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Delanghe JR, Delrue C, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. The potential role of vitamin D binding protein in kidney disease: a comprehensive review. Acta Clin Belg 2024; 79:130-142. [PMID: 38166537 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2023.2301278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health concern with a complex etiological landscape. Among the numerous factors implicated, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has emerged as a focal point of scientific studies because of its critical role in vitamin D metabolism and immune modulation. The relationship between VDBP and CKD reveals a complex web of molecular and biochemical details that have great potential for improving diagnostic understanding and treatment strategies for CKD. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of VDBP, including its molecular dynamics, interactions with vitamin D, and subsequent implications for kidney function. The main focus of the discussion is how VDBP affects bone mineral homeostasis, highlighted by the dysregulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, which is a part of the pathophysiology of CKD. The discussion also touches on the immunomodulatory scope of VDBP and how it may reduce the chronic inflammatory environment that accompanies CKD. The diagnostic potential of VDBP as a biomarker for CKD has been rigorously examined, highlighting its capacity to improve early detection and prognostic assessment. Modification of VDBP activity has the potential to slow the course of CKD and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, a detailed examination of the genetic polymorphisms of VDBP and their implications for CKD susceptibility and treatment responsiveness provides a perspective for personalized medical methods. Prospects for the future depend on the expansion of studies that try to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the VDBP-CKD interaction, in addition to clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of VDBP-focused treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Ghent University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Lu J, Xu X, Sun X, Du Y. Protein and peptide-based renal targeted drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2024; 366:65-84. [PMID: 38145662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Renal diseases have become an increasingly concerned public health problem in the world. Kidney-targeted drug delivery has profound transformative potential on increasing renal efficacy and reducing extra-renal toxicity. Protein and peptide-based kidney targeted drug delivery systems have garnered more and more attention due to its controllable synthesis, high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. At the same time, the targeting methods based on protein/peptide are also abundant, including passive renal targeting based on macromolecular protein and active targeting mediated by renal targeting peptide. Here, we review the application and the drug loading strategy of different proteins or peptides in targeted drug delivery, including the ferritin family, albumin, low molecular weight protein (LMWP), different peptide sequence and antibodies. In addition, we summarized the factors influencing passive and active targeting in drug delivery system, the main receptors related to active targeting in different kidney diseases, and a variety of nano forms of proteins based on the controllable synthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- College of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Innovation Center of Translational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
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Mboni-Johnston IM, Kouidrat NMZ, Hirsch C, Weber AG, Meißner A, Adjaye J, Schupp N. Sensitivity of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Thereof Differentiated Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells towards Selected Nephrotoxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:81. [PMID: 38203251 PMCID: PMC10779191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) are constantly exposed to potentially toxic metabolites and xenobiotics. The regenerative potential of the kidney enables the replacement of damaged cells either via the differentiation of stem cells or the re-acquisition of proliferative properties of the PTEC. Nevertheless, it is known that renal function declines, suggesting that the deteriorated cells are not replaced by fully functional cells. To understand the possible causes of this loss of kidney cell function, it is crucial to understand the role of toxins during the regeneration process. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity and function of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), hiPSC differentiating, and hiPSC differentiated into proximal tubular epithelial-like cells (PTELC) to known nephrotoxins. hiPSC were differentiated into PTELC, which exhibited similar morphology to PTEC, expressed prototypical PTEC markers, and were able to undergo albumin endocytosis. When treated with two nephrotoxins, hiPSC and differentiating hiPSC were more sensitive to cisplatin than differentiated PTELC, whereas all stages were equally sensitive to cyclosporin A. Both toxins also had an inhibitory effect on albumin uptake. Our results suggest a high sensitivity of differentiating cells towards toxins, which could have an unfavorable effect on regenerative processes. To study this, our model of hiPSC differentiating into PTELC appears suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Musong Mboni-Johnston
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (I.M.M.-J.); (N.M.Z.K.); (C.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Nazih Mohamed Zakari Kouidrat
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (I.M.M.-J.); (N.M.Z.K.); (C.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Cornelia Hirsch
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (I.M.M.-J.); (N.M.Z.K.); (C.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Andreas Georg Weber
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (I.M.M.-J.); (N.M.Z.K.); (C.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexander Meißner
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (I.M.M.-J.); (N.M.Z.K.); (C.H.); (A.M.)
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children (ZCR), EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College London (UCL), 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Nicole Schupp
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (I.M.M.-J.); (N.M.Z.K.); (C.H.); (A.M.)
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Thévenod F, Herbrechter R, Schlabs C, Pethe A, Lee WK, Wolff NA, Roussa E. Role of the SLC22A17/lipocalin-2 receptor in renal endocytosis of proteins/metalloproteins: a focus on iron- and cadmium-binding proteins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F564-F577. [PMID: 37589051 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein SLC22A17 [or the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/lipocalin-2 (LCN2)/24p3 receptor] is an atypical member of the SLC22 family of organic anion and cation transporters: it does not carry typical substrates of SLC22 transporters but mediates receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) of LCN2. One important task of the kidney is the prevention of urinary loss of proteins filtered by the glomerulus by bulk reabsorption of multiple ligands via megalin:cubilin:amnionless-mediated endocytosis in the proximal tubule (PT). Accordingly, overflow, glomerular, or PT damage, as in Fanconi syndrome, results in proteinuria. Strikingly, up to 20% of filtered proteins escape the PT under physiological conditions and are reabsorbed by the distal nephron. The renal distal tubule and collecting duct express SLC22A17, which mediates RME of filtered proteins that evade the PT but with limited capacity to prevent proteinuria under pathological conditions. The kidney also prevents excretion of filtered essential and nonessential transition metals, such as iron or cadmium, respectively, that are largely bound to proteins with high affinity, e.g., LCN2, transferrin, or metallothionein, or low affinity, e.g., microglobulins or albumin. Hence, increased uptake of transition metals may cause nephrotoxicity. Here, we assess the literature on SLC22A17 structure, topology, tissue distribution, regulation, and assumed functions, emphasizing renal SLC22A17, which has relevance for physiology, pathology, and nephrotoxicity due to the accumulation of proteins complexed with transition metals, e.g., cadmium or iron. Other putative renal functions of SLC22A17, such as its contribution to osmotic stress adaptation, protection against urinary tract infection, or renal carcinogenesis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robin Herbrechter
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Carolin Schlabs
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Abhishek Pethe
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Natascha A Wolff
