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Guo F, Abulati A, Wang JW, Jiang J, Zhang WX, Chen PD, Yao L, Mao XM. Flavonoids of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammation of glomerular mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy via RhoA/ROCK signaling. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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2
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Luo S, Yang M, Zhao H, Han Y, Jiang N, Yang J, Chen W, Li C, Liu Y, Zhao C, Sun L. Caveolin-1 Regulates Cellular Metabolism: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768100. [PMID: 34955837 PMCID: PMC8703113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an energy-consuming organ, and cellular metabolism plays an indispensable role in kidney-related diseases. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a multifunctional membrane protein, is the main component of caveolae on the plasma membrane. Caveolae are represented by tiny invaginations that are abundant on the plasma membrane and that serve as a platform to regulate cellular endocytosis, stress responses, and signal transduction. However, caveolae have received increasing attention as a metabolic platform that mediates the endocytosis of albumin, cholesterol, and glucose, participates in cellular metabolic reprogramming and is involved in the progression of kidney disease. It is worth noting that caveolae mainly depend on Cav-1 to perform the abovementioned cellular functions. Furthermore, the mechanism by which Cav-1 regulates cellular metabolism and participates in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases has not been completely elucidated. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of Cav-1 and its functions in regulating cellular metabolism, autophagy, and oxidative stress, focusing on the relationship between Cav-1 in cellular metabolism and kidney disease; in addition, Cav-1 that serves as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of kidney disease is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Chanyue Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
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3
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Li Q, Veron D, Tufro A. S-Nitrosylation of RhoGAP Myosin9A Is Altered in Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:679518. [PMID: 34336885 PMCID: PMC8316719 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.679518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease progression is complex and remains unresolved. Rho-GAP MYO9A was recently identified as a novel podocyte protein and a candidate gene for monogenic FSGS. Myo9A involvement in diabetic kidney disease has been suggested. Here, we examined the effect of diabetic milieu on Myo9A expression in vivo and in vitro. We determined that Myo9A undergoes S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification dependent on nitric oxide (NO) availability. Diabetic mice with nodular glomerulosclerosis and severe proteinuria associated with doxycycline-induced, podocyte-specific VEGF 164 gain-of-function showed markedly decreased glomerular Myo9A expression and S-nitrosylation, as compared to uninduced diabetic mice. Immortalized mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose revealed decreased Myo9A expression, assessed by qPCR, immunoblot and immunocytochemistry, and reduced Myo9A S-nitrosylation (SNO-Myo9A), assessed by proximity link assay and biotin switch test, functionally resulting in abnormal podocyte migration. These defects were abrogated by exposure to a NO donor and were not due to hyperosmolarity. Our data demonstrate that high-glucose induced decrease of both Myo9A expression and SNO-Myo9A is regulated by NO availability. We detected S-nitrosylation of Myo9A interacting proteins RhoA and actin, which was also altered by high glucose and NO dependent. RhoA activity inversely related to SNO-RhoA. Collectively, data suggest that dysregulation of SNO-Myo9A, SNO-RhoA and SNO-actin may contribute to the pathogenesis of advanced diabetic kidney disease and may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Delma Veron
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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4
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Role of Caveolin-1 in Diabetes and Its Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9761539. [PMID: 32082483 PMCID: PMC7007939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9761539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that in 2017 there were 451 million people with diabetes worldwide. These figures are expected to increase to 693 million by 2045; thus, innovative preventative programs and treatments are a necessity to fight this escalating pandemic disorder. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), an integral membrane protein, is the principal component of caveolae in membranes and is involved in multiple cellular functions such as endocytosis, cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction, and mechanoprotection. Previous studies demonstrated that CAV1 is critical for insulin receptor-mediated signaling, insulin secretion, and potentially the development of insulin resistance. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the role of CAV1 in diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Astaxanthin Protects PC12 Cells against Homocysteine- and Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010214. [PMID: 31948056 PMCID: PMC6982875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment has been shown to be associated with glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity, homocysteine (Hcy) accumulation, and oxidative stress. We hypothesize that Glu and Hcy could damage neuronal cells, while astaxanthin (ATX) could be beneficial to alleviate the adverse effects. Using PC12 cell model, we showed that Glu and Hcy provoked a huge amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causing mitochondrial damage at EC50 20 and 10 mm, respectively. The mechanisms of action include: (1) increasing calcium influx; (2) producing ROS; (3) initiating lipid peroxidation; (4) causing imbalance of the Bcl-2/Bax homeostasis; and (5) activating cascade of caspases involving caspases 12 and 3. Conclusively, the damages caused by Glu and Hcy to PC12 cells can be alleviated by the potent antioxidant ATX.
