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Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Amiri MS, Nourbakhsh F, Rahnama M, Forouzanfar F, Mousavi SH. Bio-indicators in cadmium toxicity: Role of HSP27 and HSP70. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26359-26379. [PMID: 33834331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are expressed by cells in reply to stressors. The changes in concentration of HSPs could be utilized as a bio-indicator of oxidative stress caused by heavy metal. Exposure to the different heavy metals may induce or reduce the expression of different HSPs. The exposure to cadmium ion (Cd2+) could increase HSP70 and HSP27 over 2- to 10-fold or even more. The in vitro and in vivo models indicate that the HSP70 family is more sensitive to Cd intoxication than other HSPs. The analyses of other HSPs along with HSP70, especially HSP27, could also be useful to obtain more accurate results. In this regard, this review focuses on examining the literature to bold the futuristic uses of HSPs as bio-indicators in the initial assessment of Cd exposure risks in defined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Zang Y, Devleesschauwer B, Bolger PM, Goodman E, Gibb HJ. Global burden of late-stage chronic kidney disease resulting from dietary exposure to cadmium, 2015. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:72-78. [PMID: 30419431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposures to cadmium (Cd) are associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In support of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s initiative to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases, a risk assessment was performed to estimate the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to late-stage CKD associated with dietary exposures to cadmium. Using the distribution of population GFRs, the prevalence of CKD was calculated as the proportion of humans whose GFR fall in the ranges corresponding to Stage 4 or Stage 5 CKD. The increase in the CKD prevalence due to cadmium exposure was simulated based on a previously reported pharmacokinetic model describing the relationship between dietary cadmium intake and urinary cadmium (UCd), as well as a previously published dose-response relationship between UCd and GFR. Cadmium-related incidence rate, calculated as the change in the prevalence during a one-year period, were used to compute the mortality and DALY in all WHO regions. It is estimated that dietary cadmium would result in a median of 12,224 stage 4 and stage 5 new CKD cases per year worldwide, resulting in 2064 global deaths and 70,513 DALYs. These data translate into a median global burden of 1.0 DALY per 100,000 population, which account for 0.2% of the global DALYs of CKD. While these results suggest that the overall impact of dietary cadmium exposure on global CKD is low, they do indicate that reasonable efforts to reduce dietary exposure will result a positive public health impact. This would be particularly the case in areas with elevated levels of dietary cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Emily Goodman
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Herman J Gibb
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C., USA; Gibb Epidemiology Consulting LLC, Arlington, VA, USA
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Razzuoli E, Mignone G, Lazzara F, Vencia W, Ferraris M, Masiello L, Vivaldi B, Ferrari A, Bozzetta E, Amadori M. Impact of cadmium exposure on swine enterocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018; 287:92-99. [PMID: 29421334 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested cadmium (Cd2+) effects on porcine IPEC-J2 cells, which represent an in vitro model of the interaction between intestinal cells and both infectious and non-infectious stressors. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of low (2 μM) to moderate (20 μM) concentrations of Cd2+, in terms of pro-inflammatory gene expression and protein release, as well as of infectivity in a Salmonella typhimurium penetration model. Our data showed a significant (P < .001) increase of intracellular Cd2+ after 3, 6 and 24 h of exposure with respect to levels at 1 h. These data showed the ability of IPEC-J2 to absorb Cd2+ as a function of both time and concentration. Also, the absorption of this heavy metal was related to a significant modulation of important pro-inflammatory messengers. In particular, down-regulation of IL-8 was associated with a significant decrease of Salmonella typhimurium ability to penetrate into IPEC-J2 cells, in agreement with a previous study in which an anti-IL 8 antibody could significantly inhibit Salmonella penetration into the same cells (Razzuoli et al., 2017). This finding demonstrates the ability of Cd2+ to affect the outcome of an important host-pathogen relationship. In conclusion, our study highlighted the ability of an environmental pollutant like Cd2+ to modulate innate immune responses in terms of chemokine release and gene expression, and susceptibility to microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy.
