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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem 2023:104785. [PMID: 37146967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have signaling functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three heterodimeric receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR and a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. CGRP and AM prefer the RAMP1 and RAMP2/3 complexes, respectively, whereas AM2/IMD is thought to be relatively non-selective. Accordingly, AM2/IMD exhibits overlapping actions with CGRP and AM, so the rationale for this third agonist for the CLR-RAMP complexes is unclear. Here, we report that AM2/IMD is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM2R, and we define the structural basis for its distinct kinetics. In live cell biosensor assays, AM2/IMD-AM2R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations. AM2/IMD and AM bound the AM2R with similar equilibrium affinities, but AM2/IMD had a much slower off-rate and longer receptor residence time, thus explaining its prolonged signaling capacity. Peptide and receptor chimeras and mutagenesis were used to map the regions responsible for the distinct binding and signaling kinetics to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain (ECD). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed how the former forms stable interactions at the CLR ECD-transmembrane domain interface and how the latter augments the CLR ECD binding pocket to anchor the AM2/IMD C-terminus. These two strong binding components only combine in the AM2R. Our findings uncover AM2/IMD-AM2R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, reveal how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape CLR signaling, and have significant implications for AM2/IMD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523955. [PMID: 36711519 PMCID: PMC9882245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The signaling peptides adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and CGRP have overlapping and distinct functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three shared receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Here, we report that AM2/IMD, which is thought to be a non-selective agonist, is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM 2 R. AM2/IMD-AM 2 R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations due to AM2/IMD slow off-rate binding kinetics. The regions responsible for the slow off-rate were mapped to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain. MD simulations revealed how these bestow enhanced stability to the complex. Our results uncover AM2/IMD-AM 2 R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, define the mechanism of kinetic selectivity, and explain how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape the signaling output of a clinically important GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A. Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Augen A. Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Lead contact
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. Sustained Activation of CLR/RAMP Receptors by Gel-Forming Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113408. [PMID: 36362188 PMCID: PMC9655119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM), adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), and CGRP family peptides are important regulators of vascular vasotone and integrity, neurotransmission, and fetoplacental development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2, and 3 receptors, and protect against endothelial dysfunction in disease models. As such, CLR/RAMP receptor agonists are considered important therapeutic candidates for various diseases. Methods and Results: Based on the screening of a series of palmitoylated chimeric ADM/ADM2 analogs, we demonstrated a combination of lipidation and accommodating motifs at the hinge region of select peptides is important for gaining an enhanced receptor-activation activity and improved stimulatory effects on the proliferation and survival of human lymphatic endothelial cells when compared to wild-type peptides. In addition, by serendipity, we found that select palmitoylated analogs self-assemble to form liquid gels, and subcutaneous administration of an analog gel led to the sustained presence of the peptide in the circulation for >2 days. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of the analog gel significantly reduced the blood pressure in SHR rats and increased vasodilation in the hindlimbs of adult rats for days. Conclusions: Together, these data suggest gel-forming adrenomedullin analogs may represent promising candidates for the treatment of various life-threatening endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases such as treatment-resistant hypertension and preeclampsia, which are in urgent need of an effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 20878, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu
- Adepthera LLC, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-799-3496
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Su Y, Guan P, Li D, Hang Y, Ye X, Han L, Lu Y, Bai X, Zhang P, Hu W. Intermedin attenuates macrophage phagocytosis via regulation of the long noncoding RNA Dnm3os/miR-27b-3p/SLAMF7 axis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:35-42. [PMID: 34717123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis in diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular complications. Intermedin (IMD) is a calcitonin peptide that is known to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis in atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We investigate genes that are differentially expressed in response to IMD in hyperglycemic conditions and determine whether they delay the progression of atherosclerosis. An atherosclerotic and diabetic-murine model was generated in 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice receiving streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. The mouse model was treated with IMD and the expression levels of NF-κB, Dnm3os, miR-27b-3p, and SLAMF7 were detected in plaque tissue and macrophages cultured with high glucose concentrations. Phagocytosis was determined by oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) uptake and the interactions among Dnm3os, SLAMF7 and miR-27b-3p were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression of NF-κB, Dnm3os, and SLAMF7 was enhanced in atherosclerotic plaques but decreased by IMD. The suppression of Dnm3os reduced plaque formation in IMD-treated mice even further whereas increased by miR-27b-3p. Dnm3os and SLAMF7 were competitively bind to miR-27b-3p in vivo. In vitro, ox-LDL uptake is elevated in macrophages cultured in hyperglycemic conditions but reduced by IMD. Dual-luciferase assays indicate that Dnm3os positively regulates SLAMF7 through miR-27b-3p expression. In conclusion, Dnm3os is involved in macrophage phagocytosis through the competitive binding of SLAMF7 with miR-27b-3p. IMD induces the suppression of Dnm3os to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis and alleviate atherosclerosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Su
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwen Hang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomiao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Sun J, Qian P, Kang Y, Dai HB, Wang FZ, Wang HY, Zhou H, Gao Q, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin 2 attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in microglia cells by receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Neuropeptides 2021; 85:102109. [PMID: 33253929 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of AM2 in LPS-activated microglia and BV2 cells. The endogenous mRNA and protein expressions of AM2, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) including RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 and the production of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results revealed that LPS (1 μg/mL) significantly stimulated CLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 protein expressions in BV2 microglia cells, but AM2 had a significant decrease. However, the mRNA levels of AM2, CLR, and RAMP1/2/3 were all markedly increased. LPS also induced obvious increases in mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS). More importantly, AM2 (10 nM) administration effectively inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of these mediators induced by LPS and increased the cAMP content in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, the antagonism with AM2 receptor antagonist IMD17-47, adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist by AM22-52 or the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activation by P1195 effectively prevented the inhibitory role of AM2 in LPS-induced production of the above inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, AM2 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells that may be mainly through AM receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Our results indicate AM2 plays an important protective role in microglia inflammation, suggesting therapeutic potential for AM2 in neuroinflammation diseases caused by activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Abdellatif AM, Jensen Smith H, Harms RZ, Sarvetnick NE. Human Islet Response to Selected Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Bacteria: A Transcriptome-Based Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2623. [PMID: 31781116 PMCID: PMC6857727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. T1D subjects were recently shown to harbor distinct intestinal microbiome profiles. Based on these findings, the role of gut bacteria in T1D is being intensively investigated. The mechanism connecting intestinal microbial homeostasis with the development of T1D is unknown. Specific gut bacteria such as Bacteroides dorei (BD) and Ruminococcus gnavus (RG) show markedly increased abundance prior to the development of autoimmunity. One hypothesis is that these bacteria might traverse the damaged gut barrier, and their constituents elicit a response from human islets that causes metabolic abnormalities and inflammation. We have tested this hypothesis by exposing human islets to BD and RG in vitro, after which RNA-Seq analysis was performed. The bacteria altered expression of many islet genes. The commonly upregulated genes by these bacteria were cytokines, chemokines and enzymes, suggesting a significant effect of gut bacteria on islet antimicrobial and biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, each bacteria displayed a unique set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Ingenuity pathway analysis of DEGs revealed that top activated pathways and diseases included TREM1 signaling and inflammatory response, illustrating the ability of bacteria to induce islet inflammation. The increased levels of selected factors were confirmed using immunoblotting and ELISA methods. Our data demonstrate that islets produce a complex anti-bacterial response. The response includes both symbiotic and pathogenic aspects. Both oxidative damage and leukocyte recruitment factors were prominent, which could induce beta cell damage and subsequent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdellatif
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heather Jensen Smith
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Dong H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Gan X, Luo Y, Li R. The protective role of intermedin in promoting angiogenesis during renal fibrosis. Gene 2019; 688:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Roehrkasse AM, Booe JM, Lee SM, Warner ML, Pioszak AA. Structure-function analyses reveal a triple β-turn receptor-bound conformation of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin and enable peptide antagonist design. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15840-15854. [PMID: 30139742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective vasodilator peptide adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) and the related adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signal through three heterodimeric receptors comprising the calcitonin receptor-like class B G protein-coupled receptor (CLR) and a variable receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP1, -2, or -3) that determines ligand selectivity. The CGRP receptor (RAMP1:CLR) favors CGRP binding, whereas the AM1 (RAMP2:CLR) and AM2 (RAMP3:CLR) receptors favor AM binding. How AM2/IMD binds the receptors and how RAMPs modulate its binding is unknown. Here, we show that AM2/IMD binds the three purified RAMP-CLR extracellular domain (ECD) complexes with a selectivity profile that is distinct from those of CGRP and AM. AM2/IMD bound all three ECD complexes but preferred the CGRP and AM2 receptor complexes. A 2.05 Å resolution crystal structure of an AM2/IMD antagonist fragment-bound RAMP1-CLR ECD complex revealed that AM2/IMD binds the complex through a unique triple β-turn conformation that was confirmed by peptide and receptor mutagenesis. Comparisons of the receptor-bound conformations of AM2/IMD, AM, and a high-affinity CGRP analog revealed differences that may have implications for biased signaling. Guided by the structure, enhanced-affinity AM2/IMD antagonist variants were developed, including one that discriminates the AM1 and AM2 receptors with ∼40-fold difference in affinities and one stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. These results reveal differences in how the three peptides engage the receptors, inform development of AM2/IMD-based pharmacological tools and therapeutics, and provide insights into RAMP modulation of receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jason M Booe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Margaret L Warner
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Wu D, Shi L, Li P, Ni X, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Qi Y, Wang B. Intermedin 1-53 Protects Cardiac Fibroblasts by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation During Sepsis. Inflammation 2018; 41:505-514. [PMID: 29192367 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a disease that occurs as a result of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in response to an infection, contributing to multiple organ dysfunction and a high mortality rate. Interleukin-lβ (IL-1β) is a cytokine that plays critical roles in inflammation and cardiac dysfunction during severe sepsis. Intermedin1-53 (IMD1-53) has been recently discovered to possess potential endogenous anti-inflammatory and strong cardiovascular protective effects. To investigate whether IMD1-53 can inhibit the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway to alleviate cardiac injury and rescue heart function, sepsis was induced in vivo by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery, and lipopolysaccharides were used as septic stressors for cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in vitro. The expressions of IMD1-53 receptors in sepsis rat heart were increased. After IMD1-53 treatment, inflammation caused by sepsis in vivo was greatly reduced, as shown by the downregulation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family, pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3), pro-IL-1β, caspase 1, and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) protein levels. In addition, cardiac function was significantly improved and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased by 34.8% (P < 0.05) which almost back to normal. Surprisingly, IMD1-53 inhibited cell apoptosis, as caspase 3 activity and Bax expression was significantly reduced in the heart upon IMD1-53 treatment. IMD1-53 abolished the upregulation of ASC, NLRP3, and caspase 1 protein levels in CFs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IMD1-53 increased cell survival rates and inhibited IL-1β production in the cell culture medium. IMD1-53 can protect against inflammation and heart injury during sepsis via attenuating the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- The Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Shi
- The Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xianqiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongfen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- The Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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Lu WW, Jia LX, Ni XQ, Zhao L, Chang JR, Zhang JS, Hou YL, Zhu Y, Guan YF, Yu YR, Du J, Tang CS, Qi YF. Intermedin1-53 Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2176-2190. [PMID: 27634835 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Intermedin (IMD) is a regulator of oxidative stress. Here, we investigated whether IMD reduces AAA by inhibiting oxidative stress. APPROACH AND RESULTS In angiotensin II-induced ApoE-/- mouse and CaCl2-induced C57BL/6J mouse model of AAA, IMD1-53 significantly reduced the incidence of AAA and maximal aortic diameter. Ultrasonography, hematoxylin, and eosin staining and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining showed that IMD1-53 significantly decreased the enlarged aortas and elastic lamina degradation induced by angiotensin II or CaCl2. Mechanistically, IMD1-53 attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase activation. IMD1-53 inhibited the activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, decreased the mRNA and protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, and reduced the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in AAA mice. Expression of Nox4 was upregulated in human AAA segments and in angiotensin II-treated mouse aortas and was markedly decreased by IMD1-53. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells with small-interfering RNA knockdown of IMD showed significantly increased angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species, and small-interfering RNA knockdown of Nox4 markedly inhibited the reactive oxygen species. IMD knockdown further increased the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation, which was reversed by Nox4 knockdown. Preincubation with IMD17-47 and protein kinase A inhibitor H89 inhibited the effect of IMD1-53, reducing Nox4 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS IMD1-53 could have a protective effect on AAA by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Li-Xin Jia
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Xian-Qiang Ni
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Lei Zhao
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Jin-Rui Chang
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Yue-Long Hou
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - You-Fei Guan
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Jie Du
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.)