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6
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The caveolin-1 regulated protein follistatin protects against diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1134-1149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Yasuda H, Iwata Y, Nakajima S, Furuichi K, Miyake T, Sakai N, Kitajima S, Toyama T, Shinozaki Y, Sagara A, Miyagawa T, Hara A, Shimizu M, Kamikawa Y, Sato K, Oshima M, Yoneda-Nakagawa S, Kaneko S, Wada T. Erythropoietin signal protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells from high glucose-induced injury. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:767-774. [PMID: 30346085 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM High glucose (HG) induces endothelial injury in vasculature, leading to tissue injury in diabetic condition. Therefore, diabetes is one of the major cause of end-stage kidney disease as well as cardiovascular diseases. Chronic inflammation is involved in the progression of HG-induced cell injury. Recently, it has been reported that erythropoietin (EPO) protects the tissues from some kind of injury, such as hypoxia and mechanical stress. However, the contribution of EPO to HG-induced tissue injury remains to be explored. Therefore, we hypothesized that EPO protects endothelial cells from HG-induced injury via the regulation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance. METHODS We performed genome-wide transcriptome profiling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which were stimulated by HG with/without EPO treatment and detected the expression of inflammation associated genes. RESULTS The expression pattern of mRNA expression in HG stimulated HUVEC with/without EPO were different in hieralchial clustering analysis. While inflammatory cytokines/chemokines mRNA expression were increased by the HG stimulation in HUVEC, Th2-related cytokine receptors and intracellular signaling molecules showed the reduced mRNA expression levels. EPO treatment reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines mRNA expression and increased Th2-related cytokine mRNA expression levels. Moreover, EPO stimulation increased mRNA expression of EPO receptor and β-common receptor. CONCLUSION EPO signaling protects HG-induced cell injury by the regulation of immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakajima
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taito Miyake
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shinozaki
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sagara
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Miyagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kamikawa
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sato
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Yoneda-Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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8
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Van Krieken R, Mehta N, Wang T, Zheng M, Li R, Gao B, Ayaub E, Ask K, Paton JC, Paton AW, Austin RC, Krepinsky JC. Cell surface expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) mediates diabetic nephropathy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7755-7768. [PMID: 30914477 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a well-established endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone that maintains protein homeostasis and regulates the unfolded protein response. Under conditions of ER stress, GRP78 is also expressed at the cell surface and implicated in tumorigenesis, immunity, and cellular signaling events. The role of cell surface-associated GRP78 (csGRP78) in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy has not yet been defined. Here we explored the role of csGRP78 in regulating high glucose (HG)-induced profibrotic AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) signaling and up-regulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Using primary kidney mesangial cells, we show that HG treatment, but not the osmotic control mannitol, induces csGRP78 expression through an ER stress-dependent mechanism. We found that csGRP78, known to be located on the outer membrane leaflet, interacts with the transmembrane protein integrin β1 and activates focal adhesion kinase and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling. Localization of GRP78 at the cell surface and its interaction with integrin β1 were also required for extracellular matrix protein synthesis in response to HG. Surprisingly, both the N and C termini of csGRP78 were necessary for this profibrotic response. Increased localization of GRP78 at the plasma membrane was also found in the glomerular mesangial area of type 1 diabetic mice in two different models (streptozotocin-induced and Akita). In freshly isolated glomeruli from Akita mice, csGRP78 co-localized with the mesangial cell surface marker α8-integrin. In conclusion, our work reveals a role for csGRP78 in HG-induced profibrotic responses in mesangial cells, informing a potential approach to treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Van Krieken
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Neel Mehta
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Tony Wang
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Mengyu Zheng
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Ehab Ayaub
- the Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.,the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada, and
| | - Kjetil Ask
- the Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.,the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada, and
| | - James C Paton
- the Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- the Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard C Austin
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- From the Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada,
