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Smith T, Zaidi A, Brown CVM, Pino-Chavez G, Bowen T, Meran S, Fraser D, Chavez R, Khalid U. Robust Rat and Mouse Models of Bilateral Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. In Vivo 2024; 38:1049-1057. [PMID: 38688639 PMCID: PMC11059907 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Acute and chronic kidney diseases are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with no specific treatments currently available for these. To enable understanding the pathophysiology of and testing novel treatments for acute and chronic kidney disease, a suitable in vivo model of kidney disease is essential. In this article, we describe two reliable rodent models (rats and mice) of efficacious kidney injury displaying acute to chronic kidney injury progression, which is also reversible through novel therapeutic strategies such as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized adult male Lewis rats and adult male wildtype (C57BL/6) mice, performed a midline laparotomy, and induced warm ischemia to both kidneys by bilateral clamping of both renal vascular pedicles for a set time, to mimic the hypoxic etiology of disease commonly found in kidney injury. RESULTS Bilateral ischemia reperfusion injury caused marked structural and functional kidney injury as exemplified by histology damage scores, serum creatinine levels, and kidney injury biomarker levels in both rodents. Furthermore, this effect displayed a dose-dependent response in the mouse model. CONCLUSION These rodent models of bilateral kidney IRI are reliable, reproducible, and enable detailed mechanistic study of the underlying pathophysiology of both acute and chronic kidney disease. They have been carefully optimised for single operator use with a strong track record of training both surgically trained and surgically naïve operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Smith
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.;
- Department of Anesthetics, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Aeliya Zaidi
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Cardiff Transplant Unit, Nephrology & Transplant Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Charlotte Victoria Maynard Brown
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Cardiff Transplant Unit, Nephrology & Transplant Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Gilda Pino-Chavez
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Timothy Bowen
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Soma Meran
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Donald Fraser
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Rafael Chavez
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
- Cardiff Transplant Unit, Nephrology & Transplant Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Usman Khalid
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.;
- Cardiff Transplant Unit, Nephrology & Transplant Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, U.K
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2
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Faguer S, Piedrafita A, Sanz AB, Siwy J, Mina IK, Alves M, Bousquet P, Marcheix B, Casemayou A, Klein J, Minville V, Breuil B, Ortiz A, Schanstra JP. Performances of acute kidney injury biomarkers vary according to sex. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae091. [PMID: 38699482 PMCID: PMC11062024 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Before implementing individualized strategies to treat acute kidney injury (AKI), identifying clusters of patients with divergent pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis criteria or outcomes is of the utmost importance. Here we studied sex-related molecular mechanisms in cardiac bypass (CBP) surgery patients developing AKI. Methods We compared the characteristics of 1170 patients referred for CBP surgery using multivariate logistic regression and propensity score-based analysis. Performances of the candidate urinary biomarkers at <4 h post-surgery, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), [IGFBP7]·[TIMP-2] product (NephroCheck) and a recently developed AKI signature of 204 urinary peptides (AKI204) to predict AKI were compared in both sexes. Results Incidence (∼25%) and severity of AKI were similar in men and women, even after adjustment for the usual risk factors of AKI, including baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, diabetes mellitus, length of CBP and red blood cell transfusion. However, at the molecular level, performances of uNGAL, NephroCheck and AKI204 to predict AKI strongly diverged between men and women. In the full cohort, as well as in subgroups of men and women, the multimarker AKI204 signature outperformed uNGAL and NephroCheck and predicted the development of AKI significantly better in women than in men. Analysis of AKI204 at the single-peptide level suggested divergences of AKI mechanisms between sexes due to increased kidney inflammation in women (increased abundance of urinary fragments of osteopontin and uromodulin). Conclusions In patients referred for CBP surgery, significant clinical and biological differences between men and women as well as sexual dimorphism of AKI biomarker performances were identified. The urinary peptide signature points to sex-related molecular mechanisms underlying AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Faguer
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, French Intensive Care Renal Network, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Piedrafita
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, French Intensive Care Renal Network, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, FRIAT and RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ioanna K Mina
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Melinda Alves
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Bousquet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Marcheix
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Casemayou