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, China (W.-W.L., L.-X.J., X.-Q.N., L.Z., Y.-L.H., J.D., Y.-F.Q.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., L.Z., J.-R.C., J.-S.Z., Y.Z., Y.-F.G., C.-S.T., Y.-F.Q.); and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.-W.L., X.-Q.N., J.-S.Z., Y.-L.H., Y.-R.Y., Y.-F.Q.).
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11
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García-Ponce A, Chánez Paredes S, Castro Ochoa KF, Schnoor M. Regulation of endothelial and epithelial barrier functions by peptide hormones of the adrenomedullin family. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1228439. [PMID: 28123925 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1228439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct regulation of tissue barriers is of utmost importance for health. Barrier dysfunction accompanies inflammatory disorders and, if not controlled properly, can contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Tissue barriers are formed by monolayers of epithelial cells that separate organs from their environment, and endothelial cells that cover the vasculature, thus separating the blood stream from underlying tissues. Cells within the monolayers are connected by intercellular junctions that are linked by adaptor molecules to the cytoskeleton, and the regulation of these interactions is critical for the maintenance of tissue barriers. Many endogenous and exogenous molecules are known to regulate barrier functions in both ways. Proinflammatory cytokines weaken the barrier, whereas anti-inflammatory mediators stabilize barriers. Adrenomedullin (ADM) and intermedin (IMD) are endogenous peptide hormones of the same family that are produced and secreted by many cell types during physiologic and pathologic conditions. They activate certain G-protein-coupled receptor complexes to regulate many cellular processes such as cytokine production, actin dynamics and junction stability. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the barrier-stabilizing effects of ADM and IMD in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander García-Ponce
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Chánez Paredes
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Fabiola Castro Ochoa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Zempo H, Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Watanabe R, Fujiu K, Manabe I, Conway SJ, Taniyama Y, Morishita R, Hirata Y, Isobe M, Nagai R. Influence of periostin-positive cell-specific Klf5 deletion on aortic thickening in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:764-768. [PMID: 27334059 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypertension causes vascular remodeling that is associated with an increase in periostin- (postn) positive cells, including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 5, a transcription factor, is also observed in vascular remodeling; however, it is unknown what role KLF5 plays in postn-positive cells during vascular remodeling induced by deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) salt. We used postn-positive cell-specific Klf5-deficient mice (Klf5PostnKO: Klf5flox/flox; PostnCre/-) and wild-type mice (WT: Klf5flox/flox; Postn-/-). We implanted a DOCA pellet and provided drinking water containing 0.9% NaCl for 8 weeks. The DOCA-salt treatment induced hypertension in both genotypes, as observed by increases in systolic blood pressure. In WT animals, DOCA-salt treatment increased the aortic medial area compared with the non-treated controls. Similarly, Tgfb1 was overexpressed in the aortas of the DOCA-salt treated WT mice compared with the controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1)+-α smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ myofibroblasts exist in the medial area of the WT aortas after DOCA-salt intervention. Importantly, these changes were not observed in the Klf5PostnKO animals. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the presence of KLF5 in postn-positive cells contributes to the pathogenesis of aortic thickening induced by DOCA-salt hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Zempo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Ogawa
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Yasunobu Hirata
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, Japan
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13
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Qiao X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao N, Zhang R, Han W, Peng Z. Intermedin is upregulated and attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibition of oxidative stress in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 20:820-31. [PMID: 26014968 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species mediate profibrotic action of TGF-β1. Intermedin (IMD) has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress, but its role in renal fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of IMD on renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS The expression of IMD and its receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1/2/3), in the obstructed kidney was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry. To evaluate the effects of IMD on renal fibrosis, we locally overexpressed exogenous IMD in the obstructed kidney using an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated delivery system. Renal fibrosis was determined by Masson trichrome staining. The expression of TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin was measured. Smad2/3 activation and macrophage infiltration were evaluated. We also studied oxidative stress by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. RESULTS mRNA and protein expression of IMD increased after UUO. CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were also induced by ureteral obstruction. IMD overexpression remarkably attenuated UUO-induced tubular injury and blunted fibrotic response as shown by decreased interstitial collagen deposition and downregulation of fibronectin. Macrophage infiltration, α-SMA and CTGF upregulation caused by UUO were all relieved by IMD, whereas TGF-β1 upregulation and Smad2/3 activation were not affected. Meanwhile, we noted increased oxidative stress in obstruction, which was also attenuated by IMD gene delivery. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IMD is upregulated after UUO. IMD plays a protective role in renal fibrosis via its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weixia Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhang JS, Hou YL, Lu WW, Ni XQ, Lin F, Yu YR, Tang CS, Qi YF. Intermedin 1-53 Protects Against Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation Induced by Homocysteine in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1294-1306. [PMID: 27052784 PMCID: PMC5113747 DOI: 10.5551/jat.34082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation participate in cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, a novel paracrine/autocrine peptide intermedin1-53 (IMD1-53) in the heart inhibits myocardial fibrosis in rats. However, the mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS Myocardial fibrosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice and neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were induced using homocysteine (Hcy). RESULTS IMD1-53 inhibited myocardial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Picrosirius red staining showed that IMD1-53 reduced myocardial interstitial collagen deposition in ApoE-/- mice treated with Hcy and decreased the expression of myocardial collagen I and III, which was further verified in rat CFs. IMD1-53 attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, as shown by cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, ratio of heart weight to body weight, and mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. IMD1-53 inhibited the upregulation of ERS hallmarkers such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), GRP94, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), ATF4, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, spliced-X-box-binding protein-1, protein kinase receptor-like ER kinase, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α in mouse myocardium and rat CFs treated with Hcy. In addition, IMD1-53 decreased the production of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in the mouse myocardium and rat CFs treated with Hcy. Concurrently, IMD1-53 ameliorated the expression of nuclear factor-κB, transforming growth factor-β1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the mouse myocardium and rat CFs treated with Hcy. CONCLUSIONS IMD potentially protects against myocardial fibrosis induced by Hcy in ApoE-/- mice, possibly via attenuating myocardial ERS and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center
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15
