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Drvenica IT, Stančić AZ, Maslovarić IS, Trivanović DI, Ilić VL. Extracellular Hemoglobin: Modulation of Cellular Functions and Pathophysiological Effects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36421721 PMCID: PMC9688122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis through its ability to bind and transport oxygen to the tissues. Besides its ability to transport oxygen, hemoglobin within erythrocytes plays an important role in cellular signaling and modulation of the inflammatory response either directly by binding gas molecules (NO, CO, and CO2) or indirectly by acting as their source. Once hemoglobin reaches the extracellular environment, it acquires several secondary functions affecting surrounding cells and tissues. By modulating the cell functions, this macromolecule becomes involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of various diseases. The up-to-date results disclose the impact of extracellular hemoglobin on (i) redox status, (ii) inflammatory state of cells, (iii) proliferation and chemotaxis, (iv) mitochondrial dynamic, (v) chemoresistance and (vi) differentiation. This review pays special attention to applied biomedical research and the use of non-vertebrate and vertebrate extracellular hemoglobin as a promising candidate for hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, as well as cell culture medium additive. Although recent experimental settings have some limitations, they provide additional insight into the modulatory activity of extracellular hemoglobin in various cellular microenvironments, such as stem or tumor cells niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana T. Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Z. Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina S. Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka I. Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lj. Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Erlandsson L, Masoumi Z, Hansson LR, Hansson SR. The roles of free iron, heme, haemoglobin, and the scavenger proteins haemopexin and alpha-1-microglobulin in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. J Intern Med 2021; 290:952-968. [PMID: 34146434 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy syndrome characterised by maternal hypertension and organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Extracellular haemoglobin (Hb) and its metabolites heme and iron are highly toxic molecules and several defence mechanisms have evolved to protect the tissue. OBJECTIVES We will discuss the roles of free iron, heme, Hb, and the scavenger proteins haemopexin and alpha-1-microglobulin in pregnancies complicated by PE and fetal growth restriction (FGR). CONCLUSION In PE, oxidative stress causes syncytiotrophoblast (STB) stress and increased shedding of placental STB-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEV). The level in maternal circulation correlates with the severity of hypertension and supports the involvement of STBEVs in causing maternal symptoms in PE. In PE and FGR, iron homeostasis is changed, and iron levels significantly correlate with the severity of the disease. The normal increase in plasma volume taking place during pregnancy is less for PE and FGR and therefore have a different impact on, for example, iron concentration, compared to normal pregnancy. Excess iron promotes ferroptosis is suggested to play a role in trophoblast stress and lipotoxicity. Non-erythroid α-globin regulates vasodilation through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, and hypoxia-induced α-globin expression in STBs in PE placentas is suggested to contribute to hypertension in PE. Underlying placental pathology in PE with and without FGR might be amplified by iron and heme overload causing oxidative stress and ferroptosis. As the placenta becomes stressed, the release of STBEVs increases and affects the maternal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erlandsson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucas R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Kanagarajan S, Carlsson MLR, Chakane S, Kettisen K, Smeds E, Kumar R, Ortenlöf N, Gram M, Åkerström B, Bülow L, Zhu LH. Production of functional human fetal hemoglobin in Nicotiana benthamiana for development of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:955-966. [PMID: 34153360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have long been pursued to meet clinical needs by using native hemoglobin (Hb) from human or animal blood, or recombinantly produced Hb, but the development has been impeded by safety and toxicity issues. Herewith we report the successful production of human fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in Nicotiana benthamiana through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression. HbF is a heterotetrameric protein composed of two identical α- and two identical γ-subunits, held together by hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and salt bridges. In our study, the α- and γ-subunits of HbF were fused in order to stabilize the α-subunits and facilitate balanced expression of α- and γ-subunits in N. benthamiana. Efficient extraction and purification methods enabled production of the recombinantly fused endotoxin-free HbF (rfHbF) in high quantity and quality. The transiently expressed rfHbF protein was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses. The purified rfHbF possessed structural and functional properties similar to native HbF, which were confirmed by biophysical, biochemical, and in vivo animal studies. The results demonstrate a high potential of plant expression systems in producing Hb products for use as blood substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Magnus L R Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sandeep Chakane
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Kettisen
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Smeds
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Ortenlöf
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bülow
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden.