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Chen H, Ni L, Wu X. Performance of urinary vitamin D-binding protein in diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2256415. [PMID: 37870829 PMCID: PMC11001313 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2256415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the correlation between urinary vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) and diabetic kidney disease and to evaluate the relationship between urinary VDBP and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), renal function indicators [estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN)] and glycaemic control indices [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG)].Methods: We searched the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases up to May 31, 2023, for relevant literature. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis.Results: Ultimately, 9 articles were included. Due to heterogeneity in the pooled results, the random-effects model was chosen. Meta-analysis results showed that the urinary VDBP concentrations in the normal albuminuria diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group [SMD 1.52, 95% CI (0.84, 2.19), p < 0.00001]. The urinary VDBP concentrations in the microalbuminuria diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the normal albuminuria diabetes group [SMD 1.81, 95% CI (1.40, 2.21), p < 0.00001]. The urinary VDBP concentrations in the macroalbuminuria diabetes group were also significantly higher than those in the microalbuminuria diabetes group [SMD 1.51, 95% CI (1.05, 1.96), p < 0.00001]. In addition, urinary VDBP was positively correlated with the ACR, CR, BUN and HbA1c [Summary r = 0.73, 95% CI (0.54, 0.85), p < 0.0001; Summary r = 0.38, 95% CI (0.10, 0.61), p = 0.009; Summary r = 0.37, 95% CI (0.16, 0.55), p = 0.0008; Summary r = 0.40, 95% CI (0.13, 0.62), p = 0.005, respectively] and tended to be negatively correlated with the eGFR [Summary r = -0.64, 95% CI (-0.92, 0.10), p = 0.08] but was not significantly correlated with the FPG [Summary r = 0.16, 95% CI (-0.03, 0.33), p = 0.10]. Sensitivity analysis showed that our pooled results are robust.Conclusion: Urinary VDBP may be used as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of DKD and can be used to assess the severity of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshuang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Yu F, Wang L, Yuan H, Gao Z, He L, Hu F. Wasp venom-induced acute kidney injury: current progress and prospects. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2259230. [PMID: 38376456 PMCID: PMC10512847 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2259230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Wasp venom can trigger local and systemic reactions, with the kidneys being commonly affected, potentially causing acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite of the recent advances, our knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and targeted therapies remain poor. AKI can result from direct nephrotoxic effects of the wasp venom or secondary rhabdomyolysis and intravascular hemolysis, which will release myoglobin and free hemoglobin. Inflammatory responses play a central role in these pathological mechanisms. Noteworthily, the successful establishment of a suitable experimental model can assist in basic research and clinical advancements related to wasp venom-induced AKI. The combination of therapeutic plasma exchange and continuous renal replacement therapy appears to be the preferred treatment for wasp venom-induced AKI. In addition, studies on cilastatin and varespladib for wasp venom-induced AKI treatment have shown their potential as therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the available evidence on the mechanisms and treatment of wasp venom-induced AKI, with a particular focus on the role of inflammatory responses and potential targets for therapeutic drugs, and, therefore, aiming to support the development of clinical treatment against wasp venom-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Yu
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Fengqi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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Jacquot L, Pointeau O, Roger-Villeboeuf C, Passilly-Degrace P, Belkaid R, Regazzoni I, Leemput J, Buch C, Demizieux L, Vergès B, Degrace P, Crater G, Jourdan T. Therapeutic potential of a novel peripherally restricted CB1R inverse agonist on the progression of diabetic nephropathy. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2023; 3:1138416. [PMID: 37675364 PMCID: PMC10479578 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1138416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study assessed the efficacy of INV-202, a novel peripherally restricted cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonist, in a streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes nephropathy mouse model. Methods Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old C57BL6/J male mice via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg/day for 5 days); nondiabetic controls received citrate buffer. Diabetic mice were randomized to 3 groups based on blood glucose, polyuria, and albuminuria, and administered daily oral doses for 28-days of INV-202 at 0.3 or 3 mg/kg or vehicle. Results INV-202 did not affect body weight but decreased kidney weight compared with the vehicle group. While polyuria was unaffected by INV-202 treatment, urinary urea (control 30.77 ± 14.93; vehicle 189.81 ± 31.49; INV-202 (0.3 mg/kg) 127.76 ± 20; INV-202 (3 mg/kg) 93.70 ± 24.97 mg/24h) and albumin (control 3.06 ± 0.38; vehicle 850.08 ± 170.50; INV-202 (0.3 mg/kg) 290.65 ± 88.70; INV-202 (3 mg/kg) 111.29 ± 33.47 µg/24h) excretion both decreased compared with vehicle-treated diabetic mice. Compared with the vehicle group, there was a significant improvement in the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio across INV-202 groups. Regardless of the dose, INV-202 significantly reduced angiotensin II excretion in diabetic mice. The treatment also decreased Agtr1a renal expression in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with nondiabetic controls, the glomerular filtration rate was increased in the vehicle group and significantly decreased by INV-202 at 3 mg/kg. While the vehicle group showed a significant loss in the mean number of podocytes per glomerulus, INV-202 treatment limited podocyte loss in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in both INV-202 groups, expression of genes coding for podocyte structural proteins nephrin (Nphs1), podocin (Nphs2), and podocalyxin (Pdxl) were restored to levels similar to nondiabetic controls. INV-202 partially limited the proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) hyperplasia and normalized genetic markers for PTEC lesions. INV-202 also reduced expression of genes contributing to oxidative stress (Nox2, Nox4, and P47phox) and inflammation (Tnf). In addition, diabetes-induced renal fibrosis was significantly reduced by INV-202. Conclusions INV-202 reduced glomerular injury, preserved podocyte structure and function, reduced injury to PTECs, and ultimately reduced renal fibrosis in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy mouse model. These results suggest that INV-202 may represent a new therapeutic option in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Jacquot
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Océane Pointeau
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Célia Roger-Villeboeuf
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Passilly-Degrace
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Rim Belkaid
- ImaFlow core facility, UMR1231 INSERM, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Isaline Regazzoni
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julia Leemput
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Chloé Buch
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Demizieux
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Tony Jourdan
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia research group, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1231) Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Rasmussen MQ, Tindbæk G, Nielsen MM, Merrild C, Steiniche T, Pedersen JS, Moestrup SK, Degn SE, Madsen M. Epigenetic Silencing of LRP2 Is Associated with Dedifferentiation and Poor Survival in Multiple Solid Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061830. [PMID: 36980716 PMCID: PMC10046670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of human cancers originate in epithelial tissues. Loss of epithelial cell characteristics are hallmarks of tumor development. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a key function of absorptive epithelial cells with importance for cellular and organismal homeostasis. LRP2 (megalin) is the largest known endocytic membrane receptor and is essential for endocytosis of various ligands in specialized epithelia, including the proximal tubules of the kidney, the thyroid gland, and breast glandular epithelium. However, the role and regulation of LRP2 in cancers that arise from these tissues has not been delineated. Here, we examined the expression of LRP2 across 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas. As expected, the highest levels of LRP2 were found in cancer types that arise from LRP2-expressing absorptive epithelial cells. However, in a subset of tumors from these cancer types, we observed epigenetic silencing of LRP2. LRP2 expression showed a strong inverse correlation to methylation of a specific CpG site (cg02361027) in the first intron of the LRP2 gene. Interestingly, low expression of LRP2 was associated with poor patient outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and invasive breast carcinoma. Furthermore, loss of LRP2 expression was associated with dedifferentiated histological and molecular subtypes of these cancers. These observations now motivate further studies on the functional role of LRP2 in tumors of epithelial origin and the potential use of LRP2 as a cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gitte Tindbæk
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Horsens Regional Hospital, 8700 Horsens, Denmark
| | - Morten Muhlig Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Merrild