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Xiong W, Qiu SY, Xu LY, Zhang CP, Yi Y, Wu Q, Huang LP, Liu SM, Wu B, Peng LC, Song MM, Gao Y, Liang SD. Effects of intermedin on dorsal root ganglia in the transmission of neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:780-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Shu-yi Qiu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Ling-yun Xu
- Department of Stomatology; The First People's Hospital of Fuzhou; Fuzhou Jiangxi Province China
| | - Chun-ping Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Yun Yi
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Li-ping Huang
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Shuang-mei Liu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Li-chao Peng
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Miao-miao Song
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Shang-dong Liang
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
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Wang Y, Tian J, Guo H, Mi Y, Zhang R, Li R. Intermedin ameliorates IgA nephropathy by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:183-92. [PMID: 25916508 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of IgAN has been reported. Intermedin (IMD) is a newly discovered peptide that is closely related to adrenomedullin. We have recently reported that IMD can significantly reduce renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by diminishing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation. The present study was designed to explore whether IMD ameliorates IgAN via oxidative stress- and inflammation-dependent mechanisms. Our results showed that IMD administration resulted in the prevention of albuminuria and ameliorated renal pathomorphological changes. These findings were associated with (1) decreased renal TGF-β1 and collagen IV expression, (2) an increased SOD level and reduced MDA level, (3) the inhibition of the renal activation of NF-κB p65 and (4) the downregulation of the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, MCP-1 and MMP-9) in the kidney. These results indicate that IMD in the kidney protects against IgAN by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, No. 29 Shuang Ta East Street, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, No. 29 Shuang Ta East Street, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ni X, Zhang J, Tang C, Qi Y. Intermedin/adrenomedullin2: an autocrine/paracrine factor in vascular homeostasis and disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:781-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gan XB, Sun HJ, Chen D, Zhang LL, Zhou H, Chen LY, Zhou YB. Intermedin in the paraventricular nucleus attenuates cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in chronic heart failure rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94234. [PMID: 24709972 PMCID: PMC3978024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Intermedin (IMD) is a member of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family together with adrenomedullin (AM) and amylin. It has a wide distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) especially in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) is enhanced in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of IMD in the PVN on CSAR and its related mechanisms in CHF rats. Methodology/Principal Findings Rats were subjected to left descending coronary artery ligation to induce CHF or sham-operation (Sham). Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. CSAR was evaluated by the RSNA and MAP responses to epicardial application of capsaicin. Acute experiments were carried out 8 weeks after coronary ligation or sham surgery under anesthesia. IMD and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels in the PVN were up-regulated in CHF rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of IMD caused greater decreases in CSAR and the baseline RSNA and MAP in CHF rats than those in Sham rats. The decrease of CSAR caused by IMD was prevented by pretreatment with AM receptor antagonist AM22-52, but not CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. Ang II in the PVN significantly enhanced CSAR and superoxide anions level, which was inhibited by PVN pretreatment with IMD or tempol (a superoxide anions scavenger) in Sham and CHF rats. Conclusion IMD in the PVN inhibits CSAR via AM receptor, and attenuates the effects of Ang II on CSAR and superoxide anions level in CHF rats. PVN superoxide anions involve in the effect of IMD on attenuating Ang II-induced CSAR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Physiology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Yan Chen
- Department of Haematology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Oates JC, Mashmoushi AK, Shaftman SR, Gilkeson GS. NADPH oxidase and nitric oxide synthase-dependent superoxide production is increased in proliferative lupus nephritis. Lupus 2013; 22:1361-70. [PMID: 24106214 PMCID: PMC3839955 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313507988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lupus nephritis (LN) is an immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Proliferative LN (PLN, ISN/RPS classes III and IV)) often leads to renal injury or failure despite traditional induction and maintenance therapy. Successful targeted therapeutic development requires insight into mediators of inflammation in PLN. Superoxide (SO) and its metabolites are mediators of the innate immune response through their ability to mediate reduction-oxidation signaling. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. We hypothesized that markers of SO production would be increased in active PLN and that SO production would be dependent on the activity of select enzymes in the renal cortex. METHODS Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were enrolled at the time of renal biopsy for active LN of all classes. Serum collected at baseline was analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection for markers of SO production (durable modifications of serum protein Tyr ultimately requiring SO as a substrate). Renal cortex from MRL/MpJ-FAS(lpr) (MRL/lpr) mice with and without functional eNOS was analyzed during active disease for superoxide (SO) production with and without inhibitors of SO-producing enzymes. RESULTS Serum protein modifications indicative of total SO production were significantly higher in patients with PLN. These markers were increased in association with more active, inflammatory PLN. Mice lacking functional eNOS had 80% higher levels of renal cortical SO during active disease, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase reduced these levels by 60% and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that SO production is unique to active PLN in a NOS and NADPH oxidase-dependent fashion. These findings suggest the emulating or augmenting eNOS activity or inhibiting NADPH oxidase SO production may be targets of therapy in patients with PLN. The markers of SO production used in this study could rationally be used to select SO-modulating therapies and serve as pharmacodynamic indicators for dose titration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim C. Oates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC and Medical Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Ahmad K. Mashmoushi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Stephanie R. Shaftman
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC and Medical Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine accumulates in the kidney during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kidney Int 2013; 85:570-8. [PMID: 24107853 PMCID: PMC3944656 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is the leading cause of acute tubular necrosis. Nitric oxide has a protective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, in ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. ADMA is produced by protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) and is mainly degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Here we examined the kinetics of ADMA and PRMT and DDAH expression in the kidneys of ischemia/reperfusion-injured mice. After the injury, DDAH-1 levels were decreased and renal and plasma ADMA values were increased in association with renal dysfunction. Renal ADMA was correlated with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress. An antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, or a proteasomal inhibitor, MG-132, restored these alterations. Infusion of subpressor dose of ADMA exacerbated renal dysfunction, capillary loss, and tubular necrosis in the kidneys of ischemia/reperfusion-injured wild mice, while damage was attenuated in DDAH transgenic mice. Thus, ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress may reduce DDAH expression and cause ADMA accumulation, which may contribute to capillary loss and tubular necrosis in the kidney.