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4
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Bergwik J, Kristiansson A, Allhorn M, Gram M, Åkerström B. Structure, Functions, and Physiological Roles of the Lipocalin α 1-Microglobulin (A1M). Front Physiol 2021; 12:645650. [PMID: 33746781 PMCID: PMC7965949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-microglobulin (A1M) is found in all vertebrates including humans. A1M was, together with retinol-binding protein and β-lactoglobulin, one of the three original lipocalins when the family first was proposed in 1985. A1M is described as an antioxidant and tissue cleaning protein with reductase, heme- and radical-binding activities. These biochemical properties are driven by a strongly electronegative surface-exposed thiol group, C34, on loop 1 of the open end of the lipocalin barrel. A1M has been shown to have protective effects in vitro and in vivo in cell-, organ-, and animal models of oxidative stress-related medical conditions. The gene coding for A1M is unique among lipocalins since it is flanked downstream by four exons coding for another non-lipocalin protein, bikunin, and is consequently named α1-microglobulin-bikunin precursor gene (AMBP). The precursor is cleaved in the Golgi, and A1M and bikunin are secreted from the cell separately. Recent publications have suggested novel physiological roles of A1M in regulation of endoplasmic reticulum activities and erythrocyte homeostasis. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the structure and functions of the lipocalin A1M and presents a current model of its biological role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy in Mice, with or without the Antioxidant α 1-Microglobulin (A1M), Including Kidney Damage Assessment Using 99mTc-MAG3 Imaging. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020263. [PMID: 33579037 PMCID: PMC7916794 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy is promising but not curative in castration resistant prostate cancer. One way to broaden the therapeutic index could be to administer higher doses in combination with radioprotectors, since administered radioactivity is kept low today in order to avoid side-effects from a high absorbed dose to healthy tissue. Here, we investigated the human radical scavenger α1-microglobulin (A1M) together with 177-Lutetium (177Lu) labeled PSMA-617 in preclinical models with respect to therapeutic efficacy and kidney toxicity. Nude mice with subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts were injected with 50 or 100 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, with or without injections of recombinant A1M (rA1M) (at T = 0 and T = 24 h). Kidney absorbed dose was calculated to 7.36 Gy at 4 days post a 100 MBq injection. Activity distribution was imaged with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) at 24 h. Tumor volumes were measured continuously, and kidneys and blood were collected at termination (3–4 days and 3–4 weeks after injections). In a parallel set of experiments, mice were given [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and rA1M as above and dynamic technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine ([99mTc]Tc-MAG3) SPECT imaging was performed prior to injection, and 3- and 6-months post injection. Blood and urine were continuously sampled. At termination (6 months) the kidneys were resected. Biomarkers of kidney function, expression of stress genes and kidney histopathology were analyzed. [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 uptake, in tumors and kidneys, as well as treatment efficacy did not differ between rA1M and vehicle groups. In mice given rA1M, [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 imaging revealed a significantly higher slope of initial uptake at three months compared to mice co-injected with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and vehicle. Little or no change compared to control was seen in urine albumin, serum/plasma urea levels, RT-qPCR analysis of stress response genes and in the kidney histopathological evaluation. In conclusion, [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 imaging presented itself as a sensitive tool to detect changes in kidney function revealing that administration of rA1M has a potentially positive effect on kidney perfusion and tubular function when combined with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. Furthermore, we could show that rA1M did not affect anti-PSMA radioligand therapy efficacy.
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6
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Cui H, Zhang X, Ding X, Zhou L, Liang S, Qiu H, Li H, Chen H. Urinary Alpha1-Microglobulin: A New Predictor for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927958. [PMID: 33460425 PMCID: PMC7821442 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha1-microglobulin (A1MG) is a small molecular protein related to oxidation and inflammation. It exists in diverse body fluids, including urine. Results from urine tests are sometimes neglected when predicting in-hospital prognosis. It remains unclear whether urinary A1MG (UA1MG) can predict short-term prognosis of ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1854 hospitalized patients with acute STEMI were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Medical records were used to obtain patient demographic and clinical information, UA1MG values (which were used to divide patients into groups of low, medium, or high), and other laboratory parameters. Principal clinical outcomes of interest were all-cause in-hospital deaths, cardiac deaths, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). RESULTS Among the 1854 enrolled patients, 43 (2.3%) died in the hospital, of which 33 (1.8%) were cardiac deaths. MACEs were noted in 113 patients (6.1%) during hospitalization. The group with the highest UA1MG value showed a significantly higher frequency of in-hospital deaths, cardiac deaths, and MACEs, compared to those of the lowest UA1MG value group (4.4% vs. 1.0%, P<0.001; 3.1% vs. 0.6%, P<0.005; and 8.6% vs. 4.7%, P=0.007, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that UA1MG levels (odds ratio 1.109, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.027-1.197, P=0.008) independently predicted all-cause in-hospital mortality. A UA1MG value of 3.23 mg/dL was considered as an optimal cutoff point in STEMI to predict all-cause mortality after receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.80, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The UA1MG value at hospital admission could be an independent prognostic factor of all-cause in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
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Pregnant alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) knockout mice exhibit features of kidney and placental damage, hemodynamic changes and intrauterine growth restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20625. [PMID: 33244052 PMCID: PMC7691512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant previously shown to be elevated in maternal blood during pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and suggested to be important in the endogenous defense against oxidative stress. A knockout mouse model of A1M (A1Mko) was used in the present study to assess the importance of A1M during pregnancy in relation to the kidney, heart and placenta function. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were determined before and throughout gestation. The morphology of the organs was assessed by both light and electron microscopy. Gene expression profiles relating to vascular tone and oxidative stress were analyzed using RT-qPCR with validation of selected gene expression relating to vascular tone and oxidative stress response. Pregnant age-matched wild type mice were used as controls. In the A1Mko mice there was a significantly higher SBP before pregnancy that during pregnancy was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, the HR was higher both before and during pregnancy compared to the controls. Renal morphological abnormalities were more frequent in the A1Mko mice, and the gene expression profiles in the kidney and the heart showed downregulation of transcripts associated with vasodilation. Simultaneously, an upregulation of vasoconstrictors, blood pressure regulators, and genes for osmotic stress response, ion transport and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism occurred. Fetal weight was lower in the A1Mko mice at E17.5. The vessels in the labyrinth zone of the placentas and the endoplasmic reticulum in the spongiotrophoblasts were collapsed. The gene profiles in the placenta showed downregulation of antioxidants, ROS metabolism and oxidative stress response genes. In conclusion, intact A1M expression is necessary for the maintenance of normal kidney, heart as well as placental structure and function for a normal pregnancy adaptation.
