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Hu Z, Zhang F, Brenner M, Jacob A, Wang P. The protective effect of H151, a novel STING inhibitor, in renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F558-F567. [PMID: 37102684 PMCID: PMC10228668 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00004.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common renal functional disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is the cytosolic DNA-activated signaling pathway that mediates inflammation and injury. Our recent study showed that extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), a newly identified damage-associated molecular pattern, activates STING and exacerbates hemorrhagic shock. H151 is a small molecule that selectively binds to STING and inhibits STING-mediated activity. We hypothesized that H151 attenuates eCIRP-induced STING activation in vitro and inhibits RIR-induced AKI in vivo. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial cells incubated with eCIRP showed increased levels of IFN-β, STING pathway downstream cytokine, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, whereas coincubation with eCIRP and H151 diminished those increases in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, 24 h after bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate was decreased in RIR-vehicle-treated mice, whereas glomerular filtration rate was unchanged in RIR-H151-treated mice. In contrast to sham, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were increased in RIR-vehicle, but in RIR-H151, these levels were significantly decreased from RIR-vehicle. In contrast to sham, kidney IFN-β mRNA, histological injury score, and TUNEL staining were also increased in RIR-vehicle, but in RIR-H151, these levels were significantly decreased from RIR-vehicle. Importantly, in contrast to sham, in a 10-day survival study, survival decreased to 25% in RIR-vehicle, but RIR-H151 had a survival of 63%. In conclusion, H151 inhibits eCIRP-induced STING activation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Therefore, STING inhibition by H151 can be a promising therapeutic intervention for RIR-induced AKI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common renal functional disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is the cytosolic DNA-activated signaling pathway responsible for mediating inflammation and injury. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) activates STING and exacerbates hemorrhagic shock. H151, a novel STING inhibitor, attenuated eCIRP-induced STING activation in vitro and inhibited RIR-induced AKI. H151 shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for RIR-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Hu
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, United States
| | - Asha Jacob
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, United States
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Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S, Farajli Abbasi M, Ghasemi M, Bayat G, Davoodian N, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Poormoosavi SM, Rafizadeh M, Maleki M, Shirzad-Aski H, Kargar Jahromi H, Dadkhah M, Khalvati B, Safari T, Behmanesh MA, Khoshnam SE, Houshmand G, Talaei SA. Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:40. [PMID: 36514128 PMCID: PMC9746144 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia" and "analgesia" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.415814.d0000 0004 0612 272XThe National Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research, Floor 13th, Complex A, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Eyvanak Blvd., Shahrake Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bayat
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Davoodian
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Melika Rafizadeh
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- grid.449129.30000 0004 0611 9408Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski
- grid.411747.00000 0004 0418 0096Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- grid.444764.10000 0004 0612 0898Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- grid.411426.40000 0004 0611 7226Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Tahereh Safari
- grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, PhD, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Behmanesh
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Houshmand
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Machado-Junior PA, de Souza ABF, Castro TDF, Perucci LO, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS. The deleterious impact of exposure to different inhaled anesthetics is time dependent. Life Sci 2022; 309:121004. [PMID: 36170891 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of exposure to isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the oxidative response and inflammation at different times was analyzed in the lungs of adult C57BL/6 mice. 120 animals were divided into 3 groups (n = 40): Isoflurane (ISO), Sevoflurane (SEV) and Desflurane (DES) and exposed to these anesthetics for 1 h (n = 10), 2 h (n = 10) and 3 h (n = 10), at a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) equal to 1. The control group (CG) (n = 10) was exposed to ambient air. 24 h after the experimental protocol, the animals were euthanized and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood and lung tissue samples were collected. In the BALF, animals exposed to isoflurane for 2 h and 3 h showed a greater influx of leukocytes, especially macrophages compared to the CG. The ISO3h had lower leukocyte counts in the peripheral blood compared to CG, ISO1h and ISO2h. There was an increase in CCL-2 levels in the ISO3h compared to the CG. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in ISO1h compared to CG. The activity of catalase was higher in the ISO1h and ISO2h compared to the CG. The lipid peroxidation, as well as carbonylated protein were higher in the ISO3h compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the exposure of SEV and DES compared to inflammation and redox imbalance in different periods. This study demonstrated that time is a determinant to promote a local and systemic inflammatory response to different inhalational anesthetics in a healthy murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Physics and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Physics and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil.
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Mediators of Regional Kidney Perfusion during Surgical Pneumo-Peritoneum Creation and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury—A Review of Basic Physiology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102728. [PMID: 35628855 PMCID: PMC9142947 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), especially if recurring, represents a risk factor for future chronic kidney disease. In intensive care units, increased intra-abdominal pressure is well-recognized as a significant contributor to AKI. However, the importance of transiently increased intra-abdominal pressures procedures is less commonly appreciated during laparoscopic surgery, the use of which has rapidly increased over the last few decades. Unlike the well-known autoregulation of the renal cortical circulation, medulla perfusion is modulated via partially independent regulatory mechanisms and strongly impacted by changes in venous and lymphatic pressures. In our review paper, we will provide a comprehensive overview of this evolving topic, covering a broad range from basic pathophysiology up to and including current clinical relevance and examples. Key regulators of oxidative stress such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, the activation of inflammatory response and humoral changes interacting with procedural pneumo-peritoneum formation and AKI risk will be recounted. Moreover, we present an in-depth review of the interaction of pneumo-peritoneum formation with general anesthetic agents and animal models of congestive heart failure. A better understanding of the relationship between pneumo-peritoneum formation and renal perfusion will support basic and clinical research, leading to improved clinical care and collaboration among specialists.
