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Jia L, Wang Y, Ma X, Wang H, Fu R. A Study on the Role of Wip1 in Renal Fibrosis by Modulating Macrophage Phenotype. Arch Med Res 2023:S0188-4409(23)00059-0. [PMID: 37193620 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the result of chronic kidney diseases, the exploration of the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and the development of effective treatment methods have become major challenges. AIMS To investigate the effect of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) on macrophage phenotype regulation and the role played in renal fibrosis. METHODS RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin 4 (IL-4) to differentiate into M1 or M2 macrophages. Lentivirus vectors were transduced into RAW264.7 macrophages to construct the cell lines that overexpressed or silenced Wip1, respectively. Furthermore, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and α-SMA levels of primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) were measured after co-culture with macrophages overexpressed or silenced by Wip1. RESULTS Macrophages stimulated by LPS plus IFN-γ differentiated into M1 macrophages with high expression of iNOS and TNF-α, while those stimulated by IL-4 differentiated into M2 macrophages with high expression of Arg-1 and CD206. Increased expression of iNOS and TNF-α was observed in macrophages transduced with Wip1 RNA interference, while an increased expression of Arg-1 and CD206 was observed in macrophages transduced with Wip1 overexpressed vector, indicating that RAW264.7 macrophages could be transformed into M2 macrophages after Wip1 overexpression, and transformed into M1 macrophages by down-regulating Wip1. In addition, the E-cadherin mRNA level decreased and Vimentin and α-SMA increased in RTECs co-cultured with Wip1 overexpressed macrophages compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Wip1 may participate in the pathophysiological process of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by transforming macrophages into the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Jia
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yinhong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaotao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Saclier M, Lapi M, Bonfanti C, Rossi G, Antonini S, Messina G. The Transcription Factor Nfix Requires RhoA-ROCK1 Dependent Phagocytosis to Mediate Macrophage Skewing during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E708. [PMID: 32183151 PMCID: PMC7140652 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MPs) are immune cells which are crucial for tissue repair. In skeletal muscle regeneration, pro-inflammatory cells first infiltrate to promote myogenic cell proliferation, then they switch into an anti-inflammatory phenotype to sustain myogenic cells differentiation and myofiber formation. This phenotypical switch is induced by dead cell phagocytosis. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor Nfix, a member of the nuclear factor I (Nfi) family, plays a pivotal role during muscle development, regeneration and in the progression of muscular dystrophies. Here, we show that Nfix is mainly expressed by anti-inflammatory macrophages. Upon acute injury, mice deleted for Nfix in myeloid line displayed a significant defect in the process of muscle regeneration. Indeed, Nfix is involved in the macrophage phenotypical switch and macrophages lacking Nfix failed to adopt an anti-inflammatory phenotype and interact with myogenic cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that phagocytosis induced by the inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK1 pathway leads to Nfix expression and, consequently, to acquisition of the anti-inflammatory phenotype. Our study identified Nfix as a link between RhoA-ROCK1-dependent phagocytosis and the MP phenotypical switch, thus establishing a new role for Nfix in macrophage biology for the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (S.A.)