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8
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Kristiansson A, Gram M, Flygare J, Hansson SR, Åkerström B, Storry JR. The Role of α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) in Erythropoiesis and Erythrocyte Homeostasis-Therapeutic Opportunities in Hemolytic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197234. [PMID: 33008134 PMCID: PMC7582998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a small protein present in vertebrates including humans. It has several physiologically relevant properties, including binding of heme and radicals as well as enzymatic reduction, that are used in the protection of cells and tissue. Research has revealed that A1M can ameliorate heme and ROS-induced injuries in cell cultures, organs, explants and animal models. Recently, it was shown that A1M could reduce hemolysis in vitro, observed with several different types of insults and sources of RBCs. In addition, in a recently published study, it was observed that mice lacking A1M (A1M-KO) developed a macrocytic anemia phenotype. Altogether, this suggests that A1M may have a role in RBC development, stability and turnover. This opens up the possibility of utilizing A1M for therapeutic purposes in pathological conditions involving erythropoietic and hemolytic abnormalities. Here, we provide an overview of A1M and its potential therapeutic effect in the context of the following erythropoietic and hemolytic conditions: Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), 5q-minus myelodysplastic syndrome (5q-MDS), blood transfusions (including storage), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), preeclampsia (PE) and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Johan Flygare
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Jill R. Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Bakoush O, Lubbad L, Öberg CM, Hammad FT. Effect of diabetes mellitus on the recovery of changes in renal functions and glomerular permeability following reversible 24-hour unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Diabetes 2019; 11:674-683. [PMID: 30592154 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following reversal of short periods of ureteral obstruction (UO), glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction recovers with time. Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects glomerular function; thus, the ability of diabetic kidneys to recover from UO may be impaired. This study investigated the effects of long-term DM on the recovery of glomerular and tubular function, as well as permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), after unilateral UO (UUO) reversal. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin. All diabetic and age-matched control rats underwent reversible 24-hour left UUO. The renal function of both kidneys was measured using clearance techniques 3 hours and 7 and 30 days after UUO reversal. Glomerular permeability was assessed by measuring the glomerular sieving coefficients for fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Ficoll (molecular radius: 20-90 Å). RESULTS Unilateral UO induced transient changes in the size selectivity of GFB small pores. However, the size selectivity function of large pores had not returned to baseline even 30 days after UUO reversal. Diabetes mellitus caused exaggerated early alterations in glomerular hemodynamic and tubular function, as well as size selectivity dysfunction of both small and large pores. At 30 days after UUO reversal, despite glomerular hemodynamic and tubular function and the size selectivity of small pores returning to normal in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats, the residual size selectivity dysfunction of large pores was more severe in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Unilateral UO caused long-term dysfunction in the size selectivity of large pores of the GFB. In addition, DM significantly exaggerated this dysfunction, indicating a more ominous outcome in diabetic kidneys following UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omran Bakoush
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loay Lubbad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carl M Öberg
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fayez T Hammad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Kalapotharakos G, Murtoniemi K, Åkerström B, Hämäläinen E, Kajantie E, Räikkönen K, Villa P, Laivuori H, Hansson SR. Plasma Heme Scavengers Alpha-1-Microglobulin and Hemopexin as Biomarkers in High-Risk Pregnancies. Front Physiol 2019; 10:300. [PMID: 31019465 PMCID: PMC6458234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with established preeclampsia (PE) have increased plasma concentration of free fetal hemoglobin. We measured two hemoglobin scavenger system proteins, hemopexin (Hpx) and alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) in maternal plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during the late second trimester of pregnancy in women with high and low risk of developing PE. In total 142 women were included in nested case-control study: 42 women diagnosed with PE and 100 controls (49 randomly selected high-risk and 51 low-risk controls). The concentration of plasma A1M in high-risk controls was higher compared to low-risk controls. Women with severe PE had higher plasma A1M levels compared to women with non-severe PE. In conclusion, the concentration of plasma A1M is increased in the late second trimester in high-risk controls, suggesting activation of endogenous protective system against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Kalapotharakos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katja Murtoniemi
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Åkerström B, Rosenlöf L, Hägerwall A, Rutardottir S, Ahlstedt J, Johansson ME, Erlandsson L, Allhorn M, Gram M. rA1M-035, a Physicochemically Improved Human Recombinant α 1-Microglobulin, Has Therapeutic Effects in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:489-504. [PMID: 29471681 PMCID: PMC6338582 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human α1-microglobulin (A1M) is an endogenous reductase and radical- and heme-binding protein with physiological antioxidant protective functions. Recombinant human A1M (rA1M) has been shown to have therapeutic properties in animal models of preeclampsia, a pregnancy disease associated with oxidative stress. Recombinant A1M, however, lacks glycosylation, and shows lower solubility and stability than A1M purified from human plasma. The aims of this work were to (i) use site-directed mutagenesis to improve the physicochemical properties of rA1M, (ii) demonstrate that the physicochemically improved rA1M displays full in vitro cell protective effects as recombinant wild-type A1M (rA1M-wt), and (iii) show its therapeutic potential in vivo against acute kidney injury (AKI), another disease associated with oxidative stress. RESULTS A novel recombinant A1M-variant (rA1M-035) with three amino acid substitutions was constructed, successfully expressed, and purified. rA1M-035 had improved solubility and stability compared with rA1M-wt, and showed intact in vitro heme-binding, reductase, antioxidation, and cell protective activities. Both rA1M-035 and rA1M-wt showed, for the first time, potential in vivo protective effects on kidneys using a mouse rhabdomyolysis glycerol injection model of AKI. INNOVATION A novel recombinant A1M-variant, rA1M-035, was engineered. This protein showed improved solubility and stability compared with rA1M-wt, full in vitro functional activity, and potential protection against AKI in an in vivo rhabdomyolysis mouse model. CONCLUSION The new rA1M-035 is a better drug candidate than rA1M-wt for treatment of AKI and preeclampsia in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Åkerström
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Erlandsson
- 3 Sections for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
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12
