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Wang Q, Li A, Li Q, Li J, Wang Q, Wu S, Meng J, Liu C, Wang D, Chen Y. Carbon monoxide attenuates cellular senescence-mediated pulmonary fibrosis via modulating p53/PAI-1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176843. [PMID: 39068977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal progressive condition often requiring lung transplantation. Accelerated senescence of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) plays a crucial role in pulmonary fibrosis progression through the secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-aging properties. This study aims to explore the preventive effects of CO-releasing molecule 2 (CORM2) in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. METHODS We established an pulmonary fibrosis model in C57BL/6J mice and evaluated the impact of CORM2 on fibrosis pathology using Masson's trichrome staining, fluorescence staining, and pulmonary function tests. Fibrogenic marker expression and SASP secretion in tissues and AECII cells were analyzed using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA assays both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we investigated DNA damage and cellular senescence through immunofluorescence and SA-β-gal staining. RESULTS CORM2 showed a preventive effect on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by improving pulmonary function and reducing the expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as TGF-β, α-SMA, Collagen I/III. CORM2 decreased the DNA damage response by inhibiting γ-H2AX, p53, and p21. We identified PAI-1 as a new target gene that was downregulated by CORM2, and which was associated with cellular senescence and fibrosis. CORM2 effectively inhibited cellular senescence and delayed EMT occurrence in AECII cells. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the potential of CORM2 in preventing DNA damage-induced cellular senescence in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through modulation of the p53/PAI-1 signaling pathway. These findings underscore the promising prospects of CORM2 in targeting cellular senescence and the p53/PAI-1 pathway as a potential preventive strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Aohan Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Case Statistics Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150011, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaojiao Meng
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Changpeng Liu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.
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Li A, Wu S, Li Q, Wang Q, Chen Y. Elucidating the Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions of Gaseous Mediators in the Context of Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38790620 PMCID: PMC11117599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathological alteration of the repair response, involves continuous organ damage, scar formation, and eventual functional failure in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Unfortunately, clinical practice offers limited treatment strategies, leading to high mortality rates in chronic diseases. As part of investigations into gaseous mediators, or gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), numerous studies have confirmed their beneficial roles in attenuating fibrosis. Their therapeutic mechanisms, which involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation, have been increasingly elucidated. Additionally, novel gasotransmitters like hydrogen (H2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have emerged as promising options for fibrosis treatment. In this review, we primarily demonstrate and summarize the protective and therapeutic effects of gaseous mediators in the process of fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in combating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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Fan Y, Pei J, Qin Y, Du H, Qu X, Li W, Huang B, Tan J, Liu Y, Li G, Ke M, Xu Y, Zhu C. Construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts with enhanced patency by integrating heparin, cell-adhesive peptide, and carbon monoxide nanogenerators into acellular blood vessels. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:221-236. [PMID: 38235307 PMCID: PMC10792202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (sdTEVGs) have garnered significant attention as a potential treatment modality for vascular bypass grafting and replacement therapy. However, the intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis are two major complications that impair graft patency during transplantation. To address this issue, we fabricated the covalent-organic framework (COF)-based carbon monoxide (CO) nanogenerator-and co-immobilized with LXW-7 peptide and heparin to establish a multifunctional surface on TEVGs constructed from acellular blood vessels for preventing thrombosis and stenosis. The cell-adhesive peptide LXW-7 could capture endothelial-forming cells (EFCs) to promote endothelialization, while the antithrombotic molecule heparin prevented thrombus formation. The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered CO release suppressed the adhesion and activation of macrophages, leading to the reduction of ROS and inflammatory factors. As a result, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) triggered by inflammation was restricted, facilitating the maintenance of the homeostasis of the neo-endothelium and preventing pathological remodeling in TEVGs. When transplanted in vivo, these vascular grafts exhibited negligible intimal hyperplasia and remained patent for 3 months. This achievement provided a novel approach for constructing antithrombotic and anti-hyperplastic TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juan Pei
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yinhua Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huifang Du
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohang Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Boyue Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ju Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Ke
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Youqian Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Yuan H, Wang K, Zhang QB, Wang F, Zhou Y. The effect of extracorporeal shock wave on joint capsule fibrosis based on A 2AR-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in a rat extending knee immobilization model. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:930. [PMID: 38057890 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint capsule fibrosis, a common complication of joint immobilization, is mainly characterized by abnormal collagen deposition. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on reduced collagen deposition in the joint capsule during immobilization-induced joint capsule fibrosis. Additionally, the potential involvement of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-Neurotrophic factor e2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway was explored. Thirty 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control (C), immobilization model (IM), natural recovery (NR), ESWT intervention (EI), and ESWT combined with A2AR antagonist SCH 58261 intervention (CI). After the left knee joints of rats in the IM, NR, EI and CI groups were immobilized using a full-extension fixation brace for 4 weeks, the EI and CI groups received ESWT twice a week for 4 weeks. The CI group was also treated with ESWT following intraperitoneal injection of SCH 58261 (0.01 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The range of motion of the left knee joint was measured, and the protein levels of collagens I and III, A2AR, phosphorylated-protein kinase A/protein kinase A (p-PKA/PKA), p-Nrf2/Nrf2, and HO-1 were analysed by Western blotting. The IM and NR groups showed significantly greater arthrogenic contracture than the C group (P < 0.05). Compared to the NR group, the EI and CI groups exhibited significant improvement in arthrogenic contracture (P < 0.05). Conversely, the EI group showed lower contracture than the CI group (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed for collagen deposition and the protein levels of collagens I and III. The intervention groups (EI and CI groups) showed higher levels of p-Nrf2/Nrf2 and HO-1 than the NR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EI group exhibited higher levels of p-PKA/PKA, p-Nrf2/Nrf2, and HO-1 than the CI group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the A2AR levels among the five groups (P > 0.05). ESWT may activate A2AR, leading to the phosphorylation of PKA. Subsequently, Nrf2 may be activated, resulting in the upregulation of HO-1, which then reduces collagen deposition and alleviates immobilization-induced joint capsule fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, Hefei, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan-Bing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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5