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skou Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center (BiRC), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren E Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Yu A, Zhao J, Peng W, Yadav SPS, Molitoris BA, Wagner MC, Mechref Y. Proteomics profiling of kidney brush border membrane from rats using LC-MS/MS analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200063. [PMID: 36189891 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a reduced renal function, that is, glomerular filtration rate, and the extent of kidney damage is assessed by determining serum creatinine levels and proteins in urine, diagnosed as proteinuria/albuminuria. Albuminuria increases with age and can result from glomerular and/or proximal tubule (PT) alterations. Brush border membranes (BBMs) on PT cells are important in maintaining the stability of PT functions. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An LC-MS/MS bottom-up proteomics analysis of BBMs from four groups of rat models was applied to investigate protein abundance alterations associated with CKD progression. Moreover, systems biology analyses were used to identify key proteins that can provide insight into the different regulated molecular pathways and processes associated with CKD. RESULTS Our results indicated that 303 proteins showed significantly altered expressions from the severe CKD BBM group when compared to the control. Focusing on renal diseases, several proteins including Ctnnb1, Fah, and Icam1 were annotated to kidney damage and urination disorder. The up-regulation of Ctnnb1 (β-catenin) could contribute to CKD through the regulation of the WNT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, the study of protein abundance changes in BBMs from rat models helps to reveal protein corrections with important pathways and regulator effects involved in CKD. Although this study is focused on rat models, the results provided more information for a deeper insight into possible CKD mechanisms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shiv Pratap S Yadav
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark C Wagner
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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10
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Corridon PR. Still finding ways to augment the existing management of acute and chronic kidney diseases with targeted gene and cell therapies: Opportunities and hurdles. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143028. [PMID: 36960337 PMCID: PMC10028138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of acute and chronic kidney diseases has increased the demand for renal replacement therapy. This issue, compounded with the limited availability of viable kidneys for transplantation, has propelled the search for alternative strategies to address the growing health and economic burdens associated with these conditions. In the search for such alternatives, significant efforts have been devised to augment the current and primarily supportive management of renal injury with novel regenerative strategies. For example, gene- and cell-based approaches that utilize recombinant peptides/proteins, gene, cell, organoid, and RNAi technologies have shown promising outcomes primarily in experimental models. Supporting research has also been conducted to improve our understanding of the critical aspects that facilitate the development of efficient gene- and cell-based techniques that the complex structure of the kidney has traditionally limited. This manuscript is intended to communicate efforts that have driven the development of such therapies by identifying the vectors and delivery routes needed to drive exogenous transgene incorporation that may support the treatment of acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Peter R. Corridon,
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11
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Han J, Cui L, Yu F, Wang R, Yuan H, Hu F. Megalin blockade with cilastatin ameliorates multiple wasp sting-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Toxicon 2022; 220:106960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Araújo Galdino O, de Souza Gomes I, Ferreira de Almeida Júnior R, Conceição Ferreira de Carvalho MI, Abreu BJ, Abbott Galvão Ururahy M, Cabral B, Zucolotto Langassner SM, Costa de Souza KS, Augusto de Rezende A. The nephroprotective action of Passiflora edulis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17546. [PMID: 36266308 PMCID: PMC9584925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Passiflora edulis fruit peel aqueous (AFA) extract as an adjuvant to insulin to confer nephroprotection against streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups based on treatment received for 60 days: diabetic (DB), control (CTL), insulin (INS), and insulin + AFA extract (INS + AFA). mRNA and protein expression levels of podocyte (nephrin, podocin, and WT1) and tubular (megalin) proteins were measured in kidney tissue specimens and urine. Biochemical parameters and kidney histopathology were also examined. Herein, the INS + AFA group showed superior glycemic control, which resulted in the reduction of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, maintenance of baseline levels of Nphs1, Nphs2, Wt1, and Lrp2 mRNA expression, prevention of protein loss from the kidney tissue into the urinary space, along with the maintenance of glomerular basement membrane thickness, hyalinization, glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis at values approximating those of the CTL group and significantly lower than those in the DB group. Therefore, these results suggest that, as an anti-diabetic agent, the AFA extract adjuvant to insulin could reduce and potentially prevent diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ony Araújo Galdino
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Iago de Souza Gomes
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Renato Ferreira de Almeida Júnior
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Maria Imaculada Conceição Ferreira de Carvalho
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Bento João Abreu
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Barbara Cabral
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | | | - Karla Simone Costa de Souza
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petrópolis, Natal, RN CEP: 59012-570 Brazil
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13
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Elsakka EGE, Mokhtar MM, Hegazy M, Ismail A, Doghish AS. Megalin, a multi-ligand endocytic receptor, and its participation in renal function and diseases: A review. Life Sci 2022; 308:120923. [PMID: 36049529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocytosis mechanism is a complicated system that is essential for cell signaling and survival. Megalin, a membrane-associated endocytic receptor, and its related proteins such as cubilin, the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG, and NaPi-IIa are important in receptors-mediated endocytosis. Physiologically, megalin uptakes plasma vitamins and proteins from primary urine, preventing their loss. It also facilitates tubular retrieval of solutes and endogenous components that may be involved in modulation and recovery from kidney injuries. Moreover, megalin is responsible for endocytosis of xenobiotics and drugs in renal tubules, increasing their half-life and/or their toxicity. Fluctuations in megalin expression and/or functionality due to changes in its regulatory mechanisms are associated with some sort of kidney injury. Also, it's an important component of several pathological conditions, including diabetic nephropathy and Dent disease. Thus, exploring the fundamental role of megalin in the kidney might help in the protection and/or treatment of multiple kidney-related diseases. Hence, this review aimed to explore the physiological roles of megalin in the kidney and their implications for kidney-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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Maghbooli Z, Ebrahimi Meimand S, Malek Hosseini AA, Shirvani A. Alterations in circulating levels of vitamin D binding protein, total and bioavailability of vitamin D in diabetic retinopathy patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35778716 PMCID: PMC9250226 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association between circulating levels of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and its genotypes and diabetic retinopathy risk. METHODS This case-control study recruited 154 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; 62 with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 92 without DR and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and VDBP levels were measured in the patients. The genotype and phenotype of VDBP were evaluated based on two common VDBP variations; rs7041 and rs4588. RESULTS Serum levels of VDBP were significantly lower in patients with DR than in patients without DR and/or DN (Ln-VDBP (μg/ml): 6.14 ± 0.92 vs. 6.73 ± 1.45, p = 0.001) even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HbA1C, insulin therapy profile, and serum levels of 25(OH)D. The distribution of VDBP phenotypes and genotypes in the two studied groups were nearly the same, and the distribution was similar to that of the general population. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found the association between lower circulating levels of VDBP and risk of DR. However, the precise mechanism linking these two remains unknown. Further and more in-depth research is needed to find out the underlying causes of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali-Asghar Malek Hosseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Kolbrink B, von Samson-Himmelstjerna FA, Messtorff ML, Riebeling T, Nische R, Schmitz J, Bräsen JH, Kunzendorf U, Krautwald S. Vitamin K1 inhibits ferroptosis and counteracts a detrimental effect of phenprocoumon in experimental acute kidney injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:387. [PMID: 35763128 PMCID: PMC9239973 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and other types of cell death, is characterized by lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has highlighted vital roles for ferroptosis in multiple diseases, including acute kidney injury. Therefore, ferroptosis has become a major focus for translational research. However, despite its involvement in pathological conditions, there are no pharmacologic inhibitors of ferroptosis in clinical use. In the context of drug repurposing, a strategy for identifying new uses for approved drugs outside the original medical application, we discovered that vitamin K1 is an efficient inhibitor of ferroptosis. Our findings are strengthened by the fact that the vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon significantly exacerbated ferroptotic cell death in vitro and also massively worsened the course of acute kidney injury in vivo, which is of utmost clinical importance. We therefore assign vitamin K1 a novel role in preventing ferroptotic cell death in acute tubular necrosis during acute kidney injury. Since the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of vitamin K1 formulations are well documented, this drug is primed for clinical application, and provides a new strategy for pharmacological control of ferroptosis and diseases associated with this mode of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kolbrink