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Li L, Ma P, Liu Y, Huang C, O WS, Tang F, Zhang JV. Intermedin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in the rat testis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65278. [PMID: 23750251 PMCID: PMC3672160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First reported as a vasoactive peptide in the cardiovascular system, intermedin (IMD), also known as adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), is a hormone with multiple potent roles, including its antioxidant action on the pulmonary, central nervous, cardiovascular and renal systems. Though IMD may play certain roles in trophoblast cell invasion, early embryonic development and cumulus cell-oocyte interaction, the role of IMD in the male reproductive system has yet to be investigated. This paper reports our findings on the gene expression of IMD, its receptor components and its protein localization in the testes. In a rat model, bacterial lippolysaccharide (LPS) induced atypical orchitis, and LPS treatment upregulated the expression of IMD and one of its receptor component proteins, i.e. receptor activity modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). IMD decreased both plasma and testicular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, attenuated the increase in the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), rescued spermatogenesis, and prevented the decrease in plasma testosterone levels caused by LPS. The restorative effect of IMD on steroidogenesis was also observed in hydrogen peroxide-treated rat primary Leydig cells culture. Our results indicate IMD plays an important protective role in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, suggesting therapeutic potential for IMD in pathological conditions such as orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Research Center for Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Research Center for Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Research Center for Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Center for Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Wai-sum O
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fai Tang
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian V. Zhang
- Research Center for Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen City, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Single-Molecule Detection and Instrument Development, Shenzhen City, China
- Innovative Pharmacology and Biotherapy Pre-Clinical Test Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Shenzhen City, China
- * E-mail:
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Gilkeson GS, Mashmoushi AK, Ruiz P, Caza TN, Perl A, Oates JC. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase reduces crescentic and necrotic glomerular lesions, reactive oxygen production, and MCP1 production in murine lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64650. [PMID: 23741359 PMCID: PMC3669382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus, in both animal models and in humans, is characterized by autoantibody production followed by immune complex deposition in target tissues. Ensuing target organ damage is modulated by reactive intermediates, including reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, through as of now incompletely understood mechanisms. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is known to impact vascular reactivity; however its impact on reactive intermediate production and inflammatory renal disease is less well defined. In this study, we assessed the impact of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) on disease in lupus prone MRL/lpr mice. Mice lacking eNOS developed earlier more severe disease with decreased survival. eNOS deficient mice died sooner and developed significantly more glomerular crescents, necrosis, inflammatory infiltrates and vasculitis, indicating a role for eNOS in modulating these renal lesions. Immune complex deposition was similar between groups, indicating the impact of eNOS is distal to antibody/complement glomerular deposition. Urinary nitric oxide production was decreased in the eNOS deficient mice, while proteinuria was increased. Urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was also increased in the knockout mice. CD4+ T cells from MRL/lpr mice demonstrated mitochondrial hyperpolarization, increased nitric oxide and superoxide production and increased calcium flux compared to B6 control mice. Deficiency of eNOS resulted in decreased nitric oxide and mitochondrial calcium levels but had no effect on mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Renal cortices from MRL/lpr mice that are eNOS deficient demonstrated increased superoxide production, which was blocked by both nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase inhibitors. These studies thus demonstrate a key role for eNOS in modulating renal disease in lupus prone MRL/lpr mice. The impact appears to be mediated by effects on superoxide production in the kidney, impacting downstream mediators such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These results suggest that modulation of eNOS may be a novel therapeutic approach to treating lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Medical Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ahmad K. Mashmoushi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Phillip Ruiz
- Transplant Laboratories and Immunopathology, Department of Surgery and Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tiffany N. Caza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Andras Perl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Jim C. Oates
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Medical Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Lv Z, Wu K, Chen X, Zhang X, Hong B. Plasma intermedin levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Peptides 2013; 43:121-5. [PMID: 23499766 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that adrenomedullin (ADM) may function as a cardiovascular-regulatory peptide in humans. Intermedin (IMD) is a newly discovered peptide related to ADM and has a greater range of biological effects on the cardiovascular in animal experiments. The purpose of the study was to investigate the pathophysiological role of IMD in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study included twenty patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), thirty-three with stable coronary heart disease (SCHD), and eighteen healthy controls. Plasma levels of IMD, malonaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cardiac biomarkers were determined at one, two, four and seven days following AMI. Plasma IMD levels were significantly increased on day 1 in AMI patients when compared with SCHD subjects (P=0.014), and reached a peak of 181.88 ± 9.47 pg/ml at 96 h. Plasma IMD concentrations were correlated with MDA and SOD. Furthermore, patients with severe lesions in their coronary arteries tended to have higher plasma IMD levels (P<0.05) in AMI patients. A significant increase in plasma IMD following AMI may be associated with oxidative stress, and could be used as a marker to reflect the severity of the coronary stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Lv
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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24