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Zheng Z, Tsvetkov D, Bartolomaeus TUP, Erdogan C, Krügel U, Schleifenbaum J, Schaefer M, Nürnberg B, Chai X, Ludwig FA, N'diaye G, Köhler MB, Wu K, Gollasch M, Markó L. Role of TRPC6 in kidney damage after acute ischemic kidney injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3038. [PMID: 35194063 PMCID: PMC8864023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6), a non-selective cation channel that controls influx of Ca2+ and other monovalent cations into cells, is widely expressed in the kidney. TRPC6 gene variations have been linked to chronic kidney disease but its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the putative role of TRPC6 channels in AKI. We used Trpc6-/- mice and pharmacological blockade (SH045 and BI-749327), to evaluate short-term AKI outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that neither Trpc6 deficiency nor pharmacological inhibition of TRPC6 influences the short-term outcomes of AKI. Serum markers, renal expression of epithelial damage markers, tubular injury, and renal inflammatory response assessed by the histological analysis were similar in wild-type mice compared to Trpc6-/- mice as well as in vehicle-treated versus SH045- or BI-749327-treated mice. In addition, we also found no effect of TRPC6 modulation on renal arterial myogenic tone by using blockers to perfuse isolated kidneys. Therefore, we conclude that TRPC6 does not play a role in the acute phase of AKI. Our results may have clinical implications for safety and health of humans with TRPC6 gene variations, with respect to mutated TRPC6 channels in the response of the kidney to acute ischemic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology/Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Nephrology/Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Geriatrics, University of Greifswald, University District Hospital Wolgast, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Theda Ulrike Patricia Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cem Erdogan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoning Chai
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele N'diaye
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - May-Britt Köhler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaiyin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Nephrology/Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Geriatrics, University of Greifswald, University District Hospital Wolgast, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Bosch DJ, Leuvenink HG. Molecular Aspects of Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Organ Protection and Its Potential in Kidney Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052727. [PMID: 33800423 PMCID: PMC7962839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable in kidney transplantation and negatively impacts graft and patient outcome. Reperfusion takes place in the recipient and most of the injury following ischemia and reperfusion occurs during this reperfusion phase; therefore, the intra-operative period seems an attractive window of opportunity to modulate IRI and improve short- and potentially long-term graft outcome. Commonly used volatile anesthetics such as sevoflurane and isoflurane have been shown to interfere with many of the pathophysiological processes involved in the injurious cascade of IRI. Therefore, volatile anesthetic (VA) agents might be the preferred anesthetics used during the transplantation procedure. This review highlights the molecular and cellular protective points of engagement of VA shown in in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments, and the potential translation of these results to the clinical setting of kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude J. Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-631623075
| | - Dirk J. Bosch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Henri G.D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Tuncay A, Sivgin V, Ozdemirkan A, Sezen SC, Boyunaga H, Kucuk A, Gunes I, Arslan M. The Effect of Cerium Oxide on Lung Tissue in Lower Extremity Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Sevoflurane Administered Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7481-7489. [PMID: 33116483 PMCID: PMC7547779 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate the effects of cerium oxide, applied before the sevoflurane anesthesia, on lung tissue in rats with lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Materials and Methods A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into five groups as; control (C), IR, cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR), IR-sevoflurane (IRS), and cerium oxide-IR-sevoflurane (CO-IRS). In the CO-IR group, 30 minutes after the injection of cerium oxide (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p)), an atraumatic microvascular clamp was placed on the infrarenal abdominal aorta for 120 minutes. Then, the clamp was removed and reperfused for 120 minutes. Sevoflurane was applied in 100% oxygen at a rate of 2.3% at 4 L/min during IR. The blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the lung tissue samples were taken for histological analysis. Results Neutrophil infiltration/aggregation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO-IRS groups. The alveolar wall thickness and total lung injury scores were significantly higher in the IR group than in the C, IRS, CO-IR and CO-IRS groups. Discussion We determined that the administration of 0.5 mg/kg dose of cerium oxide with sevoflurane reduces the oxidative stress and corrects IR-related damage in lung tissue. Our results show that the administration of cerium oxide before IR and the administration of sevoflurane during IR have a protective effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Tuncay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Volkan Sivgin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reamination, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aycan Ozdemirkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reamination, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saban Cem Sezen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Hakan Boyunaga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kucuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Isin Gunes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reamination, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reamination, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tsivilika M, Doumaki E, Stavrou G, Sioga A, Grosomanidis V, Meditskou S, Maranginos A, Tsivilika D, Stafylarakis D, Kotzampassi K, Papamitsou T. The adaptive immune response in cardiac arrest resuscitation induced ischemia reperfusion renal injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:15. [PMID: 33014901 PMCID: PMC7526263 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study aims to investigate, immunohistochemically, the role of the adaptive immune response in cardiac arrest/resuscitation-induced ischemia–reperfusion renal injury (IRI), namely to assess the presence of lymphocytes in renal tissue samples and the connection between the extent of the damage and the concentration of the lymphocytes by comparing the kidneys of non resuscitated swine with the kidneys of resuscitated swine. Methods Twenty four swine underwent cardiac arrest (CA) via a pacemaker wire. After 7 min, without any intervention, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR, was commenced. Five min after CPR was commenced advanced life-support, ALS. Animals were divided into resuscitated animals and non resuscitated animals. Tissue samples obtained from the two groups for immunohistological study aiming to detect T-cells, B-cells and plasma cells using CD3 + , CD20 + , and CD138 + antibodies. Results There seems to be a strong concentration of T lymphocytes in the kidney tissues after ischemia of both non-resuscitated and resuscitated swine. B lymphocytes, also, appear to have infiltrated the ischemic kidneys of both animal groups; nevertheless, the contribution of T lymphocytes to the induction of injury remains greater. There is no strong evidence of correlation between the plasma cells and the damage. Conclusion The adaptive immune response seems to have a strong association with kidney injury and acute tubular necrosis after cardiac arrest/ resuscitation-induced ischemia–reperfusion. However, the extent to which the adaptive immune cells are involved in the induction of renal injury remains uncertain and there are many questions about the mechanism of function of these cells, the answers of which require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsivilika
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Gianni Chalkidi 45, Charilaou, 54249 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Doumaki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Stavrou
- Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis Grosomanidis
- Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Stafylarakis
- 2nd Department of Urology of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Kawamura M, Imamura R, Kobayashi Y, Taniguchi A, Nakazawa S, Kato T, Namba-Hamano T, Abe T, Uemura M, Kobayashi H, Nonomura N. Oral Administration of Si-Based Agent Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model: A Novel Hydrogen Administration Method. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:95. [PMID: 32266279 PMCID: PMC7099649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is unavoidable in kidney transplantation, induces the formation of reactive oxygen species and causes organ damage. Although the efficacy of molecular hydrogen (H2) in IRI has been reported, oral intake of H2-rich water and inhalation of H2 gas are still not widely used in clinical settings because of the lack of efficiency and difficulty in handling. We successfully generated large quantities of H2 molecules by crushing silicon (Si) to nano-sized Si particles (nano-Si) which were allowed to react with water. The nano-Si or relatively large-sized Si particles (large-Si) were orally administered to rats with renal IRI. Animals were divided into four groups: sham, IRI, IRI + nano-Si, and IRI + large-Si. The levels of serum creatinine and urine protein were significantly decreased 72 h following IRI in rats that were administered nano-Si. The levels of oxidative stress marker, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were also significantly decreased with the nano-Si treatment. Transcriptome and gene ontology enrichment analyses showed that the oral nano-Si intake downregulated the biological processes related to oxidative stress, such as immune response, cytokine production, and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Alterations in the regulation of a subset of genes in the altered pathways were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the nano-Si treatment alleviated interstitial macrophage infiltration and tubular apoptosis, implicating the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of nano-Si. In conclusion, renal IRI was attenuated by the oral administration of nano-Si, which should be considered as a novel H2 administration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kawamura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Imamura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayumu Taniguchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nakazawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoko Namba-Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Abe
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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11
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Isoflurane Postconditioning Upregulates Phosphorylated Connexin 43 in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model and Is Probably Associated with the TGF- β1/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3451215. [PMID: 32258113 PMCID: PMC7103038 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3451215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim Connexin 43 (Cx43) has been identified to be important for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as protection from it. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 (TGF. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced in 96 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g. The rats were randomized into 12 groups, namely, sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/I/R, I/R+1.5% ISPOC, I/R+LY2157299 (blocker of TGF-β1 (TGF-β1 (TGF-β1 (TGF-β1 (TGF. Results Neurological deficit scores, brain infarct volume, and damaged neurons in the I/R group significantly increased compared to those in the sham group (P < 0.05). However, in the ISPOC group, damage of the brain was significantly ameliorated (P < 0.05). However, in the ISPOC group, damage of the brain was significantly ameliorated (P < 0.05). However, in the ISPOC group, damage of the brain was significantly ameliorated (β1 (TGF-P < 0.05). However, in the ISPOC group, damage of the brain was significantly ameliorated (β1 (TGF-P < 0.05). However, in the ISPOC group, damage of the brain was significantly ameliorated (β1 (TGF-β1 (TGF-P < 0.05). However, in the ISPOC group, damage of the brain was significantly ameliorated (. Conclusion Isoflurane postconditioning (ISPOC) may alleviate cerebral I/R injury through upregulating the expression of p-Cx43, and the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway may be involved in the process.β1 (TGF.