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Hakuno D, Kimura M, Ito S, Satoh J, Nakashima Y, Horie T, Kuwabara Y, Nishiga M, Ide Y, Baba O, Nishi H, Nakao T, Nishino T, Nakazeki F, Koyama S, Hanada R, Randolph RR, Endo J, Kimura T, Ono K. Hepatokine α1-Microglobulin Signaling Exacerbates Inflammation and Disturbs Fibrotic Repair in Mouse Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16749. [PMID: 30425314 PMCID: PMC6233179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cardiac rupture and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling causing heart failure are serious complications of acute myocardial infarction (MI). While cardio-hepatic interactions have been recognized, their role in MI remains unknown. We treated cultured cardiomyocytes with conditioned media from various cell types and analyzed the media by mass spectrometry to identify α1-microglobulin (AM) as an Akt-activating hepatokine. In mouse MI model, AM protein transiently distributed in the infarct and border zones during the acute phase, reflecting infiltration of AM-bound macrophages. AM stimulation activated Akt, NFκB, and ERK signaling and enhanced inflammation as well as macrophage migration and polarization, while inhibited fibrogenesis-related mRNA expression in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Intramyocardial AM administration exacerbated macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA expression in the infarct and border zones, whereas disturbed fibrotic repair, then provoked acute cardiac rupture in MI. Shotgun proteomics and lipid pull-down analysis found that AM partly binds to phosphatidic acid (PA) for its signaling and function. Furthermore, systemic delivery of a selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase α-mediated PA synthesis notably reduced macrophage infiltration, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and adverse LV remodeling in MI. Therefore, targeting AM signaling could be a novel pharmacological option to mitigate adverse LV remodeling in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihiko Hakuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ruiz R Randolph
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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13
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Dolinina J, Rippe A, Bentzer P, Öberg CM. Glomerular hyperpermeability after acute unilateral ureteral obstruction: effects of Tempol, NOS, RhoA, and Rac-1 inhibition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F445-F453. [PMID: 29465305 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00610.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that proteinuria following urinary tract obstruction is mainly of a tubular nature. However, it is unknown whether there are also changes in glomerular permeability. In this study, we compared glomerular sieving coefficients (θ) of polydisperse fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Ficoll 70/400 following a 120- or 180-min unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Samples were collected from the obstructed kidney at 5, 15, and 30 min postrelease and analyzed by means of high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography. After 120-min UUO, mean θ for Ficoll70Å was increased ( P < 0.01) from 2.2 ± 0.5 × 10-5 (baseline) to 10.6 ± 10 × 10-5 15 min postrelease (highest value). After 180-min UUO, mean θ for Ficoll70Å was further increased ( P < 0.001) from 1.4 ± 0.5 × 10-5 (baseline) to 40 ± 10 × 10-5 at 5 min postrelease (highest value). Administration of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (Tempol; 1 mg·kg-1·min-1) partly abrogated the permeability effects following 120-min UUO but not after 180 min. Moreover, administration of the RhoA kinase inhibitor Y-27632, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, or Rac-1 inhibition did not ameliorate glomerular hyperpermeability following 180-min UUO. We show, for the first time, that acute UUO results in marked elevations in glomerular permeability. In addition, our data suggest a time-dependent pathophysiology of UUO-induced hyperpermeability, where reactive oxygen species generation may play an important role in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dolinina
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Anna Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Peter Bentzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Carl M Öberg
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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14
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Gilani SI, Anderson UD, Jayachandran M, Weissgerber TL, Zand L, White WM, Milic N, Suarez MLG, Vallapureddy RR, Nääv Å, Erlandsson L, Lieske JC, Grande JP, Nath KA, Hansson SR, Garovic VD. Urinary Extracellular Vesicles of Podocyte Origin and Renal Injury in Preeclampsia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3363-3372. [PMID: 28729288 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal histologic expression of the podocyte-specific protein, nephrin, but not podocin, is reduced in preeclamptic compared with normotensive pregnancies. We hypothesized that renal expression of podocyte-specific proteins would be reflected in urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) of podocyte origin and accompanied by increased urinary soluble nephrin levels (nephrinuria) in preeclampsia. We further postulated that podocyte injury and attendant formation of EVs are related mechanistically to cellfree fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in maternal plasma. Our study population included preeclamptic (n=49) and normotensive (n=42) pregnant women recruited at delivery. Plasma measurements included HbF concentrations and concentrations of the endogenous chelators haptoglobin, hemopexin, and α1- microglobulin. We assessed concentrations of urinary EVs containing immunologically detectable podocyte-specific proteins by digital flow cytometry and measured nephrinuria by ELISA. The mechanistic role of HbF in podocyte injury was studied in pregnant rabbits. Compared with urine from women with normotensive pregnancies, urine from women with preeclamptic pregnancies contained a high ratio of podocin-positive to nephrin-positive urinary EVs (podocin+ EVs-to-nephrin+ EVs ratio) and increased nephrinuria, both of which correlated with proteinuria. Plasma levels of hemopexin, which were decreased in women with preeclampsia, negatively correlated with proteinuria, urinary podocin+ EVs-to-nephrin+ EVs ratio, and nephrinuria. Administration of HbF to pregnant rabbits increased the number of urinary EVs of podocyte origin. These findings provide evidence that urinary EVs are reflective of preeclampsia-related altered podocyte protein expression. Furthermore, renal injury in preeclampsia associated with an elevated urinary podocin+ EVs-to-nephrin+ EVs ratio and may be mediated by prolonged exposure to cellfree HbF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrik Dolberg Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and
| | | | | | | | - Wendy M White
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natasa Milic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension.,Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Åsa Nääv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and
| | - Lena Erlandsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and
| | | | | | | | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; and
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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15
