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Simião GM, Parreira KS, Klein SG, Ferreira FB, Freitas FDS, Silva EFD, Silva NM, Silva MVD, Lima WR. Involvement of Inflammatory Cytokines, Renal NaPi-IIa Cotransporter, and TRAIL Induced-Apoptosis in Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Pathogens 2024; 13:376. [PMID: 38787228 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA was used to investigate the relationship among pro-inflammatory cytokines, alterations in renal function biomarkers, and the induction of the TRAIL apoptosis pathway during malaria-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). Renal function was evaluated through the measurement of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The mRNA expression of several cytokines and NaPi-IIa was quantified. Kidney sections were examined and cytokine levels were assessed using cytometric bead array (CBA) assays. The presence of glomerular IgG deposits and apoptosis-related proteins were investigated using in situ immunofluorescence assays and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. NaPi-IIa downregulation in the kidneys provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia during CM. Histopathological analysis revealed characteristic features of severe malaria-associated nephritis, including glomerular collapse and tubular alterations. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were upregulated. The TRAIL apoptosis pathway was significantly activated, implicating its role in renal apoptosis. The observed alterations in renal biomarkers and the downregulation of NaPi-IIa shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to renal dysfunction in ECM. The intricate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, along with the activation of the TRAIL apoptosis pathway, highlights the complexity of malaria-associated AKI and provides new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Martins Simião
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonopolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Gabriela Klein
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Experimental Models, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38410-337, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Batista Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Experimental Models, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38410-337, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38405-318, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neide Maria Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38405-318, MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Experimental Models, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38410-337, MG, Brazil
| | - Wânia Rezende Lima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rondonopolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, MT, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Catalao, Catalão 75706-881, GO, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Experimental Models, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38410-337, MG, Brazil
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2
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de Oliveira BKF, de Oliveira Silva E, Ventura S, Vieira GHF, de Pina Victoria CD, Volpini RA, de Fátima Fernandes Vattimo M. Amazonia Phytotherapy Reduces Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Kidneys. Cells 2023; 12:1688. [PMID: 37443721 PMCID: PMC10341095 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden decrease in kidney function. Phytomedicines have shown positive effects in the treatment of AKI worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Abuta grandifolia on the renal function of rats submitted to AKI. A phytochemical study of the plant was performed through liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (CL-EM) and DPPH and ABTS antioxidant tests. Renal function tests were performed in 20 male adult Wistar rats weighing from 250 to 300 g distributed in the following groups: SHAM (submitted to laparotomy with simulation of renal ischemia); ABUTA (animals that received 400 mg/kg of AG, orally-VO, once a day, for 5 days, with simulation of renal ischemia); I/N (animals submitted to laparotomy for clamping of bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min, followed by reperfusion); ABUTA + I/R (animals that received AG-400 mg/kg, 1× per day, VO, for 5 days, submitted to renal ischemia after treatment with herbal medicine). The results suggest that the consumption of Abuta grandifolia promoted renoprotection, preventing the reduction of renal function induced by ischemia, oxidizing activity, and deleterious effects on the renal tissue, confirmed by the decrease of oxidative metabolites and increase of antioxidants in the animals' organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloiza de Oliveira Silva
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (E.d.O.S.); (S.V.); (G.H.F.V.); (C.D.d.P.V.); (M.d.F.F.V.)
| | - Sara Ventura
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (E.d.O.S.); (S.V.); (G.H.F.V.); (C.D.d.P.V.); (M.d.F.F.V.)
| | | | - Carla Djamila de Pina Victoria
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (E.d.O.S.); (S.V.); (G.H.F.V.); (C.D.d.P.V.); (M.d.F.F.V.)
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3
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Hess HW, Baker TB, Keeler JM, Freemas JA, Worley ML, Johnson BD, Schlader ZJ. Elevations in sweat sodium concentration following ischemia-reperfusion injury during passive heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1364-1375. [PMID: 37055036 PMCID: PMC10190839 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00702.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury results in damage to the renal tubules and causes impairments in sodium [Na+] reabsorption. Given the inability to conduct mechanistic renal I/R injury studies in vivo in humans, eccrine sweat glands have been proposed as a surrogate model given the anatomical and physiological similarities. We tested the hypothesis that sweat Na+ concentration is elevated following I/R injury during passive heat stress. We also tested the hypothesis that I/R injury during heat stress will impair cutaneous microvascular function. Fifteen young healthy adults completed ∼160 min of passive heat stress using a water-perfused suit (50°C). At 60 min of whole body heating, one upper arm was occluded for 20 min followed by a 20-min reperfusion. Sweat was collected from each forearm via an absorbent patch pre- and post-I/R. Following the 20-min reperfusion, cutaneous microvascular function was measured via local heating protocol. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as red blood cell flux/mean arterial pressure and normalized to CVC during local heating to 44°C. Na+ concentration was log-transformed and data were reported as a mean change from pre-I/R (95% confidence interval). Changes in sweat sodium concentration from pre-I/R differed between arms post-I/R (experimental arm: +0.97 [+0.67 - 1.27] [LOG] Na+; control arm: +0.68 [+0.38 - 0.99] [LOG] Na+; P < 0.01). However, CVC during the local heating was not different between the experimental (80 ± 10%max) and control arms (78 ± 10%max; P = 0.59). In support of our hypothesis, Na+ concentration was elevated following I/R injury, but likely not accompanied by alterations in cutaneous microvascular function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we have demonstrated that sweat sodium concentration is elevated following ischemia-reperfusion injury during passive heat stress. This does not appear to be mediated by reductions in cutaneous microvascular function or active sweat glands, but may be related to alterations in local sweating responses during heat stress. This study demonstrates a potential use of eccrine sweat glands to understand sodium handling following ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly given the challenges of in vivo studies of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W Hess
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Tyler B Baker
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Jason M Keeler
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Jessica A Freemas
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Morgan L Worley
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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4
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Emmens JE, de Borst MH, Boorsma EM, Damman K, Navis G, van Veldhuisen DJ, Dickstein K, Anker SD, Lang CC, Filippatos G, Metra M, Samani NJ, Ponikowski P, Ng LL, Voors AA, ter Maaten JM. Assessment of Proximal Tubular Function by Tubular Maximum Phosphate Reabsorption Capacity in Heart Failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:228-239. [PMID: 35131929 PMCID: PMC8823926 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03720321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a crucial parameter in heart failure. Much less is known about the importance of tubular function. We addressed the effect of tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption capacity (TmP/GFR), a parameter of proximal tubular function, in patients with heart failure. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We established TmP/GFR (Bijvoet formula) in 2085 patients with heart failure and studied its association with deterioration of kidney function (>25% eGFR decrease from baseline) and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) doubling (baseline to 9 months) using logistic regression analysis and clinical outcomes using Cox proportional hazards regression. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibition by empagliflozin on tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption capacity in 78 patients with acute heart failure using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Low TmP/GFR (<0.80 mmol/L) was observed in 1392 (67%) and 21 (27%) patients. Patients with lower TmP/GFR had more advanced heart failure, lower eGFR, and higher levels of tubular damage markers. The main determinant of lower TmP/GFR was higher fractional excretion of urea (P<0.001). Lower TmP/GFR was independently associated with higher risk of plasma NGAL doubling (odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 4.66; P=0.04) but not with deterioration of kidney function. Lower TmP/GFR was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.73; P=0.005), heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.88; P=0.03), and their combination (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 3.36; P=0.03) after multivariable adjustment. Empagliflozin significantly increased TmP/GFR compared with placebo after 1 day (P=0.004) but not after adjustment for eGFR change. CONCLUSIONS TmP/GFR, a measure of proximal tubular function, is frequently reduced in heart failure, especially in patients with more advanced heart failure. Lower TmP/GFR is furthermore associated with future risk of plasma NGAL doubling and worse clinical outcomes, independent of glomerular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Emmens
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M. Boorsma
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Damman
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Chim C. Lang
- School of Medicine Centre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,Cardiology Department, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leong L. Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adriaan A. Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jozine M. ter Maaten