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12
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Situmorang GR, Sheerin NS. Ischaemia reperfusion injury: mechanisms of progression to chronic graft dysfunction. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:951-963. [PMID: 29603016 PMCID: PMC6477994 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of extended criteria organs to meet the demand for kidney transplantation raises an important question of how the severity of early ischaemic injury influences long-term outcomes. Significant acute ischaemic kidney injury is associated with delayed graft function, increased immune-associated events and, ultimately, earlier deterioration of graft function. A comprehensive understanding of immediate molecular events that ensue post-ischaemia and their potential long-term consequences are key to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Acute ischaemic injury primarily affects tubular structure and function. Depending on the severity and persistence of the insult, this may resolve completely, leading to restoration of normal function, or be sustained, resulting in persistent renal impairment and progressive functional loss. Long-term effects of acute renal ischaemia are mediated by several mechanisms including hypoxia, HIF-1 activation, endothelial dysfunction leading to vascular rarefaction, sustained pro-inflammatory stimuli involving innate and adaptive immune responses, failure of tubular cells to recover and epigenetic changes. This review describes the biological relevance and interaction of these mechanisms based on currently available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard R Situmorang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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13
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Gibbs KM, Izer JM, Reeves WB, Wilson RP, Cooper TK. Effects of General Anesthesia on 2 Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury-Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 and Lipocalin 2-in Male C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018; 58:21-29. [PMID: 30538007 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Urinary biomarkers are used increasingly for sensitive prediction of kidney injury in preclinical and clinical studies. Given the frequent requirement of anesthesia in various animal models of disease, it is important to define the effects of anesthesia on kidney injury biomarkers to guide the appropriate selection of anesthetic agents and to avoid potential confounders in the interpretation of data. Therefore, we performed a prospective study using male C57BL/6J mice (n = 45) exposed to a single anesthetic episode to determine the effects several common anesthesia regimens on the urinary excretion of 2 commonly used kidney injury biomarkers: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1, also known as KIM1) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2, also known as NGAL). We evaluated 3 injectable regimens (ketamine-xylazine, tiletamine-zolazepam, and pentobarbital) and 2 inhalational agents (isoflurane and sevoflurane). Concentrations of HAVCR1 and LCN2 in urine collected at various time points after anesthesia were measured by using ELISA. Administration of ketamine-xylazine resulted in a significant increase in HAVCR1 levels at 6 h after anesthesia but a decrease in LCN2 levels compared with baseline. LCN2 levels steadily increased over the first 24 h after inhalant anesthesia, with a significant increase at 24 h after sevoflurane. These results suggest that injectable anesthesia had early effects on HAVCR1 and LCN2 levels, whereas inhalational agents increased these biomarkers over prolonged time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Gibbs
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania;,
| | - Jenelle M Izer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - W Brian Reeves
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ronald P Wilson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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14
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Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Seelen MAJ, Berger SP, van den Heuvel MC, Burgerhof JGM, Ottens PJ, Ploeg RJ, Leuvenink HGD, Struys MMRF. Propofol-based anaesthesia versus sevoflurane-based anaesthesia for living donor kidney transplantation: results of the VAPOR-1 randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:720-732. [PMID: 28510740 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplantation is associated with harmful processes affecting the viability of the graft. One of these processes is associated with the phenomenon of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Anaesthetic conditioning is a widely described strategy to attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury. We therefore conducted the Volatile Anaesthetic Protection of Renal Transplants-1 trial, a pilot project evaluating the influence of two anaesthetic regimens, propofol- vs sevoflurane-based anaesthesia, on biochemical and clinical outcomes in living donor kidney transplantation. Methods Sixty couples were randomly assigned to the following three groups: PROP (donor and recipient propofol), SEVO (donor and recipient sevoflurane), and PROSE (donor propofol and recipient sevoflurane). The primary outcome was renal injury reflected by urinary biomarkers. The follow-up period was 2 yr. Results Three couples were excluded, leaving 57 couples for analysis. Concentrations of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), N -acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase (NAG), and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in the first urine upon reperfusion showed no differences. On day 2, KIM-1 concentrations were higher in SEVO [952.8 (interquartile range 311.8-1893.0) pg mmol -1 ] compared with PROP [301.2 (202.0-504.7) pg mmol -1 ]. This was the same for NAG: SEVO, 1.835 (1.162-2.457) IU mmol -1 vs PROP, 1.078 (0.819-1.713) IU mmol -1 . Concentrations of H-FABP showed no differences. Measured glomerular filtration rate at 3, 6, and 12 months showed no difference. After 2 yr, there was a difference in the acute rejection rate ( P =0.039). Post hoc testing revealed a difference between PROP (35%) and PROSE (5%; P =0.020). The difference between PROP and SEVO (11%) was not significant ( P =0.110). Conclusions The SEVO group showed higher urinary KIM-1 and NAG concentrations in living donor kidney transplantation on the second day after transplantation. This was not reflected in inferior graft outcome. Clinical trial registration NCT01248871.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V B Nieuwenhuijs
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - J G M Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P J Ottens
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J Ploeg
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M R F Struys
- Department of Anaesthesiology.,Department of Anaesthesia, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Abstract
Pathophysiologically, the classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be divided into three categories: (1) prerenal, (2) intrinsic, and (3) postrenal. Emerging evidence supports the involvement of renal tubular epithelial cells and the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in the pathogenesis of intrinsic AKI. Pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, hypoxia inducible factors, toll-like receptors, complement system, oxidative stress, adhesion molecules, cell death, resident renal dendritic cells, neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer T cells, cytokines, and secreted chemokines contribute to the immunopathogenesis of AKI. However, other immune cells and pathways such as M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells, progranulin, and autophagy exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and facilitate kidney tissue repair after AKI. Thus, therapies for AKI include agents such as anti-inflammatory (e.g., recombinant alkaline phosphatase), antioxidants (iron chelators), and apoptosis inhibitors. In preclinical toxicity studies, drug-induced kidney injury can be seen after exposure to a nephrotoxicant test article due to immune mechanisms and dysregulation of innate, and/or adaptive cellular immunity. The focus of this review will be on intrinsic AKI, as it relates to the immune and renal systems cross talks focusing on the cellular and pathophysiologic mechanisms of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A. Radi
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Song Y, Liu W, Ding Y, Jia Y, Zhao J, Wang F, Bai J, Cheng L, Gao K, Liu M, Yao M, Li L, Zhang Y, Wen A, He L. Salvianolic acid A ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F254-F262. [PMID: 29384417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00508.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) has been shown to prevent and treat ischemic cardiovascular, as well as cerebral vascular diseases. However, little is known about Sal A in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, a renal I/R injury model in rats and a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model to damage proximal renal tubular cells (HK-2) were used to assess whether Sal A halts the development and progression of renal I/R injury. As compared with vehicle treatment, Sal A significantly attenuated kidney injury after renal I/R injury, accompanied by decreases in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels, the number of apoptosis-positive tubular cells, and kidney oxidative stress. Sal A also activated phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) compared with vehicle-treated I/R injury rats. In H/R-injured HK-2 cells, Sal A can reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species in a dose-related manner. Similar to the results from in vivo experiments, in vitro Sal A also increased the protein expression of phosphorylated-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) compared with vehicle. Furthermore, the cytoprotective activity of Sal A was inhibited by LY294002 and rapamycin. These findings indicate that Sal A can ameliorate renal I/R injury and promote tubular cell survival partly via the Akt/mTOR/4EBP1pathway. Sal A could be a candidate compound to prevent ischemic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Lianghua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Meiyou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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17
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Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A against acute kidney injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9173. [PMID: 29907783 PMCID: PMC6003992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. Rats were subjected to removal of the right kidney and I/R injury to the left kidney. Rats subjected to renal I/R injury were treated with HSYA at 0.5 h prior to I/R injury. Renal function, histopathological analysis, and cells apoptosis were measured in vivo. In vitro, proximal renal tubular cells (HK-2) were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Apoptotic cell death and inflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression were determined. Treatment of I/R rats with HSYA markedly reduced the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, attenuated renal cell apoptosis, alleviated changes in renal tissue morphology, and reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase-3 release. In vitro, HSYA effectively decreased NF-κB p65 and inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Thus, HSYA can protect renal function from I/R injury by ameliorating acute kidney injury and partly by promoting tubular cell survival via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that HSYA can be used to prevent I/R-induced acute kidney injury.