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İpek E, Aşıcı GSE, Kurt BK, Epikmen ET, Özsoy ŞY, Tunca R. Carbon monoxide (CO) derived from the CO-releasing molecule CORM-2 reduces peritoneal adhesion formation in a rat model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8483-8495. [PMID: 37639152 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) administration has been shown to have an anti-fibrotic effect in various fibrotic diseases, its effects on peritoneal adhesion (PA), one of the postoperative complications, are not elucidated. In this study, the effect of CO-releasing tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) administration on the formation of PA and the underlying factors of its potential effect were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS After the induction of PA, rats were divided into four groups with 8 rats in each group. The rats received either (i) dimethyl sulfoxide:saline solution (1:10) as a vehicle, (ii) 2.5 mg/kg CORM-2, (iii) 5 mg/kg CORM-2, or (iv) inactive (i) CORM (iCORM) intragastrically every day for a duration of 7 days. PA was not induced in rats (n = 8) designated as sham controls. Gross, histological, immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of CORM-2 administration. Gross analysis showed that CORM-2 administration reduced PA formation compared to rats treated with vehicle. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations showed that increased collagen deposition, myofibroblast accumulation, microvessel density, and M1 macrophage count in the peritoneal fibrosis area of vehicle-treated rats decreased following CORM-2 treatments. PCR analyses showed that CORM-2 treatments decreased hypoxia-induced Hif1a, profibrotic Tgfb1, ECM components Col1a1 and Col3a1, collagen degradation suppressor Timp1, fibrinolysis inhibitor Serpine1, and pro-inflammatory Tnf mRNA expressions, while increasing the M2 macrophage marker Arg1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that CORM-2 administration reduces PA formation by affecting adhesiogenic processes such as pro-inflammatory response, fibrinolytic system, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah İpek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Sevri Ekren Aşıcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Büşra Kibar Kurt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Erkmen Tuğrul Epikmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Şule Yurdagül Özsoy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Recai Tunca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Juin SK, Ouseph R, Gondim DD, Jala VR, Sen U. Diabetic Nephropathy and Gaseous Modulators. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051088. [PMID: 37237955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains the leading cause of vascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. Despite the progress in understanding the diabetic disease process and advanced management of nephropathy, a number of patients still progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The underlying mechanism still needs to be clarified. Gaseous signaling molecules, so-called gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been shown to play an essential role in the development, progression, and ramification of DN depending on their availability and physiological actions. Although the studies on gasotransmitter regulations of DN are still emerging, the evidence revealed an aberrant level of gasotransmitters in patients with diabetes. In studies, different gasotransmitter donors have been implicated in ameliorating diabetic renal dysfunction. In this perspective, we summarized an overview of the recent advances in the physiological relevance of the gaseous molecules and their multifaceted interaction with other potential factors, such as extracellular matrix (ECM), in the severity modulation of DN. Moreover, the perspective of the present review highlights the possible therapeutic interventions of gasotransmitters in ameliorating this dreaded disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Juin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rosemary Ouseph
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dibson Dibe Gondim
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Rodkin S, Nwosu C, Sannikov A, Tyurin A, Chulkov VS, Raevskaya M, Ermakov A, Kirichenko E, Gasanov M. The Role of Gasotransmitter-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms in Apoptotic Cell Death in Cardiovascular, Rheumatic, Kidney, and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076014. [PMID: 37046987 PMCID: PMC10094524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders are a common cause of deterioration in the quality of life up to severe disability and death worldwide. Many pathological conditions, including this group of diseases, are based on increased cell death through apoptosis. It is known that this process is associated with signaling pathways controlled by a group of gaseous signaling molecules called gasotransmitters. They are unique messengers that can control the process of apoptosis at different stages of its implementation. However, their role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in these pathological conditions is often controversial and not completely clear. This review analyzes the role of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in apoptotic cell death in cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases. The signaling processes involved in apoptosis in schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders are also considered. The role of gasotransmitters in apoptosis in these diseases is largely determined by cell specificity and concentration. NO has the greatest dualism; scales are more prone to apoptosis. At the same time, CO, H2S, and SO2 are more involved in cytoprotective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rodkin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Chizaram Nwosu
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Alexander Sannikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don 344022, Russia
| | - Anton Tyurin
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | | | - Margarita Raevskaya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Alexey Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Kirichenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Mitkhat Gasanov
- Department of Internal Diseases #1, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don 344022, Russia
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Heme Oxygenase-1: An Anti-Inflammatory Effector in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Related Metabolic Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030555. [PMID: 35326205 PMCID: PMC8944973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). HO activity is represented by two distinct isozymes, the inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutive form, HO-2, encoded by distinct genes (HMOX1, HMOX2, respectively). HO-1 responds to transcriptional activation in response to a wide variety of chemical and physical stimuli, including its natural substrate heme, oxidants, and phytochemical antioxidants. The expression of HO-1 is regulated by NF-E2-related factor-2 and counter-regulated by Bach-1, in a heme-sensitive manner. Additionally, HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms have been associated with human disease. The induction of HO-1 can confer protection in inflammatory conditions through removal of heme, a pro-oxidant and potential catalyst of lipid peroxidation, whereas iron released from HO activity may trigger ferritin synthesis or ferroptosis. The production of heme-derived reaction products (i.e., BV, BR) may contribute to HO-dependent cytoprotection via antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, BVR and BR have newly recognized roles in lipid regulation. CO may alter mitochondrial function leading to modulation of downstream signaling pathways that culminate in anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. This review will present evidence for beneficial effects of HO-1 and its reaction products in human diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic conditions, including diabetes and obesity, as well as acute and chronic diseases of the liver, kidney, or lung. Strategies targeting the HO-1 pathway, including genetic or chemical modulation of HO-1 expression, or application of BR, CO gas, or CO donor compounds show therapeutic potential in inflammatory conditions, including organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. Evidence from human studies indicate that HO-1 expression may represent a biomarker of oxidative stress in various clinical conditions, while increases in serum BR levels have been correlated inversely to risk of CVD and metabolic disease. Ongoing human clinical trials investigate the potential of CO as a therapeutic in human disease.