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Fleckenstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Maja Lucia Messtorff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Fleckenstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Theresa Riebeling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Fleckenstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raphael Nische
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Fleckenstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunzendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Fleckenstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Fleckenstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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16
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Wen L, Wang X, Ji F, Wen J, Zhao Z. Renal Megalin mRNA Downregulation Is Associated with CKD Progression in IgA Nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:481-489. [PMID: 35661648 DOI: 10.1159/000524929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Megalin plays an important role in proximal tubule uptake of filtered proteins. Downregulation and dysfunction of megalin were previously demonstrated in IgA nephropathy (IgAN); however, its relationship to IgAN progression remains unclear. METHODS We measured renal megalin mRNA and miR-148b, previously identified as a regulator of megalin, in a retrospective cohort of 417 IgAN patients at the time of biopsy, and evaluated their associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression event, defined as end-stage renal disease or ≥40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, using Cox proportional hazard models. Risk classification statistics were calculated for CKD progression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 43 months, 121 (29.0%) patients reached the CKD progression event. Patients in the highest tertile of renal megalin mRNA had a lower risk for CKD progression than in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio (HR): 0.407, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.231-0.719; p = 0.002). Log megalin mRNA was independent and negatively associated with CKD progression in IgAN (HR: 0.529, 95% CI 0.377-0.742; p < 0.001). The addition of renal megalin mRNA to a model with traditional risk factors improved risk prediction of disease progression (C statistic from 0.76 to 0.80; integrated discrimination index: 0.04 [95% CI: 0.02-0.07]). Moreover, patients in the highest tertile of renal miR-148b had a 2.3-fold higher risk for CKD progression compared with those in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS Lower renal megalin mRNA levels were associated with a greater risk of CKD progression in IgAN independent of clinical and pathological characteristics, suggesting that renal megalin could be an important prognostic factor for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengping Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Buelli S, Locatelli M, Carminati CE, Corna D, Cerullo D, Imberti B, Perico L, Brigotti M, Abbate M, Zoja C, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Morigi M. Shiga Toxin 2 Triggers C3a-Dependent Glomerular and Tubular Injury through Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111755. [PMID: 35681450 PMCID: PMC9179250 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli is the predominant offending agent of post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a rare disorder of microvascular thrombosis and acute kidney injury possibly leading to long-term renal sequelae. We previously showed that C3a has a critical role in the development of glomerular damage in experimental HUS. Based on the evidence that activation of C3a/C3a receptor (C3aR) signaling induces mitochondrial dysregulation and cell injury, here we investigated whether C3a caused podocyte and tubular injury through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of HUS. Mice coinjected with Stx2/LPS exhibited glomerular podocyte and tubular C3 deposits and C3aR overexpression associated with cell damage, which were limited by C3aR antagonist treatment. C3a promoted renal injury by affecting mitochondrial wellness as demonstrated by data showing that C3aR blockade reduced mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities and preserved mitochondrial mass and energy production. In cultured podocytes and tubular cells, C3a caused altered mitochondrial fragmentation and distribution, and reduced anti-oxidant SOD2 activity. Stx2 potentiated the responsiveness of renal cells to the detrimental effects of C3a through increased C3aR protein expression. These results indicate that C3aR may represent a novel target in Stx-associated HUS for the preservation of renal cell integrity through the maintenance of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Buelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-035-42131; Fax: +39-035-319-331
| | - Monica Locatelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Claudia Elisa Carminati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Barbara Imberti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurizio Brigotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mauro Abbate
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Morigi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.E.C.); (D.C.); (D.C.); (B.I.); (L.P.); (M.A.); (C.Z.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (M.M.)
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Li M, Yang X, Masoudi A, Xiao Q, Li N, Wang N, Chang G, Ren S, Li H, Liu J, Wang H. The regulatory strategy of proteins in the mouse kidney during Babesia microti infection. Exp Parasitol 2022; 235:108232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gray EA, Patel SN, Doris PA, Hussain T. Combining Neprilysin Inhibitor With AT2R Agonist Is Superior to Combination With AT1R Blocker in Providing Reno-Protection in Obese Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:778953. [PMID: 35197849 PMCID: PMC8859315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of the combination therapy of the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker valsartan is known to be associated with albuminuria. Albuminuria is both a risk factor for and an indicator of kidney injury. Earlier work from our laboratory reported that the agonist of angiotensin II type 2 receptor Compound 21 (C21) prevents proteinuria, albuminuria, and is reno-protective in obese Zucker rats fed high salt diet (HSD). Thus, we hypothesized that sacubitril/C21 combination provides superior reno-protection compared to sacubitril/valsartan. Male obese Zucker rats 10–11 weeks old were treated daily with vehicle, sacubitril + C21, or sacubitril + valsartan while fed HSD for 16 days. HSD-feeding caused kidney dysfunction, evident by significant increases in urinary protein, osteopontin, and cystatin C. HSD-feeding lowered plasma cystatin C and creatinine concentrations suggestive of hyperfiltration, which was not affected by either treatment. Unlike sacubitril/valsartan, sacubitril/C21 treatment significantly decreases proteinuria, albuminuria, the expression of nephrin, and kidney weight, independent of hyperfiltration, compared with HSD alone. Moreover, sacubitril/valsartan therapy increased plasma renin and did not prevent HSD-induced increases in renal angiotensin II, while sacubitril/C21 completely prevented these changes. Together, this study suggests that sacubitril/C21 afforded superior reno-protection compared to sacubitril/valsartan therapy in high salt-fed obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Alana Gray
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanket N. Patel
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter A. Doris
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Tahir Hussain,
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20
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Kidney tubule iron loading in experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1199. [PMID: 35075227 PMCID: PMC8786831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney iron deposition may play a role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury during chronic kidney disease. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of kidney iron loading in experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and investigated the effect of iron-reducing interventions on disease progression. Thy-1.1 mice were injected with anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to induce proteinuria. Urine, blood and tissue were collected at day (D)1, D5, D8, D15 and D22 after mAb injection. Thy-1.1 mice were subjected to captopril (CA), iron-deficient (ID) diet or iron chelation (deferoxamine; DFO). MAb injection resulted in significant albuminuria at all time points (p < 0.01). Kidney iron loading, predominantly in distal tubules, increased in time, along with urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and 24p3 concentration, as well as kidney mRNA expression of Interleukin-6 (Il-6) and Heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1). Treatment with CA, ID diet or DFO significantly reduced kidney iron deposition at D8 and D22 (p < 0.001) and fibrosis at D22 (p < 0.05), but not kidney Il-6. ID treatment increased kidney Ho-1 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, kidney iron accumulation coincides with progression of tubulointerstitial injury in this model of FSGS. Reduction of iron loading halts disease progression. However, targeted approaches to prevent excessive kidney iron loading are warranted to maintain the delicate systemic and cellular iron balance.