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18
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Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Channel Deficiency Aggravates Tubular Damage after Acute Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4878. [PMID: 29559678 PMCID: PMC5861116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channels are functional in all renal vascular segments and mediate endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Moreover, they are expressed in distinct parts of the tubular system and activated by cell swelling. Ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterized by tubular injury and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesised a putative organ protective role of TRPV4 in acute renal IRI. IRI was induced in TRPV4 deficient (Trpv4 KO) and wild-type (WT) control mice by clipping the left renal pedicle after right-sided nephrectomy. Serum creatinine level was higher in Trpv4 KO mice 6 and 24 hours after ischaemia compared to WT mice. Detailed histological analysis revealed that IRI caused aggravated renal tubular damage in Trpv4 KO mice, especially in the renal cortex. Immunohistological and functional assessment confirmed TRPV4 expression in proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, the tubular damage could be attributed to enhanced necrosis rather than apoptosis. Surprisingly, the percentage of infiltrating granulocytes and macrophages were comparable in IRI-damaged kidneys of Trpv4 KO and WT mice. The present results suggest a renoprotective role of TRPV4 during acute renal IRI. Further studies using cell-specific TRPV4 deficient mice are needed to clarify cellular mechanisms of TRPV4 in IRI.
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19
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Cilostazol attenuates intimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187872. [PMID: 29206849 PMCID: PMC5716535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a common cause of vasculopathy due to direct endothelial damage (such as post-coronary revascularization) or indirect injury (such as chronic kidney disease, or CKD). Although the attenuation of coronary revascularization-induced IH (direct-vascular-injury-induced IH) by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, has been demonstrated, our understanding of the effect on CKD-induced IH (indirect-vascular-injury-induced IH) is limited. Herein, we tested if cilostazol attenuated CKD-induced IH in a mouse model of ischemic-reperfusion injury with unilateral nephrectomy (Chr I/R), a normotensive non-proteinuria CKD model. Cilostazol (50 mg/kg/day) or placebo was orally administered once daily from 1-week post-nephrectomy. At 20 weeks, cilostazol significantly attenuated aortic IH as demonstrated by a 34% reduction in the total intima area with 50% and 47% decreases in the ratios of tunica intima area/tunica media area and tunica intima area/(tunica intima + tunica media area), respectively. The diameters of aorta and renal function were unchanged by cilostazol. Interestingly, cilostazol decreased miR-221, but enhanced miR-143 and miR-145 in either in vitro or aortic tissue, as well as attenuated several pro-inflammatory mediators, including asymmetrical dimethylarginine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, vascular endothelial growth factor in aorta and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). We demonstrated a proof of concept of the effectiveness of cilostazol in attenuating IH in a Chr I/R mouse model, a CKD model with predominantly indirect-vascular-injury-induced IH. These considerations warrant further investigation to develop a new primary prevention strategy for CKD-related IH.
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20
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Satomoto M, Sun Z, Adachi YU, Kinoshita H, Makita K. Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Exp Anim 2017; 67:193-200. [PMID: 29187700 PMCID: PMC5955751 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation induces brain neuronal inflammation, in turn causing acute
cognitive disorders. Furthermore, neuronal inflammation is one cause of postoperative
cognitive disorder (POCD) and delirium. However, no sufficiently established
pharmacological treatment is available for neurocognitive inflammation. This study
evaluated the possible neuroprotective effects of preconditioning with sevoflurane
anesthesia on cognition and neuroinflammatory changes in an animal model of
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. Adult mice were randomly divided
into (1) control, (2) 2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 1 h, (3) intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg
LPS injection, and (4) 2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 1 h + LPS injection groups. At
24 h after 5 mg/kg LPS injection, microglial activation based on ionized calcium-binding
adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the hippocampus was determined using
immunostaining and immunoblotting. IL-1β and IL-6 immunoblotting were used as inflammation
markers, and β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) immunoblotting
was performed to evaluate amyloid β-protein (Aβ) accumulation. Long-term cognitive
impairment was evaluated using fear conditioning tests. Intraperitoneal LPS increased
levels of Iba-1 (150%), inflammation markers (160%), and Aβ accumulation (350%), and
sevoflurane preconditioning suppressed these increases. Systemic LPS caused learning
deficits. Sevoflurane also maintained long-term memory in mice receiving LPS injection.
Sevoflurane preconditioning prevented long-term memory impairment in the mouse model
administered systemic LPS by decreasing excessive microglial activation, inflammation, and
Aβ accumulation. This study supports the hypothesis that sevoflurane preconditioning might
also be beneficial for neuronal inflammation. Sevoflurane might be beneficial for reducing
delirium and POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Satomoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.,Present address: Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Zhongliang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yushi U Adachi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute-shi, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koshi Makita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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21
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Jun JH, Song JW, Shin EJ, Kwak YL, Choi N, Shim JK. Ethyl pyruvate is renoprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury under hyperglycemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 155:1650-1658. [PMID: 29195627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia (HG) is common in cardiovascular surgeries due to diabetes, inflammation, and the neuroendocrine stress response. HG aggravates renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through an increased inflammatory response, and blunts the protective effect of various measures. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) provides anti-inflammatory effects against I/R injury via inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release. This study aimed to determine the renoprotective effect of EP against I/R injury under HG. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned at random to 8 groups: normoglycemia (NG)-sham, NG-I/R-control, NG-EP-I/R (pretreatment), NG-I/R-EP (posttreatment), HG-sham, HG-I/R-control, HG-EP-I/R, and HG-I/R-EP. Renal I/R was induced by 45 minutes of ischemia (clamping of renal arteries), followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. EP (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h before ischemia (pretreatment) or on reperfusion (posttreatment). RESULTS I/R injury under HG significantly aggravated the degree of renal tubular apoptosis and damage compared with the NG groups, which could be attenuated by both pretreatment and posttreatment of EP. I/R-induced increases in HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), activation of NF-kB, and resultant alterations in interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, proapoptotic Bax, and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 were all favorably modulated by EP treatment in both the NG and HG groups compared with their corresponding control groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite aggravation of renal I/R injury by HG through amplified inflammation, EP administration showed similar suppression of the HMGB1-TLR-NF-kB pathway in the HG and NG groups. EP retained anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and renoprotective effects in the HG groups, whether administered before ischemia or on reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Jun
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Song
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Shin
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Kwak
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakcheol Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Shim
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Yuki K, Eckenhoff RG. Mechanisms of the Immunological Effects of Volatile Anesthetics: A Review. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:326-35. [PMID: 27308954 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics (VAs) have been in clinical use for a very long time. Their mechanism of action is yet to be fully delineated, but multiple ion channels have been reported as targets for VAs (canonical VA targets). It is increasingly recognized that VAs also manifest effects outside the central nervous system, including on immune cells. However, the literature related to how VAs affect the behavior of immune cells is very limited, but it is of interest that some canonical VA targets are reportedly expressed in immune cells. Here, we review the current literature and describe canonical VA targets expressed in leukocytes and their known roles. In addition, we introduce adhesion molecules called β2 integrins as noncanonical VA targets in leukocytes. Finally, we propose a model for how VAs affect the function of neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells via concerted effects on multiple targets as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; †Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‡Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Bongoni AK, Lu B, Salvaris EJ, Roberts V, Fang D, McRae JL, Fisicaro N, Dwyer KM, Cowan PJ. Overexpression of Human CD55 and CD59 or Treatment with Human CD55 Protects against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4837-4845. [PMID: 28500075 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in the membrane-bound complement regulators CD55 and CD59 exacerbates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mouse models, but the effect of increasing CD55 and CD59 activity has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the impact of overexpression of human (h) CD55 ± hCD59 or treatment with soluble rhCD55 in a mouse model of renal IRI. Unilaterally nephrectomised mice were subjected to 18 (mild IRI) or 22 min (moderate IRI) warm renal ischemia, and analyzed 24 h after reperfusion for renal function (serum creatinine and urea), complement deposition (C3b/c and C9), and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Transgenic mice expressing hCD55 alone were protected against mild renal IRI, with reduced creatinine and urea levels compared with wild type littermates. However, the renal function of the hCD55 mice was not preserved in the moderate IRI model, despite a reduction in C3b/c and C9 deposition and innate cell infiltration. Mice expressing both hCD55 and hCD59, on the other hand, were protected in the moderate IRI model, with significant reductions in all parameters measured. Wild type mice treated with rhCD55 immediately after reperfusion were also protected in the moderate IRI model. Thus, manipulation of CD55 activity to increase inhibition of the C3 and C5 convertases is protective against renal IRI, and the additional expression of hCD59, which regulates the terminal complement pathway, provides further protection. Therefore, anti-complement therapy using complement regulatory proteins may provide a potential clinical option for preventing tissue and organ damage in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Bongoni