| | - G Mignone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - F Lazzara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - W Vencia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - M Ferraris
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - L Masiello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - B Vivaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - A Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, piazza BorgoPila 24-39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - M Amadori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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4
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Qu Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhu Y, Xiao X, Wang D, Zhu Y. Nobiletin prevents cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and modulating JNK/ERK1/2 and Akt/mTOR networks in rats. Neurol Res 2018; 40:211-220. [PMID: 29334873 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1424685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youyang Qu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingjun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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Grau-Perez M, Pichler G, Galan-Chilet I, Briongos-Figuero LS, Rentero-Garrido P, Lopez-Izquierdo R, Navas-Acien A, Weaver V, García-Barrera T, Gomez-Ariza JL, Martín-Escudero JC, Chaves FJ, Redon J, Tellez-Plaza M. Urine cadmium levels and albuminuria in a general population from Spain: A gene-environment interaction analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:27-36. [PMID: 28558300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of cadmium with genes involved in oxidative stress, cadmium metabolism and transport pathways on albuminuria can provide biological insight on the relationship between cadmium and albuminuria at low exposure levels. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that specific genotypes in candidate genes may confer increased susceptibility to cadmium exposure. METHODS Cadmium exposure was estimated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) in urine from 1397 men and women aged 18-85years participating in the Hortega Study, a representative sample of a general population from Spain. Urine albumin was measured by automated nephelometric immunochemistry. Abnormal albuminuria was defined as urine albumin greater than or equal to 30mg/g. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of abnormal albuminuria was 6.3%. The median level of urine cadmium was 0.39 (IQR, 0.23-0.65) μg/g creatinine. Multivariable-adjusted geometric mean ratios of albuminuria comparing the two highest to the lowest tertile of urine cadmium were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.43-1.84) and 2.94 (95% CI, 2.58-3.35), respectively. The corresponding odds ratios of abnormal albuminuria were 1.58 (0.83, 3.02) and 4.54 (2.58, 8.00). The association between urine cadmium and albuminuria was observed across all participant subgroups evaluated including participants without hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease. We observed Bonferroni-corrected statistically significant interactions between urine cadmium levels and polymorphisms in gene SLC30A7 and RAC1. CONCLUSIONS Increasing urine cadmium concentrations were cross-sectionally associated with increased albuminuria in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. Genetic variation in oxidative stress and cadmium metabolism and transport genes may confer differential susceptibility to potential cadmium effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gernot Pichler
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Galan-Chilet
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Lopez-Izquierdo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Virginia Weaver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - F Javier Chaves
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
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Wang YQ, Fan CC, Chen BP, Shi J. Resistin-Like Molecule Beta (RELM-β) Regulates Proliferation of Human Diabetic Nephropathy Mesangial Cells via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3897-3903. [PMID: 28801998 PMCID: PMC5565234 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin-like molecule beta (RELM-β) has been reported to be associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the role of RELM-β in DN is poorly understood. This study was conducted to delineate the underlying mechanisms of action and to investigate the role of RELM-β in the primitive development of DN via MAPK signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lentivirus-mediated vectors and RNAi technology were used to establish the model of RELM-β up-regulated and down-regulated expression in human mesangial cells (HMCs). The proliferation of HMCs was detected through CCK-8 method. The cell cycle and cell proliferation of HMCs was detected through flow cytometry. The MAPKs pathway protein activity was detected through Western blotting. RESULTS The HMCs with up-regulated and down-regulated expression of RELM-β increased or decreased significantly at 2-3 days. The HMCs with high glucose intervention reversed the proliferation inhibition. The HMCs with exogenous glucose or RELM-β protein intervention partially reversed the cell cycle inhibition. Among the MAPKs pathway, the phosphorylation activity of p38MAPK and JNK increased or decreased and ERK1/2 did not change in the overexpression or inhibition of RELM-β. The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB202190 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMCs caused by overexpression of RELM-β. Up-regulated expression of RELM-b induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK in HMCs and promoted HMCs proliferation and participated in early DN through the MAPKs pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that RELM-b is a potential molecular target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