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Asakura J, Hasegawa H, Takayanagi K, Shimazu T, Suge R, Shimizu T, Iwashita T, Tayama Y, Matsuda A, Kanozawa K, Araki N, Mitarai T. Renoprotective effect of pioglitazone by the prevention of glomerular hyperfiltration through the possible restoration of altered macula densa signaling in rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 122:83-94. [PMID: 23548923 DOI: 10.1159/000348661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pioglitazone (PGZ), one of the thiazolidinediones, has been known to show renoprotective effects. In this study, we focused on the effect of PGZ on glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF), resultant glomerular injury and altered macula densa signaling as a cause of sustained GHF through modified tubuloglomerular feedback in rats with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Kidneys from 24-week-old male OLETF rats and LET rats, nondiabetic controls, were used for the experiment. PGZ was administered (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 2 weeks from 22 to 24 weeks of age in some of the OLETF rats (OLETF+PGZ). RESULTS Parameters relating GHF, kidney weight, creatinine clearance, urine albumin/creatinine ratio and glomerular surface were all increased in OLETF rats and partially restored in OLETF+PGZ rats. Expressions of desmin and TGF-β were also increased in OLETF rats and restored in OLETF+PGZ rats. The changes in TGF-β expression were confirmed to be independent of podocyte number. Finally, the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the macula densa was assessed for the evaluation of macula densa signaling. Altered intensities of nNOS and COX-2 in OLETF rats were restored in OLETF+PGZ rats, which agreed with the gene expression analysis (nNOS: 100.2 ± 2.9% in LET, 64.2 ± 2.7% in OLETF, 87.4 ± 12.1% in OLETF+PGZ; COX-2: 100.8 ± 7.4% in LET, 249.2 ± 19.4% in OLETF, 179.9 ± 13.5% in OLETF+PGZ; n = 5) and the semiquantitative analysis of nNOS/COX-2-positive cells. CONCLUSION PGZ effectively attenuated the GHF and hyperfiltration-associated glomerular injury in diabetic nephropathy. The restoration of altered macula densa signaling might be involved in the renoprotective effect of PGZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juko Asakura
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
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Yang X, Zhang H, Jia Y, Ni L, Li G, Xue L, Jiang Y. Effects of intermedin1-53 on myocardial fibrosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:141-8. [PMID: 23174675 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family and has similar or more potent cardiovascular actions than adrenomedullin (ADM) and any other CGRP. The aim of the present work is to study the effects of IMD1-53 on cardiac fibroblast fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Myocardial infarction model was prepared by ligating rats' left anterior descending coronary artery. Mesenchymal collagen contents in the left ventricle were accessed by Sirius-red stain. Heart functions were explored by hemodynamic changes. Expression of I and III type collagens, IMD1-53, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP)1/2/3, and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) in left ventricle were detected by western blot analysis. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFbs) fibrosis was induced by treating the cells with aldosterone (ALD). CFbs proliferation and the hydroxyproline contents in supernatants were determined by 3-[4,5-dimehyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Heart function was decreased in myocardial infarction model rats. Expression of type I and type III collagens in infarcted zone in myocardial rats was higher than those in the sham-operated group. IMD1-53, RAMP, and CRLR in left ventricle were also up-regulated. In vitro experiment showed that ALD was a powerful stimulator of CFbs activation. IMD1-53 decreased ALD-induced CFbs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CGRP8-37 and ADM22-52 remarkably blocked the effect of IMD1-53 on ALD-induced myocardial cell fibrosis. IMD could be involved in the onset of cardiac fibrosis. Like ADM, IMD1-53 exerts an antifibrotic effect on CFbs, which might be mediated by CRLR/RAMP complex and ADM receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Qiao X, Li RS, Li H, Zhu GZ, Huang XG, Shao S, Bai B. Intermedin protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibition of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 304:F112-9. [PMID: 23077098 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00054.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Intermedin (IMD) reportedly protected against myocardial IRI via its antioxidant effects; however, its protective role in renal IRI has not been investigated. We overexpressed IMD in rat kidneys and examined how the kidneys respond to renal IRI. Eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the rat IMD gene or control empty vector was transfected into the left kidney using an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated delivery system. This method yielded high expression of IMD in kidney cells. Renal IRI was induced by clamping the left renal artery followed by reperfusion. In response to IRI, overexpression of IMD in the kidney significantly improved renal function and pathology compared with the kidney transfected with control plasmid. We investigated the mechanisms by which IMD protects against renal IRI. We examined renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and found SOD activity was significantly increased, while MDA level was markedly decreased in kidneys transfected with IMD, suggesting ROS production and oxidative stress were reduced by IMD overexpression. We also measured myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tubular cell apoptosis, and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the kidney. Renal MPO activity and the expression of ICAM-1, P-selectin, and ET-1 stimulated by IRI were significantly inhibited by IMD overexpression. Moreover, IMD overexpression prevented kidney cells from apoptosis caused by IRI. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of IMD in the kidney protects against renal IRI, apparently by reducing oxidative stress, consequently suppressing inflammation and vasoconstrictor production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiao
- Dept. of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical Univ., Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Peng DQ, Zhang J, Song JQ, Teng X, Yu YR, Tang CS, Qi YF. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation is involved in intermedin1-53 attenuating myocardial oxidative stress injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Peptides 2012; 33:329-35. [PMID: 22244813 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD)(1-53) is a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide superfamily and has potent cardioprotective effects against myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). To explore the mechanism of the IMD(1-53) cardioprotective effect, we studied the anti-oxidant effects of IMD(1-53) on myocardial injury induced by I/R in vivo in rat and H(2)O(2) treatment in vitro in rat cardiomyocytes. Compared with sham treatment, I/R treatment induced severe lipid peroxidation injury in rat myocardium: plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myocardial LDH activity was increased by 34% and 85% (all P<0.01); Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was reduced 80% and 86% (all P<0.01), respectively, and the protein levels of the NADPH oxidase complex subunits gp91(phox) and p47(phox) were markedly increased, by 86% (P<0.05) and 95% (P<0.01), respectively; IMD(1-53) treatment ameliorated lipid peroxidation injury: plasma MDA content and myocardial LDH activity was decreased by 30% (P<0.05) and 36% (P<0.01); Mn-SOD and CAT activity was elevated 1.0- and 4.3-fold (all P<0.01), respectively; and the protein levels of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) were reduced, by 28% and 36% (both P<0.05), respectively. Concurrently, IMD(1-53) treatment markedly promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in cardiomyocytes as compared with H(2)O(2) treatment alone. Furthermore, IMD(1-53) increased the ratio of p-ERK to ERK by 66% (P<0.05) as compared with I/R alone, and the protective effect of IMD(1-53) on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was abolished by preincubation with PD98059, a MEK inhibitor. IMD(1-53) may improve the oxidative stress