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9
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Yang G, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Wu A, Huang Y, Miao Y, Yang M. Effect of berberine on the renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by inhibition of the Notch/snail pathway in diabetic nephropathy model KKAy mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1065-1079. [PMID: 28408805 PMCID: PMC5384688 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal tubular interstitial fibrosis are the main pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Previous studies have suggested that berberine (BBR) has antifibrotic effects in the kidney and can reduce apoptosis and inhibit the EMT of podocytes in DN. However, the effect of BBR on the renal tubular EMT in DN and its mechanisms of action are unknown. This study was performed to explore the effects of BBR on the renal tubular EMT and the molecular mechanisms of BBR in DN model KKAy mice and on the high glucose (HG)-induced EMT in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells. Our results showed that, relative to the model mice, the mice in the treatment group had an improved general state and reduced blood glucose and 24-h urinary protein levels. Degradation of renal function was ameliorated by BBR. We also observed the protective effects of BBR on renal structural changes, including normalization of an index of renal interstitial fibrosis and kidney weight/body weight. Moreover, BBR suppressed the activation of the Notch/snail pathway and upregulated the α-SMA and E-cadherin levels in DN model KKAy mice. BBR was further found to prevent HG-induced EMT events and to inhibit the HG-induced expression of Notch pathway members and snail1 in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells. Our findings indicate that BBR has a therapeutic effect on DN, including its inhibition of the renal tubular EMT and renal interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, the BBR-mediated EMT inhibition occurs through Notch/snail pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Amin Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Miao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Qiu YY, Tang LQ, Wei W. Berberine exerts renoprotective effects by regulating the AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in mesangial cells during diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:89-105. [PMID: 28087385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effect of berberine treatment on the AGEs-RAGE pathway in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy, and we investigated the mechanism by which key factors caused kidney injury and the effects of berberine. In vivo, berberine improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, the majority of biochemical and renal function parameters and histopathological changes in the diabetic kidney. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed significant increases in the levels of AGEs, RAGE, P-PKC-β and TGF-β1 in injured kidneys, and these levels were markedly decreased by treatment with berberine. In vitro, berberine inhibited mesangial cell proliferation. Cells treated with berberine showed reduced levels of AGEs, accompanied by decreased RAGE, p-PKC and TGF-β1 levels soon afterwards. Berberine exhibited renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy rats, and the molecular mechanism was associated with changes in the levels and regulation of the AGEs-RAGE-PKC-β-TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei-shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17# Lu-jiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17# Lu-jiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei-shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic nephropathy, a major microvascular complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by prominent accumulation of extracellular matrix. The membrane microdomains caveolae, and their integral protein caveolin-1, play critical roles in the regulation of signal transduction. In this review we discuss current knowledge of the contribution of caveolin-1/caveolae to profibrotic signaling and the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, and assess its potential as a therapeutic target. RECENT FINDINGS Caveolin (cav)-1 is key to facilitating profibrotic signal transduction induced by several stimuli known to be pathogenic in diabetic nephropathy, including the most prominent factors hyperglycemia and angiotensin II. Phosphorylation of cav-1 on Y14 is an important regulator of these responses. In vivo studies support a pathogenic role for caveolae in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Targeting caveolin-1/caveolae would enable inhibition of multiple profibrotic pathways, representing a novel and potentially potent therapeutic option for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Van Krieken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave E, T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave E, T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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12