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Kang H, Seo E, Oh YS, Jun HS. TGF-β activates NLRP3 inflammasome by an autocrine production of TGF-β in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1329-1338. [PMID: 35138513 PMCID: PMC8989865 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of liver disease, and inflammasome activation has been identified as a major contributor to the amplification of liver inflammation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key regulator of liver physiology, contributing to all stages of liver disease. We investigated whether TGF-β is involved in inflammasome-mediated fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells. Treatment with TGF-β increased priming of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by increasing NLRP3 levels and activating TAK1-NF-kB signaling. Moreover, TGF-β increased the expression of p-Smad2/3-NOX4 in LX-2 cells and consequently increased ROS content, which is a trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Elevated expression of NEK7 and active caspase-1 was also shown in TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells, and this level was reduced by (5Z)-oxozeaenol, a TAK inhibitor. Finally, TGF-β-treated cells significantly increased TGF-β secretion levels, and their production was inhibited by IL-1β receptor antagonist treatment. In conclusion, TGF-β may represent an endogenous danger signal to the active NLRP3 inflammasome, by which IL-1β mediates TGF-β expression in an autocrine manner. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising approach for the development of therapies for TGF-β-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwansu Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Eunhui Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553 Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13135, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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10
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Liu Q, Cheng A, Wang Y, Lv Y, Chen Z. Carbon Monoxide in Renal Physiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Renal Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4253-4260. [PMID: 34779366 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210706161207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the endogenous gaseous messengers or gasotransmitters, and is a paramount mediator in physiological and disease conditions. In this review, we focus on the functions of CO in normal and pathological renal physiology. We discuss endogenous renal CO production and signaling in the normal kidney, the characteristic of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) modalities, and outline its regulatory functions in renal physiology. This article summarizes the mechanisms as well as the effect of CO in the evolving field of renal diseases. We predict numerous innovative CO applications forevolvingcutting-edge scholarly work in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anying Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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11
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Gasotransmitters: Potential Therapeutic Molecules of Fibrotic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3206982. [PMID: 34594474 PMCID: PMC8478550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3206982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as the pathological progress of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen, fibronectin, and elastin deposition, as the regenerative capacity of cells cannot satisfy the dynamic repair of chronic damage. The well-known features of tissue fibrosis are characterized as the presence of excessive activated and proliferated fibroblasts and the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and epithelial cells undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to expand the number of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts thereby driving fibrogenesis. In terms of mechanism, during the process of fibrosis, the activations of the TGF-β signaling pathway, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and inflammatory response play crucial roles in the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts to generate ECM. The deaths due to severe fibrosis account for almost half of the total deaths from various diseases, and few treatment strategies are available for the prevention of fibrosis as yet. Recently, numerous studies demonstrated that three well-defined bioactive gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), generally exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Besides these effects, a number of studies have reported that low-dose exogenous and endogenous gasotransmitters can delay and interfere with the occurrence and development of fibrotic diseases, including myocardial fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, diabetic diaphragm fibrosis, and peritoneal fibrosis. Furthermore, in animal and clinical experiments, the inhalation of low-dose exogenous gas and intraperitoneal injection of gaseous donors, such as SNAP, CINOD, CORM, SAC, and NaHS, showed a significant therapeutic effect on the inhibition of fibrosis through modulating the TGF-β signaling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and delaying the cellular senescence, while promoting the process of autophagy. In this review, we first demonstrate and summarize the therapeutic effects of gasotransmitters on diverse fibrotic diseases and highlight their molecular mechanisms in the process and development of fibrosis.