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rehman MU, Farooq A, Ali R, Bashir S, Bashir N, Majeed S, Taifa S, Ahmad SB, Arafah A, Sameer AS, Khan R, Qamar W, Rasool S, Ahmad A. Preclinical Evidence for the Pharmacological Actions of Glycyrrhizic Acid: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:436-465. [PMID: 32562521 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200620204914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Family: Fabaceae) is one of the important traditional medicinal plant used extensively in folk medicine. It is known for its ethnopharmacological value in curing a wide variety of ailments. Glycyrrhizin, an active compound of G. glabra, possesses anti-inflammatory activity due to which it is mostly used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment and management of chronic diseases. The present review is focused extensively on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and potential effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA). A thorough literature survey was conducted to identify various studies that reported on the GA on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Farooq
- RAKCOPS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AL Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rayeesa Ali
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Sana Bashir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Nazirah Bashir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Samia Majeed
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aga Syed Sameer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-therapeutics, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (DST-INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Mana pgement, Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-therapeutics, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (DST-INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
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6
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Chavan S, Mangalaparthi KK, Singh S, Renuse S, Vanderboom PM, Madugundu AK, Budhraja R, McAulay K, Grys TE, Rule AD, Alexander MP, O'Horo JC, Badley AD, Pandey A. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Urine from COVID-19 Patients for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Antigen and to Study Host Response. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3404-3413. [PMID: 34077217 PMCID: PMC8189038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a major public health burden and affects many organs including lungs, kidneys, the liver, and the brain. Although the virus is readily detected and diagnosed using nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), detection of its presence in body fluids is fraught with difficulties. A number of published studies have failed to detect viral RNA by RT-PCR methods in urine. Although microbial identification in clinical microbiology using mass spectrometry is undertaken after culture, here we undertook a mass spectrometry-based approach that employed an enrichment step to capture and detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein directly from urine of COVID-19 patients without any culture. We detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides from 13 out of 39 urine samples. Further, a subset of COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative urine samples validated by mass spectrometry were used for the quantitative proteomics analysis. Proteins with increased abundance in urine of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals were enriched in the acute phase response, regulation of complement system, and immune response. Notably, a number of renal proteins such as podocin (NPHS2), an amino acid transporter (SLC36A2), and sodium/glucose cotransporter 5 (SLC5A10), which are intimately involved in normal kidney function, were decreased in the urine of COVID-19 patients. Overall, the detection of viral antigens in urine using mass spectrometry and alterations of the urinary proteome could provide insights into understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chavan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Smrita Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Patrick M Vanderboom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Anil Kumar Madugundu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Kathrine McAulay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, United States
| | - Thomas E Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, United States
| | - Andrew D Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Mariam P Alexander
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - John C O'Horo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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7
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Park HJ, Kong MJ, Jang HJ, Cho JI, Park EJ, Lee IK, Frøkiær J, Norregaard R, Park KM, Kwon TH. A nonbiodegradable scaffold-free cell sheet of genome-engineered mesenchymal stem cells inhibits development of acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2021; 99:117-133. [PMID: 32853632 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy using genome-engineered stem cells has emerged as a novel strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases. By exploiting genome editing technology, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) secreting an angiogenic factors or an anti-inflammatory factor were generated for therapeutic application in acute kidney injury. Junction polymerase chain reaction analysis verified zinc finger nucleases-assisted integration of the desired gene into the hUC-MSCs. Flow cytometry and differentiation assays indicated that genome editing did not affect the differentiation potential of these mesenchymal stem cells. Protein measurement in conditioned media with the use of ELISA and immunoblotting revealed the production and secretion of each integrated gene product. For cell therapy in the bilateral ischemia-reperfusion mouse model of acute kidney injury, our innovative scaffold-free cell sheets were established using a non-biodegradable temperature-responsive polymer. One of each type of scaffold-free cell sheets of either the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial grown factor or angiopoietin-1, or the anti-inflammatory factor erythropoietin, or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-secreting hUC-MSCs was applied to the decapsulated kidney surface. This resulted in significant amelioration of kidney dysfunction in the mice with acute kidney injury, effects that were superior to intravenous administration of the same genome-engineered hUC-MSCs. Thus, our scaffold-free cell sheets of genome-engineered mesenchymal stem cells provides therapeutic effects by inhibiting acute kidney injury via angiogenesis or anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kong
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-In Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Norregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.
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8
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Lima NKS, Farias WRA, Cirilo MAS, Oliveira AG, Farias JS, Aires RS, Muzi-Filho H, Paixão ADO, Vieira LD. Renal ischemia-reperfusion leads to hypertension and changes in proximal tubule Na + transport and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Role of NADPH oxidase. Life Sci 2020; 266:118879. [PMID: 33310030 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute renal injury (AKI) is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, which involves oxidative stress, changes in Na+ handling, and the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as underlying mechanisms. We investigated in rats whether renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) leads to changes in the proximal tubule ATP-dependent Na+ transport and the intrarenal content of RAAS components, as well as the role of NADPH oxidase. Rats weighing 300-350 g were submitted to AKI by bilateral IR (n = 25). After IR injury, the animals were followed up for 4 weeks. One part (n = 7) received daily treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (100 mg/kg, drinking water), while another part (n = 9) received apocynin 24 h before and after IR. One group was submitted to sham surgery (n = 8). Four weeks after IR, the rats presented elevated systolic blood pressure, as well as increased lipid peroxidation, NADPH oxidase activity, (Na++K+)ATPase activity, and upregulation of type 1 angiotensin II receptor in the renal cortex. On the other hand, there was a decrease in Na+-ATPase activity and downregulation of the isoforms 1 and 2 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, type 2 angiotensin II receptor, and of the α and ε isoforms of protein kinase C. Most of these alterations was prevented by both apocynin treatment protocols. Thus, we conclude that AKI-induced by IR may induce changes in proximal tubule ATPases and RAAS components compatible with renal Na+ retention and hypertension. These data also indicate that the NADPH oxidase represents a key factor in the origin of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália K S Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Wilka R A Farias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marry A S Cirilo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angélica G Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Juliane S Farias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Regina S Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Humberto Muzi-Filho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana D O Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leucio D Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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9
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Effects of Ischemia-Reperfusion on Tubular Cell Membrane Transporters and Consequences in Kidney Transplantation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082610. [PMID: 32806541 PMCID: PMC7464608 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury (IRI) is an inevitable event in kidney transplantation. It is a complex pathophysiological process associated with numerous structural and metabolic changes that have a profound influence on the early and the late function of the transplanted kidney. Proximal tubular cells are particularly sensitive to IRI. These cells are involved in renal and whole-body homeostasis, detoxification processes and drugs elimination by a transporter-dependent, transcellular transport system involving Solute Carriers (SLCs) and ATP Binding Cassettes (ABCs) transporters. Numerous studies conducted mainly in animal models suggested that IRI causes decreased expression and activity of some major tubular transporters. This could favor uremic toxins accumulation and renal metabolic alterations or impact the pharmacokinetic/toxicity of drugs used in transplantation. It is of particular importance to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of IR on tubular transporters in order to improve the mechanistic understanding of IRI pathophysiology, identify biomarkers of graft function or promote the design and development of novel and effective therapies. Modulation of transporters’ activity could thus be a new therapeutic opportunity to attenuate kidney injury during IR.