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Fakhruddin S, Alanazi W, Jackson KE. Diabetes-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species: Mechanism of Their Generation and Role in Renal Injury. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8379327. [PMID: 28164134 PMCID: PMC5253173 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8379327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes induces the onset and progression of renal injury through causing hemodynamic dysregulation along with abnormal morphological and functional nephron changes. The most important event that precedes renal injury is an increase in permeability of plasma proteins such as albumin through a damaged glomerular filtration barrier resulting in excessive urinary albumin excretion (UAE). Moreover, once enhanced UAE begins, it may advance renal injury from progression of abnormal renal hemodynamics, increased glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, mesangial expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and glomerulosclerosis to eventual end-stage renal damage. Interestingly, all these pathological changes are predominantly driven by diabetes-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal downstream signaling molecules. In diabetic kidney, NADPH oxidase (enzymatic) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (nonenzymatic) are the prominent sources of ROS, which are believed to cause the onset of albuminuria followed by progression to renal damage through podocyte depletion. Chronic hyperglycemia and consequent ROS production can trigger abnormal signaling pathways involving diverse signaling mediators such as transcription factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and vasoactive substances. Persistently, increased expression and activation of these signaling molecules contribute to the irreversible functional and structural changes in the kidney resulting in critically decreased glomerular filtration rate leading to eventual renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Fakhruddin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM), Pharmacy Building, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Wael Alanazi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM), Pharmacy Building, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Keith E. Jackson
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM), Pharmacy Building, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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13
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Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP)-1 is a novel regulator of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β receptor I (TβRI) through exosomal secretion. Cell Signal 2017; 29:158-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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High glucose-induced fibronectin upregulation in cultured mesangial cells involves caveolin-1-dependent RhoA-GTP activation via Src kinase. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:963-8. [PMID: 27220778 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes-mediated renal interstitial fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation is an important event in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, it was observed that high levels of glucose (HG) time‑ and dose-dependently increased the production of the ECM protein, fibronectin (FN), in primary rat mesangial cells. Inhibition of the Rho pathway blocked HG‑induced FN upregulation. HG‑induced RhoA activation was prevented by inhibiting caveolae with filipin III or caveolin‑1 siRNA and rescued by exogenous caveolin‑1. HG also increased caveolin-1/Src association and activated Src kinase, whereas the inhibition of Src blocked RhoA activation and FN upregulation. Src-mediated phosphorylation of caveolin‑1 on Y14 has also been implicated in signaling responses. Overexpression of the nonphosphorylatable caveolin‑1 Y14A mutant prevented the HG‑induced RhoA activation and FN upregulation. In conclusion, HG‑induced FN upregulation requires caveolae and caveolin‑1 to interact with RhoA and Src kinases. Interference with Src/caveolin-1/RhoA signaling may provide novel mechanistic targets for the treatment of DKD.
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Curcumin attenuates high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis by regulating functional connections between caveolin-1 phosphorylation and ROS. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:645-55. [PMID: 26838071 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is a major multifunctional scaffolding protein of caveolae. Cav-1 is primarily expressed in mesangial cells, renal proximal tubule cells and podocytes in kidneys. Recent evidence shows that the functional connections between cav-1 and ROS play a key role in many diseases. In this study we investigated whether regulating the functional connections between cav-1 and ROS in kidneys contributed to the beneficial effects of curcumin in treating diabetic nephropathy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cultured mouse podocytes (mpc5) were incubated in a high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L) medium for 24, 48 or 72 h. Male rats were injected with STZ (60 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes. ROS generation, SOD activity, MDA content and caspase-3 activity in the cultured cells and kidney cortex homogenate were determined. Apoptotic proteins and cav-1 phosphorylation were analyzed using Western blot analyses. RESULTS Incubation in HG-containing medium time-dependently increased ROS production, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cav-1 phosphorylation in podocytes. Pretreatment with curcumin (1, 5, and 10 μmol/L) dose-dependently attenuated these abnormalities in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, in HG-containing medium, the podocytes transfected with a recombinant plasmid GFP-cav-1 Y14F (mutation at a cav-1 phosphorylation site) exhibited significantly decreased ROS production and apoptosis compared with the cells transfected with empty vector. In diabetic rats, administration of curcumin (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight per day, ig, for 8 weeks) not only significantly improved the renal function, but also suppressed ROS levels, oxidative stress, apoptosis and cav-1 phosphorylation in the kidneys. CONCLUSION Curcumin attenuates high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis in vitro and diabetic nephropathy in vivo partly through regulating the functional connections between cav-1 phosphorylation and ROS.