injury induced by I/R via inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Jacob A, Wu R, Wang P. Regulation of RAMP expression in diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 744:87-103. [PMID: 22434110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2364-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) belong to a single family of transmembrane proteins. RAMPs determine ligand specificity of G-protein coupled receptors; calcitonin receptor and the calcitonin-receptor like receptor (CLR). To date, three members of RAMP family (RAMP-1, -2, -3) have been identified. The co-expression of RAMP-1 with CLR constitutes the calcitonin gene related peptide receptor whereas the association of the RAMP-2 or RAMP-3 with CLR forms the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor. Alterations in signaling and subcellular distribution of G-protein coupled receptors can be responsible for the regulation of many disease conditions. These changes may be mediated by the different isoforms of RAMPs associated with such receptors. In this chapter, we describe the differential responses associated with upregulation of RAMPs in disease conditions. For instance, the upregulation of all three RAMP isoforms contributes to the cardioprotective effects of the CLR/RAMP ligands. On the other hand, strong evidence exists for the involvement of AM in various cancers and that its action is mediated by the upregulation of RAMP isoforms, RAMP-2 and -3. Though limited, a few studies have been reported on the differential response associated with the upregulation of RAMP in other disease conditions such as sepsis, liver cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, Type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Thus, the regulation of RAMP expression is involved in the pathophysiology associated with various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jacob
- The Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Bell D, Campbell M, Ferguson M, Sayers L, Donaghy L, O'Regan A, Jewhurst V, Harbinson M. AM₁-receptor-dependent protection by intermedin of human vascular and cardiac non-vascular cells from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Physiol 2011; 590:1181-97. [PMID: 22183724 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.221895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) protects rodent heart and vasculature from oxidative stress and ischaemia. Less is known about distribution of IMD and its receptors and the potential for similar protection in man. Expression of IMD and receptor components were studied in human aortic endothelium cells (HAECs), smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), cardiac microvascular endothelium cells (HMVECs) and fibroblasts (v-HCFs). Receptor subtype involvement in protection by IMD against injury by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 1 mmol l⁻¹) and simulated ischaemia and reperfusion were investigated using receptor component-specific siRNAs. IMD and CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were expressed in all cell types.When cells were treated with 1 nmol l⁻¹ IMD during exposure to 1 mmol l⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 4 h, viability was greater vs. H2O2 alone (P<0.05 for all cell types). Viabilities under 6 h simulated ischaemia differed (P<0.05) in the absence and presence of 1 nmol l⁻¹ IMD: HAECs 63% and 85%; HMVECs 51% and 68%; v-HCFs 42% and 96%. IMD 1 nmol l⁻¹ present throughout ischaemia (3 h) and reperfusion (1 h) attenuated injury (P<0.05): viabilities were 95%, 74% and 82% for HAECs, HMVECs and v-HCFs, respectively, relative to those in the absence of IMD (62%, 35%, 32%, respectively). When IMD 1 nmol l⁻¹ was present during reperfusion only, protection was still evident (P<0.05, 79%, 55%, 48%, respectively). Cytoskeletal disruption and protein carbonyl formation followed similar patterns. Pre-treatment (4 days) of HAECs with CRLR or RAMP2, but not RAMP1 or RAMP3, siRNAs abolished protection by IMD (1 nmol l⁻¹) against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. IMD protects human vascular and cardiac non-vascular cells from oxidative stress and ischaemia-reperfusion,predominantly via AM1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bell
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress by intermedin(1-53) protects against myocardial injury through a PI3 kinase-Akt signaling pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:1195-205. [PMID: 21909975 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a novel member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide family. We aimed to explore whether the cardioprotective effect of IMD is mediated by inhibiting myocardial endoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum) stress (ERS). In vitro, IMD(1-53) (10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) mol/l) directly inhibited the upregulation of ERS markers such as glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein, and caspase-12 induced by the ERS inducers tunicamycin (Tm, 10 mg/ml) or dithiothreitol (DTT, 2 mmol/l) in cardiac tissue. IMD(1-53) also inhibited Tm- or DTT-induced upregulation of cleaved activating transcription factor 6 and 4. These inhibitory effects of IMD(1-53) were abolished by the IMD receptor antagonist IMD(17-47) (10(-6) mol/l) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (10 μmol/l). However, preincubation with PD98059 (20 μmol/l), an extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibitor, and H89 (10 μmol/l), a protein kinase A inhibitor, could not block the ERS-inhibiting effects of IMD(1-53). Furthermore, in an in vivo model of myocardium ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats, administration of IMD(1-53) (20 nmol/kg, intravenously) greatly attenuated ERS and ameliorated myocardium impairment induced by I/R. IMD(1-53) could exert its cardioprotective effect by inhibiting myocardial ERS, which might be mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
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Influence of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin gene polymorphism on blood pressure, renal function and silent cerebrovascular lesions in Japanese: the Ohasama study. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1327-32. [PMID: 21832999 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) is a novel vasodilator peptide with various effects on the renal function and cardiovascular system. An exonic insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism (rs3840963) may influence generation of AM2/IMD-53, due to its location within the N-terminal sequence. We investigated the association of this polymorphism with blood pressure, renal function and the risk of silent cerebrovascular lesions in a Japanese population recruited from the Ohasama study. We recorded 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria of 1073 individuals over 40 years of age. Silent cerebrovascular lesions (lacunar infarction and white matter hyperintensity (WMH)) were recorded in 794 individuals over 55 years of age. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was diagnosed in individuals with proteinuria and/or decreased eGFR ≤60 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2). DD carriers, compared with II and ID carriers, displayed significantly higher 24 h ABP (127.4 vs. 122.0 and 122.9 mm Hg, respectively, in systolic ABP, P=0.009; and 74.8 vs. 71.3 and 72.5 mm Hg, respectively, in diastolic ABP, P=0.002), and lower eGFR (75.4 vs. 82.6 and 82.9 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2), respectively, P=0.04). DD carriers also had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for prevalence of CKD (OR: 2.7, P=0.003), presence of lacunar infarction (OR: 2.4, P=0.01) and WMH (OR: 2.7, P=0.003), compared with II carriers. The AM2/IMD I/D polymorphism is associated with renal dysfunction, blood pressure regulation and asymptomatic cerebrovascular diseases in the Japanese general population.