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Paccosi S, Giachi M, Di Gennaro P, Guglielmotti A, Parenti A. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand protein synthesis inhibitor bindarit prevents cytoskeletal rearrangement and contraction of human mesangial cells. Cytokine 2016; 85:92-100. [PMID: 27309675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intraglomerular mesangial cells (MCs) maintain structural and functional integrity of renal glomerular microcirculation and homeostasis of mesangial matrix. Following different types of injury, MCs change their phenotype upregulating the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), changing contractile abilities and increasing the production of matrix proteins, chemokines and cytokines. CCL2 is a chemokine known to be involved in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. Its glomerular upregulation correlates with the extent of renal damage. Bindarit is an indazolic derivative endowed with anti-inflammatory activity when tested in experimental diseases. It selectively inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory C-C chemokines including CCL2, CCL7 and CCL8. This work aims to analyse bindarit effects on ET1-, AngII- and TGFβ-induced mesangial cell dysfunction. Bindarit significantly reduced AngII-, ET1- and TGFβ-induced α-SMA upregulation. In a collagen contraction assay, bindarit reduced AngII-, ET1- and TGFβ-induced HRMC contraction. Within 3-6h stimulation, vinculin organization and phosphorylation was significantly impaired by bindarit in AngII-, ET1- and TGFβ-stimulated cells without any effect on F-actin distribution. Conversely, p38 phosphorylation was not significantly inhibited by bindarit. Our data strengthen the importance of CCL2 on ET-1, AngII- and TGFβ-induced mesangial cell dysfunction, adding new insights into the cellular mechanisms responsible of bindarit protective effects in human MC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matelda Giachi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gennaro
- Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Regional Melanoma Referral Center, Tuscan Tumor Institute (ITT), Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Wang H, Yu Y, Li J, Wu H, Sun J, Zhang Z, Geng L, Yu X, Liu Z. Cadmium stimulates mouse skin fibroblast apoptosis by affecting intracellular homeostasis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:74-84. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1175007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Xu C, Wang X, Zhu Y, Dong X, Liu C, Zhang H, Liu L, Huang S, Chen L. Rapamycin ameliorates cadmium-induced activation of MAPK pathway and neuronal apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial ROS inactivation of PP2A. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:270-284. [PMID: 26805420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal that affects the central nervous system. Recently we have demonstrated that inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin rescues neuronal cells from Cd-poisoning. Here we show that rapamycin inhibited Cd-induced mitochondrial ROS-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Intriguingly, rapamycin remarkably blocked phosphorylation of JNK, Erk1/2 and p38 in neuronal cells induced by Cd, which was strengthened by co-treatment with Mito-TEMPO. Inhibition of JNK and Erk1/2 by SP600125 and U0126, respectively, potentiated rapamycin's prevention from Cd-induced apoptosis. Consistently, over-expression of dominant negative c-Jun or MKK1 also potently improved the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on Cd neurotoxicity. Furthermore, pretreatment with SP600125 or U0126, or expression of dominant negative c-Jun or MKK1 enhanced the inhibitory effects of rapamycin or Mito-TEMPO on Cd-induced ROS. Further investigation found that co-treatment with Mito-TEMPO/rapamycin more effectively rescued cells by preventing Cd inactivation of PP2A than treatment with rapamycin or Mito-TEMPO alone. Over-expression of wild-type PP2A reinforced rapamycin or Mito-TEMPO suppression of activated JNK and Erk1/2 pathways, as well as ROS production and apoptosis in neuronal cells in response to Cd. The findings indicate that rapamycin ameliorates Cd-evoked neuronal apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial ROS inactivation of PP2A, thereby suppressing activation of JNK and Erk1/2 pathways. Our results underline that rapamycin may have a potential in preventing Cd-induced oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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10
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Susceptibility Based Upon Chemical Interaction with Disease Processes: Potential Implications for Risk Assessment. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Cadmium induces vascular permeability via activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jiang C, Yuan Y, Hu F, Wang Q, Zhang K, Wang Y, Gu J, Liu X, Bian J, Liu Z. Cadmium induces PC12 cells apoptosis via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:249-58. [PMID: 24577723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and downstream events in cadmium (Cd)-induced neuronal apoptosis executed via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, this study used the PC-12 cell line as a neuronal model. The result showed that Cd significantly decreased cell viability and the Bcl-2 / Bax ratio and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, release of cytochrome c, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G. In addition, exposure to Cd-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. Inhibition of ERK and JNK, but not p38 MAPK, partially protected the cells from Cd-induced apoptosis. ERK and JNK inhibition also blocked alteration of the Bcl-2 / Bax ratio and cytochrome c release and suppressed caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and AIF and endonuclease G nuclear translocation. Taken together, these data suggest that the ERK- and JNK-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway played an important role in Cd-induced PC12 cells apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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13
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Tight junction proteins and oxidative stress in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:730789. [PMID: 23710457 PMCID: PMC3654622 DOI: 10.1155/2013/730789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney is a target organ for heavy metals. They accumulate in several segments of the nephron and cause profound alterations in morphology and function. Acute intoxication frequently causes acute renal failure. The effects of chronic exposure have not been fully disclosed. In recent years increasing awareness of the consequences of their presence in the kidney has evolved. In this review we focus on the alterations induced by heavy metals on the intercellular junctions of the kidney. We describe that in addition to the proximal tubule, which has been recognized as the main site of accumulation and injury, other segments of the nephron, such as glomeruli, vessels, and distal nephron, show also deleterious effects. We also emphasize the participation of oxidative stress as a relevant component of the renal damage induced by heavy metals and the beneficial effect that some antioxidant drugs, such as vitamin A (all-trans-retinoic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol), depict on the morphological and functional alterations induced by heavy metals.