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, French Intensive Care Renal Network, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Klein
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Minville
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Breuil
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, FRIAT and RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, UMR 1297 (Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases), Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Health, University Paul Sabatier – Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
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3
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Fu Y, Xiang Y, Wei Q, Ilatovskaya D, Dong Z. Rodent models of AKI and AKI-CKD transition: an update in 2024. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F563-F583. [PMID: 38299215 PMCID: PMC11208034 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00402.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite known drawbacks, rodent models are essential tools in the research of renal development, physiology, and pathogenesis. In the past decade, rodent models have been developed and used to mimic different etiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition or progression, and AKI with comorbidities. These models have been applied for both mechanistic research and preclinical drug development. However, current rodent models have their limitations, especially since they often do not fully recapitulate the pathophysiology of AKI in human patients, and thus need further refinement. Here, we discuss the present status of these rodent models, including the pathophysiologic compatibility, clinical translational significance, key factors affecting model consistency, and their main limitations. Future efforts should focus on establishing robust models that simulate the major clinical and molecular phenotypes of human AKI and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Daria Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Research Department, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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Yang M, Lopez LN, Brewer M, Delgado R, Menshikh A, Clouthier K, Zhu Y, Vanichapol T, Yang H, Harris RC, Gewin L, Brooks CR, Davidson AJ, de Caestecker M. Inhibition of retinoic acid signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells protects against acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173144. [PMID: 37698919 PMCID: PMC10619506 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is essential for mammalian kidney development but, in the adult kidney, is restricted to occasional collecting duct epithelial cells. We now show that there is widespread reactivation of RAR signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and in mouse models of AKI. Genetic inhibition of RAR signaling in PTECs protected against experimental AKI but was unexpectedly associated with increased expression of the PTEC injury marker Kim1. However, the protective effects of inhibiting PTEC RAR signaling were associated with increased Kim1-dependent apoptotic cell clearance, or efferocytosis, and this was associated with dedifferentiation, proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming of PTECs. These data demonstrate the functional role that reactivation of RAR signaling plays in regulating PTEC differentiation and function in human and experimental AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren N. Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maya Brewer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Menshikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelly Clouthier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yuantee Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thitinee Vanichapol
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine and the St. Louis Veterans Affairs Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alan J. Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Vazquez G, Sfakianos M, Coppa G, Jacob A, Wang P. NOVEL PS-OME MIRNA130B-3P REDUCES INFLAMMATION AND INJURY AND IMPROVES SURVIVAL AFTER RENAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY. Shock 2023; 60:613-620. [PMID: 37594792 PMCID: PMC10592167 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction : Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent medical disorder characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often because of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) events. It is associated with significant chronic complications, and currently available therapies are limited to supportive measures. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) has been identified as a mediator that potentiates inflammation after I/R injury. However, it has been discovered that miRNA 130b-3p acts as an endogenous inhibitor of eCIRP. To address the inherent instability of miRNA in vivo , a chemically modified miRNA mimic called PS-OME miR130 was developed. We hypothesize that administration of PS-OME miR130 after renal I/R can lead to reduced inflammation and injury in a murine model of AKI. Methods : C57BL/6 male mice underwent renal I/R by clamping of bilateral renal hilum for 30 min or sham operation. Immediately after closure, mice were intravenously administered vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) or PS-OME miR130 at a dose of 12.5 nmol/mouse. Blood and kidneys were collected after 24 h for further analysis. Separately, mice underwent renal I/R and administered vehicle or treatment and, survival was monitored for 10 days. Results : After renal I/R, mice receiving vehicle showed a significant increase in serum markers of kidney injury and inflammation including blood urea nitrogen, NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-6. After treatment with PS-OME miR130, these markers were significantly decreased. Kidney tissue mRNA expression for injury and inflammation markers including NGAL, KIM-1, KC, and MIP-2 were increased after renal I/R; however, these markers showed a significant reduction with PS-OME miR130 treatment. Histologically, treatment with PS-OME miR130 showed a significant decrease in neutrophil infiltration and injury severity score, and decreased apoptosis. In the 10-day survival study, mice in the treatment group showed a significant reduction in mortality as compared with vehicle group. Conclusion : In a murine renal I/R model, the administration of PS-OME miR130, a direct eCIRP antagonistic miRNA mimic, resulted in the reduction of kidney inflammation and injury, and improved survival. PS-OME miR130 holds promise to be developed as novel therapeutic for AKI as an adjunct to the standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Vazquez