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Effect of intermedin1-53 on angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 56:45-52. [PMID: 20351561 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181ddc785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intermedin (IMD) is coexpressed in the heart with its receptor, which suggests that it may have localized actions as a modulator of cardiac function. The present study was designed to observe the interaction between IMD and cardiac hypertrophy and the possible mechanism involved in the antihypertrophic effects of IMD1-53 in cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes. METHODS Myocyte hypertrophy was induced by treating the cells with angiotensin II, and the hypertrophic response was characterized by a significant increase in cell surface area, protein synthesis, and BNP mRNA expression. RESULTS Our results showed that angiotensin II led to an obvious decrease in the production, secretion, and mRNA expression of IMD and increase receptor activity modifying proteins 1, 3 mRNA expression. Moreover, IMD1-53 inhibited the angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic response and the effects of IMD1-53 were similar to those of equivalent-dose adrenomedullin and could been blocked by H89. Otherwise, in our study, IMD1-53 resulted in dose-dependent increases of cAMP production in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Thus, IMD and its receptor system are involved in cardiac hypertrophy, and like adrenomedullin, IMD1-53 exerts an antihypertrophic effect on neonatal cardiomyocytes and the effect can be mediated by the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Shen B, Gao L, Hsu YT, Bledsoe G, Hagiwara M, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin attenuates endothelial apoptosis through inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of Akt-eNOS signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1419-27. [PMID: 20729399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00591.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kallistatin is a regulator of vascular homeostasis capable of controlling a wide spectrum of biological actions in the cardiovascular and renal systems. We previously reported that kallistatin inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in cultured cardiac and renal cells. The present study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in protection against oxidative stress-induced vascular injury and endothelial cell apoptosis. We found that kallistatin gene delivery significantly attenuated aortic superoxide formation and glomerular capillary loss in hypertensive DOCA-salt rats. In cultured endothelial cells, kallistatin suppressed TNF-α-induced cellular apoptosis, and the effect was blocked by the pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and by the knockdown of endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression. The transduction of endothelial cells with adenovirus expressing dominant-negative Akt abolished the protective effect of kallistatin on endothelial apoptosis and caspase activity. In addition, kallistatin inhibited TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species formation and NADPH oxidase activity, and these effects were attenuated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NOS inhibition. Kallistatin also prevented the induction of Bim protein and mRNA expression by oxidative stress. Moreover, the downregulation of forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) and Bim expression suppressed TNF-α-mediated endothelial cell death. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic actions of kallistatin were accompanied by Akt-mediated FOXO1 and eNOS phosphorylation, as well as increased NOS activity. These findings indicate a novel role of kallistatin in the protection against vascular injury and oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis via the activation of Akt-dependent eNOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, USA
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Intermedin is upregulated and has protective roles in a mouse ischemia/reperfusion model. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:861-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Takahashi K, Hirose T, Mori N, Morimoto R, Kohzuki M, Imai Y, Totsune K. The renin-angiotensin system, adrenomedullins and urotensin II in the kidney: possible renoprotection via the kidney peptide systems. Peptides 2009; 30:1575-85. [PMID: 19477209 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic kidney disease, such as diabetic nephropathy, is increasing throughout the world. Many biologically active peptides play important roles in the kidney. The classical example is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II plays critical roles in the progression of chronic kidney disease through its vasoconstrictor action, stimulatory action on cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen-generating activity. A renin inhibitor, aliskiren, has recently been shown to be a clinically effective drug to reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. (Pro)renin receptor, a specific receptor for renin and prorenin, was newly identified as a member of the RAS. When bound to prorenin, (pro)renin receptor activates the angiotensin I-generating activity of prorenin in the absence of cleavage of the prosegment, and directly stimulates the pathway of mitogen-activated protein kinase independently from the RAS. The kidney peptides that antagonize the intrarenal RAS may have renoprotective actions. Adrenomedullins, potent vasodilator peptides, have been shown to have renoprotective actions. On the other hand, urotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, may promote the renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease together with the renal RAS. Thus, in addition to the renin inhibitor and (pro)renin receptor, adrenomedullins and urotensin II may be novel targets to develop therapeutic strategies against chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Smith RS, Gao L, Bledsoe G, Chao L, Chao J. Intermedin is a new angiogenic growth factor. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1040-7. [PMID: 19592612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00404.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a newly discovered peptide closely related to adrenomedullin. We recently reported that IMD gene delivery prevented kidney damage and capillary loss in a rat model of chronic renal injury. In this study, we evaluated the role of IMD in angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb. Adenovirus containing human IMD or control adenovirus (Ad.Null) was injected into the adductor muscles of rats immediately after femoral artery ligation. The expression of human IMD was detected in the skeletal muscle 5 days after the viral injection. Blood perfusion in the ischemic hindlimb was monitored by laser-Doppler imaging from 1 to 3 wk after gene delivery. When compared with animals receiving Ad.Null, those with IMD gene transfer resulted in a time-dependent increase in blood perfusion. IMD gene delivery also increased capillary and arteriole density in ischemic hindlimb, identified by anti-CD-31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining. Angiogenesis promoted by IMD was confirmed by increased capillary formation and hemoglobin content in Matrigel implants containing IMD peptide in mice. In cultured endothelial cells, IMD induced cell migration and tube formation, and these effects were blocked by the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and anti-IMD-neutralizing antibody. IMD was found to increase the phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, and endothelial NOS, as well as to augment NO formation, VEGF, and VEGFR-2 synthesis. Taken together, these results indicate that IMD enhances angiogenesis through ERK, Akt/NOS/NO, and VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathways and raises the potential of IMD gene or peptide administration in the modulation of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2211, USA
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