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Bo Lu
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Salvaris
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Veena Roberts
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; and
| | - Doreen Fang
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; and
| | - Jennifer L McRae
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Nella Fisicaro
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; and
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24
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Seo K, Choi JW, Kim DW, Han D, Noh SJ, Jung HS. Aminophylline Effect on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:358-365. [PMID: 28219599 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminophylline increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aminophylline on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups. In the sham group (group S, n = 10), only right nephrectomy was performed. In the control group (group C, n = 10), after right nephrectomy, the mice were subjected to 30 minutes of left renal ischemia. In the aminophylline group (group A, n = 10), an intraperitoneal injection of aminophylline (5 mg/kg) was performed before renal ischemia. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the mice were euthanized, and plasma and kidney samples were obtained to analyze the serum creatinine, renal histology, and expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The serum creatinine concentration in group C was markedly elevated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Aminophylline treatment significantly reduced serum creatinine, compared with group C. Aminophylline also reduced the histological evidence of renal damage. The expression levels of NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA were significantly increased in group C (P < .001). Group A showed lower expression of NF-kB, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-2, and ICAM-1 mRNA than group C (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Aminophylline treatment improved the renal function and indexes of renal inflammation, which suggests that it provided reno-protection against renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-W Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Noh
- The Research Institute of Medical Science, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Role of Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase in Immediate Renal Impairment and Inflammatory Response in Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27517. [PMID: 27273292 PMCID: PMC4897642 DOI: 10.1038/srep27517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to act protectively during renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the role of the endogenous H2S in acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely unclear. Here, we analyzed the role of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) in acute renal IRI using CTH-deficient (Cth−/−) mice whose renal H2S levels were approximately 50% of control (wild-type) mice. Although levels of serum creatinine and renal expression of AKI marker proteins were equivalent between Cth−/− and control mice, histological analysis revealed that IRI caused less renal tubular damage in Cth−/− mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that renal population of infiltrated granulocytes/macrophages was equivalent in these mice. However, renal expression levels of certain inflammatory cytokines/adhesion molecules believed to play a role in IRI were found to be lower after IRI only in Cth−/− mice. Our results indicate that the systemic CTH loss does not deteriorate but rather ameliorates the immediate AKI outcome probably due to reduced inflammatory responses in the kidney. The renal expression of CTH and other H2S-producing enzymes was markedly suppressed after IRI, which could be an integrated adaptive response for renal cell protection.
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26
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Jia Y, Zhao J, Liu M, Li B, Song Y, Li Y, Wen A, Shi L. Brazilin exerts protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:210-6. [PMID: 27247107 PMCID: PMC4899020 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality as there is currently no available effective therapeutic strategy with which to treat this injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of brazilin, a major active component of the Chinese medicine Caesalpinia sappan L., against renal I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Rats were subjected to removal of the right kidney and I/R injury to the left kidney (ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h). Treatment with brazilin (30 mg/kg, administered intravenously at 30 min prior to ischemia) led to the reversal of I/R-induced changes in serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and also attenuated the histopathological damage induced by I/R. Furthermore, TUNEL assay revealed that brazilin reduced cell necrosis, and significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in renal tissue. Moreover, HK-2 cells were used in order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the protective effects of brazilin. The levels of phosphorylated IκBα and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were all evidently decreased by brazilin. These findings suggested that pre-treatment with brazilin protects against I/R-induced renal damage and suppresses the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Meiyou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bingling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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27
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Kierulf-Lassen C, Kristensen MLV, Birn H, Jespersen B, Nørregaard R. No Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning Strategies on Recovery from Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Protective Molecular Mediators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146109. [PMID: 26720280 PMCID: PMC4697851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the major cause of acute kidney injury. Remote ischemic conditioning (rIC) performed as brief intermittent sub-lethal ischemia and reperfusion episodes in a distant organ may protect the kidney against IRI. Here we investigated the renal effects of rIC applied either prior to (remote ischemic preconditioning; rIPC) or during (remote ischemic perconditioning; rIPerC) sustained ischemic kidney injury in rats. The effects were evaluated as differences in creatinine clearance (CrCl) rate, tissue tubular damage marker expression, and potential kidney recovery mediators. One week after undergoing right-sided nephrectomy, rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (n = 7), ischemia and reperfusion (IR; n = 10), IR+rIPC (n = 10), and IR+rIPerC (n = 10). The rIC was performed as four repeated episodes of 5-minute clamping of the infrarenal aorta followed by 5-minute release either before or during 37 minutes of left renal artery clamping representing the IRI. Urine and blood were sampled prior to ischemia as well as 3 and 7 days after reperfusion. The kidney was harvested for mRNA and protein isolation. Seven days after IRI, the CrCl change from baseline values was similar in the IR (δ: 0.74 mL/min/kg [-0.45 to 1.94]), IR+rIPC (δ: 0.21 mL/min/kg [-0.75 to 1.17], p > 0.9999), and IR+rIPerC (δ: 0.41 mL/min/kg [-0.43 to 1.25], p > 0.9999) groups. Kidney function recovery was associated with a significant up-regulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), and heat shock proteins (HSPs) pHSP27, HSP32, and HSP70, but rIC was not associated with any significant differences in tubular damage, inflammatory, or fibrosis marker expression. In our study, rIC did not protect the kidney against IRI. However, on days 3-7 after IRI, all groups recovered renal function. This was associated with pAkt and pERK1/2 up-regulation and increased HSP expression at day 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Kierulf-Lassen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Ikeda M, Swide T, Vayl A, Lahm T, Anderson S, Hutchens MP. Estrogen administered after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation ameliorates acute kidney injury in a sex- and age-specific manner. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:332. [PMID: 26384003 PMCID: PMC4574460 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There is a sex difference in the risk of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), and estrogen mediates the protective effect of female sex. We previously demonstrated that preprocedural chronic restoration of physiologic estrogen to ovariectomized female mice ameliorated AKI after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). In the present study, we hypothesized that male mice and aged female mice would benefit from estrogen administration after CA/CPR. We tested the effect of estrogen in a clinically relevant manner by administrating it after CA/CPR. Methods CA/CPR was performed in young (10–15 weeks), middle-aged (43–48 weeks), and aged (78–87 weeks) C57BL/6 male and female mice. Mice received intravenous 17β-estradiol or vehicle 15 min after resuscitation. Serum chemistries and unbiased stereological assessment of renal injury were completed 24 h after CA. Regional renal cortical blood flow was measured by a laser Doppler, and renal levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) were evaluated with immunoblotting. Results Post-arrest estrogen administration reduced injury in young males without significant changes in renal blood flow (percentage reduction compared with vehicle: serum urea nitrogen, 30 %; serum creatinine (sCr), 41 %; volume of necrotic tubules (VNT), 31 %; P < 0.05). In contrast, estrogen did not affect any outcomes in young females. In aged mice, estrogen significantly reduced sCr (80 %) and VNT (73 %) in males and VNT (51 %) in females. Serum estrogen levels in aged female mice after CA/CPR were the same as levels in male mice. With age, renal ERα was upregulated in females. Conclusions Estrogen administration after resuscitation from CA ameliorates renal injury in young males and aged mice in both sexes. Because injury was small, young females were not affected. The protective effect of exogenous estrogen may be detectable with loss of endogenous estrogen in aged females and could be mediated by differences in renal ERs. Post-arrest estrogen administration is renoprotective in a sex- and age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuko Ikeda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Thomas Swide