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Guess AJ, Ayoob R, Chanley M, Manley J, Cajaiba MM, Agrawal S, Pengal R, Pyle AL, Becknell B, Kopp JB, Ronkina N, Gaestel M, Benndorf R, Smoyer WE. Crucial roles of the protein kinases MK2 and MK3 in a mouse model of glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54239. [PMID: 23372691 PMCID: PMC3553169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) signaling has been implicated in various experimental and human glomerulopathies, and its inhibition has proven beneficial in animal models of these diseases. p38 MAPK signaling is partially mediated through MK2 and MK3, two phylogenetically related protein kinases that are its direct substrates. The current study was designed to determine the specific roles of MK2 and MK3 in a mouse model of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, using mice with disrupted MK2 and/or MK3 genes. We found that the absence of MK3 alone worsened the disease course and increased mortality slightly compared to wild-type mice, whereas the absence of MK2 alone exhibited no significant effect. However, in an MK3-free background, the disease course depended on the presence of MK2 in a gene dosage-dependent manner, with double knock-out mice being most susceptible to disease induction. Histological and renal functional analyses confirmed kidney damage following disease induction. Because the renal stress response plays a crucial role in kidney physiology and disease, we analyzed the stress response pattern in this disease model. We found that renal cortices of diseased mice exhibited a pronounced and specific pattern of expression and/or phosphorylation of stress proteins and other indicators of the stress response (HSPB1, HSPB6, HSPB8, CHOP, eIF2α), partially in a MK2/MK3 genotype-specific manner, and without induction of a general stress response. Similarly, the expression and activation patterns of other protein kinases downstream of p38 MAPK (MNK1, MSK1) depended partially on the MK2/MK3 genotype in this disease model. In conclusion, MK2 and MK3 together play crucial roles in the regulation of the renal stress response and in the development of glomerulonephritis, which can potentially be exploited to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Guess
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rose Ayoob
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Melinda Chanley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua Manley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mariana M. Cajaiba
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ruma Pengal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Pyle
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia Ronkina
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Benndorf
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William E. Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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15
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Ginsberg GL. Cadmium risk assessment in relation to background risk of chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:374-90. [PMID: 22524593 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.670895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium's noncancer effects on the kidney represent a useful case study of the unified approach to toxicity assessment described in a recent National Academy of Science report. Cadmium (Cd) is recognized to exert toxic effects on the kidney at low dose without a demonstrable threshold. The implications of current dietary exposure and regulatory limits can be understood in terms of risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) since both Cd adverse effects and CKD are defined by the same continous parameter (loss in glomerular filtration rate [GFR]). The Cd dose response on GFR derived from a study of Swedish women was applied to the baseline population distribution of GFR to determine the effect of Cd on CKD risk. The baseline population of 47.8-yr-old women was estimated to carry a 10% rate of Stage 3 CKD, similar to national statistics in the United States. A chronic daily dose of Cd at 1 μg/kg/d produced a left shift in this distribution and increased the population risk of CKD by an estimated 25%. A 10-fold lower Cd dose was associated with an increase in population risk of 2.7%, and this rose to 3.4% in 75-yr-olds. These estimates (1) provide additional perspective to the traditional risk/no risk approaches used in setting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference doses (RfD) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) minimum risk levels (MRL) and (2) demonstrate the utility of considering chemical additivity to background disease in assessing human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Ginsberg
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA.
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16
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Kawano F, Fujita R, Nakai N, Terada M, Ohira T, Ohira Y. HSP25 can modulate myofibrillar desmin cytoskeleton following the phosphorylation at Ser15 in rat soleus muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:176-86. [PMID: 21998265 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00783.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the role(s) of 25-kDa heat shock protein (HSP25) in the regulation and integration of myofibrillar Z-disc structure during down- or upregulation of the size in rat soleus muscle fibers. Hindlimb unloading by tail suspension was performed in adult rats for 7 days, and reloading was allowed for 5 days after the termination of suspension. Interaction of HSP25 and Z-disc proteins, phosphorylation status, distribution, and complex formation of HSP25 were investigated. Non- and single-phosphorylated HSP25s were generally expressed in the cytoplasmic fraction of normal muscle. The level of total HSP25, as well as the phosphorylation ratio, did not change significantly in response to atrophy. Increased expressions of HSP25, phosphorylated at serine 15 (p-Ser15) and dual-phosphorylated form, were noted, when atrophied muscles were reloaded. Myofibrillar HSP25 was also noted in reloaded muscle. Histochemical analysis further indicated the localization of p-Ser15 in the regions with disorganization of Z-disc structure in reloaded muscle fibers. HSP25 formed a large molecular complex in the cytoplasmic fraction of normal muscle, whereas dissociation of free HSP25 with Ser15 phosphorylation was noted in reloaded muscle. The interaction of p-Ser15 with desmin and actinin was detected in Z-discs by proximity ligation assay. Strong interaction between p-Ser15 and desmin, but not actinin, was noted in the disorganized areas. These results indicated that HSP25 contributed to the desmin cytoskeletal organization following the phosphorylation at Ser15 during reloading and regrowing of soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Kawano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Pengal R, Guess AJ, Agrawal S, Manley J, Ransom RF, Mourey RJ, Benndorf R, Smoyer WE. Inhibition of the protein kinase MK-2 protects podocytes from nephrotic syndrome-related injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F509-19. [PMID: 21613416 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00661.