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Maria Sfakianos
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Gene Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Asha Jacob
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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6
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Yang M, Lopez LN, Brewer M, Delgado R, Menshikh A, Clouthier K, Zhu Y, Vanichapol T, Yang H, Harris R, Gewin L, Brooks C, Davidson A, de Caestecker MP. Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Proximal Tubular Epithelial cells Protects against Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Kim-1-dependent Efferocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545113. [PMID: 37398101 PMCID: PMC10312711 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is essential for mammalian kidney development, but in the adult kidney is restricted to occasional collecting duct epithelial cells. We now show there is widespread reactivation of RAR signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), and in mouse models of AKI. Genetic inhibition of RAR signaling in PTECs protects against experimental AKI but is associated with increased expression of the PTEC injury marker, Kim-1. However, Kim-1 is also expressed by de-differentiated, proliferating PTECs, and protects against injury by increasing apoptotic cell clearance, or efferocytosis. We show that the protective effect of inhibiting PTEC RAR signaling is mediated by increased Kim-1 dependent efferocytosis, and that this is associated with de-differentiation, proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming of PTECs. These data demonstrate a novel functional role that reactivation of RAR signaling plays in regulating PTEC differentiation and function in human and experimental AKI. Graphical abstract
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7
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Hernandez A, Patil NK, Brewer M, Delgado R, Himmel L, Lopez LN, Bohannon JK, Owen AM, Sherwood ER, de Caestecker MP. Pretreatment with a novel Toll-like receptor 4 agonist attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F472-F482. [PMID: 36995924 PMCID: PMC10151043 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00248.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in surgical and critically ill patients. This study examined whether pretreatment with a novel Toll-like receptor 4 agonist attenuated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI (IRI-AKI). We performed a blinded, randomized-controlled study in mice pretreated with 3-deacyl 6-acyl phosphorylated hexaacyl disaccharide (PHAD), a synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Two cohorts of male BALB/c mice received intravenous vehicle or PHAD (2, 20, or 200 µg) at 48 and 24 h before unilateral renal pedicle clamping and simultaneous contralateral nephrectomy. A separate cohort of mice received intravenous vehicle or 200 µg PHAD followed by bilateral IRI-AKI. Mice were monitored for evidence of kidney injury for 3 days postreperfusion. Kidney function was assessed by serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine measurements. Kidney tubular injury was assessed by semiquantitative analysis of tubular morphology on periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained kidney sections and by kidney mRNA quantification of injury [neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1)] and inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α)] using quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify proximal tubular cell injury and renal macrophages by quantifying the areas stained with Kim-1 and F4/80 antibodies, respectively, and TUNEL staining to detect the apoptotic nuclei. PHAD pretreatment yielded dose-dependent kidney function preservation after unilateral IRI-AKI. Histological injury, apoptosis, Kim-1 staining, and Ngal mRNA were lower in PHAD-treated mice and IL-1β mRNA was higher in PHAD-treated mice. Similar pretreatment protection was noted with 200 mg PHAD after bilateral IRI-AKI, with significantly reduced Kim-1 immunostaining in the outer medulla of mice treated with PHAD after bilateral IRI-AKI. In conclusion, PHAD pretreatment leads to dose-dependent protection from renal injury after unilateral and bilateral IRI-AKI in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pretreatment with 3-deacyl 6-acyl phosphorylated hexaacyl disaccharide; a novel synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, preserves kidney function during ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Maya Brewer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel Delgado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lauren Himmel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lauren N Lopez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Allison M Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edward R Sherwood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mark P de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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8