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Azouz AA, Hanna DA, Abo-Saif AA, Anwar Shehata Messiha B. Interference with megalin expression/endocytic function by montelukast mitigates gentamicin nephrotoxicity: Downregulation of ClC-5 expression. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:150-161. [PMID: 35528850 PMCID: PMC9072701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Viñas JL, Spence M, Porter CJ, Douvris A, Gutsol A, Zimpelmann JA, Campbell PA, Burns KD. micro-RNA-486-5p protects against kidney ischemic injury and modifies the apoptotic transcriptome in proximal tubules. Kidney Int 2021; 100:597-612. [PMID: 34181969 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) carries high morbidity and mortality, and effective treatments are lacking. Preclinical models support involvement of micro-RNAs (miRs) in AKI pathogenesis, although effects on the kidney transcriptome are unclear. We previously showed that injection of cord blood endothelial colony forming cell-derived exosomes, enriched in miR-486-5p, prevented ischemic AKI in mice. To further define this, we studied direct effects of miR-486-5p in mice with kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. RNA-Seq was used to compare the impact of miR-486-5p and exosomes on the transcriptome of proximal tubules and kidney endothelial cells 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. In mice with AKI, injection of miR-486-5p mimic increased its levels in proximal tubules and endothelial cells, and improved plasma creatinine, histological injury, neutrophil infiltration, and apoptosis. Additionally, miR-486-5p inhibited expression of its target phosphatase and tensin homolog, and activated protein kinase B. In proximal tubules, miR-486-5p or exosomes reduced expression of genes associated with ischemic injury and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway, and altered distinct apoptotic genes. In endothelial cells, genes associated with metabolic processes were altered by miR-486-5p or exosomes, although TNF pathway genes were not affected. Thus, our results suggest that miR-486-5p may have therapeutic potential in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Viñas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Spence
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, the Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrianna Douvris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Gutsol
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph A Zimpelmann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pearl A Campbell
- Regenerative Medicine Program, the Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin D Burns
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Abstract
Renal epithelial cells show remarkable regenerative capacity to recover from acute injury, which involves specific phenotypic changes, but also significant profibrotic tubule-interstitial crosstalk. Tubule-derived profibrotic stimuli and subsequent myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition have been linked closely with decline of renal function and nephron loss. However, recent data have questioned the view of purely detrimental effects of myofibroblast activation in the injured kidney and even suggested its beneficial role for epithelial regeneration. This article reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tubular cell turnover, new suggested pathways of proregenerative tubular-interstitial crosstalk, and relevant insights of proliferation-enhancing effects of myofibroblasts on epithelial cells in nonrenal tissues.
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24
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Bryniarski MA, Zhao B, Chaves LD, Mikkelsen JH, Yee BM, Yacoub R, Shen S, Madsen M, Morris ME. Immunoglobulin G Is a Novel Substrate for the Endocytic Protein Megalin. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 33677748 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies comprise the largest class of protein therapeutics. Several factors that influence their overall disposition have been well-characterized, including target-mediated mechanics and convective flow. What remains poorly defined is the potential for non-targeted entry into various tissues or cell types by means of uptake via cell surface receptors at those sites. Megalin and cubilin are large endocytic receptors whose cooperative function plays important physiological roles at the tissues in which they are expressed. One such example is the kidney, where loss of either results in significant declines in proximal tubule protein reabsorption. Due to their diverse ligand profile and broad tissue expression, megalin and cubilin represent potential candidates for receptor-mediated uptake of IgG into various epithelia. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to determine if IgG was a novel ligand of megalin and/or cubilin. Direct binding was measured for human IgG with both megalin and the cubilin/amnionless complex. Additional work focusing on the megalin-IgG interaction was then conducted to build upon these findings. Cell uptake studies using megalin ligands for competitive inhibition or proximal tubule cells stably transduced with megalin-targeted shRNA constructs supported a role for megalin in the endocytosis of human IgG. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic study using transgenic mice with a kidney-specific mosaic knockout of megalin demonstrated increased urinary excretion of human IgG in megalin knockout mice when compared to wild-type controls. These findings indicate that megalin is capable of binding and internalizing IgG via a high affinity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bryniarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Lee D Chaves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M Yee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
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25
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Noruzi S, Vatanchian M, Azimian A, Niroomand A, Salarinia R, Oroojalian F. Silencing SALL-4 Gene by Transfecting Small Interfering RNA with Targeted Aminoglycoside-Carboxyalkyl Polyethylenimine Nano-Polyplexes Reduced Migration of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 13:2-8. [PMID: 33680367 PMCID: PMC7903432 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i1.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of non-viral systems for delivering genes to cells is becoming a very interesting issue, especially in the treatment of neoplasms such as Breast Cancer (BC). Polymer-based non-viral systems are safe and feasible gene carriers to be used in targeted cancer therapy. SALL4 gene encodes a transcription factor and is overexpressed in some cancers. Methods: In this study, carboxyalkylated-PEI25 (25 kDa) was used to deliver plasmids expressing SALL4-siRNA into MCF-7 cells. DLS and AFM were applied to determine the size of nanoparticles. The MTT method was used to assess cytotoxicity, and the efficiency of transfection was confirmed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, the effect of silencing SALL4 was investigated on the migration of MCF7 cells using the scratch test. Results: The results showed that transferring the SALL4-siRNA using PEI25G10C50 reduced the expression of the corresponding transcription factor by 14 folds which attenuated the migration of MCF-7 cells by 58%. Conclusion: In conclusion, PEI25G10C50 can serve as an effective gene delivery system for treating BC by targeting SALL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehran Vatanchian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amir Azimian
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Arash Niroomand
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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26
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Long KR, Rbaibi Y, Gliozzi ML, Ren Q, Weisz OA. Differential kidney proximal tubule cell responses to protein overload by albumin and its ligands. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F851-F859. [PMID: 32068462 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00490.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria is frequently associated with proximal tubule (PT) cytotoxicity that can feed back to cause glomerular damage and exacerbate kidney disease. PT cells express megalin and cubilin receptors that bind to and internalize albumin over a broad concentration range. How the exposure to high concentrations of albumin leads to PT cytotoxicity remains unclear. Fatty acids and other ligands bound to albumin are known to trigger production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that impair PT function. Alternatively or in addition, uptake of high concentrations of albumin may overload the endocytic pathway and elicit downstream responses. Here, we used a well-differentiated PT cell culture model with high endocytic capacity to dissect the effects of albumin versus its ligands on endocytic uptake and degradation of albumin, production of ROS, and cell viability. Cellular responses differed dramatically, depending on the preparation of albumin tested. Knockdown of megalin or cubilin failed to prevent ROS production mediated by albumin ligands, suggesting that receptor-mediated internalization of albumin was not necessary to trigger cellular responses to albumin ligands. Moreover, albumin induced cytotoxic responses when added to the basolateral surface of PT cells. Whereas overnight incubation with high concentrations of fatty acid-free albumin had no overt effects on cell function or viability, lysosomal degradation kinetics were slowed upon longer exposure, consistent with overload of the PT endocytic/degradative pathway. Together, the results of our study demonstrate that the PT responds independently to albumin and to its ligands and suggest that the consequences of albumin overload in vivo may be dependent on metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Long
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Youssef Rbaibi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan L Gliozzi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qidong Ren
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Gao Y, Zhou S, Luu S, Glowacki J. Megalin mediates 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 actions in human mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:7684-7693. [PMID: 30893561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802578r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is stimulated by 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1α,25(OH)2D3] and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3]; the latter's effects require intracellular hydroxylation to 1α,25(OH)2D3. Thus, hMSCs are both a source of and target for 1α,25(OH)2D3. Megalin is a transmembrane receptor for serum d-binding protein (DBP) in kidney cells and is required for uptake of the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex. We tested the hypothesis that megalin is required for D actions in hMSCs with cells from surgically discarded marrow for RT-PCR, for effects of 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3, for 1α,25(OH)2D3 biosynthesis, for osteoblastogenesis, and for small interfering RNA for megalin (si-Meg) and control (si-Ctr). In hMSCs with high constitutive megalin expression, both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 stimulated osteoblastogenesis (P < 0.05), but only 1α,25(OH)2D3 did so in hMSCs with lower megalin (lo-Meg, P < 0.001) or in si-Meg cells (P < 0.05). In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 biosynthesis was significantly lower in lo-Meg (46%, P = 0.034) and in si-Meg (23%, P < 0.001) than each control. Leptin significantly stimulated megalin expression 2.1-fold in lo-Meg cells (P < 0.01). These studies show that megalin is expressed in hMSCs and is required for the biosynthesis of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and for the 25(OH)D3/DBP complex to stimulate vitamin D receptor targets and osteoblastogenesis.-Gao, Y., Zhou, S., Luu, S., Glowacki, J. Megalin mediates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 actions in human mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Luu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Renal miR-148b is associated with megalin down-regulation in IgA nephropathy. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181578. [PMID: 30355654 PMCID: PMC6239259 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is essential for proximal tubule reabsorption of filtered proteins, hormones, and vitamins, and its dysfunction has been reported in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). miR-148b has been shown to regulate renal megalin expression in vitro and in animal models of kidney disease. We examined a potential role of miR-148b and other miRNAs in regulating megalin expression in IgAN by analyzing the association between megalin and miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-192 expression. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis identified a marked increase in renal levels of several miRNAs, including miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, and a significant decrease in megalin mRNA levels in IgAN patients when compared with normal controls. By multiple linear regression analysis, however, only renal miR-148b was independently associated with megalin mRNA levels in IgAN. Proximal tubule megalin expression was further evaluated by immunofluorescence labeling of biopsies from the patients. The megalin expression was significantly lower in patients with highest levels of renal miR-148b compared with patients with lowest levels. To examine the direct effects of the miRNAs on megalin and other membrane proteins expression, proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells were transfected with miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, or miR-192 mimics. Transfection with miR-148b mimic, but not the other three miRNA mimics inhibited endogenous megalin mRNA expression. No significant effect of any of the four miRNA mimics was observed on cubilin or aquaporin 1 (AQP1) mRNA expression. The findings suggest that miR-148b negatively regulates megalin expression in IgAN, which may affect renal uptake and metabolism of essential substances.