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various glomerular diseases, including nephrotic syndrome (NS), its specific role in podocyte injury is not known. We hypothesized that MK-2, a downstream substrate of p38 MAPK, mediates the adverse effects of this pathway and that inhibition of MK-2 would protect podocytes from NS-related injury. Using cultured podocytes, we analyzed 1) the roles of MK-2 and p38 MAPK in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury; 2) the ability of specific MK-2 and p38 MAPK inhibitors to protect podocytes against injury; 3) the role of serum albumin, known to induce podocyte injury, in activating p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling; and 4) the role of p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling in the expression of Cox-2, an enzyme associated with podocyte injury. Treatment with protein kinase inhibitors specific for both MK-2 (C23, a pyrrolopyridine-type compound) or p38 MAPK (SB203580) reduced PAN-induced podocyte injury and actin cytoskeletal disruption. Both inhibitors reduced baseline podocyte p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling, as measured by the degree of phosphorylation of HSPB1, a downstream substrate of MK-2, but exhibited disparate effects on upstream signaling. Serum albumin activated p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling and induced Cox-2 expression, and these responses were blocked by both inhibitors. Given the critical importance of podocyte injury to both NS and other progressive glomerular diseases, these data suggest an important role for p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling in podocyte injury and identify MK-2 inhibition as a promising potential therapeutic strategy to protect podocytes in various glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Pengal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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18
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Zhang C, Yuan X, Mao W, Yue L, Kong X, Gao Y, Luo L, Yin Z. Inhibition of cadmium-induced apoptosis by glutathione S-transferase P1 via mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitochondrial pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:202-208. [PMID: 21787653 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a well-known toxic metal for the kidney. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) plays an important role in the detoxification and xenobiotics metabolism. Here, we investigated whether GSTP1 affected Cd(2+)-induced apoptotic cell death in human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK) 293 cells. We showed that in HEK293 cells, silencing of GSTP1 expression through RNA interference reinforced the loss in cell viability induced by Cd(2+). Overexpression of GSTP1 inhibited loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, prevented cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-3 activation, inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK, JNK and p38, and suppressed apoptosis induced by Cd(2+). The oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation assay also demonstrated that overexpression of GSTP1 by adenovirus infection prevented Cd(2+)-induced apoptosis in primary renal tubule cells. Our data suggest that GSTP1 was an endogenous inhibitor of Cd(2+)-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
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19
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Guess A, Agrawal S, Wei CC, Ransom RF, Benndorf R, Smoyer WE. Dose- and time-dependent glucocorticoid receptor signaling in podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F845-53. [PMID: 20630936 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00161.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are the primary therapy for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Recent evidence has identified glomerular podocytes as a potential site of GC action in this disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of key components of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complex and the functionality of this signaling pathway in podocytes and to explore potential opportunities for manipulation of GC responsiveness. Here, we show that cultured murine podocytes express key components of the GR complex, including the GR, heat shock protein 90, and the immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52. The functionality of GR-mediated signaling was verified by measuring several GC (dexamethasone)-induced responses, including 1) increases in mRNA and protein levels of selected GC-regulated genes (FKBP51, phenol sulfotransferase 1, αB-crystallin); 2) downregulation of the GR protein; 3) increased phosphorylation of the GR; and 4) translocation of the GR into the nuclear fraction. Dexamethasone-induced phosphorylation and downregulation of GR protein were also demonstrated in isolated rat glomeruli. Podocyte gene expression in response to dexamethasone was regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, the latter also including protein degradation. Short-term, high-dose GC treatment resulted in similar changes in gene expression and GR phosphorylation to that of long-term, low-dose GC treatment, thus providing a molecular rationale for the known efficacy of pulse GC therapy in NS. Induction of FKBP51 and downregulation of the GR represent negative feedback mechanisms that can potentially be exploited to improve clinical GC efficacy. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the presence of key molecular components of the GR signaling pathway and its functionality in podocytes and identify novel opportunities for improving clinical GC efficacy in the treatment of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Guess