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Alexandra Vayl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Joseph E. Walther Hall, R3 C400 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Joseph E. Walther Hall, R3 C400 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Sharon Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Michael P Hutchens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Zhang S, Duehrkop C, Plock JA, Rieben R. Inhalation anesthesia of rats: influence of the fraction of inspired oxygen on limb ischemia/reperfusion injury. Lab Anim 2015; 50:185-97. [PMID: 26345513 DOI: 10.1177/0023677215604531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane is a well-established and safe method used in small laboratory animals. In most cases oxygen is used as a carrier gas for isoflurane, but room air or mixtures of oxygen with air or nitrous oxide are also being used. Anesthesia is therefore administered using different fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and this may have consequences for the outcome of experiments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of FiO2 on rat hind limb ischemia/reperfusion injury and to refine the used inhalation anesthesia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 3.5 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion, and divided into three groups according to FiO2 in the O2/air/isoflurane anesthesia gas mixture: 40%, 60%, and 100% O2 Normal, healthy rats were used as controls. Muscle edema and creatine kinase MM, a marker for myocyte necrosis, were significantly increased with 40% FiO2 as compared with 100% FiO2 (P < 0.05). Partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, and oxyhemoglobin were significantly higher in the 100% O2 group as compared with 40% O2 No significant differences were detected for other parameters, such as the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. We conclude that a refined inhalation anesthesia setting using 40% FiO2, reflecting more or less the clinical situation, leads to a more severe and more physiologically relevant reperfusion injury than higher FiO2. Oxidative stress did not correlate with FiO2 and seemed to have no influence on reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Duehrkop
- Department of Immunology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J A Plock
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Rieben
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Rabadi MM, Lee HT. Adenosine receptors and renal ischaemia reperfusion injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:222-31. [PMID: 25287331 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the frequent clinical complications that results in billions of dollars in healthcare costs annually in the United States is acute kidney injury (AKI). Ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause AKI. Unfortunately, no effective treatment or preventive measure for AKI exists. With increased surgical complexity coupled with increasing number of elderly, the incidence of AKI is becoming more frequent. Adenosine is a metabolic breakdown product of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and contributes to the regulation of multiple physiological events. Extracellular adenosine activates four subtypes of adenosine receptors (AR) including A1 AR, A2 A AR, A2 B AR and A3 AR. In the kidney, adenosine regulates glomerular filtration rate, vascular tone, renin release and is an integrative part of tubular glomerular feedback signal to the afferent arterioles. In addition, each AR subtype powerfully modulates renal IR injury. The A1 AR activation protects against ischaemic insult by reducing apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation. Activation of A2 A AR protects against renal injury by modulating leucocyte-mediated inflammation as well as directly reducing renal tubular inflammation. Activation of A2 B AR acts via direct activation of renal parenchymal as well as renovascular receptors and is important in kidney preconditioning. Finally, activation of A3 AR exacerbates renal damage following renal IR injury while A3 AR antagonism attenuates renal damage following ischaemic insult. Latest body of research suggests that kidney AR modulation may be a promising approach to treat ischaemic AKI. This brief review focuses on the signalling pathways of adenosine in the kidney followed by the role for various AR modulations in protecting against ischaemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Rabadi
- Department of Anesthesiology; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - H. T. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University; New York NY USA
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31
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Khajuria A, Tay C, Shi J, Zhao H, Ma D. Anesthetics attenuate ischemia–reperfusion induced renal injury: Effects and mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 52:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jaworska K, Ratajczak J, Huang L, Whalen K, Yang M, Stevens BK, Kinsey GR. Both PD-1 ligands protect the kidney from ischemia reperfusion injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:325-33. [PMID: 25404361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in hospitalized patients that enhances morbidity and mortality and promotes the development of chronic and end-stage renal disease. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of AKI and is characterized by uncontrolled renal inflammation and tubular epithelial cell death. Our recent studies demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect the kidney from ischemia reperfusion-induced inflammation and injury. Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of Tregs, prior to adoptive transfer, negates their ability to protect against ischemic kidney injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the known PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in kidney IRI. Administration of PD-L1 or PD-L2 blocking Abs prior to mild or moderate kidney IRI significantly exacerbated the loss of renal function, renal inflammation, and acute tubular necrosis compared with mice receiving isotype control Abs. Interestingly, blockade of both PD-1 ligands resulted in worse injury, dysfunction, and inflammation than did blocking either ligand alone. Genetic deficiency of either PD-1 ligand also exacerbated kidney dysfunction and acute tubular necrosis after subthreshold ischemia. Bone marrow chimeric studies revealed that PD-L1 expressed on non-bone marrow-derived cells is critical for this resistance to IRI. Finally, blockade of either PD-1 ligand negated the protective ability of adoptively transferred Tregs in IRI. These findings suggest that PD-L1 and PD-L2 are nonredundant aspects of the natural protective response to ischemic injury and may be novel therapeutic targets for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jaworska
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Joanna Ratajczak
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kristen Whalen
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Mana Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Brian K Stevens
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Gilbert R Kinsey
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) prolongs hospital stay and increases mortality in various clinical settings. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), nephrotoxic agents and infection leading to sepsis are among the major causes of AKI. Inflammatory responses substantially contribute to the overall renal damage in AKI. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the inflammatory process occurring in post-ischaemic AKI. Proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns, hypoxia-inducible factors, adhesion molecules, dysfunction of the renal vascular endothelium, chemokines, cytokines and Toll-like receptors are involved in the activation and recruitment of immune cells into injured kidneys. Immune cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of renal injury after IRI, and some of their subpopulations also participate in the repair process. These immune cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotoxic AKI. Experimental studies of immune cells in AKI have resulted in improved understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying AKI and will be the foundation for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This Review describes what is currently known about the function of the immune system in the pathogenesis and repair of ischaemic and nephrotoxic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Jang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Liang Y, Li Z, Mo N, Li M, Zhuang Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Guo X. Isoflurane preconditioning ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic actions in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1599-605. [PMID: 25088045 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury via inflammation and cell apoptosis. Volatile anesthetics have been shown to exert organ-protective effects against kidney damage in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects of isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, on renal I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms. Rats subjected to renal I/R displayed higher serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels than sham rats as well as severe histopathological damage. Renal I/R also resulted in a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory response and dysfunction of the p53-Bax-caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. Rats preconditioned with 1.5% isoflurane for 2 h had better renal function and less tubular apoptosis 24 h after I/R injury than control rats. Pretreatment with isoflurane suppressed renal NF-κB activation, leading to a reduction in proinflammatory molecules (high-mobility group box 1, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) both in the kidneys and circulation. In addition, rats subjected to isoflurane preconditioning had a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and less cleaved caspase-3. Our findings suggest that preconditioning with a clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane attenuates renal I/R injury, based at least in part on its ability to modulate renal inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxian Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital
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35