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16
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Lin J, Wang T, Li Y, Wang M, Li H, Irwin MG, Xia Z. N-Acetylcysteine Restores Sevoflurane Postconditioning Cardioprotection against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9213034. [PMID: 26783539 PMCID: PMC4691468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9213034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of sevoflurane postconditioning (sevo-postC) cardioprotection is compromised in diabetes which is associated with increased oxidative stress. We hypothesized that antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine may enhance or restore sevo-postC cardioprotection in diabetes. Control or streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with N-Acetylcysteine for four weeks starting at five weeks after streptozotocin injection and were subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in the absence or presence of sevo-postC. Diabetes showed reduction of cardiac STAT3 activation (p-STAT3) and adiponectin with concomitantly increase of FoxO1 and CD36, which associated with reduced sevo-postC cardioprotection. N-Acetylcysteine and sevo-postC synergistically reduced the infarct size in diabetic groups. N-Acetylcysteine remarkably increased cardiac p-STAT3 which was further enhanced by sevo-postC. N-Acetylcysteine but not sevo-postC decreased myocardial FoxO1 while sevo-postC but not N-Acetylcysteine significantly increased myocardiac adiponectin in diabetic rats. It is concluded that late stage diabetic rats displayed reduction of cardiac p-STAT3, adiponectin deficiency, and increase of FoxO1 and CD36 expression, which may be responsible for the loss of myocardial responsiveness to sevo-postC cardioprotection. N-Acetylcysteine restored Sevo-postC cardioprotection in diabetes possibly through enhancing cardiac p-STAT3 and adiponectin and reducing Fox1 and CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- *Yalan Li: and
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael G. Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- *Zhengyuan Xia:
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YI EUIYEUN, PARK SHIYOUNG, JUNG SEUNGYOUN, JANG WONJUN, KIM YUNGJIN. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces EMT through the TGF-β/Smad/Snail signaling pathway in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1845-53. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Wang W, Xiao ZD, Li X, Aziz KE, Gan B, Johnson RL, Chen J. AMPK modulates Hippo pathway activity to regulate energy homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:490-9. [PMID: 25751139 PMCID: PMC4380807 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was discovered as a conserved tumour suppressor pathway restricting cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the upstream signals that regulate the Hippo pathway in the context of organ size control and cancer prevention are largely unknown. Here, we report that glucose, the ubiquitous energy source utilised for ATP generation, regulates the Hippo pathway downstream effector YAP. We show that both the Hippo pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were activated during glucose starvation, resulting in phosphorylation of YAP and contributing to its inactivation. We also identified glucose-transporter 3 (GLUT3) as a YAP-regulated gene involved in glucose metabolism. Together, these results demonstrate that glucose-mediated energy homeostasis is an upstream event involved in regulation of the Hippo pathway and, potentially, an oncogenic function of YAP in promoting glycolysis, thereby providing an exciting link between glucose metabolism and the Hippo pathway in tissue maintenance and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhen-Dong Xiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn E Aziz
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- 1] Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- 1] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- 1] Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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19
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MacDonald G, Nalvarte I, Smirnova T, Vecchi M, Aceto N, Dolemeyer A, Frei A, Lienhard S, Wyckoff J, Hess D, Seebacher J, Keusch JJ, Gut H, Salaun D, Mazzarol G, Disalvatore D, Bentires-Alj M, Di Fiore PP, Badache A, Hynes NE. Memo is a copper-dependent redox protein with an essential role in migration and metastasis. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra56. [PMID: 24917593 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Memo is an evolutionarily conserved protein with a critical role in cell motility. We found that Memo was required for migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and spontaneous lung metastasis from breast cancer cell xenografts in vivo. Biochemical assays revealed that Memo is a copper-dependent redox enzyme that promoted a more oxidized intracellular milieu and stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular structures involved in migration. Memo was also required for the sustained production of the ROS O2- by NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 1 (NOX1) in breast cancer cells. Memo abundance was increased in >40% of the primary breast tumors tested, was correlated with clinical parameters of aggressive disease, and was an independent prognostic factor of early distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen MacDonald
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Smirnova
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Vecchi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy. Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland. University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Arno Dolemeyer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Anna Frei
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland. University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Lienhard
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Wyckoff