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr., Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Jia L, Liu ZC, Zhang H, Zhang PJ, Wan Q, Wang R. Emodin ameliorates high-glucose induced mesangial p38 over-activation and hypocontractility via activation of PPARgamma. Exp Mol Med 2010; 41:648-55. [PMID: 19478555 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.9.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early stage diabetic nephropathy is characterized by elevated glomerular filtration. Recent studies have identified high-glucose induced p38 MAPK (p38) over-activation in mesangial cells. Mesangial hypocontractility is the major underlying mechanism, however, no ameliorating agents are currently available. We investigated the protective effects of emodin on high-glucose induced mesangial cell hypocontractility. Mesangial cells were cultured under normal (5.6 mM) and high glucose (30 mM) conditions. Emodin was administrated at doses of 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l. Angiotension II stimulated cell surface reductions were measured to evaluate cell contractility. p38 activity was detected using Western blotting. To further explore the possible mechanism of emodin, expression of the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptorgamma (PPARgamma) was measured and its specific inhibitor, gw9662, was administrated. Our results showed: (1) high-glucose resulted in a 280% increase in p38 activity associated with significant impairment of mesangial contractility; (2) emodin treatment dose-dependently inhibited high-glucose induced p38 over-activation (a 40% decrease for 50 mg/l emodin and a 73% decrease for 100 mg/l emodin), and mesangial hypocontractility was ameriolated by emodin; (3) both the PPARgamma mRNA and protein levels were elevated after emodin treatment; (4) inhibition of PPARgamma using gw9662 effectively blocked the ameliorating effects of emodin on high-glucose induced p38 over-activation and mesangial hypocontractility. Emodin effectively ameliorated p38 over-activation and hypocontractility in high-glucose induced mesangial cells, possibly via activation of PPARgamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong 250021, China
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21
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Escobar MDC, Souza V, Bucio L, Hernández E, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez Ruiz MC. MAPK activation is involved in cadmium-induced Hsp70 expression in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 19:503-9. [PMID: 19817660 DOI: 10.3109/15376510903325670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most toxic elements to which man can be exposed at work or in the environment. By far, the most salient toxicological property of Cd is its exceptionally long half-life in the human body. Once absorbed, Cd accumulates in the human body, particularly in the liver and other vital organs. The cellular actions of Cd are extensively documented, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions are still not resolved. It is known that Cd activates the activator protein-1 (AP-1), but no data about the pathway involved are reported for liver. The objective was to provide a greater insight into the effect of cadmium on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK's) involved in signal transduction, its relationship with AP-1 activation, and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression, in HepG2 cells. AP-1 activation as a result of 5 microM CdCl(2) exposure was increased 24.5-fold over control cells after 4 h treatment. To investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK's), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK's) and p38 kinases in cadmium-induced AP-1 activation, specific MAPKs inhibitors were used. AP-1 activation decreased by 74% with ERK inhibition, by 83% with p38 inhibition, while inhibition of JNK decreased by 70%. Only ERK and JNK participated in Hsp70 production, conferring cell protection against cadmium damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma del Carmen Escobar
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, México D.F., México
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22
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Kim D, Kim J, Kang SS, Jin EJ. Transforming growth factor-β3-induced Smad signaling regulates actin reorganization during chondrogenesis of chick leg bud mesenchymal cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:622-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Souza V, Escobar MDC, Bucio L, Hernández E, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Gutiérrez Ruiz MC. NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2 are involved in cadmium induced-STAT3 activation in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Wang SH, Shih YL, Lee CC, Chen WL, Lin CJ, Lin YS, Wu KH, Shih CM. The role of endoplasmic reticulum in cadmium-induced mesangial cell apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:45-51. [PMID: 19442655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cd is an industrial and environmental pollutant that affects many organs in humans and other mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity are unclear. In this study, we show that endoplasmic reticula (ER) played a pivotal role in Cd-induced apoptosis in mesangial cells. Using Fluo-3 AM, the intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) was detected as being elevated as time elapsed after Cd treatment. Co-treatment with BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator, was able to significantly suppress Cd-induced apoptosis. Calcineurin is a cytosolic phosphatase, which was able to dephosphorylate the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) calcium channel to prevent the release of calcium from ER. Cyclosporine A, a calcineurin inhibitor, increased both [Ca(2+)](i) and the percentage of Cd-induced apoptosis. However, EGTA and the IP(3)R inhibitor, 2-APB, were able to partially modulate Cd cytotoxicity. These results led us to suggest that the extracellular and ER-released calcium plays a crucial role in Cd-induced apoptosis in mesangial cells. Following this line, we further detected the ER stress after Cd treatment since ER is one of the major calcium storage organelles. After Cd exposure, GADD153, a hallmark of ER stress, was upregulated (at 4h of exposure), followed by activation of ER-specific caspase-12 and its downstream molecule caspase-3 (at 16h of exposure). The pan caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD, and BAPTA-AM were able to reverse the Cd-induced cell death and ER stress, respectively. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) was depolarized significantly and cytochrome c was released after 24h of exposure to Cd and followed by mild activation of caspase-9 at the 36-h time point, indicating that mitochondria stress is a late event. Therefore, we concluded that ER is the major killer organelle in Cd-induced mesangial cell apoptosis and that calcium oscillation plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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MAPK mediates Hsp25 signaling in incisor development. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 131:593-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Wang SH, Shih YL, Kuo TC, Ko WC, Shih CM. Cadmium Toxicity toward Autophagy through ROS-Activated GSK-3β in Mesangial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:124-31. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Dokladny K, Wharton W, Ma TY, Moseley PL. Lack of cross-tolerance following heat and cadmium exposure in functional MDCK monolayers. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:885-94. [PMID: 18418844 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial (MDCK) cells to a mild heat stimulus induces a state of physiological thermotolerance in which epithelial barrier function is maintained following a second more severe heat stress. We have previously shown that expression of exogenous HSP70 fully mimics the effects of the conditioning heat stress. Exposure of MDCK cells to elevated temperatures or medium containing CdCl2 caused a robust increase in cellular levels of HSP70. Pretreatment of MDCK monolayers with cadmium but not heat caused a small protection of epithelial barrier function against a second challenge with cadmium. In addition, a prior exposure of monolayers to cadmium at levels sufficient to induce HSP70 expression and increased cellular chaperone activity did not afford protection against a subsequent thermal challenge. Therefore multiple stress-specific cellular pathways impinge on the ability of heat shock proteins to induce physiological thermotolerance. Occludin, a component of tight junctions, is induced in MDCK cells engineered to express high levels of exogenous HSP70, potentially accounting for an elevation in baseline resistance. However neither basal levels of occludin, nor alterations in occludin expression, were correlated with epithelial barrier function in MDCK cells either exposed to elevated temperatures or challenged with cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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28
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Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Myung NY, Kim MC, Lee JH, So HS, Park RK, Kim HM, Um JY, Hong SH. The protective mechanism of antioxidants in cadmium-induced ototoxicity in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:854-62. [PMID: 18629305 PMCID: PMC2453151 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several heavy metals have been shown to have toxic effects on the peripheral and central auditory system. Cadmium (Cd2+) is an environmental contaminant showing a variety of adverse effects. Given the current rate of release into the environment, the amount of Cd2+ present in the human body and the incidence of Cd2+-related diseases are expected to increase. OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this study was to gain further insights into the mechanism of Cd2+-induced ototoxicity. METHODS Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytochrome c (cyt c), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), caspases, morphologic change, and functional changes in HEI-OC1 cells, rat cochlear explants, and mouse cochlea after Cd2+ exposure were measured by flow cytometry, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) recording. Mechanisms underlying Cd2+ototoxicity were studied using inhibitors of different signaling pathways, caspases, and antioxidants. RESULTS Cd2+ exposure caused cell death, ROS generation, MMP loss, cyt c release, activation of caspases, ERK activation, apoptosis, and finally auditory threshold shift. Cd2+ toxicity interfered with inhibitors of cellular signaling pathways, such as ERK and c-jun N-terminal kinase, and with caspase inhibitors, especially inhibitors of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ebselen showed a significant protective effect on the Cd2+ toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Cd2+ is ototoxic with a complex underlying mechanism. However, ROS generation may be the cause of the toxicity, and application of antioxidants can prevent the toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh-Yil Myung
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-chol Kim
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Lee
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-seob So
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Kil Park
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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29
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Neurotoxicity of cadmium on immature hippocampus and a neuroprotective role for p38MAPK. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:727-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun X, Fontaine JM, Bartl I, Behnam B, Welsh MJ, Benndorf R. Induction of Hsp22 (HspB8) by estrogen and the metalloestrogen cadmium in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 12:307-19. [PMID: 18229450 DOI: 10.1379/csc-276.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) plays a critical role in the etiology and progression of human breast cancer. The estrogenic response is complex and not completely understood, including in terms of the involved responsive genes. Here we show that Hsp22 (synonyms: HspB8, E2lG1, H11), a member of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) superfamily, was induced by E2 in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, resulting in an elevated Hsp22 protein level, whereas it was not induced in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. This induction was prevented by the pure anti-estrogen ICI182780 (faslodex, fulvestrant), whereas tamoxifen, a substance with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, had no major inhibitory effect on this induction, nor did it induce Hsp22 on its own. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with estrogenic properties (metalloestrogen) that has been implicated in breast cancer. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with Cd also resulted in induction of Hsp22, and this induction was also inhibited by ICI182780. In live MCF-7 cells, Hsp22 interacted at the level of dimers with Hsp27, a related sHSP, as was shown by quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. In cytosolic extracts of MCF-7 cells, most of the E2- and Cd-induced Hsp22 was incorporated into high-molecular mass complexes. In part, Hsp22 and Hsp27 were components of distinct populations of these complexes. Finally, candidate elements in the Hsp22 promoter were identified by sequence analysis that could account for the induction of Hsp22 by E2 and Cd. Taken together, Hsp22 induction represents a new aspect of the estrogenic response with potential significance for the biology of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Sun