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Cronqvist T, Tannetta D, Mörgelin M, Belting M, Sargent I, Familari M, Hansson SR. Syncytiotrophoblast derived extracellular vesicles transfer functional placental miRNAs to primary human endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4558. [PMID: 28676635 PMCID: PMC5496854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pregnancy associated syndrome preeclampsia (PE), there is increased release of placental syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) and free foetal haemoglobin (HbF) into the maternal circulation. In the present study we investigated the uptake of normal and PE STBEVs by primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and the effects of free HbF on this uptake. Our results show internalization of STBEVs into primary HCAEC, and transfer of placenta specific miRNAs from STBEVs into the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of these recipient cells. Further, the transferred miRNAs were functional, causing a down regulation of specific target genes, including the PE associated gene fms related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1). When co-treating normal STBEVs with HbF, the miRNA deposition is altered from the mitochondria to the ER and the cell membrane becomes ruffled, as was also seen with PE STBEVs. These findings suggest that STBEVs may cause endothelial damage and contribute to the endothelial dysfunction typical for PE. The miRNA mediated effects on gene expression may contribute to the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress described in PE, as well as endothelial reprogramming that may underlay the increased risk of cardiovascular disease reported for women with PE later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cronqvist
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dionne Tannetta
- University of Reading, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Oncology and Pathology, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Familari
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 22185, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Åkerström B, Cederlund M, Bergwik J, Manouchehrian O, Arnér K, Taylor IH, Ghosh F, Taylor L. The Role of Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, and the Radical-binding Protein A1M in Cultured Porcine Retina. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:948-961. [PMID: 28118055 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1254247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, mitochondrial structure, and biomechanical tissue support in the isolated porcine retina. METHODS Full-thickness retinal sheets were isolated from adult porcine eyes. Retinas were cultured for 2 or 48 h using (1) a previously established low-support explant protocol with photoreceptors positioned against the culture membrane (porous polycarbonate) or (2) a high-support procedure developed by our group, apposing the Müller cell endfeet and inner limiting membrane against the membrane. The grafts were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and culture medium was assayed for the cell damage and oxidative stress markers lactate dehydrogenase and protein carbonyls. RESULTS In explants cultured with physical support to the inner border, cone photoreceptors were preserved and lactate dehydrogenase levels were reduced, although an initial (2 h), transient, increased oxidative stress was observed. Elevated expression of the antioxidants α1-microglobulin and heme oxygenase-1 was seen in the mitochondria-rich inner segments after 48 h compared to low-support counterparts. Housekeeping gene expression suggested a higher degree of structural integrity of mitochondria in high-support explants, and TEM of inner segments confirmed preservation of a normal mitochondrial morphology. CONCLUSION Providing retinal explants with inner retinal support leads to mobilization of antioxidant proteins, preservation of mitochondrial function, and increased cell viability. Consequently, the failure of low-support retinal cultures to mobilize an adequate response to the oxidative environment may play a key role in their rapid demise. These findings shed new light on pathological reactions in biomechanically related conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Åkerström
- a Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Martin Cederlund
- a Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- a Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Oscar Manouchehrian
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Karin Arnér
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ingrid Holmgren Taylor
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ghosh
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Linnéa Taylor
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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17
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Dolinina J, Sverrisson K, Rippe A, Öberg CM, Rippe B. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition causes acute increases in glomerular permeability in vivo, dependent upon reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F984-F990. [PMID: 27681559 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00152.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is partly regulated by a balance between the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and that of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been postulated that normal or moderately elevated NO levels protect the GFB from permeability increases, whereas ROS, through reducing the bioavailability of NO, have the opposite effect. We tested the tentative antagonism between NO and ROS on glomerular permeability in anaesthetized Wistar rats, in which the left ureter was cannulated for urine collection while simultaneously blood access was achieved. Rats were systemically infused with either l-NAME or l-NAME together with the superoxide scavenger Tempol, or together with l-arginine or the NO-donor DEA-NONOate, or the cGMP agonist 8-bromo-cGMP. To measure glomerular sieving coefficients (theta, θ) to Ficoll, rats were infused with FITC-Ficoll 70/400 (mol/radius 10-80 Å). Plasma and urine samples were analyzed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) for determination of θ for Ficoll repeatedly during up to 2 h. l-NAME increased θ for Ficoll70Å from 2.27 ± 1.30 × 10-5 to 8.46 ± 2.06 × 10-5 (n = 6, P < 0.001) in 15 min. Tempol abrogated these increases in glomerular permeability and an inhibition was also observed with l-arginine and with 8-bromo-cGMP. In conclusion, acute NO synthase inhibition in vivo by l-NAME caused rapid increases in glomerular permeability, which could be reversed by either an ROS antagonist or by activating the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP pathway. The data strongly suggest a protective effect of NO in maintaining normal glomerular permeability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl M Öberg
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Zager RA, Johnson ACM, Frostad K. An evaluation of the antioxidant protein α1-microglobulin as a renal tubular cytoprotectant. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F640-51. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00264.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a low-molecular-weight heme-binding antioxidant protein that is readily filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by proximal tubules. Given these properties, recombinant A1M (rA1M) has been proposed as a renal antioxidant and therapeutic agent. However, little direct evidence to support this hypothesis exists. Hence, we have sought “proof of concept” in this regard. Cultured proximal tubule (HK-2) cells or isolated mouse proximal tubule segments were challenged with a variety of prooxidant insults: 1) hemin, 2) myoglobin; 3) “catalytic” iron, 4) H2O2/Fenton reagents, 5) a Ca2+ ionophore, 6) antimycin A, or 7) hypoxia (with or without rA1M treatment). HK-2 injury was gauged by the percent lactate dehydrogenase release and 4,5-(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide uptake. In vivo protection was sought in rA1M-treated mice subjected to 1) graded myohemoglobinura (2, 4, 8, or 9 ml/kg glycerol injection), 2) purified myoglobinemia/uria, or 3) endotoxemia. In vivo injury was assessed by blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and the expression of redox-sensitive genes (heme oxygenase-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNAs). Although rA1M totally blocked in vitro hemin toxicity, equimolar albumin (another heme binder) or 10% serum induced equal protection. rA1M failed to mitigate any nonhemin forms of either in vitro or in vivo injury. A1M appeared to be rapidly degraded within proximal tubules (by Western blot analysis). Surprisingly, rA1M exerted select injury-promoting effects (increased in vitro catalytic iron/antimycin toxicities and increased in vivo monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin mRNA expression after glycerol or endotoxin injection). We conclude that rA1M has questionable utility as a renal antioxidant/cytoprotective agent, particularly in the presence of larger amounts of competitive free heme (e.g., albumin) binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Zager