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jan Seebacher
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy J Keusch
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Gut
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Salaun
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm (U1068), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7258), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Giovanni Mazzarol
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Davide Disalvatore
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | | | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy. Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm (U1068), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7258), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland. University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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20
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Wu SZ, Peng FF, Li JL, Ye F, Lei SQ, Zhang BF. Akt and RhoA activation in response to high glucose require caveolin-1 phosphorylation in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1308-17. [PMID: 24694591 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00447.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic renal disease. Serine/threonine kinase PKC-β1 mediates glucose-induced Akt S473 phosphorylation, RhoA activation, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 upregulation and finally leads to matrix upregulation in mesangial cells (MCs). It has been reported that glucose-induced PKC-β1 activation is dependent on caveolin-1 and the presence of intact caveolae in MCs; however, whether activated PKC-β1 regulates caveolin-1 expression and phosphorylation are unknown. Here, we showed that, although the caveolin-1 protein level had no significant change, the PKC-β-specific inhibitor LY-333531 blocked caveolin-1 Y14 phosphorylation in high glucose (HG)-treated MCs and in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. The Src-specific inhibitor SU-6656 prevented the HG-induced association between PKC-β1 and caveolin-1 and PKC-β1 membrane translocation, whereas PKC-β1 small interfering RNA failed to block Src activation, indicating that Src kinase is upstream of PKC-β1 activation. Although LY-333531 blocked PKC-β1 membrane translocation, it had no effect on the PKC-β1/caveolin-1 association, suggesting that PKC-β1 activation requires the interaction of caveolin-1 and PKC-β1. PKC-β1-mediated Akt S473 phosphorylation, RhoA activation, and fibronectin upregulation in response to HG were prevented by SU-6656 and nonphosphorylatable mutant caveolin-1 Y14A. In conclusion, Src activation by HG mediates the PKC-β1/caveolin-1 association and PKC-β1 activation, which assists in caveolin-1 Y14 phosphorylation by Src kinase. The downstream effects, including Akt S473 phosphorylation, RhoA activation, and fibronectin upregulation, require caveolin-1 Y14 phosphorylation. Caveolin-1 is thus an important mediator of the profibrogenic process in diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Fang-Fang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Shao-Qing Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Spencer NY, Engelhardt JF. The basic biology of redoxosomes in cytokine-mediated signal transduction and implications for disease-specific therapies. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1551-64. [PMID: 24555469 PMCID: PMC3985689 DOI: 10.1021/bi401719r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Redox
reactions have been established as major biological players
in many cellular signaling pathways. Here we review mechanisms of
redox signaling with an emphasis on redox-active signaling endosomes.
Signals are transduced by relatively few reactive oxygen species (ROS),
through very specific redox modifications of numerous proteins and
enzymes. Although ROS signals are typically associated with cellular
injury, these signaling pathways are also critical for maintaining
cellular health at homeostasis. An important component of ROS signaling
pertains to localization and tightly regulated signal transduction
events within discrete microenvironments of the cell. One major aspect
of this specificity is ROS compartmentalization within membrane-enclosed
organelles such as redoxosomes (redox-active endosomes) and the nuclear
envelope. Among the cellular proteins that produce superoxide are
the NADPH oxidases (NOXes), transmembrane proteins that are implicated
in many types of redox signaling. NOXes produce superoxide on only
one side of a lipid bilayer; as such, their orientation dictates the
compartmentalization of ROS and the local control of signaling events
limited by ROS diffusion and/or movement through channels associated
with the signaling membrane. NOX-dependent ROS signaling pathways
can also be self-regulating, with molecular redox sensors that limit
the local production of ROS required for effective signaling. ROS
regulation of the Rac-GTPase, a required co-activator of many NOXes,
is an example of this type of sensor. A deeper understanding of redox
signaling pathways and the mechanisms that control their specificity
will provide unique therapeutic opportunities for aging, cancer, ischemia-reperfusion
injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanya Y Spencer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1009, United States
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22