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29
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Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Targeting renal fibrosis: Mechanisms and drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:295-307. [PMID: 29288033 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common outcome of many chronic kidney diseases (CKD) independent of the underlying etiology. Despite a host of promising experimental data, currently available strategies only ameliorate or delay the progression of CKD but do not reverse fibrosis. One of the major impediments of translating novel antifibrotic strategies from bench to bedside is due to the intricacies of the drug delivery process. In this review, we briefly describe mechanisms of renal fibrosis and methods of drug transfer into the kidney. Various tools used in gene therapy to administer nucleic acids in vivo are discussed. Furthermore, we review the modes of action of protein- or peptide-based drugs with target-specific antibodies and cytokines incorporated in hydrogels. Additionally, we assess an intriguing new method to deliver drugs specifically to tubular epithelial cells via conjugation with ligands binding to the megalin receptor. Finally, plant-derived compounds with antifibrotic properties are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Avenue, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
The incidence of acute kidney injury in the elderly has grown over the past decade. One of the primary drivers is drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which is the result of a combination of the unique susceptibilities to kidney injury and the increased use of medications in the elderly population. Specific drug classes are associated with increased rates of kidney injury including agents that block the renin angiotensin system, antimicrobials, and chemotherapeutic agents. Mechanistically, injury may be due to hemodynamic effects, tubular or glomerular toxicity, and interstitial nephritis. Early recognition of nephrotoxicity is critical, as are preventative steps when applicable. Unfortunately, treatment for established drug-induced kidney injury is limited and supportive care is required. Limiting exposure to nephrotoxic drugs is critical in decreasing the incidence of acute kidney injury in the elderly patient.
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31
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Fawzy MS, Abu AlSel BT. Assessment of Vitamin D-Binding Protein and Early Prediction of Nephropathy in Type 2 Saudi Diabetic Patients. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8517929. [PMID: 29850609 PMCID: PMC5903345 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8517929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a great challenge in an attempt to reduce the burden of chronic kidney diseases in diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the potential early prediction role of urinary vitamin D-binding protein (uVDBP) for the diagnosis of DN and to examine the possible correlation to serum VDBP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and insulin resistance in these patients. Serum and urine samples were obtained from 40 healthy volunteers and 120 patients with type 2 diabetes divided into 3 groups: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate < 30, 30-300, and >300 μg/mg, resp.); n = 40/group. Serum and urinary VDBP levels were quantified by ELISA. Insulin resistance has been assessed by homeostasis model assessment index (HOMAI). Correction for urine creatinine concentration was applied for urinary quantitative measurements. uVDBP levels were significantly elevated in micro- and macroalbuminuria patient groups compared with those of the normoalbuminuria patient group and controls (820.4 ± 402.8 and 1458.1 ± 210.0 compared with 193.1 ± 141.0 and 127.7 ± 21.9 ng/mg, resp.) (P < 0.001). There was significant correlation between serum and urinary levels of VDBP in total patient group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of uVDBP levels showed optimum cut-off value of 216.0 ng/mg corresponding to 98.8% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity and an area under the curve of 0.973 to discriminate the normoalbuminuria from the microalbuminuria groups. In multivariate analysis, ordination plot showed obvious demarcation between the study groups caused by the higher levels of uVDBP and albumin/creatinine ratio among other variables. The study findings suggested a possible clinical application of uVDPB as an early and a good marker for the detection of early renal disease in type 2 DM Saudi patients. Large-scale validation studies are warranted to confirm the results before including uVDBP with the available list of other conventional biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Baraah T. Abu AlSel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Elshaer SS, Anwar HM. Relevance of megalin receptor injury with nuclear factor-kappa B upregulation in acute kidney injury induced in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [PMID: 29286200 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proximal tubule protein take-up is interceded by 2 receptors, megalin and cubilin. These receptors rescue an assortment of filtered ligands including fundamental vitamins and hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential relation of megalin receptor injury with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) upregulation in acute kidney injury rat model. Twenty four rats were allocated into two groups: control group received saline, while the second group was intoxicated with cadmium chloride (2.4 mg Cd/kg/day i.p) for 30 days. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, tissue oxidant-antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA] and reduced glutathione [GSH]) and expression levels for NF-κB, toll like receptor-2 (TLR2), toll like receptor-4 (TLR4), and megalin receptor were estimated. Noticeable downregulation of megalin receptor versus upregulation of NF-κB, TLR2, and TLR4 were observed in AKI rat model together with significant elevation in MDA as well as significant reduction in GSH. The study concluded that the oxidative stress in kidney tissue leads to megalin receptor damage, which indeed motivates upregulation of NF-κB through TLRs 2 and 4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacy Faculty for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
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33
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Endocytic receptor LRP2/megalin—of holoprosencephaly and renal Fanconi syndrome. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:907-916. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Wen L, Andersen PK, Husum DMU, Nørregaard R, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Birn H. MicroRNA-148b regulates megalin expression and is associated with receptor downregulation in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F210-F217. [PMID: 28331063 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00585.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is a multiligand, endocytic receptor that is important for the normal, proximal tubule reabsorption of filtered proteins, hormones, enzymes, essential nutrients, and nephrotoxins. Megalin dysfunction has been associated with acute, as well as chronic kidney diseases. Tubular proteinuria has been observed following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), suggesting megalin dysfunction; however, the pathophysiological mechanism has not been determined. To identify potential regulators of megalin expression, we examined renal microRNAs (miRNAs) expression and observed an upregulation of microRNA-148b (miR-148b) in obstructed mouse kidneys 7 days after UUO, which was associated with a significant reduction in proximal tubule megalin expression and accumulation of megalin ligands. By in silico miRNA target prediction analysis, we identified megalin messenger RNA (mRNA) as a potential target of miR-148b and confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay that miR-148b targeted the 3'-untranslated region of the megalin gene. Transfection of LLC-PK1 cells with miR-148b mimic reduced endogenous megalin mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner, while transfection with miR-148b inhibitor resulted in an increase. Our findings suggest that miR-148b directly downregulates megalin expression and that miR-148b negatively regulates megalin expression in UUO-induced kidney injury. Furthermore, the identification of a miRNA regulating megalin expression may allow for targeted interventions to modulate megalin function and proximal tubule uptake of proteins, as well as other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pia K Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dina M U Husum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; .,Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Nielsen R, Christensen EI, Birn H. Megalin and cubilin in proximal tubule protein reabsorption: from experimental models to human disease. Kidney Int 2017; 89:58-67. [PMID: 26759048 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proximal tubule protein uptake is mediated by 2 receptors, megalin and cubilin. These receptors rescue a variety of filtered ligands, including biomarkers, essential