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10
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Kar F, Hacioglu C, Senturk H, Donmez DB, Kanbak G, Uslu S. Curcumin and LOXblock-1 ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion induced inflammation and acute kidney injury by suppressing the semaphorin-plexin pathway. Life Sci 2020; 256:118016. [PMID: 32603817 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), a clinical syndrome with kidney dysfunction and high mortality rates. New diagnostic biomarkers need to be defined to better illuminate the pathophysiology of AKI. For the first time, we aim to investigate the protective effects of Curcumin which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and 12/15 lipoxygenase inhibitor LOXblock-1 on I/R induced AKI by modulating inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, apoptosis and semaphorin-plexin pathway. MAIN METHODS The rats were divided into five groups, with eight animals per group: Sham, I/R, I/R + DMSO (1%, i.p.), I/R + Curcumin (100 mg/kg, i.p.), I/R + LOXblock-1 (2 μg/kg, i.p.). KEY FINDINGS The renal function biomarkers (BUN, CREA and UA) in serum were significantly increased in the I/R group. The inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1), apoptotic (CYCS and CASP3) and oxidative stress parameters (MDA, MPO, TAS and TOS) measured by ELISA were significantly increased in the I/R group. In histopathological analysis, it was observed that I/R caused serious damage to kidney tissue. SEMA3A was found to increase both serum level and mRNA expression in I/R group. It was observed that curcumin and LOXblock-1 reduce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress and apoptosis via the semaphorin-plexin pathway by both measurements and histopathological analysis. Curcumin was proved more effective than LOXblock-1 with its antioxidant feature in I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE The current study reveals the protective effects of Curcumin and LOXblock-1 on acute kidney injury by suppressing SEMA3A as a new biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Senturk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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11
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Verschuren EHJ, Castenmiller C, Peters DJM, Arjona FJ, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Sensing of tubular flow and renal electrolyte transport. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:337-351. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Peruchetti DB, Freitas AC, Pereira VC, Lopes JV, Takiya CM, Nascimento NR, Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C. PKB is a central molecule in the modulation of Na+-ATPase activity by albumin in renal proximal tubule cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 674:108115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury impairs renal calcium, magnesium, and phosphate handling in mice. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:901-914. [PMID: 30685787 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are elevated in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The consequences on renal Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi regulatory mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury alters the expression of important renal Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi transport proteins. I/R injury was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by clamping both renal arteries for 27 min. Mice were investigated 18 h later. The mRNA and protein levels of renal Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi transport proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. I/R injury-induced hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia were paralleled by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and an increase in the fractional excretion of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi. I/R injury affected the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-klotho-vitamin D axis by increasing plasma levels of FGF23 and downregulation of renal klotho expression. Plasma levels of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were unchanged. Further, downregulation of key genes for paracellular reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (claudin (Cldn)2, Cldn10b, Cldn16, Cldn19) and for active transcellular transport of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi (calbindin-D28K, Ncx1, Pmca4, Cnnm2, Trpm7, NaPi-2a, and NaPi-2c) was observed. However, renal expression of Trpv5 and Trpv6 was increased. In vitro studies support a direct effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the mRNA expression of Cldn16, Cldn19, and Trpv6. Our findings indicate that renal I/R injury increases FGF23 blood levels independent of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This increase is associated with hypermagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased or decreased expression of specific renal Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi transporters, respectively.
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14
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Yu G, Liu Q, Dong X, Tang K, Li B, Liu C, Zhang W, Wang Y, Jin Y. Inhibition of inflammation using diacerein markedly improved renal function in endotoxemic acute kidney injured mice. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:38. [PMID: 30140293 PMCID: PMC6097202 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is an important pathogenic component of endotoxemia-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), finally resulting in renal failure. Diacerein is an interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibitor used for osteoarthritis treatment by exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of diacerein on endotoxemia-induced AKI. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) for 24 h prior to diacerein treatment (15 mg/kg/day) for another 48 h. Mice were examined by histological, molecular and biochemical approaches. RESULTS LPS administration showed a time-dependent increase of IL-1β expression and secretion in kidney tissues. Diacerein treatment normalized urine volume and osmolarity, reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), serum creatinine and osmolarity, and protected renal function in an endotoxemic AKI mice model. In the histopathologic study, diacerein also improved renal tubular damage such as necrosis of the tubular segment. Moreover, diacerein inhibited LPS-induced increase of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and nitric oxide synthase 2. In addition, LPS administration markedly decreased aquaporin 1 (AQP1), AQP2, AQP3, Na,K-ATPase α1, apical type 3 Na/H exchanger and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter expression in the kidney, which was reversed by diacerein treatment. We also found that diacerein or IL-1β inhibition prevented the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the decrease of AQP and sodium transporter expression induced by LPS in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates for the first time that diacerein improves renal function efficiently in endotoxemic AKI mice by suppressing inflammation and altering tubular water and sodium handing. These results suggest that diacerein may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of endotoxemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Yu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuening Dong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaihong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Bohui Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiduo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Jin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
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15
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Ow CPC, Ngo JP, Ullah MM, Barsha G, Meex RC, Watt MJ, Hilliard LM, Koeners MP, Evans RG. Absence of renal hypoxia in the subacute phase of severe renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1358-F1369. [PMID: 30110566 PMCID: PMC6293301 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00249.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia has been proposed as an important event in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), particularly during the period of ischemia and in the immediate hours following reperfusion. However, little is known about renal oxygenation during the subacute phase of IRI. We employed four different methods to assess the temporal and spatial changes in tissue oxygenation during the subacute phase (24 h and 5 days after reperfusion) of a severe form of renal IRI in rats. We hypothesized that the kidney is hypoxic 24 h and 5 days after an hour of bilateral renal ischemia, driven by a disturbed balance between renal oxygen delivery (Do2) and oxygen consumption (V̇o2). Renal Do2 was not significantly reduced in the subacute phase of IRI. In contrast, renal V̇o2 was 55% less 24 h after reperfusion and 49% less 5 days after reperfusion than after sham ischemia. Inner medullary tissue Po2, measured by radiotelemetry, was 25 ± 12% (mean ± SE) greater 24 h after ischemia than after sham ischemia. By 5 days after reperfusion, tissue Po2 was similar to that in rats subjected to sham ischemia. Tissue Po2 measured by Clark electrode was consistently greater 24 h, but not 5 days, after ischemia than after sham ischemia. Cellular hypoxia, assessed by pimonidazole adduct immunohistochemistry, was largely absent at both time points, and tissue levels of hypoxia-inducible factors were downregulated following renal ischemia. Thus, in this model of severe IRI, tissue hypoxia does not appear to be an obligatory event during the subacute phase, likely because of the markedly reduced oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie P C Ow
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Jennifer P Ngo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Giannie Barsha
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Ruth C Meex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutritional and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucinda M Hilliard
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Maarten P Koeners
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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16
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Vangala C, Pan J, Cotton RT, Ramanathan V. Mineral and Bone Disorders After Kidney Transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:211. [PMID: 30109232 PMCID: PMC6079303 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of mineral and bone disorders among patients with chronic kidney disease is substantially elevated, owing largely to alterations in calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. The interwoven relationship among these minerals and hormones results in maladaptive responses that are differentially affected by the process of kidney transplantation. Interpretation of conventional labs, imaging, and other fracture risk assessment tools are not standardized in the post-transplant setting. Post-transplant bone disease is not uniformly improved and considerable variation exists in monitoring and treatment practices. A spectrum of abnormalities such as hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, osteopenia, and osteoporosis are commonly encountered in the post-transplant period. Thus, reducing fracture risk and other bone-related complications requires recognition of these abnormalities along with the risk incurred by concomitant immunosuppression use. As kidney transplant recipients continue to age, the drivers of bone disease vary throughout the post-transplant period among persistent hyperparathyroidism, de novo hyperparathyroidism, and osteoporosis. The use of anti-resorptive therapies require understanding of different options and the clinical scenarios that warrant their use. With limited studies underscoring clinical events such as fractures, expert understanding of MBD physiology, and surrogate marker interpretation is needed to determine ideal and individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Vangala
- Division of Nephrology and Solid-Organ Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jenny Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Solid-Organ Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ronald T Cotton