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Wang F, Otsuka T, Adelnia F, Takahashi K, Delgado R, Harkins KD, Zu Z, de Caestecker MP, Harris RC, Gore JC, Takahashi T. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of long-term renal atrophy and fibrosis after ischemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury in mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4786. [PMID: 35704387 PMCID: PMC10805124 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tubular atrophy and fibrosis are pathological changes that determine the prognosis of kidney disease induced by acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to evaluate multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, including pool size ratio (PSR) from quantitative magnetization transfer, relaxation rates, and measures from spin-lock imaging ( R 1 ρ and S ρ ), for assessing the pathological changes associated with AKI-induced kidney disease. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice first underwent unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) induced by reperfusion after 45 min of ischemia. They were imaged using a 7T MRI system 56 days after the injury. Paraffin tissue sections were stained using Masson trichrome and picrosirius red to identify histopathological changes such as tubular atrophy and fibrosis. Histology detected extensive tubular atrophy and moderate fibrosis in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla (CR + OSOM) and more prominent fibrosis in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) of IRI kidneys. In the CR + OSOM region, evident decreases in PSR, R 1 , R 2 , R 1 ρ , and S ρ showed in IRI compared with contralateral kidneys, with PSR and S ρ exhibiting the most significant changes. In addition, the exchange parameter S ρ dropped by the largest degree among all the MRI parameters, whileR 2 * increased significantly. In the ISOM of IRI kidneys, PSR increased while S ρ kept decreasing. R 2 , R 1 ρ , andR 2 * all increased due to more severe fibrosis in this region. Among MRI measures, PSR and R 1 ρ showed the highest detectability of renal changes no matter whether tubular atrophy or fibrosis dominated.R 2 * and S ρ could be more specific to a single pathological event than other MRI measures because onlyR 2 * increased and S ρ decreased consistently when either fibrosis or tubular atrophy dominated, and their correlations with fibrosis scores were higher than other MRI measures. Multiparametric MRI may enable a more comprehensive analysis of histopathological changes following AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Tadashi Otsuka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Fatemeh Adelnia
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rachel Delgado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kevin D. Harkins
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mark P. de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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9
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Long K, Vaughn Z, McDaniels MD, Joyasawal S, Przepiorski A, Parasky E, Sander V, Close D, Johnston PA, Davidson AJ, de Caestecker M, Hukriede NA, Huryn DM. Validation of HDAC8 Inhibitors as Drug Discovery Starting Points to Treat Acute Kidney Injury. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:207-215. [PMID: 35434532 PMCID: PMC9003639 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a sudden loss of kidney function, is a common and serious condition for which there are no approved specific therapies. While there are multiple approaches to treat the underlying causes of AKI, no targets have been clinically validated. Here, we assessed a series of potent, selective competitive inhibitors of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a promising therapeutic target in an AKI setting. Using biochemical assays, zebrafish AKI phenotypic assays, and human kidney organoid assays, we show that selective HDAC8 inhibitors can lead to efficacy in increasingly stringent models. One of these, PCI-34051, was efficacious in a rodent model of AKI, further supporting the potential for HDAC8 inhibitors and, in particular, this scaffold as a therapeutic approach to AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zoe Vaughn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Michael David McDaniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sipak Joyasawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Emily Parasky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Veronika Sander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - David Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Donna M Huryn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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10
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Harwood R, Bridge J, Ressel L, Scarfe L, Sharkey J, Czanner G, Kalra PA, Odudu A, Kenny S, Wilm B, Murray P. Murine models of renal ischemia reperfusion injury: An opportunity for refinement using noninvasive monitoring methods. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15211. [PMID: 35266337 PMCID: PMC8907719 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (R-IRI) can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. To understand the underlying mechanisms, reproducible small-animal models of AKI and CKD are needed. We describe how innovative technologies for measuring kidney function noninvasively in small rodents allow successful refinement of the R-IRI models, and offer the unique opportunity to monitor longitudinally in individual animals the transition from AKI to CKD. METHODS Male BALB/c mice underwent bilateral renal pedicle clamping (AKI) or unilateral renal pedicle clamping with delayed contralateral nephrectomy (CKD) under isoflurane anesthetic. Transdermal GFR monitoring and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) in combination with statistical analysis were used to identify and standardize variables within these models. RESULTS Pre-clamping anesthetic time was one of the most important predictors of AKI severity after R-IRI. Standardizing pre-clamping time resulted in a more predictably severe AKI model. In the CKD model, MSOT demonstrated initial improvement in renal function, followed by significant progressive reduction in function between weeks 2 and 4. Performing contralateral nephrectomy on day 14 enabled the development of CKD with minimal mortality. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive monitoring of global and individual renal function after R-IRI is feasible and reproducible. These techniques can facilitate refinement of kidney injury models and enable the degree of injury seen in preclinical models to be translated to those seen in the clinical setting. Thus, future therapies can be tested in a clinically relevant, noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Harwood