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Bussmann AR, Marton Filho MA, Módolo MP, Módolo RP, Amado P, Domingues MAC, Castiglia YMM, Módolo NSP. Effect of allopurinol on the kidney function, histology and injury biomarker (NGAL, IL 18) levels in uninephrectomised rats subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:515-21. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Subanesthetic isoflurane reduces zymosan-induced inflammation in murine Kupffer cells by inhibiting ROS-activated p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:851692. [PMID: 25147596 PMCID: PMC4134815 DOI: 10.1155/2014/851692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetic isoflurane (ISO) has immunomodulatory effects. The fungal component zymosan (ZY) induces inflammation through toll-like receptor 2 or dectin-1 signaling. We investigated the molecular actions of subanesthetic (0.7%) ISO against ZY-induced inflammatory activation in murine Kupffer cells (KCs), which are known as the resident macrophages within the liver. We observed that ISO reduced ZY-induced cyclooxygenase 2 upregulation and prostaglandin E2 release, as determined by western blot and radioimmunoassay, respectively. ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. ISO blocked the ZY-induced nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor- (NF)-κB p65. Moreover, ISO attenuated ZY-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation partly by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS); the interregulation that ROS activated p38 MAPK followed by NF-κB activation was crucial for the ZY-induced inflammatory responses in KCs. An in vivo study by peritoneal injection of ZY into BALB/C mice confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of 0.7% ISO against ZY in KCs. These results suggest that ISO ameliorates ZY-induced inflammatory responses in murine KCs by inhibiting the interconnected ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Kim M, Ham A, Kim KYM, Brown KM, Lee HT. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases endothelial adenosine generation via microparticle ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) release. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99950. [PMID: 24945528 PMCID: PMC4063779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is common in acute and chronic organ injury. Isoflurane is a widely used halogenated volatile anesthetic during the perioperative period and protects against endothelial cell death and inflammation. In this study, we tested whether isoflurane induces endothelial ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) and cytoprotective adenosine generation to protect against endothelial cell injury. Clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane induced CD73 activity and increased adenosine generation in cultured human umbilical vein or mouse glomerular endothelial cells. Surprisingly, isoflurane-mediated induction of endothelial CD73 activity occurred within 1 hr and without synthesizing new CD73. We determined that isoflurane rapidly increased CD73 containing endothelial microparticles into the cell culture media. Indeed, microparticles isolated from isoflurane-treated endothelial cells had significantly higher CD73 activity as well as increased CD73 protein. In vivo, plasma from mice anesthetized with isoflurane had significantly higher endothelial cell-derived CD144+ CD73+ microparticles and had increased microparticle CD73 activity compared to plasma from pentobarbital-anesthetized mice. Supporting a critical role of CD73 in isoflurane-mediated endothelial protection, a selective CD73 inhibitor (APCP) prevented isoflurane-induced protection against human endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis. In addition, isoflurane activated endothelial cells Rho kinase evidenced by myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Furthermore, isoflurane-induced release of CD73 containing microparticles was significantly attenuated by a selective Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632). Taken together, we conclude that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane causes Rho kinase-mediated release of endothelial microparticles containing preformed CD73 and increase adenosine generation to protect against endothelial apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ahrom Ham
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - H. Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Critical role of interleukin-11 in isoflurane-mediated protection against ischemic acute kidney injury in mice. Anesthesiology 2014; 119:1389-401. [PMID: 24037316 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3182a950da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane releases renal tubular transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and protects against ischemic acute kidney injury. Recent studies suggest that TGF-β1 can induce a cytoprotective cytokine interleukin (IL)-11. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that isoflurane protects against ischemic acute kidney injury by direct induction of renal tubular IL-11 synthesis. METHODS Human kidney proximal tubule cells were treated with 1.25-2.5% isoflurane or carrier gas (room air + 5% carbon dioxide) for 0-16 h. The authors also anesthetized C57BL/6 mice with 1.2% isoflurane or with equianesthetic dose of pentobarbital for 4 h. In addition, the authors subjected IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) wild-type, IL-11R-deficient, or IL-11 neutralized mice to 30-min renal ischemia followed by reperfusion under 4 h of anesthesia with pentobarbital or isoflurane (1.2%). RESULTS Isoflurane increased IL-11 synthesis in human (approximately 300-500% increase, N = 6) and mouse (23 ± 4 [mean ± SD] fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) proximal tubule cells that were attenuated by a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane showed significantly increased kidney IL-11 messenger RNA (13.8 ± 2 fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) and protein (31 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 2 pg/mg protein or approximately 80% increase, N = 4) expression compared with pentobarbital-anesthetized mice, and this increase was also attenuated by a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, isoflurane-mediated renal protection in IL-11R wild-type mice was absent in IL-11R-deficient mice or in IL-11R wild-type mice treated with IL-11-neutralizing antibody (N = 4-6). CONCLUSION In this study, the authors suggest that isoflurane induces renal tubular IL-11 via TGF-β1 signaling to protect against ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units. There is growing evidence that volatile anesthetics have beneficial immunomodulatory effects on complex inflammation-mediated conditions. The authors investigated the effect of volatile anesthetics on the overall survival of mice in a sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS Mice (N = 12 per treatment group) were exposed to anesthetic concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane either during induction of sepsis or when the mice showed pronounced symptoms of inflammation. Overall survival, as well as organ function and inflammation was compared with the CLP group without intervention. RESULTS With desflurane and sevoflurane conditioning (1.2 minimal alveolar concentration for 2 h immediately after induction of CLP) overall survival was improved to 58% and 83%, respectively, compared with 17% in the untreated CLP group. Isoflurane did not significantly affect outcome. Application of sevoflurane 24 h after sepsis induction significantly improved overall survival to 66%. CONCLUSIONS Administration of the volatile anesthetics desflurane and sevoflurane reduced CLP-induced mortality. Anesthesia may be a critical confounder when comparing study data where different anesthesia protocols were used.
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General anesthetics inhibit LPS-induced IL-1β expression in glial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82930. [PMID: 24349401 PMCID: PMC3859610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, are considered the primary source of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. Immune insults stimulate glial cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines that modulate the acute systemic response, which includes fever, behavioral changes, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. We investigated the effect of general anesthetics on proinflammatory cytokine expression in the primary cultured glial cells, the microglial cell line BV-2, the astrocytic cell line A-1 and mouse brain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Primary cultured glial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with general anesthetics including isoflurane, pentobarbital, midazolam, ketamine, and propofol. Following this treatment, we examined glial cell expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). LPS-induced expression of IL-1β mRNA and protein were significantly reduced by all the anesthetics tested, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression was unaffected. The anesthetics suppressed LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation, but did not affect nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 activation. The same effect was observed with BV-2, but not with A-1 cells. In the mouse experiments, LPS was injected intraperitoneally, and isoflurane suppressed IL-1β in the brain and adrenocorticotropic hormone in plasma, but not IL-1β in plasma. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results indicate that general anesthetics inhibit LPS-induced IL-1β upregulation in glial cells, particularly microglia, and affects HPA axis participation in the stress response.
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Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB pathway in the adhesion of neutrophils to renal tubular cells after injury induced by neonatal postasphyxial serum. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 388:85-94. [PMID: 24276753 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory proteins. However, it is unclear whether the NF-κB/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) pathway is involved in the adhesion of neutrophils and renal injury after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonates. In this report we investigated whether NF-κB and its downstream molecule ICAM-1 were involved in renal injury induced by postasphyxial serum (PS) from neonates. Human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells were preincubated with 10 % fetal calf serum (control), 20 % neonatal PS, or 20 % PS plus pyrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The expression of IκBα, NF-κB p65, and ICAM-1 in HK-2 cells was determined by Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in HK-2 cells was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The ICAM-1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Then HK-2 cells were cultured with neutrophils from neonates with asphyxia. After HK-2 cells had been cultured with neutrophils, we detected myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cell viability. We found that PS preincubation resulted in significantly decreased IκBα expression and increased expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1, and facilitated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in HK-2 cells. PS preincubation increased MPO activity, leading to elevated leakage rates of LDH and decreased cell viability after neutrophil exposure. Furthermore, the inhibition of NF-κB activity by PDTC significantly upregulated IκBα expression, decreased NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression, downregulated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and decreased MPO activity. This leads to decreased leakage rates of LDH and increased cell viability after neutrophil exposure. Our findings suggest that NF-κB/ICAM-1 pathway may be involved in neutrophil-endothelial interactions and neonatal renal injury after HI.