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Venkat Ramanathan
- Division of Nephrology and Solid-Organ Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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van Londen M, Aarts BM, Sanders JSF, Hillebrands JL, Bakker SJL, Navis G, de Borst MH. Tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption capacity in living kidney donors is independently associated with one-year recipient GFR. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F196-F202. [PMID: 28978532 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00287.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The donor glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured before kidney donation is a strong determinant of recipient graft outcome. No tubular function markers have been identified that can similarly be used in donors to predict recipient outcomes. In the present study we investigated whether the pre-donation tubular maximum reabsorption capacity of phosphate (TmP-GFR), which may be considered a functional tubular marker in healthy kidney donors, is associated with recipient GFR at 1 yr after transplantation, a key determinant of long-term outcome. We calculated the pre-donation TmP-GFR from serum and 24-h urine phosphate and creatinine levels in 165 kidney donors, and recipient 125I-iothalamate GFR and eGFR (CKD-EPI) at 12 mo after transplantation. Kidney donors were 51 ± 10 yr old, 47% were men, and mean GFR was 118 ± 26 ml/min. The donor TmP-GFR was associated with recipient GFR 12 mo after transplantation (GFR 6.0 ml/min lower per 1 mg/dl decrement of TmP-GFR), which persisted after multivariable adjustment for donor age, sex, pre-donation GFR, and blood pressure and other potential confounders. Results were highly similar when eGFR at 12 mo was taken as the outcome. Tubular damage markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were low and not associated with recipient GFR. A lower donor TmP-GFR before donation, which may be considered to represent a functional measure of tubular phosphate reabsorption capacity, is independently associated with a lower recipient GFR 1 yr after transplantation. These data are the first to link donor tubular phosphate reabsorption with recipient GFR post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology
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18
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Kierulf-Lassen C, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Damgaard M, Laustsen C, Pedersen M, Krag S, Birn H, Nørregaard R, Jespersen B. Unilateral nephrectomy diminishes ischemic acute kidney injury through enhanced perfusion and reduced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190009. [PMID: 29267404 PMCID: PMC5739457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) is suggested to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the remaining kidney, the mechanisms underlying this protection remain to be elucidated. In this study, functional MRI was employed in a renal IRI rat model to reveal global and regional changes in renal filtration, perfusion, oxygenation and sodium handling, and microarray and pathway analyses were conducted to identify protective molecular mechanisms. Wistar rats were randomized to either UNx or sham UNx immediately prior to 37 minutes of unilateral renal artery clamping or sham operation under sevoflurane anesthesia. MRI was performed 24 hours after reperfusion. Blood and renal tissue were harvested. RNA was isolated for microarray analysis and QPCR validation of gene expression results. The perfusion (T1 value) was significantly enhanced in the medulla of the post-ischemic kidney following UNx. UNx decreased the expression of fibrogenic genes, i.a. Col1a1, Fn1 and Tgfb1 in the post-ischemic kidney. This was associated with a marked decrease in markers of activated myofibroblasts (Acta2/α-Sma and Cdh11) and macrophages (Ccr2). This was most likely facilitated by down-regulation of Pdgfra, thus inhibiting pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation, chemokine production (Ccl2/Mcp1) and macrophage infiltration. UNx reduced ischemic histopathologic injury. UNx may exert renoprotective effects against IRI through increased perfusion in the renal medulla and alleviation of the acute pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses possibly through decreased myofibroblast activation. The identified pathways involved may serve as potential therapeutic targets and should be taken into account in experimental models of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Kierulf-Lassen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Damgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Pedersen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Krag
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Transient Fanconi syndrome in two preterm infants with hydronephrosis and urinary tract infection. CEN Case Rep 2017; 6:88-90. [PMID: 28509132 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-017-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV renal tubular acidosis is known to occur in obstructive uropathy with urinary tract infection. Fanconi syndrome, however, has not been described in these settings. We report two preterm infants who developed Fanconi syndrome associated with hydronephrosis and urinary tract infection. Patient 1 is a boy with 21 trisomy, bilateral renal hypoplasia and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux delivered at 35 weeks' gestation. At postnatal day 42, he developed Fanconi syndrome after urinary tract infection, which persisted until the surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux. Patient 2 was delivered at 35 weeks' gestation. At postnatal day 9, he was admitted for severe dehydration. He had phimosis and ultrasonography showed left pelviectasis. Laboratory data were compatible with Fanconi syndrome, which resolved spontaneously after fluid therapy. Subsequently urine culture grew bacteria and treatment for infection and topical corticosteroid for phimosis were performed. DMSA scintigraphy performed later showed left renal scar. Tubular cell stretch, due to vesicoureteral reflux in Patient 1 and phimosis in Patient 2, and urinary tract infection in association with immaturity of tubules are thought to have caused Fanconi syndrome.
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20
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Melis N, Rubera I, Cougnon M, Giraud S, Mograbi B, Belaid A, Pisani DF, Huber SM, Lacas-Gervais S, Fragaki K, Blondeau N, Vigne P, Frelin C, Hauet T, Duranton C, Tauc M. Targeting eIF5A Hypusination Prevents Anoxic Cell Death through Mitochondrial Silencing and Improves Kidney Transplant Outcome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:811-822. [PMID: 27612998 PMCID: PMC5328152 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which is highly conserved throughout evolution, has the unique characteristic of post-translational activation through hypusination. This modification is catalyzed by two enzymatic steps involving deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Notably, eIF5A may be involved in regulating the lifespan of Drosophila during long-term hypoxia. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of a link between eIF5A hypusination and cellular resistance to hypoxia/anoxia. Pharmacologic targeting of DHPS by N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7) or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of DHPS or DOHH induced tolerance to anoxia in immortalized mouse renal proximal cells. Furthermore, GC7 treatment of cells reversibly induced a metabolic shift toward glycolysis as well as mitochondrial remodeling and led to downregulated expression and activity of respiratory chain complexes, features characteristic of mitochondrial silencing. GC7 treatment also attenuated anoxia-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in these cells and in normoxic conditions, decreased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate of cultured cells and mice. In rats, intraperitoneal injection of GC7 substantially reduced renal levels of hypusinated eIF5A and protected against ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury. Finally, in the preclinical pig kidney transplant model, intravenous injection of GC7 before kidney removal significantly improved graft function recovery and late graft function and reduced interstitial fibrosis after transplant. This unconventional signaling pathway offers an innovative therapeutic target for treating hypoxic-ischemic human diseases and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Melis
- Laboratoire de Physio-Médecine Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7370
| | - Isabelle Rubera
- Laboratoire de Physio-Médecine Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7370
| | - Marc Cougnon
- Laboratoire de Physio-Médecine Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7370
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1082 Ischémie Reperfusion en Transplantation d'Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Poitiers, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; and
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1081
| | - Amine Belaid
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1081
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7277 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1091
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Konstantina Fragaki
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1081
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Institut de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR7275, University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul Vigne
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7277 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1091
| | - Christian Frelin
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7277 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1091
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1082 Ischémie Reperfusion en Transplantation d'Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Poitiers, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; and
| | - Christophe Duranton
- Laboratoire de Physio-Médecine Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7370
| | - Michel Tauc
- Laboratoire de Physio-Médecine Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7370,
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Wang X, Chen H, Chang C, Jiang M, Wang X, Xu L. Study the therapeutic mechanism of Amomum compactum in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury rat based on a back propagation neural network algorithm. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cardoso de Castro LU, Ida KK, Otsuki DA, Sanches TR, Volpini RA, Borges EDS, Malbouisson LMS, Andrade L. Vasopressin analog terlipressin attenuates kidney injury in hemorrhagic shock. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2016; 1:e000039. [PMID: 29766070 PMCID: PMC5891712 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2016-000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In hemorrhagic shock (HS), volume replacement with crystalloid solution can restore the hemodynamic status and decrease mortality. However, it can also lead to tissue edema and pulmonary congestion, as well as increasing vascular permeability. Here, we analyzed the effects that resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or administration of the vasopressin analog terlipressin has on renal function in a porcine model of HS. Methods Using pressure-controlled bleeding, we induced pigs to HS, maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 40 mm Hg for 30 min. Animals were divided into 4 groups: sham (anesthesia only); shock-only (HS induction); shock+LRS (HS induction and subsequent resuscitation with LRS at 3 times the volume of blood removed); and shock+Terli (HS induction and subsequent bolus administration of 2 mg of terlipressin). Parameters were evaluated at baseline, then at 30, 60, and 120 min after treatment (T30, T60, and T120, respectively). Animals were euthanized at T60 or T120. Results Both treatments restored MAP to baseline values. At T30 and T60, creatinine clearance was highest in shock+LRS pigs, whereas it was highest in shock+Terli pigs at T120. Both treatments initially induced hyponatremia, although urinary excretion of all ions was higher in shock+LRS pigs at T30. Both treatments restored Na-K-2Cl cotransporter expression, whereas only terlipressin restored aquaporin 2 expression. Both treatments also prevented HS-induced acute tubular necrosis. Expression of the vasopressin receptors V1a and V2 was highest in shock-only pigs. At T120, V1a expression was lowest in shock+LRS pigs. Discussion Terlipressin might be useful for preventing HS-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keila Kazue Ida