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Joshua Bridge
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of Eye and Vision ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Gabriela Czanner
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
| | - Aghogho Odudu
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Simon Kenny
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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11
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Experimental models of acute kidney injury for translational research. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:277-293. [PMID: 35173348 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of human disease provide powerful tools for therapeutic discovery but have limitations. This problem is especially apparent in the field of acute kidney injury (AKI), in which clinical trial failures have been attributed to inaccurate modelling performed largely in rodents. Multidisciplinary efforts such as the Kidney Precision Medicine Project are now starting to identify molecular subtypes of human AKI. In addition, over the past decade, there have been developments in human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids as well as zebrafish, rodent and large animal models of AKI. These organoid and AKI models are being deployed at different stages of preclinical therapeutic development. However, the traditionally siloed, preclinical investigator-driven approaches that have been used to evaluate AKI therapeutics to date rarely account for the limitations of the model systems used and have given rise to false expectations of clinical efficacy in patients with different AKI pathophysiologies. To address this problem, there is a need to develop more flexible and integrated approaches, involving teams of investigators with expertise in a range of different model systems, working closely with clinical investigators, to develop robust preclinical evidence to support more focused interventions in patients with AKI.
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12
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Borza CM, Bolas G, Bock F, Zhang X, Akabogu FC, Zhang MZ, de Caestecker M, Yang M, Yang H, Lee E, Gewin L, Fogo AB, McDonald WH, Zent R, Pozzi A. DDR1 contributes to kidney inflammation and fibrosis by promoting the phosphorylation of BCR and STAT3. JCI Insight 2021; 7:150887. [PMID: 34941574 PMCID: PMC8855801 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by collagen, contributes to chronic kidney disease. However, its role in acute kidney injury and subsequent development of kidney fibrosis is not clear. Thus, we performed a model of severe ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury that progressed to kidney fibrosis in WT and Ddr1-null mice. We showed that Ddr1-null mice had reduced acute tubular injury, inflammation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with overall decreased renal monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) levels and STAT3 activation. We identified breakpoint cluster region (BCR) protein as a phosphorylated target of DDR1 that controls MCP-1 production in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. DDR1-induced BCR phosphorylation or BCR downregulation increased MCP-1 secretion, suggesting that BCR negatively regulates the levels of MCP-1. Mechanistically, phosphorylation or downregulation of BCR increased β-catenin activity and in turn MCP-1 production. Finally, we showed that DDR1-mediated STAT3 activation was required to stimulate the secretion of TGF-β. Thus, DDR1 contributes to acute and chronic kidney injury by regulating BCR and STAT3 phosphorylation and in turn the production of MCP-1 and TGF-β. These findings identify DDR1 an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating both proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M. Borza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Gema Bolas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Fabian Bock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Favour C. Akabogu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | | | - Min Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Proteomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Chen YT, Jhao PY, Hung CT, Wu YF, Lin SJ, Chiang WC, Lin SL, Yang KC. Endoplasmic reticulum protein TXNDC5 promotes renal fibrosis by enforcing TGF-β signaling in kidney fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143645. [PMID: 33465051 DOI: 10.1172/jci143645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, a common pathological manifestation of virtually all types of chronic kidney disease (CKD), often results in diffuse kidney scarring and predisposes to end-stage renal disease. Currently, there is no effective therapy against renal fibrosis. Recently, our laboratory identified an ER-resident protein, thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), as a critical mediator of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptome analyses of renal biopsy specimens from patients with CKD revealed marked TXNDC5 upregulation in fibrotic kidneys, suggesting a potential role of TXNDC5 in renal fibrosis. Employing multiple fluorescence reporter mouse lines, we showed that TXNDC5 