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Herrmann IK, Castellon M, Schwartz DE, Hasler M, Urner M, Hu G, Minshall RD, Beck-Schimmer B. Intravenous application of a primary sevoflurane metabolite improves outcome in murine septic peritonitis: first results. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72057. [PMID: 23977207 PMCID: PMC3747167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics are known to have immunomodulatory effects in conditions of organ injury. A recent study in an experimental sepsis model has shown remarkably improved survival when mice were exposed to volatile anesthetics. In the present study, we show that hexafluoroisopropanol – a water-soluble primary sevoflurane metabolite – has beneficial effects on the overall survival in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture. Seven-day survival as well as tissue damage markers including transaminases and high mobility group box protein-1 were assessed as measures of end organ damage. In animals undergoing cecal ligation and puncture procedure hexafluoroisopropanol conditioning - but not late postconditioning 24 hours after sepsis induction - significantly increased survival rate (17% vs. 77%, p = 0.037) and attenuated secretion of organ damage markers. This study shows survival benefits by administration of the metabolite of a volatile anesthetic. If successfully translated, hexafluoroisopropanol might offer interesting therapeutic opportunities in the future treatment of abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K. Herrmann
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maricela Castellon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David E. Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melanie Hasler
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Urner
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guochang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Fuchs K, Kukuk D, Mahling M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Reischl G, Reutershan J, Lang F, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Impact of Anesthetics on 3′-[18F]Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) Uptake in Animal Models of Cancer and Inflammation. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Fuchs
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Damaris Kukuk
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Mahling
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Reutershan
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- From the Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, and the Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of non-contrast media agent-induced kidney injury: from preclinical data to clinical evidence. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69:1375-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kim M, Ham A, Kim JY, Brown KM, D'Agati VD, Lee HT. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Kidney Int 2013; 84:90-103. [PMID: 23423261 PMCID: PMC3676468 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The volatile anesthetic isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by releasing renal tubular TGF-β1. Since adenosine is a powerful cytoprotective molecule, we tested whether TGF-β1 generated by isoflurane induces renal tubular ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Isoflurane induced new CD73 synthesis and increased adenosine generation in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells and in mouse kidney. Moreover, a TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody prevented isoflurane-mediated induction of CD73 activity. Mice anesthetized with isoflurane after renal ischemia and reperfusion had significantly reduced plasma creatinine and decreased renal tubular necrosis, neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis compared to pentobarbital-anesthetized mice. Isoflurane failed to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in CD73 deficient mice, in mice pretreated with a selective CD73 inhibitor or mice treated with an adenosine receptor antagonist. The TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody or the CD73 inhibitor attenuated isoflurane-mediated protection against HK-2 cell apoptosis. Thus, isoflurane causes TGF-β1-dependent induction of renal tubular CD73 and adenosine generation to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Modulation of this pathway may have important therapeutic implications to reduce morbidity and mortality arising from ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Anesthesiology Research Laboratories, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Pang YL, Chen BS, Li SP, Huang CC, Chang SW, Lam CF, Tsai YC. The preconditioning pulmonary protective effect of volatile isoflurane in acute lung injury is mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS. J Anesth 2012; 26:822-8. [PMID: 22864653 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is still a lack of evidence to support the use of specific anesthetic agents during major operations that could affect the development of postoperative acute lung injury (ALI). This study determined the protective effect of inhaled isoflurane in a rat model of endotoxin-induced ALI. METHODS Rats were exposed to volatile isoflurane (1.5 % in oxygen) or pure oxygen via a facemask for 2 h. After a 3-h recovery period, rats were reanesthetized and ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg in 0.5 ml saline). In some animals, a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, 1400W, (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered before exposure to isoflurane. Animals were sacrificed 12 h later for analysis. Pulmonary artery vasomotor function and alveolocapillary permeability were assessed. Expression of iNOS and CD11b, and activity of myeloperoxidase in the lung were analyzed. RESULTS The maximal relaxation response to acetylcholine was significantly potentiated in rats pretreated with isoflurane. Lung wet-to-dry ratio was reduced in the lung of isoflurane-treated animals. Expression of iNOS and CD11b were attenuated in the lung tissue obtained from rats receiving isoflurane. Furthermore, enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase was also reduced in the lung preexposed to isoflurane. However, these pulmonary protective effects of isoflurane were significantly abolished by pretreatment with 1400W. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with volatile isoflurane attenuated inflammatory process in the lung tissue of rats with LPS-induced ALI, and this preconditioning pulmonary protective effect was mainly mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Floerchinger B, Yuan X, Jurisch A, Timsit MO, Ge X, Lee YL, Schmid C, Tullius SG. Inflammatory immune responses in a reproducible mouse brain death model. Transpl Immunol 2012; 27:25-9. [PMID: 22549100 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain death impairs donor organ quality and accelerates immune responses after transplantation. Detailed aspects of immune activation following brain death remain unclear. We have established a mouse model and investigated the immediate consequences of brain death and anesthesia on immune responses. METHODS C57JBl/6 mice (n=6/group) were anesthetized with isoflurane (ISF) or ketamine/xylazine (KX); subsequently, animals underwent brain death induction and were followed for 3h under continuous ventilation. Blood pressure was monitored continuously and animals were resuscitated with normal saline to achieve normotension. Immune activation in brain dead animals was analyzed by IFNγ-ELispot, MLR, and flow-cytometry. Sham-operated and naïve animals served as controls. RESULTS Blood pressure remained stable in both BD/KX and BD/ISF animals during the 3h observation time. Brain death was linked to systemic immune activation: IFNγ-expression of splenocytes and lymphocyte proliferation rates was significantly elevated subsequent to brain death (p<0.02, <0.01); T-cell activation markers CD28 and CD69 had increased in brain dead animals (p<0.03, <0.02). Isoflurane treatment in sham controls throughout the observation period (3.5h) revealed anesthesia associated IFNγ-expression and lymphocyte activation which were not observed when animals were treated with ketamine/xylazine (p<0.04, <0.009). CONCLUSIONS This study reports on a reproducible and hemodynamically stable brain death mouse model. Hemodynamic stability was not impacted through either isoflurane or ketamine/xylazine induction. Of clinical relevance, prolonged anesthesia with isoflurane had been linked to pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. Brain death caused systemic immune activation in organ donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Floerchinger
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yap S, Park SW, Egan B, Lee HT. Cytokine elevation and transaminitis after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F1104-11. [PMID: 22262478 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00543.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury frequently occurs in the critically ill and often progresses into multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, resulting in high mortality. We previously showed that nephrectomized mice had increased interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α that directly contributed to systemic inflammation and hepatic injury. In this study, we examined whether patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy have increased postoperative cytokine levels with injury to the liver and whether the remaining kidney sustains injury. Serial serum and urine samples were collected from 32 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and 17 patients undergoing nonrenal laparoscopic surgery. Serum IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (markers of systemic inflammation) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), MCP-1, and IL-18 (markers of acute kidney injury) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also analyzed serum creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase to assess liver injury. Patients who underwent donor nephrectomy not only demonstrated increased serum creatinine but also had significant increases in serum IL-6, MCP-1, and AST. Serum TNF-α also trended upward in donor nephrectomy patients. Finally, the donor nephrectomy group showed increased urinary NGAL but not KIM-1 at 24 h. Taken together, our findings of increased serum IL-6, MCP-1, and AST after donor nephrectomy suggest that an acute reduction of kidney function induces systemic inflammation and may have distant effects on the liver. Further studies are needed to correlate increased urinary NGAL after donor nephrectomy both as a potential marker for renal tubular stress and/or hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Yap
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
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Zhang L, Luo N, Liu J, Duan Z, Du G, Cheng J, Lin H, Li Z. Emulsified Isoflurane Preconditioning Protects Against Liver and Lung Injury in Rat Model of Hemorrhagic Shock. J Surg Res 2011; 171:783-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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