- Anesthesiology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Aya Otsuki
- Anesthesiology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Rojas Sanches
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rildo A Volpini
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilyn da Silva Borges
- Anesthesiology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Andrade
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vallon V. Tubular Transport in Acute Kidney Injury: Relevance for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Intervention. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:160-166. [PMID: 27238156 DOI: 10.1159/000446448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis and recovery of acute kidney injury (AKI) are mainly based on the rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its subsequent recovery. The factors that determine kidney recovery and reduce the risk of subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), however, are poorly understood. Thus, there is a need to better define the magnitude and time pattern of changes in kidney function during AKI and its recovery that go beyond GFR. Tubular transport regulates body homeostasis and the associated transport work is a primary determinant of the kidneys' energy needs. The tubular system is at the center of the pathophysiology of AKI and its recovery. In particular, proximal tubules and thick ascending limbs have been proposed to act as sensors, effectors and injury recipients of AKI stimuli. Surprisingly little attention has been given to aspects of tubular transport function in AKI and the relevance for kidney recovery. This review aims to outline changes in tubular transport function in AKI, discusses their potential consequences and relevance for the diagnosis and prognosis of AKI and its recovery, including changes in GFR, and poses the question whether tubular transport provides an opportunity for intervention to rest the tubular system, which may have consequences for the progression to CKD. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif., USA
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Jung JW, Lee MS, Choi HJ, Jung S, Lee YJ, Hwang GS, Kwon TH. Mass spectrometric imaging of metabolites in kidney tissues from rats treated with furosemide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1317-27. [PMID: 26962105 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00524.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, metabolic processes are different among the cortex (COR), outer medulla (OM), and inner medulla (IM). Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we examined the change of metabolites in the COR, OM, and IM of the rat kidney after furosemide treatment compared with vehicle-treated controls. Osmotic minipumps were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg·day(-1)·rat(-1) of furosemide. Vehicle-treated (n = 14) and furosemide-treated (furosemide rats, n = 15) rats in metabolic cages received a fixed amount of rat chow (15 g·220 g body wt(-1)·day(-1) for each rat) with free access to water intake for 6 days. At day 6, higher urine output (32 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 1 ml/day) and lower urine osmolality (546 ± 44 vs. 1,677 ± 104 mosmol/kgH2O) were observed in furosemide rats. Extracts of COR, OM, and IM were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, where multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. Several metabolites, including acetylcarnitine, betaine, carnitine, choline, and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), were significantly changed. The changes of metabolites were further identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and IMS. Their spatial distribution and relative quantitation in the kidneys were analyzed by IMS. Carnitine compounds were increased in COR and IM, whereas carnitine and acetylcarnitine were decreased in OM. Choline compounds were increased in COR and OM but decreased in IM from furosemide rats. Betaine and GPC were decreased in OM and IM. Taken together, MALDI-TOF/TOF and IMS successfully provide the spatial distribution and relative quantitation of metabolites in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea; and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Agarwal A, Dong Z, Harris R, Murray P, Parikh SM, Rosner MH, Kellum JA, Ronco C. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:1288-99. [PMID: 26860342 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AKI, focusing on epithelial cell pathobiology and related cell-cell interactions, using ischemic AKI as a model. Highlighted are the clinical relevance of cellular and molecular targets that have been investigated in experimental models of ischemic AKI and how such models might be improved to optimize translation into successful clinical trials. In particular, development of more context-specific animal models with greater relevance to human AKI is urgently needed. Comorbidities that could alter patient susceptibility to AKI, such as underlying diabetes, aging, obesity, cancer, and CKD, should also be considered in developing these models. Finally, harmonization between academia and industry for more clinically relevant preclinical testing of potential therapeutic targets and better translational clinical trial design is also needed to achieve the goal of developing effective interventions for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, and Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Raymond Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patrick Murray
- Department of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mitchell H Rosner
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, and the Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, and the International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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Nørregaard R, Kwon TH, Frøkiær J. Physiology and pathophysiology of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the kidney. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2015; 34:194-200. [PMID: 26779421 PMCID: PMC4688592 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is the major pathway catalyzing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs). PGs are lipid mediators implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney, including renal hemodynamics, body water and sodium balance, and the inflammatory injury characteristic in multiple renal diseases. Since the beginning of 1990s, it has been confirmed that COX exists in 2 isoforms, referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Even though the 2 enzymes are similar in size and structure, COX-1 and COX-2 are regulated by different systems and have different functional roles. This review summarizes the current data on renal expression of the 2 COX isoforms and highlights mainly the role of COX-2 and PGE2 in several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nørregaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Dysregulated phosphate metabolism is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease, and is characterized by a high circulating level of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperphosphataemia. Kidney transplantation can elicit specific alterations to phosphate metabolism that evolve over time, ranging from severe hypophosphataemia (<0.5 mmol/l) to hyperphosphataemia (>1.50 mmol/l) and high FGF-23 levels. The majority of renal transplant recipients develop hypophosphataemia during the first 3 months after transplantation as a consequence of relatively slow adaptation of FGF-23 and parathyroid hormone levels to restored renal function, and the influence of immunosuppressive drugs. By 3-12 months after transplantation, phosphate homeostasis is at least partially restored in the majority of recipients, which is paralleled by a substantially reduced risk of cardiovascular-associated morbidity and mortality compared with the pre-transplantation setting. Many renal transplant recipients, however, exhibit persistent abnormalities in phosphate homeostasis, which is often due to multifactorial causes, and may contribute to adverse outcomes on the cardiovascular system, kidney, and bone. Dietary and pharmacologic interventions might improve phosphate homeostasis in renal transplant recipients, but additional insight into the pathophysiology of transplantation-associated abnormalities in phosphate homeostasis is needed to further optimize disease management and improve prognosis for renal transplant recipients.
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Lobb I, Sonke E, Aboalsamh G, Sener A. Hydrogen sulphide and the kidney: Important roles in renal physiology and pathogenesis and treatment of kidney injury and disease. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Recombinant human erythropoietin pretreatment attenuates acute renal tubular injury against ischemia-reperfusion by restoring transient receptor potential channel-6 expression and function in collecting ducts. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e663-72. [PMID: 25072760 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute renal tubular injury is a serious complication in the postoperative period, which is associated with high mortality and increased ICU stay. We aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of rhEPO against acute tubular injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and to explore the mechanism of canonical transient receptor potential channel-6. DESIGN Randomized laboratory animal study. SETTINGS Animal research laboratory. INTERVENTIONS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the control group, and the rhEPO group. Experimental acute tubular injury was established in rats by bilateral renal arterial occlusion for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood samples were obtained for cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin measurements by enzyme-linked immunosorbance assays. Seventy-two hours after reperfusion, urine samples were collected for osmolality and fractional excretion of sodium (%) assays on a chemistry analyzer. Kidneys were harvested at 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. Transient receptor potential channel-6, aquaporin-2, and Na,K-ATPase expression in collecting ducts were studied by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Coimmunoprecipitations were also performed to identify the possible signalplex relation between transient receptor potential channel-6 and aquaporin-2 or Na,K-ATPase channels. RhEPO pretreatment significantly inhibited serum cystatin-C (2 hr: 453 ± 64 μg/L vs 337 ± 28 μg/L, p < 0.01), serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (72 hr: 1,175 ± 107 ng/L vs 1,737 ± 402 ng/L, p < 0.05), and urinary fractional excretion of sodium (%) increase (0.9 ± 0.1 vs 2.2 ± 0.8, p < 0.05) and alleviated the decrease of urinary osmolality (1,293 ± 101 mosmol/kg H2O vs 767 ± 91 mosmol/kg H2O, p < 0.05) induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Meanwhile, recombinant human erythropoietin greatly improved the ischemia-reperfusion-induced attenuation of transient receptor potential channel-6 expression (48 hr: 42% ± 2% vs 67% ± 2% and 72 hr: 55% ± 2% vs 66% ± 2%), as well as aquaporin-2 and Na,K-ATPase expression in collecting ducts. Transient receptor potential channel-6 functionally interacted with Na,K-ATPase but not aquaporin-2. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant human erythropoietin pretreatment at the dose of 5,000 IU/kg potently prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute tubular injury, which might be partly attributed to the restoring the effect of transient receptor potential channel-6 expression and collecting duct function.