vitamins, and hormones. Receptor gene knockout animal models have identified important functions of the receptors and have established their essential role in modulating urinary protein excretion. Rare genetic syndromes associated with dysfunction of these receptors have been identified and characterized, providing additional information on the importance of these receptors in humans. Using various disease models in combination with receptor gene knockout, the implications of receptor dysfunction in acute and chronic kidney injury have been explored and have pointed to potential new roles of these receptors. Based on data from animal models, this paper will review current knowledge on proximal tubule endocytic receptor function and regulation, and their role in renal development, protein reabsorption, albumin uptake, and normal renal physiology. These findings have implications for the pathophysiology and diagnosis of proteinuric renal diseases. We will examine the limitations of the different models and compare the findings to phenotypic observations in inherited human disorders associated with receptor dysfunction. Furthermore, evidence from receptor knockout mouse models as well as human observations suggesting a role of protein receptors for renal disease will be discussed in light of conditions such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innate immune dysfunction after major burn injuries increases the susceptibility to organ failure. Lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, e.g., resolvin D2, have been shown recently to restore neutrophil functionality and reduce mortality rate in a rat model of major burn injury. However, the physiological mechanisms responsible for the benefic activity of resolvin D2 are not well understood. DESIGN Prospective randomized animal investigation. SETTING Academic research setting. SUBJECTS Wistar male rats. INTERVENTIONS Animals were subjected to a full-thickness burn of 30% total body surface area. Two hours after burn, 25 ng/kg resolvin D2 was administered IV and repeated every day, for 8 days. At day 10 post burn, 2 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide was administered IV, and the presence of renal and hepatic injuries was evaluated at day 11 post burn by histology, immunohistochemistry, and relevant blood chemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In untreated animals, we found significant tissue damage in the kidneys and liver, consistent with acute tubular necrosis and multifocal necrosis, and changes in blood chemistry, reflecting the deterioration of renal and hepatic functions. We detected less tissue damage and significantly lower values of blood urea nitrogen (26.4 ± 2.1 vs 36.0 ± 9.3 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (266.5 ± 295.2 vs 861.8 ± 813.7 U/L; p ≤ 0.01), and total bilirubin (0.13 ± 0.05 vs 0.30 ± 0.14 mg/dL; p ≤ 0.01) in resolvin D2-treated rats than in untreated animals. The mean blood pressure of all animals was above 65 mm Hg, indicating adequate tissue perfusion throughout the experiments. We measured significantly larger amounts of chromatin in the circulation of untreated than of resolvin D2-treated rats (575.1 ± 331.0 vs 264.1 ± 122.4 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05) and identified neutrophil extracellular traps in kidney and liver tissues from untreated rats, consistent with the tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Pathologic changes in kidney and liver tissues in a rat model of major burn and endotoxin insults are ameliorated by resolvin D2.
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Chaykovska L, Heunisch F, von Einem G, Alter ML, Hocher CF, Tsuprykov O, Dschietzig T, Kretschmer A, Hocher B. Urinary Vitamin D Binding Protein and KIM-1 Are Potent New Biomarkers of Major Adverse Renal Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145723. [PMID: 26751954 PMCID: PMC4709188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin-D-binding protein (VDBP) is a low molecular weight protein that is filtered through the glomerulus as a 25-(OH) vitamin D 3/VDBP complex. In the normal kidney VDBP is reabsorbed and catabolized by proximal tubule epithelial cells reducing the urinary excretion to trace amounts. Acute tubular injury is expected to result in urinary VDBP loss. The purpose of our study was to explore the potential role of urinary VDBP as a biomarker of an acute renal damage. Method We included 314 patients with diabetes mellitus or mild renal impairment undergoing coronary angiography and collected blood and urine before and 24 hours after the CM application. Patients were followed for 90 days for the composite endpoint major adverse renal events (MARE: need for dialysis, doubling of serum creatinine after 90 days, unplanned emergency rehospitalization or death). Results Increased urine VDBP concentration 24 hours after contrast media exposure was predictive for dialysis need (no dialysis: 113.06 ± 299.61ng/ml, n = 303; need for dialysis: 613.07 ± 700.45 ng/ml, n = 11, Mean ± SD, p<0.001), death (no death during follow-up: 121.41 ± 324.45 ng/ml, n = 306; death during follow-up: 522.01 ± 521.86 ng/ml, n = 8; Mean ± SD, p<0.003) and MARE (no MARE: 112.08 ± 302.00ng/ml, n = 298; MARE: 506.16 ± 624.61 ng/ml, n = 16, Mean ± SD, p<0.001) during the follow-up of 90 days after contrast media exposure. Correction of urine VDBP concentrations for creatinine excretion confirmed its predictive value and was consistent with increased levels of urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and baseline plasma creatinine in patients with above mentioned complications. The impact of urinary VDBP and KIM-1 on MARE was independent of known CIN risk factors such as anemia, preexisting renal failure, preexisting heart failure, and diabetes. Conclusions Urinary VDBP is a promising novel biomarker of major contrast induced nephropathy-associated events 90 days after contrast media exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Chaykovska
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Heunisch
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gina von Einem
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus L. Alter
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl-Friedrich Hocher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Tsuprykov
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dschietzig
- Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Berthold Hocher
- Institute for Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- IFLb Laboratoriumsmedizin Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mushirobira Y, Mizuta H, Luo W, Todo T, Hara A, Reading BJ, Sullivan CV, Hiramatsu N. Molecular cloning and partial characterization of a low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 13 (Lrp13) involved in vitellogenin uptake in the cutthroat trout (
Oncorhynchus clarki
). Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:986-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mushirobira
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Hiroko Mizuta
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Takashi Todo
- Faculty of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Akihiko Hara
- Faculty of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
| | - Benjamin J. Reading
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
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A population of mitochondrion-rich cells in the pars recta of mouse kidney. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:791-803. [PMID: 26337515 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following perfusion of adult mouse kidney with a solution of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), certain epithelial cells in the pars recta (S3) segments of proximal tubules react to form cytoplasmic deposits of blue diformazan particles. Such cells are characterized by dark cytoplasm, small and often elliptical nuclei, elaborate, process-bearing profiles, and abundant mitochondria. The atypical epithelial cells display the additional characteristic of immunoreactivity for a wide spectrum of antigens, including mesenchymal proteins such as vimentin. Though present in kidneys of untreated or sham-operated animals, they are particularly evident under experimental conditions such as unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), appearing in both contralateral and obstructed kidneys over the course of a week's duration, but disappearing from the obstructed kidney as it undergoes the profound atrophy attributable to deterioration of the population of its proximal tubules. The cells do not appear in neonatal kidneys, even those undergoing UUO, but begin to be recognizable soon after weaning (28 days). It is possible that diformazan-positive cells in the mouse S3 tubular segment constitute a resident population of cells that can replenish or augment the tubule. Although somewhat similar cells, with dark cytoplasm and vimentin expression, have been described in human, rat, and transgenic mouse kidney (Smeets et al. in J Pathol 229: 645-659, 2013; Berger et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111: 1533-1538, 2014), those cells-known as "scattered tubule cells" or "proximal tubule rare cells"- differ from the S3-specific cells in that they are present throughout the entire proximal tubule, often lack a brush border, and have only a few mitochondria.
