second and 2.2 (1.3-3.5) in the third tertile, respectively. Confounder-adjusted stepwise linear regression revealed uric acid, age, creatinine, glucose and systolic BP as independent predictors of MACE. Diastolic BP and creatinine were independently correlated with uric acid in the entire population, diastolic BP only in men and BMI, creatinine, age and C3 in women. CONCLUSION Hyperuricemia was shown to be a strong independent risk factor for MACE and should be included in cardiovascular prevention strategies. Whether hypouricemic drugs can decrease cardiovascular disease risk warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Capuano
- aUnità Operativa di Cardiologia ed UTIC - Ospedale "G.Fucito", Mercato S. Severino - Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di SalernobCanopo Centro Studi, Salerno, Italy
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Zhang S, Zhuang J, Yue G, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang B, Du Z, Ma Q. Lipidomics to investigate the pharmacologic mechanisms of ginkgo folium in the hyperuricemic rat model. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:407-415. [PMID: 28672255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia caused by purine metabolic abnormalities is reported to have close correlation with lipid metabolic disorders. Ginkgo folium, a frequently-used lipid-lowering medicine, has significant anti-hyperuricemia effects. However, it is poorly known about the interaction between lowering uric acid and regulation of lipid metabolic disorders. In this study, hyperuricemic rat model was induced by orally administration with fructose. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with pattern recognition approaches were used to determine different lipid metabolites in serum of control group, model group, and different doses of ginkgo folium groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the MS data to assess the establishment of model, partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and independent samples T-test were performed to indicate the differences between different groups of rats and to find biomarkers. Metabolomics pathway analysis (MetPA) was introduced to reveal the pharmacologic mechanisms of ginkgo folium. 19 potential biomarkers associated with hyperuricemia were found. After intervened by ginkgo folium, these biomarkers were returning to normal level. Among these biomarkers, 13 lipid biomarkers were significantly reversed. Ginkgo filum can lower uric acid via adjusting back the level of PCs and LPCs, which suggested that its treatment mechanisms may be related to reducing the activity of PLA2. In sum, the lipidomics analysis in the system level have enhanced our understanding to pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and the results suggested that ginkgo folium could alleviate the abnormal metabolic status of hyperuricemia. These results demonstrated a new mechanism for lowering uric acid, which was helpful to the early treatment for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jingcong Zhuang
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guijuan Yue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qun Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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47
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Hahn K, Kanbay M, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Ejaz AA. Serum uric acid and acute kidney injury: A mini review. J Adv Res 2016; 8:529-536. [PMID: 28748118 PMCID: PMC5512150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury causes great morbidity and mortality in both the community and hospital settings. Understanding the etiological factors and the pathophysiological principles resulting in acute kidney injury is essential in prompting appropriate therapies. Recently hyperuricemia has been recognized as a potentially modifiable risk factor for acute kidney injury, including that associated with cardiovascular surgery, radiocontrast administration, rhabdomyolysis, and associated with heat stress. This review discussed the evidence that repeated episodes of acute kidney injury from heat stress and dehydration may also underlie the pathogenesis of the chronic kidney disease epidemic that is occurring in Central America (Mesoamerican nephropathy). Potential mechanisms for how uric acid might contribute to acute kidney injury are also discussed, including systemic effects on renal microvasculature and hemodynamics, and local crystalline and noncrystalline effects on the renal tubules. Pilot clinical trials also show potential benefits of lowering uric acid on acute kidney injury associated with a variety of insults. In summary, there is mounting evidence that hyperuricemia may have a significant role in the development of acute kidney injury. Prospective, placebo controlled, randomized trials are needed to determine the potential benefit of uric acid lowering therapy on kidney and cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hahn
- Center for Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension, Dortmund 69120, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver 80045, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver 80045, USA
| | - A Ahsan Ejaz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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48