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Ikeda S, Yamamoto H, Masuda M, Takei Y, Nakahashi O, Kozai M, Tanaka S, Nakao M, Taketani Y, Segawa H, Iwano M, Miyamoto KI, Takeda E. Downregulation of renal type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F744-50. [PMID: 24500689 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00474.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a) plays a critical role in reabsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by renal proximal tubular cells. Pi abnormalities during early stages of sepsis have been reported, but the mechanisms regulating Pi homeostasis during acute inflammation are poorly understood. We examined the regulation of Pi metabolism and renal Npt2a expression during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mice. Dose-response and time-course studies with LPS showed significant increases of plasma Pi and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and renal Pi excretion, while renal calcium excretion was significantly decreased. There was no difference in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, but the induction of plasma intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels peaked 3 h after LPS treatment. Western blotting, immunostaining, and quantitative real-time PCR showed that LPS administration significantly decreased Npt2a protein expression in the brush border membrane (BBM) 3 h after injection, but there was no change in renal Npt2a mRNA levels. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-α injection also increased plasma iPTH and decreased renal BBM Npt2a expression. Importantly, we revealed that parathyroidectomized rats had impaired renal Pi excretion and BBM Npt2a expression in response to LPS. These results suggest that the downregulation of Npt2a expression in renal BBM through induction of plasma iPTH levels alter Pi homeostasis during LPS-induced acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Ikeda
- Dept. of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-ai Univ., Ohde-cho 3-1-1, Echizen city, Fukui 915-8586, Japan.
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Yang Y, Wei RB, Zheng XY, Qiu Q, Cui SY, Yin Z, Shi SZ, Chen XM. Effects of compound Shenhua tablet on renal tubular Na+-K+-ATPase in rats with acute ischemic reperfusion injury. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:200-8. [PMID: 24464369 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Compound Shenhua Tablet (, SHT) on the sodium-potassium- exchanging adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) in the renal tubular epithelial cells of rats with acute ischemic reperfusion and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of SHT on renal ischemic reperfusion injury (RIRI). METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham surgery group, model group, astragaloside group [150 mg/(kg·d)], SHT low-dose group [1.5 g/(kg·d)] and SHT high-dose group [3.0 g/(kg·d)], with 10 rats in each group. After 1 week of continuous intragastric drug administration, surgery was performed to establish the model. At either 24 or 72 h after the surgery, 5 rats in each group were sacrificed, blood biochemistry, renal pathology, immunoblot and immunohistochemical examinations were performed, and double immunofluorescence staining was observed under a laser confocal microscope. RESULTS Compared with the sham surgery group, the serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly increased, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase protein level was decreased, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) protein level was increased in the model group after the surgery (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the SCr, BUN, pathological scores, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and the KIM-1 protein level of the three treatment groups were significantly improved at 72 h after the surgery (P<0.05 or P<0.01). And the SCr, BUN of the SHT low- and high-dose groups, and the pathological scores of the SHT high-dose group were significantly lower than those of the astragaloside group (P<0.05). The localizations of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and megalin of the model group were disrupted, with the distribution areas overlapping with each other and alternately arranged. The severity of the disruption was slightly milder in three treatment groups compared with that of the model group. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the SHT high-dose group had a superior effect as compared with the astragaloside group and the SHT low-dose group. CONCLUSIONS The SHT effectively alleviated RIRI caused by ischemic reperfusion, promoted the recovery of the polarity of renal tubular epithelial cells, and protected the renal tubules. The therapeutic effects of SHT were superior to those of astragaloside as a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- State Discipline and State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease (Chinese PLA General Hospital, 2011DAV00088), Beijing, 100853, China
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Morrell ED, Kellum JA, Hallows KR, Pastor-Soler NM. Epithelial transport during septic acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:1312-9. [PMID: 24378526 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A goal for scientists studying septic acute kidney injury (AKI) should be to formulate a conceptual model of disease that is able to coherently reconcile the molecular and inflammatory consequences of sepsis with impaired epithelial tubular function, diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and ultimately kidney failure. Recent evidence has shed light on how sepsis modulates the tubular regulation of ion, glucose, urea and water transport and acid-base homeostasis in the kidney. The present review summarizes recent discoveries on changes in epithelial transport under septic and endotoxemic conditions as well as the mechanisms that link inflammation with impaired tubular membrane transport. This paper also proposes that the tubular dysfunction that is mediated by inflammation in sepsis ultimately leads to increased sodium and chloride delivery to the distal tubule and macula densa, contributing to tubuloglomerular feedback and impaired GFR. We feel that this conceptual model resolves many of the physiologic and clinical paradoxes that septic AKI presents to practicing researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Morrell
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S976.1 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA CRISMA (Clinical Research Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S976.1 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S976.1 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA The Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hao S, Bellner L, Ferreri NR. NKCC2A and NFAT5 regulate renal TNF production induced by hypertonic NaCl intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 304:F533-42. [PMID: 23269645 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00243.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways that contribute to TNF production by the kidney are not well defined. Mice given 1% NaCl in the drinking water for 3 days exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in urinary, but not plasma, TNF levels compared with mice given tap water. Since furosemide attenuated the increase in TNF levels, we hypothesized that hypertonic NaCl intake increases renal TNF production by a pathway involving the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC2). A 2.5-fold increase in NKCC2A mRNA accumulation was observed in medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) tubules from mice given 1% NaCl; a concomitant 2-fold increase in nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) mRNA and protein expression was observed in the outer medulla. Urinary TNF levels were reduced in mice given 1% NaCl after an intrarenal injection of a lentivirus construct designed to specifically knockdown NKCC2A (EGFP-N2A-ex4); plasma levels of TNF did not change after injection of EGFP-N2A-ex4. Intrarenal injection of EGFP-N2A-ex4 also inhibited the increase of NFAT5 mRNA abundance in the outer medulla of mice given 1% NaCl. TNF production by primary cultures of mTAL cells increased approximately sixfold in response to an increase in osmolality to 400 mosmol/kgH2O produced with NaCl and was inhibited in cells transiently transfected with a dnNFAT5 construct. Transduction of cells with EGFP-N2A-ex4 also prevented increases in TNF mRNA and protein production in response to high NaCl concentration and reduced transcriptional activity of a NFAT5 promoter construct. Since NKCC2A expression is restricted to the TAL, NKCC2A-dependent activation of NFAT5 is part of a pathway by which the TAL produces TNF in response to hypertonic NaCl intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujin Hao
- Dept. of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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34
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Insuffisance rénale aiguë : intérêt des nouveaux biomarqueurs. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-012-0487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Girardi ACC, Di Sole F. Deciphering the mechanisms of the Na+/H+ exchanger-3 regulation in organ dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1569-87. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (NHE3) belongs to the mammalian NHE protein family and catalyzes the electro-neutral exchange of extracellular sodium for intracellular proton across cellular membranes. Its transport function is of essential importance for the maintenance of the body's salt and water homeostasis as well as acid-base balance. Indeed, NHE3 activity is finely regulated by a variety of stimuli, both acutely and chronically, and its transport function is fundamental for a multiplicity of severe and world-wide infection-pathological conditions. This review aims to provide a concise overview of NHE3 physiology and discusses the role of NHE3 in clinical conditions of prominent importance, specifically in hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure, acute kidney injury, and diarrhea. Study of NHE3 function in models of these diseases has contributed to the deciphering of mechanisms that control the delicate ion balance disrupted in these disorders. The majority of the findings indicate that NHE3 transport function is activated before the onset of hypertension and inhibited thereafter; NHE3 transport function is also upregulated in diabetic nephropathy and heart failure, while it is reported to be downregulated in acute kidney injury and in diarrhea. The molecular mechanisms activated during these pathological conditions to regulate NHE3 transport function are examined with the aim of linking NHE3 dysfunction to the analyzed clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Di Sole
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
- Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Hussein AAM, El-Dken ZH, Barakat N, Abol-Enein H. Renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury: possible role of aquaporins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:308-16. [PMID: 21992594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common problem that occurs when blood flow is interrupted to the kidney in case of kidney transplantation, aortic cross-clamping and shock with subsequent resuscitation. Renal I/R injury is a complex conditions which includes the onset of an inflammatory process, which is associated with impairment of concentrating ability of the kidney and impairment of solute transport. Characteristically, renal I/R injury is associated with marked reduction in the protein expression of renal aquaporins (AQPs) mainly (AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3), and solute transporters were observed in this condition and could account for the impaired urinary concentration that observed in this condition. Recently, many agents were tested for a possible protective effect against this insult such as erythropoietin (EPO), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and α-lipoic acid which were proved to prevent downregulation of AQPs and solute transporters. The aim of this short review is to outline the potential pathophysiological role of AQPs in renal I/R injury and to put a spotlight on the modulation of renal functions impairment in renal ischaemia by new drugs that prevent downregulation of AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-A M Hussein
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Kim SW, Gresz V, Rojek A, Wang W, Verkman AS, Frøkiaer J, Nielsen S. Decreased expression of AQP2 and AQP4 water channels and Na, K-ATPase in kidney collecting duct in AQP3 null mice. Biol Cell 2012; 97:765-78. [PMID: 15898956 DOI: 10.1042/bc20040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Phenotype analysis has demonstrated that AQP3 (aquaporin 3) null mice are polyuric and manifest a urinary concentration defect. In the present study, we report that deletion of AQP3 is also associated with an increased urinary sodium excretion. To investigate further the mechanism of the decreased urinary concentration and significant natriuresis, we examined the segmental and subcellular localization of collecting duct AQPs [AQP2, p-AQP2 (phosphorylated AQP2), AQP3 and AQP4], ENaC (epithelial sodium channel) subunits and Na,K-ATPase by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy in AQP3 null (-/-), heterozygous (+/-) mice, wild-type and unrelated strain of normal mice. RESULTS The present study confirms that AQP3 null mice exhibit severe polyuria and polydipsia and demonstrated that they exhibit increased urinary sodium excretion. In AQP3 null mice, there is a marked down-regulation of AQP2 and p-AQP2 both in CNT (connecting tubule) and CCD (cortical collecting duct). Moreover, AQP4 is virtually absent from CNT and CCD in AQP3 null mice. Basolateral AQP2 was virtually absent from AQP3 null mice and normal mice in contrast with rat. Thus the above results demonstrate that no basolateral AQPs are expressed in CNT and CCD of AQP3 null mice. However, in the medullary-collecting ducts, there is no difference in the expression levels and subcellular localization of AQP2, p-AQP2 and AQP4 between AQP3 +/- and AQP3 null mice. Moreover, a striking decrease in the immunolabelling of the alpha1 subunit of Na,K-ATPase was observed in CCD in AQP3 null mice, whereas a medullary-collecting duct exhibited normal labelling. Immunolabelling of all the ENaC subunits in the collecting duct was comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results improve the possibility that the severe urinary concentrating defect in AQP3 null mice may in part be caused by the decreased expression of AQP2, p-AQP2 and AQP4 in CNT and CCD, whereas the increased urinary sodium excretion may in part be accounted for by Na,K-ATPase in CCD in AQP3 null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Wan Kim
- Water and Salt Research Center, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Kunin M, Holtzman EJ, Melnikov S, Dinour D. Urinary organic anion transporter protein profiles in AKI. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:1387-95. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Histological and functional renal alterations caused by Bothrops alternatus snake venom: Expression and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:895-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Prókai A, Fekete A, Bánki NF, Müller V, Vér A, Degrell P, Rusai K, Wagner L, Vannay A, Rosta M, Heemann U, Langer RM, Tulassay T, Reusz G, Szabó AJ. Renoprotective effect of erythropoietin in rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury: gender differences. Surgery 2011; 150:39-47. [PMID: 21596414 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia reperfusion injury induces gender-dependent heat-shock protein 72 expression, which maintains membrane localization of renal Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1. The erythropoietin has a protecting effect against ischemia reperfusion injury in various organs. In this study, we investigated whether erythropoietin exerts a beneficial effect against post-ischemic renal injury. Furthermore, we studied the erythropoietin signaling on heat-shock protein 72 and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1 expression and localization. METHODS In male and female Wistar rats, rHuEPO (1000 IU/bwkg intraperitoneal) or vehicle was administered 24 hours prior to unilateral left renal ischemia reperfusion (50 minutes). Kidneys were subsequently removed at hours 2 or 24 of the reperfusion; sham-operated rats served as controls (C) (n = 8/group). We measured serum erythropoietin, renal function, evaluated histological injury, and observed heat-shock protein 72 as well as Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1 protein level and localization. Additional groups were followed for 7-day survival. RESULTS Erythropoietin treatment was associated with better post-ischemic survival and less impaired renal function in males while diminishing the renal structural damage in both sexes. Endogenous erythropoietin was higher in males and increased in both genders after erythropoietin treatment. The erythropoietin treatment elevated protein levels of heat-shock protein 72 and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1 in 24 hours in males, whereas in females, the already higher expression of heat-shock protein 72 and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1 was not increased. Moreover, erythropoietin prevented ischemia reperfusion induced Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1 translocation from the basolaterale membrane in males. CONCLUSION Erythropoietin diminishes gender difference in the susceptibility to renal post-ischemic injury and reduces post-ischemic structural damage while preserving kidney function, particularly in males. This additional protection may be associated with a heat-shock protein 72-mediated effect on Na(+)/K(+)ATPase-α1 expression and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Prókai
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Battula S, Hao S, Pedraza PL, Stier CT, Ferreri NR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is an endogenous inhibitor of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) isoform A in the thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F94-100. [PMID: 21511694 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00650.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of TNF gene deletion on renal Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC2) expression and activity were determined. Outer medulla from TNF(-/-) mice exhibited a twofold increase in total NKCC2 protein expression compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This increase was not observed in TNF(-/-) mice treated with recombinant human TNF (hTNF) for 7 days. Administration of hTNF had no effect on total NKCC2 expression in WT mice. A fourfold increase in NKCC2A mRNA accumulation was observed in outer medulla from TNF(-/-) compared with WT mice; NKCC2F and NKCC2B mRNA accumulation was similar between genotypes. The increase in NKCC2A mRNA accumulation was attenuated when TNF(-/-) mice were treated with hTNF. Bumetanide-sensitive O(2) consumption, an in vitro correlate of NKCC2 activity, was 2.8 ± 0.2 nmol·min(-1)·mg(-1) in medullary thick ascending limb tubules from WT, representing ∼40% of total O(2) consumption, whereas, in medullary thick ascending limb tubules from TNF(-/-) mice, it was 5.6 ± 0.3 nmol·min(-1)·mg(-1), representing ∼60% of total O(2) consumption. Administration of hTNF to TNF(-/-) mice restored the bumetanide-sensitive component to ∼30% of total O(2) consumption. Ambient urine osmolality was higher in TNF(-/-) compared with WT mice (2,072 ± 104 vs. 1,696 ± 153 mosmol/kgH(2)O, P < 0.05). The diluting ability of the kidney, assessed by measuring urine osmolality before and after 1 h of water loading also was greater in TNF(-/-) compared with WT mice (174 ± 38 and 465 ± 81 mosmol/kgH(2)O, respectively, P < 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that TNF plays a role as an endogenous inhibitor of NKCC2 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Battula
- Dept. of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Differential effects of taurine treatment and taurine deficiency on the outcome of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S32. [PMID: 20804608 PMCID: PMC2994366 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine possesses membrane stabilization, osmoregulatory and antioxidant properties, aspects of relevance to ischemic injury. We tested the hypothesis that body taurine status is a determinant of renal ischemic injury. Accordingly, renal function and structure were examined in control (C), taurine-treated (TT) and taurine deficient (TD) rats that were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia (60 min) followed by reperfusion (IR); sham operated rats served as controls. Baseline urine osmolality was greater in the TD group than in the control and the TT groups, an effect associated with increased renal aquaporin 2 level. The IR insult reduced urine osmolality (i.e., day-1 post insult); the TD/IR group displayed a more marked recovery in urine osmolality by day-6 post insult than the other two groups. Fluid and sodium excretions were lower in the TD/IR group, suggesting propensity to retention. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of tubular necrotic foci in the C/IR group than sham controls. While renal architecture of the TD/IR group showed features resembling sham controls, the TT/IR group showed dilated tubules, which lacked immunostaining for aquaporin 2, but not 1, suggestive of proximal tubule origin. Finally, assessment of cell proliferation and apoptosis revealed lower proliferation but higher apoptotic foci in the TT/IR group than other IR groups. Collectively, the results indicate that body taurine status is a major determinant of renal IR injury.