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12
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Li Y, Ma K, Han Z, Chi M, Sai X, Zhu P, Ding Z, Song L, Liu C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:708453. [PMID: 34504854 PMCID: PMC8421649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.708453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a general term for heterogeneous damage that affects the function and the structure of the kidneys. The rising incidence of kidney diseases represents a considerable burden on the healthcare system, so the development of new drugs and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. The pathophysiology of kidney diseases is complex and involves multiple processes, including inflammation, autophagy, cell-cycle progression, and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in the process of heme degradation, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its cytoprotective properties. As an enzyme with known anti-oxidative functions, HO-1 plays an indispensable role in the regulation of oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of several kidney diseases. Moreover, current studies have revealed that HO-1 can affect cell proliferation, cell maturation, and other metabolic processes, thereby altering the function of immune cells. Many strategies, such as the administration of HO-1-overexpressing macrophages, use of phytochemicals, and carbon monoxide-based therapies, have been developed to target HO-1 in a variety of nephropathological animal models, indicating that HO-1 is a promising protein for the treatment of kidney diseases. Here, we briefly review the effects of HO-1 induction on specific immune cell populations with the aim of exploring the potential therapeutic roles of HO-1 and designing HO-1-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolun Ding
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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CO-Releasing Molecule-2 Prevents Acute Kidney Injury through Suppression of ROS-Fyn-ER Stress Signaling in Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9947772. [PMID: 34326922 PMCID: PMC8277502 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9947772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) most commonly appears in critically ill patients in hospitals. AKI is characterized as a quick deterioration of kidney function and has recently been identified to be tightly interlinked with chronic kidney diseases. The emerging major mediators of AKI include oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) attenuates oxidative stress and ER stress in various cells, while Fyn, a member of the Src kinase family, is activated by oxidative stress and contributes to ER stress in skeletal muscle. Considering these, the objective of the current research was to determine (i) the involvement of Fyn in ER stress-mediated AKI and (ii) the effect of CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM2) on reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) Fyn-ER stress-mediated AKI. Pretreatment with CORM2 (30 mg/kg) efficiently inhibited LPS (30 mg/kg)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular apoptosis during AKI in C57BL/6J mice. Also, CORM2 efficiently suppressed the activation of Fyn and ER stress in AKI mice. Consistently, pretreatment with CORM2 inhibited oxidative stress, Fyn activation, ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in LPS- or H2O2-stimulated proximal epithelial tubular cells. Fyn inhibition using siRNA or an inhibitor (PP2) significantly attenuated ER stress responses in the cells. These data suggest that CORM2 may become a potential treatment option against ROS-Fyn-ER stress-mediated AKI.
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HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir induces renal fibrosis and dysfunction: role of platelet-derived TGF-β1 and intervention via antioxidant pathways. AIDS 2020; 34:989-1000. [PMID: 32167970 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with tubular injury and fibrosis occurs in HIV infection treated with certain protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapies. The pathophysiology is unclear. DESIGN We hypothesized that fibrosis, mediated by platelet-derived transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, underlies protease inhibitor-associated CKD. We induced this in mice exposed to the protease inhibitor ritonavir (RTV), and intervened with low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide (CO), activating erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-associated antioxidant pathways. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice and mice deficient in platelet TGF-β1, were given RTV (10 mg/kg) or vehicle daily for 8 weeks. Select groups were exposed to CO (250 ppm) for 4 h after RTV or vehicle injection. Renal disorder, fibrosis, and TGF-β1-based and Nrf2-based signaling were examined by histology, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Renal damage and dysfunction were assessed by KIM-1 and cystatin C ELISAs. Clinical correlations were sought among HIV-infected individuals. RESULTS RTV-induced glomerular and tubular injury, elevating urinary KIM-1 (P = 0.004). It enhanced TGF-β1-related signaling, accompanied by kidney fibrosis, macrophage polarization to an inflammatory phenotype, and renal dysfunction with cystatin C elevation (P = 0.008). Mice lacking TGF-β1 in platelets were partially protected from these abnormalities. CO inhibited RTV-induced fibrosis and macrophage polarization in association with upregulation of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Clinically, HIV infection correlated with elevated cystatin C levels in untreated women (n = 17) vs. age-matched controls (n = 19; P = 0.014). RTV-treated HIV+ women had further increases in cystatin C (n = 20; P = 0.05), with parallel elevation of HO-1. CONCLUSION Platelet TGF-β1 contributes to RTV-induced kidney fibrosis and dysfunction, which may be amenable to antioxidant interventions.
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15
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Bhatia D, Choi ME. Autophagy in kidney disease: Advances and therapeutic potential. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 172:107-133. [PMID: 32620239 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular catabolic process for the degradation of cytoplasmic components that has recently gained increasing attention for its importance in kidney diseases. It is indispensable for the maintenance of kidney homeostasis both in physiological and pathological conditions. Investigations utilizing various kidney cell-specific conditional autophagy-related gene knockouts have facilitated the advancement in understanding of the role of autophagy in the kidney. Recent findings are raising the possibility that defective autophagy exerts a critical role in different pathological conditions of the kidney. An emerging body of evidence reveals that autophagy exhibits cytoprotective functions in both glomerular and tubular compartments of the kidney, suggesting the upregulation of autophagy as an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, there is also accumulating evidence that autophagy could be deleterious, which presents a formidable challenge in developing therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy. Here, we review the recent advances in research on the role of autophagy during different pathological conditions, including acute kidney injury (AKI), focusing on sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cisplatin, and heavy metal-induced AKI. We also discuss the role of autophagy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) focusing on the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, podocytopathies including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, HIV-associated nephropathy, and polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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16