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Bhatia D, Chung KP, Nakahira K, Patino E, Rice MC, Torres LK, Muthukumar T, Choi AM, Akchurin OM, Choi ME. Mitophagy-dependent macrophage reprogramming protects against kidney fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132826. [PMID: 31639106 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, by maintaining mitochondrial quality control, plays a key role in maintaining kidney function and is impaired in pathologic states. Macrophages are well known for their pathogenic role in kidney fibrosis. Here, we report that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in macrophages is compromised in experimental and human kidney fibrosis. We demonstrate downregulation of mitophagy regulators mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and Parkin downstream of PINK1 in kidney fibrosis. Loss of either Pink1 or Prkn promoted renal extracellular matrix accumulation and frequency of profibrotic/M2 macrophages. Pink1-/- or Prkn-/- BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed enhanced expression of rictor. Mitochondria from TGF-β1-treated Pink1-/- BMDMs exhibited increased superoxide levels, along with reduced respiration and ATP production. In addition, mitophagy in macrophages involves PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream MFN2, MFN2-facilitated recruitment of Parkin to damaged mitochondria, and macrophage-specific deletion of Mfn2 aggravates kidney fibrosis. Moreover, mitophagy regulators were downregulated in human CKD kidney and TGF-β1-treated human renal macrophages, whereas Mdivi1 treatment suppressed mitophagy mediators and promoted fibrotic response. Taken together, our study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate that macrophage mitophagy plays a protective role against kidney fibrosis via regulating the PINK1/MFN2/Parkin-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa K Torres
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Augustine Mk Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Oleh M Akchurin
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and.,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Friedman A, Hao W. Mathematical modeling of liver fibrosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2017; 14:143-164. [PMID: 27879125 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2017010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the formation of excessive fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, which occurs in reparative process or in response to inflammation. Fibrotic diseases are characterized by abnormal excessive deposition of fibrous proteins, such as collagen, and the disease is most commonly progressive, leading to organ disfunction and failure. Although fibrotic diseases evolve in a similar way in all organs, differences may occur as a result of structure and function of the specific organ. In liver fibrosis, the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of the disease is biopsy, which is invasive and cannot be repeated frequently. For this reason there is currently a great interest in identifying non-invasive biomarkers for liver fibrosis. In this paper, we develop for the first time a mathematical model of liver fibrosis by a system of partial differential equations. We use the model to explore the efficacy of potential and currently used drugs aimed at blocking the progression of liver fibrosis. We also use the model to develop a diagnostic tool based on a combination of two biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute and Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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The cellular and signalling alterations conducted by TGF-β contributing to renal fibrosis. Cytokine 2016; 88:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shen ZJ, Hu J, Shiizaki K, Kuro-o M, Malter JS. Phosphate-Induced Renal Fibrosis Requires the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150093. [PMID: 26914452 PMCID: PMC4767802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis is a common, destructive endpoint for a variety of kidney diseases. Fibrosis is well correlated with the loss of kidney function in both humans and rodents. The identification of modulators of fibrosis could provide novel therapeutic approaches to reducing disease progression or severity. Here, we show that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is an important molecular contributor that facilitates renal fibrosis in a well-characterized animal model. While wild-type mice fed a high phosphate diet (HPD) for 8–12 weeks developed calcium deposition, macrophage infiltration and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the kidney interstitium, Pin1 null mice showed significantly less pathology. The serum Pi in both WT and KO mice were significantly increased by the HPD, but the serum Ca was slightly decreased in KO compared to WT. In addition, both WT and KO HPD mice had less weight gain but exhibited normal organ mass (kidney, lung, spleen, liver and heart). Unexpectedly, renal function was not initially impaired in either genotype irrespective of the HPD. Our results suggest that diet containing high Pi induces rapid renal fibrosis before a significant impact on renal function and that Pin1 plays an important role in the fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZJS); (JSM)
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Shiizaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - James S. Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZJS); (JSM)
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Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Wang S, Lan HY. Macrophages promote renal fibrosis through direct and indirect mechanisms. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2014; 4:34-38. [PMID: 26312148 PMCID: PMC4536961 DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close spatial and temporal relationship between macrophage accumulation and active renal fibrosis in human and experimental kidney disease. Different subtypes of macrophages have been identified. Pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages can cause acute tissue injury, whereas pro-fibrotic M2-type macrophages can drive the fibrotic response during ongoing tissue injury. Macrophages induce fibrosis through the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that supports a direct fibrotic role for macrophages via transition into myofibroblasts in a process termed macrophage–myofibroblast transition (MMT). Co-expression of macrophage and myofibroblast antigens identifies the MMT process both in human and experimental fibrotic kidney disease. This co-expression identifies a bone marrow–derived monocyte/macrophage source for a substantial proportion of the myofibroblast population present during renal fibrosis. This postulated MMT pathway represents a new mechanism linking macrophage-rich acute inflammation with the progression to myofibroblast accumulation and renal fibrosis. Further studies are required to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating the MMT process, which macrophage populations can undergo MMT, and to define the functional contribution of MMT to active collagen deposition during renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, SAR, China
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