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Ozer Sehirli A, Sener G, Ercan F. Protective effects of pycnogenol against ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative renal injury in rats. Ren Fail 2010; 31:690-7. [PMID: 19814636 DOI: 10.3109/08860220903085971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxygen free radicals are involved in pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to assess the possible protective effect of pycnogenol (PYC) against I/R-induced oxidative renal damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. PYC (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or saline was administered at 15 min prior to ischemia and immediately before the reperfusion period. At the end of the 3 h, rats were decapitated and trunk blood was collected. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured in the serum samples, while proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels were assayed in plasma samples. Kidney samples were taken for the determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels, Na+, K+-ATPase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and the extent of tissue injury was analyzed microscopically. RESULTS Ischemia/reperfusion caused a significant decrease in tissue GSH level and Na+, K+-ATPase activity, which was accompanied with significant increases in the renal MDA level and MPO activity. Similarly, serum creatinine and BUN levels, as well as LDH and IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels, were elevated in the saline-treated I/R group as compared to saline-treated control group. On the other hand, PYC treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations that were induced by I/R. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study suggest that pycnogenol exerts renoprotective effects, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, that appear to involve the inhibition of tissue neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ozer Sehirli
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gatti S, Lonati C, Sordi A, Catania A. Protective Effects of Melanocortins in Systemic Host Reactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 681:117-25. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6354-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Saito H. Pathophysiological regulation of renal SLC22A organic ion transporters in acute kidney injury: Pharmacological and toxicological implications. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Catania A, Lonati C, Sordi A, Leonardi P, Carlin A, Gatti S. The peptide NDP-MSH induces phenotype changes in the heart that resemble ischemic preconditioning. Peptides 2010; 31:116-22. [PMID: 19799952 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide that exerts multiple protective effects on host cells. Previous investigations showed that treatment with alpha-MSH or synthetic melanocortin agonists reduces heart damage in reperfusion injury and transplantation. The aim of this preclinical research was to determine whether melanocortin treatment induces preconditioning-like cardioprotection. In particular, the plan was to assess whether melanocortin administration causes phenotype changes similar to those induced by repetitive ischemic events. The idea was conceived because both ischemic preconditioning and melanocortin signaling largely depend on cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Rats received single i.v. injections of 750microg/kg of the alpha-MSH analogue Nle(4),DPhe(7)-alpha-MSH (NDP-MSH) or saline and were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 3, or 5h. Western blot analysis showed that rat hearts expressed melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) protein. Treatment with NDP-MSH was associated with early and marked increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA. This was followed by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). There were no changes in expression of other cytokines of the IL-6 family. Expression of IL-10, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha was likewise unaltered. In hearts of rats treated with NDP-MSH there was increased expression of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77. The data indicate that NDP-MSH induces phenotype changes that closely resemble ischemic preconditioning and likely contribute to its established protection against reperfusion injury. In addition, the increased expression of Nur77 and SOCS3 could be part of a broader anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Catania
- Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy.
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Kara M, Tellioglu G, Sehirli O, Yildar M, Krand O, Berber I, Cetinel S, Eren PA, Sener G, Titiz I. Evaluation of Gadolinium Pre-Treatment with or without Splenectomy in the Setting of Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Ren Fail 2009; 31:956-63. [DOI: 10.3109/08860220903216162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Di Giusto G, Anzai N, Endou H, Torres AM. Oat5 and NaDC1 protein abundance in kidney and urine after renal ischemic reperfusion injury. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:17-27. [PMID: 18796410 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.951582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of the organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) and the sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1) in kidney and urine after renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Renal injury was induced in male Wistar rats by occlusion of both renal pedicles for 0 (Group Sham), 5 (Group I5R60), or 60 (Group I60R60) min. The studies were performed after 60 min of reperfusion. The expression of Oat5 and NaDC1 was evaluated by IHC and Western blotting. Oat5 and NaDC1 abundance and alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) were assayed in urine. A decreased expression in renal homogenates and apical membranes and an increase in urinary excretion of Oat5 and NaDC1 were observed in I60R60 rats, as well as alterations of other widely used parameters for renal dysfunction and injury (plasma creatinine, urinary AP activity, kidney weight, histological lesions). In contrast, in the I5R60 group, only an increase in urinary excretion of Oat5 and mild histopathological damage was detected. This is the first study on Oat5 and NaDC1 detection in urine. These results suggest that urinary excretion of Oat5 might be an early indicator of renal dysfunction, which is useful for detection of even minor alterations in renal structural and functional integrity.
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Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a first-line drug used in patients with highly active retroviral disease; however, it can cause renal failure associated with many tubular anomalies that may be due to down regulation of a variety of ion transporters. Because rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist induces the expression of many of these same transporters, we tested if the nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated by its use. High doses of TDF caused severe renal failure in rats accompanied by a reduction in endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and intense renal vasoconstriction; all of which were significantly improved by rosiglitazone treatment. Low-dose TDF did not alter glomerular filtration rate but produced significant phosphaturia, proximal tubular acidosis, polyuria and a reduced urinary concentrating ability. These alterations were caused by specific downregulation of the sodium-phosphorus cotransporter, sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 and aquaporin 2. A Fanconi's-like syndrome was ruled out as there was no proteinuria or glycosuria. Rosiglitazone reversed TDF-induced tubular nephrotoxicity, normalized urinary biochemical parameters and membrane transporter protein expression. These studies suggest that rosiglitazone treatment might be useful in patients presenting with TFV-induced nephrotoxicity especially in those with hypophosphatemia or reduced glomerular filtration rate.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has recently become the preferred term to describe the syndrome of acute renal failure (ARF) with 'failure' or 'ARF' restricted to patients who have AKI and need renal replacement therapy.(1) This allows capture of the broader clinical spectrum of modest reductions in creatinine, which are themselves known to be associated with major increases in both short- and long-term mortality risk.(2-5) It is hoped that this change in nomenclature will facilitate an expansion of our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and also facilitate definitions of AKI, which allow comparisons among clinical trials of patients with similar duration and severity of illness. This review will cover the need for early detection of AKI and the role of urinary and plasma biomarkers, including enzymuria. The primary message is that use of existing criteria to diagnose AKI, namely elevation of the serum creatinine with or without oliguria, results in identification that is too late to allow successful intervention. New biomarkers are essential to change the dire prognosis of this common condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan H Endre
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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