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Uddin MJ, Pak ES, Ha H. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 protects mice against acute kidney injury through inhibition of ER stress. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:567-575. [PMID: 30181703 PMCID: PMC6115348 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is defined as a rapid decline of renal function, becomes common and recently recognized to be closely intertwined with chronic kidney diseases. Current treatment for AKI is largely supportive, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a novel mediator of AKI. Since carbon monoxide attenuates ER stress, the objective of the present study aimed to determine the protective effect of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM2) on AKI associated with ER stress. Kidney injury was induced after LPS (15 mg/kg) treatment at 12 to 24 h in C57BL/6J mice. Pretreatment of CORM2 (30 mg/kg) effectively prevented LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation during AKI in mice. CORM2 treatment also effectively inhibited LPS-induced ER stress in AKI mice. In order to confirm effect of CO on the pathophysiological role of tubular epithelial cells in AKI, we used mProx24 cells. Pretreatment of CORM2 attenuated LPS-induced ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mProx24 cells. These data suggest that CO therapy may prevent ER stress-mediated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Ahamed J, Laurence J. Role of Platelet-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Reactive Oxygen Species in Radiation-Induced Organ Fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:977-988. [PMID: 28562065 PMCID: PMC5649128 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This review evaluates the role of platelet-derived transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in oxidative stress-linked pathologic fibrosis, with an emphasis on the heart and kidney, by using ionizing radiation as a clinically relevant stimulus. Current radiation-induced organ fibrosis interventions focus on pan-neutralization of TGF-β or the use of anti-oxidants and anti-proliferative agents, with limited clinical efficacy. Recent Advances: Pathologic fibrosis represents excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components after dysregulation of a balance between ECM synthesis and degradation. Targets based on endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) pathways and the use of redox modulators such as N-acetylcysteine present promising alternatives to current therapeutic regimens. CRITICAL ISSUES Ionizing radiation leads to direct DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with TGF-β1 activation via ROS, thrombin generation, platelet activation, and pro-inflammatory signaling promoting myofibroblast accumulation and ECM production. Feed-forward loops, as TGF-β1 promotes ROS, amplify these profibrotic signals, and persistent low-grade inflammation insures their perpetuation. We highlight differential roles for platelet- versus monocyte-derived TGF-β1, establishing links between canonical and noncanonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways in relationship to macrophage polarization and autophagy, and define points where pharmacologic agents can intervene. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies are needed to understand mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of current and proposed therapeutics, based on limiting platelet TGF-β1 activity, promotion of macrophage polarization, and facilitation of collagen autophagy. Models incorporating endogenous CO and selective TGF-β1 pathways that impact the initiation and progression of pathologic fibrosis, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and redox, are of particular interest. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 977-988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahamed
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jeffrey Laurence
- 2 Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
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HIV protease inhibitor-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis is mediated by platelet-derived TGF-β1 and can be suppressed by exogenous carbon monoxide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187185. [PMID: 29088262 PMCID: PMC5663426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This risk is magnified by certain antiretrovirals, particularly the protease inhibitor ritonavir, but the pathophysiology of this connection is unknown. We postulated that a major mechanism for antiretroviral-associated cardiac disease is pathologic fibrosis linked to platelet activation with release and activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and that these changes could be modeled in a murine system. We also sought to intervene utilizing inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) as proof-of-concept for therapeutics capable of regulating TGF-β1 signaling and collagen autophagy. We demonstrate decreased cardiac function indices, including cardiac output, ejection fraction and stroke volume, and prominent cardiac fibrosis, in mice exposed to pharmacological doses of ritonavir. Cardiac output and fibrosis correlated with plasma TGF-β1 levels. Mice with targeted deletion of TGF-β1 in megakaryocytes/platelets (PF4CreTgfb1flox/flox) were partially protected from ritonavir-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. Inhalation of low dose CO (250ppm), used as a surrogate for upregulation of inducible heme oxygenase/endogenous CO pathways, suppressed ritonavir-induced cardiac fibrosis. This occurred in association with modulation of canonical (Smad2) and non-canonical (p38) TGF-β1 signaling pathways. In addition, CO treatment suppressed the M1 pro-inflammatory subset of macrophages and increased M2c regulatory cells in the hearts of RTV-exposed animals. The effects of CO were dependent upon autophagy as CO did not mitigate ritonavir-induced fibrosis in autophagy-deficient LC3-/- mice. These results suggest that platelet-derived TGF-β1 contributes to ritonavir-associated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, extending the relevance of our findings to other antiretrovirals that also activate platelets. The anti-fibrotic effects of CO are linked to alterations in TGF-β1 signaling and autophagy, suggesting a proof-of-concept for novel interventions in HIV/antiretroviral therapy-mediated cardiovascular disease.