was specifically upregulated in collagen-secreting fibroblasts in fibrotic mouse kidneys. In addition, we showed that TXNDC5 was required for TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic responses in human kidney fibroblasts (HKFs), whereas TXNDC5 overexpression was sufficient to promote HKF activation, proliferation, and collagen production. Mechanistically, we showed that TXNDC5, transcriptionally controlled by the ATF6-dependent ER stress pathway, mediated its profibrogenic effects by enforcing TGF-β signaling activity through posttranslational stabilization and upregulation of type I TGF-β receptor in kidney fibroblasts. Using a tamoxifen-inducible, fibroblast-specific Txndc5 knockout mouse line, we demonstrated that deletion of Txndc5 in kidney fibroblasts mitigated the progression of established kidney fibrosis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of TXNDC5 targeting for renal fibrosis and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Jhao
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ting Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Feng Wu
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Chiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics and
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Establishment of Murine Model of Kidney Failure Induced by Severe Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Useful to Evaluate Transplantation and Regenerative Therapies. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1202-1205. [PMID: 32164959 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (SIRI) seems to be the key factor that can significantly affect the function of both native kidneys and renal allografts. Therefore, the development of a successful strategy is of a paramount importance in both basic and clinical research. METHODS To determine the effects of SIRI on the native kidney function, a murine model was planned as follows: group 1 (n = 6) mice underwent to nephrectomy plus ischemia-reperfusion injury for 30 minutes; group 2 (n = 6) mice underwent to nephrectomy without ischemia-reperfusion injury and thus served as sham controls for SIRI. The results of serum creatinine (SCr) were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests to calculate the significance between mean values. Survival between groups was measured by Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS To reliably achieve an elevation of SCr levels animals were exposed to a SIRI. The values of SCr increased from 0.35 (SD, 0.09) mg/dL to about 2-fold within 2 days and 3-fold within the following 5 days. Under these given conditions the mice displayed signs and histologic findings of severe kidney damage. The survival rate was about 83% of the animals within a week, and they showed no capacity of complete spontaneous self-regeneration. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we aim to establish a murine model with extensive structural kidney damage and significant elevation of SCr levels, which could be used in basic and translational research of transplantation and regenerative therapies.
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15
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Basile DP. The case for capillary rarefaction in the AKI to CKD progression: insights from multiple injury models. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1253-F1254. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00468.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Menshikh A, Scarfe L, Delgado R, Finney C, Zhu Y, Yang H, de Caestecker MP. Capillary rarefaction is more closely associated with CKD progression after cisplatin, rhabdomyolysis, and ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI than renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1383-F1397. [PMID: 31509009 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00366.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a strong independent predictor of mortality and often results in incomplete recovery of renal function, leading to progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many clinical trials have been conducted on the basis of promising preclinical data, but no therapeutic interventions have been shown to improve long-term outcomes after AKI. This is partly due to the failure of preclinical studies to accurately model clinically relevant injury and long-term outcomes on CKD progression. Here, we evaluated the long-term effects of AKI on CKD progression in three animal models reflecting diverse etiologies of AKI: repeat-dose cisplatin, rhabdomyolysis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate as a clinically relevant measure of kidney function and quantification of peritubular capillary density to measure capillary rarefaction, we showed that repeat-dose cisplatin caused capillary rarefaction and decreased renal function in mice without a significant increase in interstitial fibrosis, whereas rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI led to severe interstitial fibrosis, but renal function and peritubular capillary density were preserved. Furthermore, long-term experiments in mice with unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury showed that restoration of renal function 12 wk after a contralateral nephrectomy was associated with increasing fibrosis, but a reversal of capillary rarefaction was seen at 4 wk. These data demonstrate that clear dissociation between kidney function and fibrosis in these models of AKI to CKD progression and suggest that peritubular capillary rarefaction is more strongly associated with CKD progression than renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Menshikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rachel Delgado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charlene Finney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuantee Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark P de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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