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Pro-inflammatory/Th1 gene expression shift in high glucose stimulated mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:969-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Xie X, Chang X, Chen L, Huang K, Huang J, Wang S, Shen X, Liu P, Huang H. Berberine ameliorates experimental diabetes-induced renal inflammation and fibronectin by inhibiting the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:56-65. [PMID: 23896433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of glomerular extracellular matrix proteins, especially fibronectin (FN), is a critical pathological characteristic of diabetic renal fibrosis. Inflammation mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). RhoA/ROCK signaling is responsible for FN accumulation and NF-κB activation. Berberine (BBR) treatment significantly inhibited renal inflammation and thus improved renal damage in diabetes. Here, we study whether BBR inhibits FN accumulation and NF-κB activation by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling and the underlying mechanisms involved. Results showed that BBR effectively inhibited RhoA/ROCK signaling activation in diabetic rat kidneys and high glucose-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and simultaneously down-regulated NF-κB activity, which was accompanied by reduced intercellular adhesionmolecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and FN overproduction. Furthermore, we observed that BBR abrogated high glucose-mediated reactive oxygen species generation in GMCs. BBR and N-acetylcysteine inhibited RhoA/ROCK signaling activation in high glucose-exposed GMCs. Collectively, our data suggest that the renoprotective effect of BBR on DN partly depends on RhoA/ROCK inhibition. The anti-oxidative stress effect of BBR is responsible for RhoA/ROCK inhibition in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Guan TH, Chen G, Gao B, Janssen MR, Uttarwar L, Ingram AJ, Krepinsky JC. Caveolin-1 deficiency protects against mesangial matrix expansion in a mouse model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2068-77. [PMID: 23793581 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glomerular matrix protein accumulation, mediated largely by resident mesangial cells (MCs), is central to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We previously showed that caveolin (CAV)-1/caveolae mediate matrix upregulation by MCs in response to high glucose and TGFβ, two important pathogenic mediators of diabetic glomerular sclerosis. Here, we evaluated the in vivo role of CAV-1/caveolae in the development of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced in Cav1-knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts by streptozotocin injection. After 10 months, kidneys were evaluated for the development of nephropathy, including glomerular sclerosis and upregulation of matrix proteins. Parallel experiments assessing glucose-induced matrix upregulation were carried out in MCs isolated from KO mice. RESULTS KO diabetic mice developed hyperglycaemia and renal hypertrophy, but were protected from developing albuminuria and glomerular sclerosis compared with WT mice. KO mice were significantly protected from the upregulation of glomerular collagen I, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TGFβ. In vitro, glucose induced collagen I A1 promoter activation and collagen I, fibronectin and CTGF protein upregulation in WT but not KO MCs. Re-expression of Cav1 in KO cells restored this response. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Cav1 deletion rendered significant protection from glomerular matrix accumulation and albuminuria in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. These studies provide a foundation for the development of renal-targeted interference with CAV-1/caveolae as a novel approach to the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Guan
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, St Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 4A6
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Serum bilirubin may serve as a marker for increased heme oxygenase activity and inducibility in tissues--a rationale for the versatile health protection associated with elevated plasma bilirubin. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:607-10. [PMID: 23932761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin functions intracellularly as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase complexes, and albumin-bound bilirubin contributes significantly to the oxidant scavenging activity of plasma. So it is not surprising that serum levels of bilirubin have been found to correlate inversely with risk for vascular diseases and a host of other disorders. Nonetheless, recent Mendelian randomization analyses reveal that individuals who carry low expression alleles of the hepatic bilirubin conjugating enzyme UGT1A1, and hence have somewhat elevated levels of plasma bilirubin throughout life, are not at decreased risk for vascular disorders. This likely reflects the fact that, in most people, plasma levels of unconjugated, unbound bilirubin--the fraction of bilirubin capable of fluxing back into cells--are so low (near 1 nM) that they can exert only a trivial antioxidant influence on cells. In light of these findings, it is reasonable to propose that the inverse correlation of plasma bilirubin and disease risks noted in many studies often reflect the fact that elevated plasma bilirubin can serve as a marker for an increased propensity to generate bilirubin within cells. Consistent with this view, high expression alleles of the major enzymatic source of bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), do associate with decreased vascular risk in the majority of studies that have addressed this issue, and increased plasma bilirubin has been reported in carriers of these alleles. Hence, the consistent reduction in vascular risk noted in people with Gilbert syndrome (traditionally defined as having serum bilirubin in excess of 20 μM) is likely attributable to an increased rate of bilirubin generation within tissues, rather than to the decreased hepatic UGT1A1 activity that characterizes this syndrome. However, there is good reason to suspect that, at some sufficiently high plasma bilirubin level--as in individuals with very intense Gilbert syndrome or in Gunn rats lacking UGT1A1 activity--the plasma bilirubin pool does indeed provide some antioxidant protection to cells. Strategies for boosting bilirubin production within cells via HO-1 induction, or for mimicking bilirubin's antioxidant activity with cyanobacterial phycobilins, may have important potential for health promotion.