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Tanada Y, Okuda J, Kato T, Minamino-Muta E, Murata I, Soga T, Shioi T, Kimura T. The metabolic profile of a rat model of chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3352. [PMID: 28560105 PMCID: PMC5444364 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The kidney is always subjected to high metabolic demand. The aim of this study was to characterize metabolic profiles of a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) induced by prolonged hypertension. Methods We used inbred male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed an 8% NaCl diet from six weeks of age (high-salt; HS group) or a 0.3% NaCl diet as controls (low-salt; LS group). We analyzed function, pathology, metabolome, and the gene expression related to energy metabolism of the kidney. Results DS rats with a high-salt diet showed hypertension at 11 weeks of age and elevated serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with heart failure at 21 weeks of age. The fibrotic area in the kidneys increased at 21 weeks of age. In addition, gene expression related to mitochondrial function was largely decreased. The levels of citrate and isocitrate increased and the gene expression of alpha-ketoglutaratedehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase decreased; these are enzymes that metabolize citrate and isocitrate, respectively. In addition, the levels of succinate and acetyl Co-A, both of which are metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, decreased. Conclusions DS rats fed a high-salt diet were deemed a suitable model of CKD with CRS. Gene expression and metabolites related to energy metabolism and mitochondria in the kidney significantly changed in DS rats with hypertension in accordance with the progression of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tanada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Okuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Minamino-Muta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichijiro Murata
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shioi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Ahamed J, Terry H, Choi ME, Laurence J. Transforming growth factor-β1-mediated cardiac fibrosis: potential role in HIV and HIV/antiretroviral therapy-linked cardiovascular disease. AIDS 2016; 30:535-42. [PMID: 26605511 PMCID: PMC4738098 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection elevates the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of traditional risk factors. Autopsy series document cardiac inflammation and endomyocardial fibrosis in the HIV+ treatment naïve, and gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging has identified prominent myocardial fibrosis in the majority of HIV+ individuals despite use of suppressive antiretroviral therapies (ART). The extent of such disease may correlate with specific ART regimens. For example, HIV-infected patients receiving ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors have the highest prevalence of CVD, and RTV-exposed rodents exhibit cardiac dysfunction coupled with cardiac and vascular fibrosis, independent of RTV-mediated lipid alterations. We recently showed that platelet transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a key contributor to cardiac fibrosis in murine models. We hypothesize that in the HIV+/ART naïve, cardiac fibrosis is a consequence of proinflammatory cytokine and/or ART-linked platelet activation with release of TGF-β1. Resultant TGF-β1/Smad signaling would promote collagen synthesis and organ fibrosis. We document these changes in a pilot immunohistochemical evaluation of cardiac tissue from two ART-naive pediatric AIDS patients. In terms of ART, we showed that RTV inhibits immunoproteasome degradation of TRAF6, a nuclear adapter signaling molecule critical to the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways involved in osteoclast differentiation and accelerated osteoporosis. We now present a model illustrating how RTV could similarly amplify TGF-β1 signaling in the promotion of cardiac fibrosis and accelerated CVD. Supportive clinical data correlate RTV use with elevation of NT-proBNP, a biomarker for CVD. We discuss potential interventions involving intrinsic modulators of inflammation and collagen degradation, including carbon monoxide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahamed
- aDivision of Hematology and Medical OncologybDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New YorkcCardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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21
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Ding Y, Kim SL, Lee SY, Koo JK, Wang Z, Choi ME. Autophagy regulates TGF-β expression and suppresses kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2835-46. [PMID: 24854279 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that cells use to degrade and recycle cellular proteins and remove damaged organelles. During the past decade, there has been a growing interest in defining the basic cellular mechanism of autophagy and its roles in health and disease. However, the functional role of autophagy in kidney fibrosis remains poorly understood. Here, using GFP-LC3 transgenic mice, we show that autophagy is induced in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) of obstructed kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Deletion of LC3B (LC3(-/-) mice) resulted in increased collagen deposition and increased mature profibrotic factor TGF-β levels in obstructed kidneys. Beclin 1 heterozygous (beclin 1(+/-)) mice also displayed increased collagen deposition in the obstructed kidneys after UUO. We also show that TGF-β1 induces autophagy in primary mouse RTECs and human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. LC3 deficiency resulted in increased levels of mature TGF-β in primary RTECs. Under conditions of TGF-β1 stimulation and autoinduction, inhibition of autolysosomal protein degradation by bafilomycin A1 increased mature TGF-β protein levels without alterations in TGF-β1 mRNA. These data suggest a novel intracellular mechanism by which mature TGF-β1 protein levels may be regulated in RTECs through autophagic degradation, which suppresses kidney fibrosis induced by UUO. The dual functions of TGF-β1, as an inducer of TGF-β1 autoinduction and an inducer of autophagy and TGF-β degradation, underscore the multifunctionality of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Sung ll Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - So-Young Lee
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ja Kun Koo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary E Choi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
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22
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Autophagy is emerging as an important pathway in many biological processes and diseases. This review summarizes the current progress on the role of autophagy in renal physiology and pathology. RECENT ADVANCES Studies from renal cells in culture, human kidney tissues, and experimental animal models implicate that autophagy regulates many critical aspects of normal and disease conditions in the kidney, such as diabetic nephropathy and other glomerular diseases, tubular injuries, kidney development and aging, cancer, and genetic diseases associated with the kidney. CRITICAL ISSUES The importance of autophagy in the kidney has just started to be elucidated. How the process of autophagy is altered in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and how this alteration is beneficial or detrimental to kidney functions still need to be fully understood. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigations that uncover the precise mechanism and regulation of autophagy in various kidney diseases may lead to new strategies for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the renal fibrosis of obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2013; 85:1318-29. [PMID: 24284510 PMCID: PMC4040941 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide has recently been found decreased in chronic kidney disease. Here we determined the effect and underlying mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide on a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Compared with normal rats, obstructive injury decreased the plasma hydrogen sulfide level. Cystathionine-β-synthase, a hydrogen sulfide-producing enzyme, was dramatically reduced in the ureteral obstructed kidney, but another enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase was increased. A hydrogen sulfide donor (sodium hydrogen sulfide) inhibited renal fibrosis by attenuating the production of collagen, extracellular matrix, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Meanwhile, the infiltration of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the kidney were also decreased. In cultured kidney fibroblasts, a hydrogen sulfide donor inhibited the cell proliferation by reducing DNA synthesis and downregulating the expressions of proliferation-related proteins including proliferating cell nuclear antigen and c-Myc. Further, the hydrogen sulfide donor blocked the differentiation of quiescent renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β1-Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Thus, low doses of hydrogen sulfide or its releasing compounds may have therapeutic potentials in treating chronic kidney disease.