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; and
- University of Washington, Seattle Washington
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19
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Johansson C. The 2015 Pregnancy Summit, London, UK. WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 12:167-70. [PMID: 26900652 DOI: 10.2217/whe.15.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy Summit, Cineworld, The O2, London, UK, 29 September to 1 October 2015 The 2015 Pregnancy Summit was held over 3 days from 29 September to 1 October at Cineworld, The O2, London, UK. The event brings together a multidisciplinary faculty of international researchers and clinicians to discuss both scientific and clinical aspects of pregnancy-related issues in an informal setting. The goal of the meeting was to provide delegates with an update of recent advances in management of pregnancy-related conditions, to present research data and to discuss the current attitudes and practices in relevant topics. An extensive range of topics were discussed, from preeclampsia and treatment of hypertension, to the psychological impact of termination of pregnancy and feticide. This report will summarize a selection of the lectures presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherynne Johansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth & Campbell Streets, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
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20
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Grubb A, Lindström V, Jonsson M, Bäck SE, Åhlund T, Rippe B, Christensson A. Reduction in glomerular pore size is not restricted to pregnant women. Evidence for a new syndrome: 'Shrunken pore syndrome'. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 75:333-40. [PMID: 25919022 PMCID: PMC4487590 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1025427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The plasma levels of cystatin C, β2-microglobulin, beta-trace protein, retinol binding protein (RBP) and creatinine were determined in plasma samples from 111 randomly selected patients with eGFRcystatin C ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine and from 55 control patients with 0.9eGFRcreatinine ≤ eGFRcystatin C ≤ 1.1eGFRcreatinine (eGFRcystatin C ≈ eGFRcreatinine). The concentration ratios of cystatin C/creatinine, β2-microglobulin/creatinine, beta-trace protein/creatinine and RBP/creatinine were significantly higher in patients with eGFRcystatin C ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine than in patients with eGFRcystatin C ≈ eGFRcreatinine. When the patients were divided into three groups with different estimated GFR intervals (≤ 40, 40–60 and ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m2) the concentration ratios of cystatin C/creatinine, β2-microglobulin/creatinine, and beta-trace protein/creatinine were significantly higher in patients with eGFRcystatin C ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine than in patients with eGFRcystatin C ≈ eGFRcreatinine for all GFR intervals. Similar results were obtained when the population without pregnant women was studied as well as the subpopulations of men or of non-pregnant women. Populations of pre-eclamptic women and pregnant women in the third trimester display similar results. Since the production of these four proteins with sizes similar to that of cystatin C is not co-regulated, the most likely explanation for the simultaneous increase of their creatinine-ratios in patients with eGFRcystatin C ≤ 60% of eGFRcreatinine is that their elimination by glomerular filtration is decreased. We suggest that this is due to a reduction in pore diameter of the glomerular membrane and propose the designation ‘Shrunken pore syndrome’ for this pathophysiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital , Lund
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21
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Ahlstedt J, Tran TA, Strand SE, Gram M, Åkerström B. Human Anti-Oxidation Protein A1M--A Potential Kidney Protection Agent in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30309-20. [PMID: 26694383 PMCID: PMC4691176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been in clinical use for 15 years to treat metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. PRRT is limited by reabsorption and retention of the administered radiolabeled somatostatin analogues in the proximal tubule. Consequently, it is essential to develop and employ methods to protect the kidneys during PRRT. Today, infusion of positively charged amino acids is the standard method of kidney protection. Other methods, such as administration of amifostine, are still under evaluation and show promising results. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenging protein ubiquitously present in plasma and extravascular tissue. Human A1M has antioxidation properties and has been shown to prevent radiation-induced in vitro cell damage and protect non-irradiated surrounding cells. It has recently been shown in mice that exogenously infused A1M and the somatostatin analogue octreotide are co-localized in proximal tubules of the kidney after intravenous infusion. In this review we describe the current situation of kidney protection during PRRT, discuss the necessity and implications of more precise dosimetry and present A1M as a new, potential candidate for renal protection during PRRT and related targeted radionuclide therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ahlstedt
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Section of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Gram
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
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Rutardottir S, Karnaukhova E, Nantasenamat C, Songtawee N, Prachayasittikul V, Rajabi M, Rosenlöf LW, Alayash AI, Åkerström B. Structural and biochemical characterization of two heme binding sites on α1-microglobulin using site directed mutagenesis and molecular simulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:29-41. [PMID: 26497278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenger involved in physiological protection against oxidative damage. These functions were previously shown to be dependent upon cysteinyl-, C34, and lysyl side-chains, K(92, 118,130). A1M binds heme and the crystal structure suggests that C34 and H123 participate in a heme binding site. We have investigated the involvement of these five residues in the interactions with heme. METHODS Four A1M-variants were expressed: with cysteine to serine substitution in position 34, lysine to threonine substitutions in positions (92, 118, 130), histidine to serine substitution in position 123 and a wt without mutations. Heme binding was investigated by tryptophan fluorescence quenching, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, SPR, electrophoretic migration shift, gel filtration, catalase-like activity and molecular simulation. RESULTS All A1M-variants bound to heme. Mutations in C34, H123 or K(92, 118, 130) resulted in significant absorbance changes, CD spectral changes, and catalase-like activity, suggesting involvement of these side-groups in coordination of the heme-iron. Molecular simulation support a model with two heme-binding sites in A1M involving the mutated residues. Binding of the first heme induces allosteric stabilization of the structure predisposing for a better fit of the second heme. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that one heme-binding site is located in the lipocalin pocket and a second binding site between loops 1 and 4. Reactions with the hemes involve the side-groups of C34, K(92, 118, 130) and H123. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The model provides a structural basis for the functional activities of A1M: heme binding activity of A1M.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohsen Rajabi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | | | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Gram M, Dolberg Anderson U, Johansson ME, Edström-Hägerwall A, Larsson I, Jälmby M, Hansson SR, Åkerström B. The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138111. [PMID: 26368565 PMCID: PMC4569570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies and manifests clinically as hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood but recent studies have described the involvement of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Hypothesizing that PE is associated with prolonged hemolysis we have studied the response of the cell-free Hb- and heme defense network. Thus, we have investigated the levels of cell-free HbF (both free, denoted HbF, and in complex with Hp, denoted Hp-HbF) as well as the major human endogenous Hb- and heme-scavenging systems: haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hpx), α1-microglobulin (A1M) and CD163 in plasma of PE women (n = 98) and women with normal pregnancies (n = 47) at term. A significant increase of the mean plasma HbF concentration was observed in women with PE. Plasma levels of Hp and Hpx were statistically significantly reduced, whereas the level of the extravascular heme- and radical scavenger A1M was significantly increased in plasma of women with PE. The Hpx levels significantly correlated with maternal blood pressure. Furthermore, HbF and the related scavenger proteins displayed a potential to be used as clinical biomarkers for more precise diagnosis of PE and are candidates as predictors of identifying pregnancies with increased risk of obstetrical complications. The results support that PE pathophysiology is associated with increased HbF-concentrations and an activation of the physiological Hb-heme defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Gram
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrik Dolberg Anderson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Irene Larsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maya Jälmby
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
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24
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Nääv Å, Erlandsson L, Axelsson J, Larsson I, Johansson M, Wester-Rosenlöf L, Mörgelin M, Casslén V, Gram M, Åkerström B, Hansson SR. A1M Ameliorates Preeclampsia-Like Symptoms in Placenta and Kidney Induced by Cell-Free Fetal Hemoglobin in Rabbit. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125499. [PMID: 25955715 PMCID: PMC4425457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy-related diseases and clinically manifests as hypertension and proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks. The worldwide prevalence is 3-8% of pregnancies, making it the most common cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia lacks an effective therapy, and the only “cure” is delivery. We have previously shown that increased synthesis and accumulation of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the placenta is important in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) and its metabolites induce oxidative stress, which may lead to acute renal failure and vascular dysfunction seen in preeclampsia. The human endogenous protein, α1-microglobulin (A1M), removes cell-free heme-groups and induces natural tissue repair mechanisms. Exogenously administered A1M has been shown to alleviate the effects of Hb-induced oxidative stress in rat kidneys. Here we attempted to establish an animal model mimicking the human symptoms at stage two of preeclampsia by administering species-specific cell-free HbF starting mid-gestation until term, and evaluated the therapeutic effect of A1M on the induced symptoms. Female pregnant rabbits received HbF infusions i.v. with or without A1M every second day from gestational day 20. The HbF-infused animals developed proteinuria and a significantly increased glomerular sieving coefficient in kidney that was ameliorated by co-administration of A1M. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of kidney and placenta showed both intracellular and extracellular tissue damages after HbF-treatment, while A1M co-administration resulted in a significant reduction of the structural and cellular changes. Neither of the HbF-treated animals displayed any changes in blood pressure during pregnancy. In conclusion, infusion of cell-free HbF in the pregnant rabbits induced tissue damage and organ failure similar to those seen in preeclampsia, and was restored by co-administration of A1M. This study provides preclinical evidence supporting further examination of A1M as a potential new therapy for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Nääv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lena Erlandsson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josefin Axelsson
- Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irene Larsson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Johansson
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Wester-Rosenlöf
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vera Casslén
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Huppertz B. Maternal–fetal interactions, predictive markers for preeclampsia, and programming. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 108:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Axelsson J, Rippe A, Rippe B. mTOR inhibition with temsirolimus causes acute increases in glomerular permeability, but inhibits the dynamic permeability actions of puromycin aminonucleoside. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1056-64. [PMID: 25740597 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00632.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORi) can produce de novo proteinuria in kidney transplant patients. On the other hand, mTORi has been shown to suppress disease progression in several animal models of kidney disease. In the present study, we investigated whether glomerular permeability can be acutely altered by the mTORi temsirolimus and whether mTORi can affect acute puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) or angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced glomerular hyperpermeability. In anesthetized Wistar rats, the left ureter was cannulated for urine collection, while simultaneously blood access was achieved. Temsirolimus was administered as a single intravenous dose 30 min before the start of the experiments in animals infused with PAN or ANG II or in nonexposed animals. Polydispersed FITC-Ficoll-70/400 (molecular radius 10-80 Å) and (51)Cr-EDTA infusion was given during the whole experiment. Measurements of Ficoll in plasma and urine were performed sequentially before the temsirolimus injection (baseline) and at 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after the start of the experiments. Urine and plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) to assess glomerular sieving coefficients (θ) for Ficoll10-80Å. Temsirolimus per se increased baseline glomerular permeability to Ficoll50-80Å 45 min after its administration, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent phenomenon. PAN caused a rapid and reversible increase in glomerular permeability, peaking at 5 min, and again at 60-120 min, which could be blocked by the ROS scavenger tempol. mTORi abrogated the second permeability peak induced by PAN. However, it had no effect on the immediate ANG II- or PAN-induced increases in glomerular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Cederlund M, Deronic A, Pallon J, Sørensen OE, Åkerström B. A1M/α1-microglobulin is proteolytically activated by myeloperoxidase, binds its heme group and inhibits low density lipoprotein oxidation. Front Physiol 2015; 6:11. [PMID: 25698971 PMCID: PMC4315848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a 26 kDa plasma and tissue protein with reductase activity and radical- and heme-binding anti-oxidative functions. In addition, exposure of A1M to hemoglobin has been shown to induce proteolytic elimination of a C-terminal tetrapeptide yielding a heme-degrading form, truncated A1M (t-A1M). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the production of free radicals and hypochlorite, is released by neutrophils during the inflammatory response to bacterial infections. MPO-induced low density lipoprotein (LDL)-oxidation in blood has been suggested as a causative factor in atherosclerosis. In this study we have hypothesized that A1M interacts with MPO in a similar mode as with hemoglobin, and is a regulator of its activity. The results show that A1M is proteolytically cleaved, with formation of t-A1M, after exposure to MPO, and that t-A1M contains iron and heme-degradation products. The reaction is dependent of pH, time and concentration of substrates and a pH-value around 7 is shown to be optimal for cleavage. Furthermore, A1M inhibits MPO- and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation of LDL. The results suggest that A1M may have a role as an inhibitor of the damaging effects of the neutrophil respiratory burst on bystander tissue components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cederlund
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Adnan Deronic
- Division of Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Pallon
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Ole E Sørensen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
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Hansson SR, Nääv Å, Erlandsson L. Oxidative stress in preeclampsia and the role of free fetal hemoglobin. Front Physiol 2015; 5:516. [PMID: 25628568 PMCID: PMC4292435 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of pregnancy complications and affects 3-7% of pregnant women. This review summarizes the current knowledge of a new potential etiology of the disease, with a special focus on hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, we also suggest hemoglobin as a potential target for therapy. Gene and protein profiling studies have shown increased expression and accumulation of free fetal hemoglobin in the preeclamptic placenta. Predominantly due to oxidative damage to the placental barrier, fetal hemoglobin leaks over to the maternal circulation. Free hemoglobin and its metabolites are toxic in several ways; (a) ferrous hemoglobin (Fe(2+)) binds strongly to the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) and reduces the availability of free NO, which results in vasoconstriction, (b) hemoglobin (Fe(2+)) with bound oxygen spontaneously generates free oxygen radicals, and (c) the heme groups create an inflammatory response by inducing activation of neutrophils and cytokine production. The endogenous protein α1-microglobulin, with radical and heme binding properties, has shown both ex vivo and in vivo to have the ability to counteract free hemoglobin-induced placental and kidney damage. Oxidative stress in general, and more specifically fetal hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress, could play a key role in the pathology of preeclampsia seen both in the placenta and ultimately in the maternal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R. Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
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29
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Karnaukhova E, Rutardottir S, Rajabi M, Wester Rosenlöf L, Alayash AI, Åkerström B. Characterization of heme binding to recombinant α1-microglobulin. Front Physiol 2014; 5:465. [PMID: 25538624 PMCID: PMC4255499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), a small lipocalin protein found in plasma and tissues, has been identified as a heme1 and radical scavenger that may participate in the mitigation of toxicities caused by degradation of hemoglobin. The objective of this work was to investigate heme interactions with A1M in vitro using various analytical techniques and to optimize analytical methodology suitable for rapid evaluation of the ligand binding properties of recombinant A1M versions. Methods: To examine heme binding properties of A1M we utilized UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, visible circular dichroism (CD), catalase-like activity, migration shift electrophoresis, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which was specifically developed for the assessment of His-tagged A1M. Results: The results of this study confirm that A1M is a heme binding protein that can accommodate heme at more than one binding site and/or in coordination with different amino acid residues depending upon heme concentration and ligand-to-protein molar ratio. UV/Vis titration of A1M with heme revealed an unusually large bathochromic shift, up to 38 nm, observed for heme binding to a primary binding site. UV/Vis spectroscopy, visible CD and catalase-like activity suggested that heme is accommodated inside His-tagged (tgA1M) and tagless A1M (ntA1M) in a rather similar fashion although the His-tag is very likely involved into coordination with iron of the heme molecule. SPR data indicated kinetic rate constants and equilibrium binding constants with KD values in a μM range. Conclusions: This study provided experimental evidence of the A1M heme binding properties by aid of different techniques and suggested an analytical methodology for a rapid evaluation of ligand-binding properties of recombinant A1M versions, also suitable for other His-tagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sigurbjörg Rutardottir
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Rajabi
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lena Wester Rosenlöf
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University Lund, Sweden
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Jeney V, Balla G, Balla J. Red blood cell, hemoglobin and heme in the progression of atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2014; 5:379. [PMID: 25324785 PMCID: PMC4183119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades plaque neovascularization was considered as an innocent feature of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but nowadays growing evidence suggest that this process triggers plaque progression and vulnerability. Neovascularization is induced mostly by hypoxia, but the involvement of oxidative stress is also established. Because of inappropriate angiogenesis, neovessels are leaky and prone to rupture, leading to the extravasation of red blood cells (RBCs) within the plaque. RBCs, in the highly oxidative environment of the atherosclerotic lesions, tend to lyse quickly. Both RBC membrane and the released hemoglobin (Hb) possess atherogenic activities. Cholesterol content of RBC membrane contributes to lipid deposition and lipid core expansion upon intraplaque hemorrhage. Cell-free Hb is prone to oxidation, and the oxidation products possess pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. Defense and adaptation mechanisms evolved to cope with the deleterious effects of cell free Hb and heme. These rely on plasma proteins haptoglobin (Hp) and hemopexin (Hx) with the ability to scavenge and eliminate free Hb and heme form the circulation. The protective strategy is completed with the cellular heme oxygenase-1/ferritin system that becomes activated when Hp and Hx fail to control free Hb and heme-mediated stress. These protective molecules have pharmacological potential in diverse pathologies including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Jeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary ; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
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