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Chang YH, Lei CC, Lin KC, Chang DM, Hsieh CH, Lee YJ. Serum uric acid level as an indicator for CKD regression and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a 4.6-year cohort study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:557-64. [PMID: 26590369 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association of serum uric acid level with renal function change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS T2DM patients who had been followed-up for at least 3 years were included. Participants were categorized into stable, progression, or regression groups according to their change in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. During the follow-up period, all numeric values of metabolic factors, including the uric acid level and the medication possession rate, were calculated in order to investigate their associations with CKD development. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with change in CKD. RESULTS A total of 2367 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study and followed-up for a mean of 4.6 years. The numbers of patients in the stable, progression and regression groups were 1133 (47.9%), 487 (20.6%), and 747 (31.5%), respectively. The progression group had the highest serum uric acid level (6.9 ± 1.8 mg/dL), and the regression group had the lowest uric acid level (5.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL). In addition, we found that the serum uric acid level was an independent factor associated with CKD progression when the value exceeded 6.3 mg/dL. A lower uric acid level could be beneficial for CKD improvement in T2DM patients with stage 3-5 CKD. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that the serum uric acid level is associated with CKD regression and progression and suggested that a high normal serum uric acid level should be closely monitored in patients with T2DM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu H, Bogdanov M, Zhang Y, Sun K, Zhao S, Song A, Luo R, Parchim NF, Liu H, Huang A, Adebiyi MG, Jin J, Alexander DC, Milburn MV, Idowu M, Juneja HS, Kellems RE, Dowhan W, Xia Y. Hypoxia-mediated impaired erythrocyte Lands' Cycle is pathogenic for sickle cell disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29637. [PMID: 27436223 PMCID: PMC4951653 DOI: 10.1038/srep29637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Lands' cycle was discovered in 1958, its function and cellular regulation in membrane homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions remain largely unknown. Nonbiased high throughput metabolomic profiling revealed that Lands' cycle was impaired leading to significantly elevated erythrocyte membrane lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) content and circulating and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) in mice with sickle cell disease (SCD), a prevalent hemolytic genetic disorder. Correcting imbalanced Lands' cycle by knockdown of phospholipase 2 (cPLA2) or overexpression of lysophosphatidycholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), two key enzymes of Lands' cycle in hematopoietic stem cells, reduced elevated erythrocyte membrane LysoPC content and circulating AA levels and attenuated sickling, inflammation and tissue damage in SCD chimeras. Human translational studies validated SCD mouse findings and further demonstrated that imbalanced Lands' cycle induced LysoPC production directly promotes sickling in cultured mouse and human SCD erythrocytes. Mechanistically, we revealed that hypoxia-mediated ERK activation underlies imbalanced Lands' cycle by preferentially inducing the activity of PLA2 but not LPCAT in human and mouse SCD erythrocytes. Overall, our studies have identified a pathological role of imbalanced Lands' cycle in SCD erythrocytes, novel molecular basis regulating Lands' cycle and therapeutic opportunities for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shushan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anren Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renna Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas F Parchim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aji Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morayo G Adebiyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Modupe Idowu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harinder S Juneja
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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50
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Chen C, Lü JM, Yao Q. Hyperuricemia-Related Diseases and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors: An Overview. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2501-12. [PMID: 27423335 PMCID: PMC4961276 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, accompanying the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Uric acid usually forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates in serum. Clinically, overproduction or under-excretion of uric acid results in the elevated level of serum uric acid (SUA), termed hyperuricemia, which has long been established as the major etiologic factor in gout. Accordingly, urate-lowering drugs such as allopurinol, an XOR-inhibitor, are extensively used for the treatment of gout. In recent years, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has significantly increased and more clinical investigations have confirmed that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and many other diseases. Urate-lowering therapy may also play a critical role in the management of these diseases. However, current XOR-inhibitor drugs such as allopurinol and febuxostat may have significant adverse effects. Therefore, there has been great effort to develop new XOR-inhibitor drugs with less or no toxicity for the long-term treatment or prevention of these hyperuricemia-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of uric acid homeostasis and alterations, updated prevalence, therapeutic outcomes, and molecular pathophysiology of hyperuricemia-related diseases. We also summarize current discoveries in the development of new XOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian-Ming Lü
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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