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved homoeostatic mechanism for cell survival under conditions of stress, and is widely implicated as an important pathway in many biological processes and diseases. In progressive kidney diseases, fibrosis represents the common pathway to end-stage kidney failure. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been established as a central mediator of kidney fibrosis. A recently emerging body of evidence from studies in renal cells in culture and experimental animal models suggests that TGF-β1 regulates autophagy and that autophagy regulates many critical aspects of normal and disease conditions associated with kidney fibrosis, such as tubulointerstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Here, we review the recent advances exploring the process of autophagy, its regulation by TGF-β1, and the implication in the pathogenesis of progressive kidney fibrosis and injury responses. Understanding the cellular and molecular bases of this process is crucial for identifying potential new diagnostic and therapeutic targets of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mary E Choi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Hou J, Cai S, Kitajima Y, Fujino M, Ito H, Takahashi K, Abe F, Tanaka T, Ding Q, Li XK. 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron induces carbon monoxide generation in mouse kidneys and protects from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1149-57. [PMID: 23904222 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00275.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major factor responsible for acute renal failure. An intermediate in heme synthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is fundamental in aerobic energy metabolism. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 cleaves heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron (Fe(2+)), which is used with 5-ALA. In the present study, we investigated the role of 5-ALA in the attenuation of acute renal IRI using a mouse model. Male Balb/c mice received 30 mg/kg 5-ALA with Fe(2+) 48, 24, and 2 h before IRI and were subsequently subjected to bilateral renal pedicle occlusion for 45 min. The endogenous CO concentration of the kidneys from the mice administered 5-ALA/Fe(2+) increased significantly, and the peak concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen decreased. 5-ALA/Fe(2+) treatments significantly decreased the tubular damage and number of apoptotic cells. IRI-induced renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels were also significantly decreased in the 5-ALA/Fe(2+) group. Furthermore, mRNA expression of HO-1, TNF-α, and interferon-γ was significantly increased after IRI. Levels of HO-1 were increased and levels of TNF-α and interferon-γ were decreased in the 5-ALA/Fe(2+)-pretreated renal parenchyma after IRI. F4/80 staining showed reduced macrophage infiltration, and TUNEL staining revealed that there were fewer interstitial apoptotic cells. These findings suggest that 5-ALA/Fe(2+) can protect the kidneys against IRI by reducing macrophage infiltration and decreasing renal cell apoptosis via the generation of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Hou
- Div. of Radiation Safety and Immune Tolerance, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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26
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Kim SI, Na HJ, Ding Y, Wang Z, Lee SJ, Choi ME. Autophagy promotes intracellular degradation of type I collagen induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11677-88. [PMID: 22351764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process regulating turnover of cytoplasmic proteins via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Here we show that kidneys from mice deficient in autophagic protein Beclin 1 exhibited profibrotic phenotype, with increased collagen deposition. Reduced Beclin 1 expression, through genetic disruption of beclin 1 or knockdown by specific siRNA in primary mouse mesangial cells (MMC), resulted in increased protein levels of type I collagen (Col-I). Inhibition of autolysosomal protein degradation by bafilomycin A(1) also increased Col-I protein levels and colocalization of Col-I with LC3, an autophagy marker, or LAMP-1, a lysosome marker, whereas treatment with TFP, an inducer of autophagy, resulted in decreased Col-I protein levels induced by TGF-β1, without alterations in Col-I α1 mRNA. Heterozygous deletion of beclin 1 increased accumulation of aggregated Col-I under nonstimulated conditions, and stimulation with TGF-β1 further increased aggregated Col-I. These data indicate that Col-I and aggregated, insoluble procollagen I undergo intracellular degradation via autophagy. A cytoprotective role of autophagy is implicated in kidney injury, and we demonstrate that low-dose carbon monoxide, shown to exert cytoprotection against renal fibrosis, induces autophagy to suppress accumulation of Col-I induced by TGF-β1. We also show that TGF-β1 induces autophagy in MMC via TAK1-MKK3-p38 signaling pathway. The dual functions of TGF-β1, as both an inducer of Col-I synthesis and an inducer of autophagy and Col-I degradation, underscore the multifunctional nature of TGF-β1. Our findings suggest a novel role of autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism to negatively regulate and prevent excess collagen accumulation in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Il Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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27
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Ozaki KS, Kimura S, Murase N. Use of carbon monoxide in minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury in transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 26:125-39. [PMID: 22000659 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon monoxide (CO) is known to be toxic because of its ability to interfere with oxygen delivery at high concentrations, mammalian cells endogenously generate CO primarily via the catalysis of heme by heme oxygenases. Recent findings have indicated that heme oxygenases and generation of CO serve as a key mechanism to maintain the integrity of the physiological function of organs and supported the development of a new paradigm that CO, at low concentrations, functions as a signaling molecule in the body and exerts significant cytoprotection. Consequently, exogenously delivered CO has been shown to mediate potent protection in various injury models through its anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, and antiapoptotic functions. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with organ transplantation is one of the major deleterious factors limiting the success of transplantation. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a complex cascade of interconnected events involving cell damage, apoptosis, vigorous inflammatory responses, microcirculation disturbance, and thrombogenesis. Carbon monoxide has a great potential in minimizing I/R injury. This review will provide an overview of the basic physiology of CO, preclinical studies examining efficacy of CO in I/R injury models, and possible protective mechanisms. Carbon monoxide could be developed to be a valuable therapeutic molecule in minimizing I/R injury in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi S Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Correa-Costa M, Semedo P, Monteiro APFS, Silva RC, Pereira RL, Gonçalves GM, Marques GDM, Cenedeze MA, Faleiros ACG, Keller AC, Shimizu MHM, Seguro AC, Reis MA, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 can halt and even reverse renal tubule-interstitial fibrosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14298. [PMID: 21179206 PMCID: PMC3001459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tubule-interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of progressive renal disease and is strongly associated with inflammation of this compartment. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective molecule that has been shown to be beneficial in various models of renal injury. However, the role of HO-1 in reversing an established renal scar has not yet been addressed. Aim We explored the ability of HO-1 to halt and reverse the establishment of fibrosis in an experimental model of chronic renal disease. Methods Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and divided into two groups: non-treated and Hemin-treated. To study the prevention of fibrosis, animals were pre-treated with Hemin at days -2 and -1 prior to UUO. To investigate whether HO-1 could reverse established fibrosis, Hemin therapy was given at days 6 and 7 post-surgery. After 7 and/or 14 days, animals were sacrificed and blood, urine and kidney tissue samples were collected for analyses. Renal function was determined by assessing the serum creatinine, inulin clearance, proteinuria/creatininuria ratio and extent of albuminuria. Arterial blood pressure was measured and fibrosis was quantified by Picrosirius staining. Gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, as well as HO-1 were performed. Results Pre-treatment with Hemin upregulated HO-1 expression and significantly reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, inflammation and pro-fibrotic protein and gene expressions in animals subjected to UUO. Interestingly, the delayed treatment with Hemin was also able to reduce renal dysfunction and to decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, all in association with significantly reduced levels of fibrosis-related molecules and collagen deposition. Finally, TGF-β protein production was significantly lower in Hemin-treated animals. Conclusion Treatment with Hemin was able both to prevent the progression of fibrosis and to reverse an established renal scar. Modulation of inflammation appears to be the major mechanism behind HO-1 cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Correa-Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F. S. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo C. Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L. Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgia Daniela Marcusso Marques
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Cenedeze
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C. G. Faleiros
- Pathology Division, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C. Keller
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria H. M. Shimizu
- Nephrology Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio C. Seguro
- Nephrology Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene A. Reis
- Pathology Division, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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29
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Motterlini R, Otterbein LE. The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:728-43. [PMID: 20811383 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1156] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dendooven A, Ishola DA, Nguyen TQ, Van der Giezen DM, Kok RJ, Goldschmeding R, Joles JA. Oxidative stress in obstructive nephropathy. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 92:202-10. [PMID: 20804541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is one of the most commonly applied rodent models to study the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis. This model reflects important aspects of inflammation and fibrosis that are prominent in human kidney diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the factors contributing to the pathophysiology of UUO, highlighting the role of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Dendooven
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Abraham NG, Cao J, Sacerdoti D, Li X, Drummond G. Heme oxygenase: the key to renal function regulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1137-52. [PMID: 19570878 PMCID: PMC2781329 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90449.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) plays a critical role in attenuating the production of reactive oxygen species through its ability to degrade heme in an enzymatic process that leads to the production of equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide and biliverdin/bilirubin and the release of free iron. The present review examines the beneficial role of HO-1 (inducible form of HO) that is achieved by increased expression of this enzyme in renal tissue. The influence of the HO system on renal physiology, obesity, vascular dysfunction, and blood pressure regulation is reviewed, and the clinical potential of increased levels of HO-1 protein, HO activity, and HO-derived end products of heme degradation is discussed relative to renal disease. The use of pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the role of the HO system in the kidney is key to the development of therapeutic approaches to prevent the adverse effects that accrue due to an impairment in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- New York Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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Wang PHM, Cenedeze MA, Campanholle G, Malheiros DMAC, Torres HADM, Pesquero JB, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Deletion of bradykinin B1 receptor reduces renal fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 9:653-7. [PMID: 19010452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Kallikrein-kinin system works through activation of two receptors. One constitutive, named B2 receptor (B2R) and another inducible, denominated B1 receptor (B1R). In renal fibrosis, B2R receptor activation appears to be protective, however B1R participation is unveiled. The aim of this study was to analyze how the deletion of the B1R would modify tissue responses after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). For that, B1R knockout (B1KO) and wild-type mice (B1B2WT) were subjected to UUO and sacrificed at days 1, 5 and 14. Renal dysfunction was assayed by urine proteinuria/creatinine ratio and percentage of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Kidneys were harvested at day 5 to analyze anti and pro-inflammatory molecules expression by real-time PCR. We demonstrated that at all time points, B1KO mice presented lower proteinuria/creatinine ratio from bladder urine. B1KO protection was reinforced by its lower tubular interstitial fibrosis percentage at day 14 (B1B2WT: 12.16+/-1.53% vs. B1KO: 6.73+/-1.07%, p<0.02). UUO was able to induce B1R expression and its highest transcription was achieved at day 5. At this day, B1KO had significant lower expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TGF-beta, MCP-1, OPN and IL-6 and higher anti-inflammatory components, as IL-10 and HO-1. Herein, we observed that B1R deletion may be an important component in renal fibrosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella Huey Mei Wang
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
This review is intended to stimulate interest in the effect of increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and increased levels of HO activity on normal and pathological states. The HO system includes the heme catabolic pathway, comprising HO and biliverdin reductase, and the products of heme degradation, carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin/bilirubin. The role of the HO system in diabetes, inflammation, heart disease, hypertension, neurological disorders, transplantation, endotoxemia and other pathologies is a burgeoning area of research. This review focuses on the clinical potential of increased levels of HO-1 protein and HO activity to ameliorate tissue injury. The use of pharmacological and genetic probes to manipulate HO, leading to new insights into the complex relationship of the HO system with biological and pathological phenomena under investigation, is reviewed. This information is critical in both drug development and the implementation of clinical approaches to moderate and to alleviate the numerous chronic disorders in humans affected by perturbations in the HO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- New York Medical College, Basic Science Building, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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