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In-depth phenotyping of a Donnai-Barrow patient helps clarify proximal tubule dysfunction. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:1027-31. [PMID: 25822460 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-3037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The megalin/cubilin/amnionless complex is essential for albumin and low molecular weight (LMW) protein reabsorption by renal proximal tubules (PT). Mutations of the LRP2 gene encoding megalin cause autosomal recessive Donnai-Barrow/facio-oculo-acoustico-renal syndrome (DB/FOAR), which is characterized by LMW proteinuria. The pathophysiology of DB/FOAR-associated PT dysfunction remains unclear. CLINICAL CASE A 3-year-old girl presented with growth retardation and proteinuria. Clinical examination was unremarkable, except for a still-opened anterior fontanel and myopia. Psychomotor development was delayed. At 6, she developed sensorineural hearing loss. Hypertelorism was noted when she turned 12. Blood analyses, including renal function parameters, were normal. Urine sediment was bland. Proteinuria was significant and included albumin and LMW proteins. Immunoblotting analyses detected cubilin and type 3 carbonic anhydrase (CA3) in the urine. Renal ultrasound was unremarkable. Optical examination of a renal biopsy did not disclose any tubular or glomerular abnormality. Electron microscopy revealed that PT apical endocytic apparatus was significantly less developed. Immunostaining for megalin showed a faint signal in PT cytosol contrasting with the distribution of cubilin at the apical membrane. The diagnostic procedure led to identifying two mutations of the LRP2 gene. CONCLUSIONS The functional loss of megalin in DB/FOAR causes PT dysfunction characterized by increased urinary shedding of CA3 and cubilin.
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Nair AV, Keliher EJ, Core AB, Brown D, Weissleder R. Characterizing the interactions of organic nanoparticles with renal epithelial cells in vivo. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3641-53. [PMID: 25790730 PMCID: PMC4414893 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology approaches are actively being pursued for drug delivery, novel diagnostics, implantable devices, and consumer products. While considerable research has been performed on the effects of these materials on targeted tumor or phagocytic cells, relatively little is known about their effects on renal cells. This becomes critical for supersmall nanoparticles (<10 nm), designed to be renally excreted. The active endocytic machinery of kidney proximal tubules avidly internalizes filtered proteins, which may also be the case for filtered nanoparticles. To test whether such interactions affect kidney function, we injected mice with either 5 nm dextran-based nanoparticles (DNP) that are similar in composition to FDA-approved materials or poly(amido amine) dendrimer nanoparticles (PNP) of comparable size. These fluorescently tagged nanoparticles were both filtered and internalized by renal tubular epithelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The biological effects were quantitated by immunocytochemistry, measuring kidney injury markers and performing functional tests. DNP administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in urinary output, while cellular albumin endocytosis was increased. The expression of megalin, a receptor involved in albumin uptake, was also increased, but AQP1 expression was unaffected. The effects after PNP administration were similar but additionally resulted in increased clathrin expression and increased endocytosis of dextran. We conclude that there are no major detrimental renal effects of DNP on overall kidney function, but changes in endocytosis-mediating protein expression do occur. These studies provide a framework for the testing of additional nanoparticle preparations as they become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil V Nair
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 United States
| | - Edmund J. Keliher
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Amanda B Core
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 United States
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Corresponding Author Ralph Weissleder Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Bi J, Contag SA, Chen K, Su Y, Figueroa JP, Chappell MC, Rose JC. Sex-specific effect of antenatal betamethasone exposure on renal oxidative stress induced by angiotensins in adult sheep. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1013-22. [PMID: 25209867 PMCID: PMC4216986 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00354.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid administration in clinically relevant doses reduces nephron number and renal function in adulthood and is associated with hypertension. Nephron loss in early life may predispose the kidney to other insults later but whether sex influences increases in renal susceptibility is unclear. Therefore, we determined, in male and female adult sheep, whether antenatal glucocorticoid (betamethasone) exposure increased 8-isoprostane (marker of oxidative stress) and protein excretion after acute nephron reduction and intrarenal infusions of angiotensin peptides. We also examined whether renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) could contribute to alterations in 8-isoprostane excretion in a sex-specific fashion. In vivo, ANG II significantly increased 8-isoprostane excretion by 49% and protein excretion by 44% in male betamethasone- but not in female betamethasone- or vehicle-treated sheep. ANG-(1-7) decreased 8-isoprostane excretion but did not affect protein excretion in either group. In vitro, ANG II stimulated 8-isoprostane release from PTCs of male but not female betamethasone-treated sheep. Male betamethasone-exposed sheep had increased p47 phox abundance in the renal cortex while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased only in females. We conclude that antenatal glucocorticoid exposure enhances the susceptibility of the kidney to oxidative stress induced by ANG II in a sex-specific fashion and the renal proximal tubule is one target of the sex-specific effects of antenatal steroids. ANG-(1-7) may mitigate the impact of prenatal glucocorticoids on the kidney. P47 phox activation may be responsible for the increased oxidative stress and proteinuria in males. The protection from renal oxidative stress in females is associated with increased SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; The Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
| | - Stephen A Contag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; The Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; The Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jorge P Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; The Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mark C Chappell
- Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - James C Rose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; The Center of Research for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Koh GY, Whitley EM, Mancosky K, Loo YT, Grapentine K, Bowers E, Schalinske KL, Rowling MJ. Dietary resistant starch prevents urinary excretion of vitamin D metabolites and maintains circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Nutr 2014; 144:1667-73. [PMID: 25165393 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.198200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the leading cause of nephropathy in the United States. Renal complications of T2D include proteinuria and suboptimal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25D) concentrations. 25D is the major circulating form of vitamin D and renal reabsorption of the 25D-vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) complex via megalin-mediated endocytosis is believed to determine whether 25D can be activated to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D) or returned to circulation. We previously demonstrated that excessive urinary excretion of 25D-DBP and albuminuria occurred in rats with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D. Moreover, feeding rats with T1D high-amylose maize partially resistant to digestion [resistant starch (RS)] prevented excretion of 25D-DBP without significantly affecting hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVE We used Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of obesity-related T2D, to determine whether feeding RS could similarly prevent loss of vitamin D and maintain serum 25D concentrations. METHODS Lean control Zucker rats (n = 8) were fed a standard semi-purified diet (AIN-93G) and ZDF rats were fed either the AIN-93G diet (n = 8) or the AIN-93G diet in which cornstarch was replaced with RS (550 g/kg diet; 35% resistant to digestion) (n = 8) for 6 wk. RESULTS RS attenuated hyperglycemia by 41% (P < 0.01) and prevented urinary DBP excretion and albuminuria, which were elevated 3.0- (P < 0.01) and 3.6-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, in control diet-fed ZDF rats. Additionally, urinary excretion of 25D (P = 0.01) and 1,25D (P = 0.03) was higher (89% and 97%, respectively), whereas serum 25D concentrations were 31% lower (P < 0.001) in ZDF rats fed the control diet compared with RS-fed ZDF rats. Histopathologic scoring of the kidney revealed that RS attenuated diabetes-mediated damage by 21% (P = 0.12) despite an ∼50% decrease in megalin protein abundance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data provide evidence that suggests vitamin D balance can be maintained by dietary RS through nephroprotective actions in T2D, which are independent of vitamin D supplementation and renal expression of megalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gar Yee Koh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Elizabeth M Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Yi Ting Loo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
| | | | | | - Kevin L Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Matthew J Rowling
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, and
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