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Meyer C, Liu Y, Dooley S. Caveolin and TGF-β entanglements. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2097-102. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Meyer
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Steven Dooley
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
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Lei S, Li H, Xu J, Liu Y, Gao X, Wang J, Ng KF, Lau WB, Ma XL, Rodrigues B, Irwin MG, Xia Z. Hyperglycemia-induced protein kinase C β2 activation induces diastolic cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats by impairing caveolin-3 expression and Akt/eNOS signaling. Diabetes 2013; 62:2318-28. [PMID: 23474486 PMCID: PMC3712061 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC)β2 is preferably overexpressed in the diabetic myocardium, which induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Caveolae are critical in signal transduction of PKC isoforms in cardiomyocytes. Caveolin (Cav)-3, the cardiomyocyte-specific caveolar structural protein isoform, is decreased in the diabetic heart. The current study determined whether PKCβ2 activation affects caveolae and Cav-3 expression. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that high glucose (HG) increased the association and colocalization of PKCβ2 and Cav-3 in isolated cardiomyocytes. Disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Cav-3 small interfering (si)RNA transfection prevented HG-induced PKCβ2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKCβ2 activation by compound CGP53353 or knockdown of PKCβ2 expression via siRNA attenuated the reductions of Cav-3 expression and Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes exposed to HG. LY333531 treatment (for a duration of 4 weeks) prevented excessive PKCβ2 activation and attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. LY333531 suppressed the decreased expression of myocardial NO, Cav-3, phosphorylated (p)-Akt, and p-eNOS and also mitigated the augmentation of O2(-), nitrotyrosine, Cav-1, and iNOS expression. In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced PKCβ2 activation requires caveolae and is associated with reduced Cav-3 expression in the diabetic heart. Prevention of excessive PKCβ2 activation attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction by restoring Cav-3 expression and subsequently rescuing Akt/eNOS/NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok F.J. Ng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin-liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael G. Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author: Zhengyuan Xia,
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Santos MCS, Louzada RAN, Souza ECL, Fortunato RS, Vasconcelos AL, Souza KLA, Castro JPSW, Carvalho DP, Ferreira ACF. Diabetes mellitus increases reactive oxygen species production in the thyroid of male rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1361-72. [PMID: 23407453 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) disrupts the pituitary-thyroid axis and leads to a higher prevalence of thyroid disease. However, the role of reactive oxygen species in DM thyroid disease pathogenesis is unknown. Dual oxidases (DUOX) is responsible for H(2)O(2) production, which is a cosubstrate for thyroperoxidase, but the accumulation of H(2)O(2) also causes cellular deleterious effects. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is another member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase family expressed in the thyroid. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the thyroid DUOX activity and expression in DM rats in addition to NOX4 expression. In the thyroids of the DM rats, we found increased H(2)O(2) generation due to higher DUOX protein content and DUOX1, DUOX2, and NOX4 mRNA expressions. In rat thyroid PCCL3 cells, both TSH and insulin decreased DUOX activity and DUOX1 mRNA levels, an effect partially reversed by protein kinase A inhibition. Most antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged or decreased in the thyroid of DM rats, whereas only glutathione peroxidase 3 was increased. DUOX1 and NOX4 expression and H(2)O(2) production were significantly higher in cells cultivated with high glucose, which was reversed by protein kinase C inhibition. We conclude that thyroid reactive oxygen species is elevated in experimental rat DM, which is a consequence of low-serum TSH and insulin but is also related to hyperglycemia per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C S Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS-Bloco G-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil
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