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 3065 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR. Cell adhesion molecules in chemically-induced renal injury. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 114:74-93. [PMID: 17316817 PMCID: PMC1913814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules are integral cell-membrane proteins that maintain cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion and in some cases act as regulators of intracellular signaling cascades. In the kidney, cell adhesion molecules, such as the cadherins, the catenins, the zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1), occludin and the claudins are essential for maintaining the epithelial polarity and barrier integrity that are necessary for the normal absorption/excretion of fluid and solutes. A growing volume of evidence indicates that these cell adhesion molecules are important early targets for a variety of nephrotoxic substances including metals, drugs, and venom components. In addition, it is now widely appreciated that molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), integrins, and selectins play important roles in the recruitment of leukocytes and inflammatory responses that are associated with nephrotoxic injury. This review summarizes the results of recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicating that these cell adhesion molecules may be primary molecular targets in many types of chemically-induced renal injury. Some of the specific agents that are discussed include cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), bismuth (Bi), cisplatin, aminoglycoside antibiotics, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC), and various venom toxins. This review also includes a discussion of the various mechanisms, by which these substances can affect cell adhesion molecules in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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L'Azou B, Dubus I, Ohayon-Courtès C, Cambar J. Human glomerular mesangial IP15 cell line as a suitable model for in vitro cadmium cytotoxicity studies. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 23:267-78. [PMID: 17180447 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium represents a major environmental pollutant that may induce severe damage, especially in the kidney where cadmium accumulates. While cadmium is known to severely impair renal tubular functions, glomerular structures are also potential targets. Owing to their contractile properties, glomerular mesangial cells play a major role in the control of glomerular hemodynamics and influence the ultrafiltration coefficient. Cell cultures provide alternative and fruitful models for study of in vitro toxicology. However, the use of primary human mesangial cell cultures is hampered by their limited survival span and their rapid dedifferentiation during passages. This study presents a human stable immortalized mesangial cell line, designated IP15. Cell characteristics were investigated by the detection of known mesangial markers, as well as their ability to contract in response to angiotensin II. IP15 cells were used to investigate cadmium uptake and morphological changes such as cell contraction and cytoskeleton protein expression. The IC(50) cytotoxicity index was obtained with 3.55 micromol/L using neutral red assay for 24 h. After cadmium exposure (1 micromol/L, determined as nonlethal concentration), 0.38 microg Cd/mg protein was internalized by the cells as evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES). Cadmium induced a significant cell surface reduction that correlated with smooth-muscle alpha-actin disorganization. Thus, the IP15 cell line is a suitable model for study of in vitro cadmium cytotoxicity in mesangial cells and allows sufficient material to be obtained for future studies of the intracellular effects of cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L'Azou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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The vascular endothelium as a target of cadmium toxicity. Life Sci 2006; 79:1493-506. [PMID: 16765992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important industrial and environmental pollutant that can produce a wide variety of adverse effects in humans and animals. A growing volume of evidence indicates that the vascular endothelium may be one of the primary targets of Cd toxicity in vivo. Studies over the past 20 years have shown that Cd, at relatively low, sublethal concentrations, can target vascular endothelial cells at a variety of molecular levels, including cell adhesion molecules, metal ion transporters and protein kinase signaling pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of these recent studies and to discuss the implications of these findings with regard to the mechanisms of Cd toxicity in specific organs including the lung, liver, kidney, testis and heart. In addition the possible roles of the vascular endothelium in mediating the tumor promoting and anticarcinogenic effects of Cd are discussed.
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Sun X, Welsh MJ, Benndorf R. Conformational changes resulting from pseudophosphorylation of mammalian small heat shock proteins--a two-hybrid study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2006; 11:61-70. [PMID: 16572730 PMCID: PMC1402361 DOI: 10.1379/csc-149r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome codes for 10 so-called mammalian small heat shock or stress proteins (sHsp) with the various tissues expressing characteristic sets of sHsps. Most sHsps interact with each other and form homo- and heterooligomeric complexes. Some of the sHsps are phosphoproteins in vivo, and phosphorylation has been implicated in the regulation of complex size and composition. In this study, we analyze, by the 2-hybrid method, the reporter gene activation pattern of several sHsp pairs that previously have been demonstrated to interact. We show that pseudophosphorylation (mimicry of phosphorylation) of the homologous phosphorylation sites Ser15 and Ser16 in Hsp27 and Hsp20, respectively, modulates characteristics of these sHsps that can be detected by their ability to activate reporter genes in suitable 2-hybrid assays. Pseudophosphorylation of the separated N-terminus of Hsp27 alone is not sufficient for the activation of the reporter genes, whereas the separated C-terminus is sufficient. We conclude that pseudophosphorylation of Hsp27 and Hsp20 at their N-termini results in conformational changes that can be detected by their interaction with other sHsps. Pseudophosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin at Ser19, in contrast, had no detectable consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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